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13. Clinical and Molecular Analyses of Recurrent Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infections.

Author

Bock, Andrew, Hanson, Blake M, Ruffin, Felicia, Parsons, Joshua B, Park, Lawrence P, Sharma-Kuinkel, Batu, Mohnasky, Michael, Arias, Cesar A, Fowler, Vance G, and Thaden, Joshua T

Subjects
*PREVENTION of bloodborne infections, *CATHETER-related infections, *SEQUENCE analysis, *CONFIDENCE intervals, *MICROBIOLOGY, *ELECTROPHORESIS, *MULTIVARIATE analysis, *MOLECULAR biology, *GENOME-wide association studies, *GENOTYPES, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *RESEARCH funding, *GRAM-negative bacterial diseases, *LOGISTIC regression analysis, *ODDS ratio, *DATA analysis software, *LONGITUDINAL method, *CATHETERS, *DISEASE risk factors, DISEASE relapse prevention
Abstract

Background The causes and clinical characteristics of recurrent gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections (GNB-BSI) are poorly understood. Methods We used a cohort of patients with GNB-BSI to identify clinical characteristics, microbiology, and risk factors associated with recurrent GNB-BSI. Bacterial genotyping (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE] and whole-genome sequencing [WGS]) was used to determine whether episodes were due to relapse or reinfection. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for recurrence. Results Of the 1423 patients with GNB-BSI in this study, 60 (4%) had recurrent GNB-BSI. Non-White race (odds ratio [OR], 2.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38–4.01; P =.002), admission to a surgical service (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.26–3.75; P =.005), and indwelling cardiac device (OR, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.21–5.58; P =.009) were associated with increased risk for recurrent GNB-BSI. Among the 48 patients with recurrent GNB-BSI whose paired bloodstream isolates underwent genotyping, 63% were due to relapse (30 of 48) and 38% were due to reinfection (18 of 48) based on WGS. Compared with WGS, PFGE correctly differentiated relapse and reinfection in 98% (47 of 48) of cases. Median time to relapse and reinfection was similar (113 days; interquartile range [IQR], 35–222 vs 174 days; IQR, 69–599; P =.13). Presence of a cardiac device was associated with relapse (relapse: 7 of 27, 26%; nonrelapse: 65 of 988, 7%; P =.002). Conclusions In this study, recurrent GNB-BSI was most commonly due to relapse. PFGE accurately differentiated relapse from reinfection when compared with WGS. Cardiac device was a risk factor for relapse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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21. Lady Raiders advance to semifinals after victory over No. 42 Kansas State

Author

Bock, Andrew Adams Connelly

Subjects
News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Byline: Andrew Adams Connelly Bock The No. 14 Texas Tech women's tennis team defeated the No. 42 Kansas State Wildcats 4-1 at 3 p.m. on Friday, April 27, in Austin, [...]

Published
2018

22. Lady Raiders set to defend Big 12 Tournament title

Author

Bock, Andrew Adams Connelly

Subjects
News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Byline: Andrew Adams Connelly Bock The No. 14 Texas Tech women's tennis team will compete in the Big 12 Championships with its first match of the tournament coming against No. [...]

Published
2018

23. From London to Lubbock: Junior Lana Rush finding success as Lady Raider

Author

Bock, Andrew Adams Connelly

Subjects
News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Byline: Andrew Adams Connelly Bock The No. 15 Texas Tech women's tennis team is off to a 13-4 start to the season and a 2-1 start to conference play. Fresh [...]

Published
2018

24. Tech ready to defend Big 12 title

Author

Bock, Andrew Adams Connelly

Subjects
News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Byline: Andrew Adams Connelly Bock The No. 16 Texas Tech women's tennis team heads into Big 12 play looking to win a share of the conference title for the fourth [...]

Published
2018

25. Lady Raiders win their fifth straight match

Author

Bock, Andrew Adams Connelly

Subjects
News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Byline: Andrew Adams Connelly Bock The No. 9 Texas Tech women's tennis team defeated Cornell 7-0 at 5 p.m. on Friday, March 16, at the McLeod Tennis Center for its [...]

Published
2018

30. Community for Data Integration 2016 annual report

Author

Langseth, Madison L., primary, Hsu, Leslie, additional, Amberg, Jon J., additional, Bliss, Norman, additional, Bock, Andrew R., additional, Bolus, Rachel T., additional, Bristol, R. Sky, additional, Chase, Katherine J., additional, Crimmins, Theresa M., additional, Earle, Paul S., additional, Erickson, Richard, additional, Everette, A. Lance, additional, Falgout, Jeff T., additional, Faundeen, John L., additional, Fienen, Michael N., additional, Griffin, Rusty, additional, Guy, Michelle R., additional, Henry, Kevin D., additional, Hoebelheinrich, Nancy J., additional, Hunt, Randall, additional, Hutchison, Vivian B., additional, Ignizio, Drew A., additional, Infante, Dana M., additional, Jarnevich, Catherine, additional, Jones, Jeanne M., additional, Kern, Tim, additional, Leibowitz, Scott, additional, Lightsom, Francis L., additional, Marsh, R. Lee, additional, McCalla, S. Grace, additional, McNiff, Marcia, additional, Morisette, Jeffrey T., additional, Nelson, John C., additional, Norkin, Tamar, additional, Preston, Todd M., additional, Rosemartin, Alyssa, additional, Sando, Roy, additional, Sherba, Jason T., additional, Signell, Richard P., additional, Sleeter, Benjamin M., additional, Sundquist, Eric T., additional, Talbert, Colin B., additional, Viger, Roland J., additional, Weltzin, Jake F., additional, Waltman, Sharon, additional, Weber, Marc, additional, Wieferich, Daniel J., additional, Williams, Brad, additional, and Windham-Myers, Lisamarie, additional

Published
2017
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32. Accelerating advances in continental domain hydrologic modeling

Author

Archfield, Stacey A, Clark, Martyn, Arheimer, Berit, Hay, Lauren E, McMillan, Hilary, Kiang, Julie E, Seibert, Jan, Hakala, Kirsti, Bock, Andrew, Wagener, Thorsten, Farmer, William H, Andréassian, Vazken, Attinger, Sabine, Viglione, Alberto, Knight, Rodney, Markstrom, Steven, Over, Thomas, US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESTON USA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH BOULDER USA, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Auckland] (NIWA), OFFICE OF SURFACE WATER US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESTON USA, DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH CHE, COLORADO WATER SCIENCE CENTER US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY LAKEWOOD USA, UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL GBR, Hydrosystèmes et Bioprocédés (UR HBAN), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), UFZ HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LEIPZIG DEU, INSTITUTE OF HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY VIENNA AUT, LOWER MISSISSIPPI GULF WATER SCIENCE CENTER US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONTGOMERY USA, ILLINOIS WATER SCIENCE CENTER US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY URBANA USA, University of Zurich, and Archfield, Stacey A

Subjects
hydrology, model, surface water, water resources, Water Science and Technology, 10122 Institute of Geography, 2312 Water Science and Technology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 910 Geography & travel
Abstract

International audience; In the past, hydrologic modeling of surface water resources has mainly focused on simulating the hydrologic cycle at local to regional catchment modeling domains. There now exists a level of maturity among the catchment, global water security, and land surface modeling communities such that these communities are converging toward continental domain hydrologic models. This commentary, written from a catchment hydrology community perspective, provides a review of progress in each community toward this achievement, identifies common challenges the communities face, and details immediate and specific areas in which these communities can mutually benefit one another from the convergence of their research perspectives. Those include: (1) creating new incentives and infrastructure to report and share model inputs, outputs, and parameters in data services and open access, machine-independent formats for model replication or reanalysis; (2) ensuring that hydrologic models have: sufficient complexity to represent the dominant physical processes and adequate representation of anthropogenic impacts on the terrestrial water cycle, a process-based approach to model parameter estimation, and appropriate parameterizations to represent large-scale fluxes and scaling behavior; (3) maintaining a balance between model complexity and data avail- ability as well as uncertainties; and (4) quantifying and communicating significant advancements toward these modeling goals.

Published
2015

38. Accelerating advances in continental domain hydrologic modeling

Author

Archfield, Stacey A., Clark, Martyn, Arheimer, Berit, Hay, Lauren E., McMillan, Hilary, Kiang, Julie E., Seibert, J., Hakala, Kirsti, Bock, Andrew, Wagener, Thorsten, Farmer, William H., Andreassian, Vazken, Attinger, Sabine, Viglione, Alberto, Knight, Rodney, Markstrom, Steven, Over, Thomas, Archfield, Stacey A., Clark, Martyn, Arheimer, Berit, Hay, Lauren E., McMillan, Hilary, Kiang, Julie E., Seibert, J., Hakala, Kirsti, Bock, Andrew, Wagener, Thorsten, Farmer, William H., Andreassian, Vazken, Attinger, Sabine, Viglione, Alberto, Knight, Rodney, Markstrom, Steven, and Over, Thomas

Abstract

In the past, hydrologic modeling of surface water resources has mainly focused on simulating the hydrologic cycle at local to regional catchment modeling domains. There now exists a level of maturity among the catchment, global water security, and land surface modeling communities such that these communities are converging toward continental domain hydrologic models. This commentary, written from a catchment hydrology community perspective, provides a review of progress in each community toward this achievement, identifies common challenges the communities face, and details immediate and specific areas in which these communities can mutually benefit one another from the convergence of their research perspectives. Those include: (1) creating new incentives and infrastructure to report and share model inputs, outputs, and parameters in data services and open access, machine-independent formats for model replication or reanalysis; (2) ensuring that hydrologic models have: sufficient complexity to represent the dominant physical processes and adequate representation of anthropogenic impacts on the terrestrial water cycle, a process-based approach to model parameter estimation, and appropriate parameterizations to represent large-scale fluxes and scaling behavior; (3) maintaining a balance between model complexity and data availability as well as uncertainties; and (4) quantifying and communicating significant advancements toward these modeling goals., CCC:000368421500038

Published
2015

39. Deafferentation-Induced Plasticity of Visual Callosal Connections: Predicting Critical Periods and Analyzing Cortical Abnormalities Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Author

Olavarria, Jaime F., Bock, Andrew S., Leigland, Lindsey A., and Kroenke, Christopher D.

Subjects
Article Subject
Abstract

Callosal connections form elaborate patterns that bear close association with striate and extrastriate visual areas. Although it is known that retinal input is required for normal callosal development, there is little information regarding the period during which the retina is critically needed and whether this period correlates with the same developmental stage across species. Here we review the timing of this critical period, identified in rodents and ferrets by the effects that timed enucleations have on mature callosal connections, and compare it to other developmental milestones in these species. Subsequently, we compare these events to diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measurements of water diffusion anisotropy within developing cerebral cortex. We observed that the relationship between the timing of the critical period and the DTI-characterized developmental trajectory is strikingly similar in rodents and ferrets, which opens the possibility of using cortical DTI trajectories for predicting the critical period in species, such as humans, in which this period likely occurs prenatally. Last, we discuss the potential of utilizing DTI to distinguish normal from abnormal cerebral cortical development, both within the context of aberrant connectivity induced by early retinal deafferentation, and more generally as a potential tool for detecting abnormalities associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Published
2012
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42. Community for Data Integration 2013 Annual Report

Author

Chang, Michelle Y., primary, Carlino, Jennifer, additional, Barnes, Christopher, additional, Blodgett, David L., additional, Bock, Andrew R., additional, Everette, Anthony L., additional, Fernette, Gregory L., additional, Flint, Lorraine E., additional, Gordon, Janice M., additional, Govoni, David L., additional, Hay, Lauren E., additional, Henkel, Heather S., additional, Hines, Megan K., additional, Holl, Sally L., additional, Homer, Collin G., additional, Hutchison, Vivian B., additional, Ignizio, Drew A., additional, Kern, Tim J., additional, Lightsom, Frances L., additional, Markstrom, Steven L., additional, O'Donnell, Michael S., additional, Schei, Jacquelyn L., additional, Schmid, Lorna A., additional, Schoephoester, Kathryn M., additional, Schweitzer, Peter N., additional, Skagen, Susan K., additional, Sullivan, Daniel J., additional, Talbert, Colin, additional, and Warren, Meredith Pavlick, additional

Published
2015
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45. Resting-State Retinotopic Organization in the Absence of Retinal Input and Visual Experience.

Author

Bock, Andrew S., Binda, Paola, Benson, Noah C., Bridge, Holly, Watkins, Kate E., and Fine, Ione

Subjects
*EYE diseases, *RETINA physiology, *VISUAL perception, *VISUAL cortex, *FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging, *BLINDNESS, *ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY
Abstract

Early visual areas have neuronal receptive fields that form a sampling mosaic of visual space, resulting in a series of retinotopic maps in which the same region of space is represented in multiple visual areas. It is not clear to what extent the development and maintenance of this retinotopic organization in humans depend on retinal waves and/or visual experience. We examined the corticocortical receptive field organization of resting-state BOLD data in normally sighted, early blind, and anophthalmic (in which both eyes fail to develop) individuals and found that resting-state correlations between V1 and V2/V3 were retinotopically organized for all subject groups. These results show that the gross retinotopic pattern of resting-state connectivity across V1-V3 requires neither retinal waves nor visual experience to develop and persist into adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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46. Temporal Sensitivity for Achromatic and Chromatic Flicker across the Visual Cortex.

Author

Patterson Gentile C, Spitschan M, Taskin HO, Bock AS, and Aguirre GK

Subjects
Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Young Adult, Geniculate Bodies physiology, Visual Pathways physiology, Visual Pathways diagnostic imaging, Contrast Sensitivity physiology, Visual Cortex physiology, Visual Cortex diagnostic imaging, Photic Stimulation methods, Color Perception physiology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods
Abstract

The retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) receive different combinations of L, M, and S cone inputs and give rise to one achromatic and two chromatic postreceptoral channels. The goal of the current study was to determine temporal sensitivity across the three postreceptoral channels in subcortical and cortical regions involved in human vision. We measured functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) responses at 7 T from three participants (two males, one female) viewing a high-contrast, flickering, spatially uniform wide field (∼140°). Stimulus flicker frequency varied logarithmically between 2 and 64 Hz and targeted the L + M + S, L - M, and S - (L + M) cone combinations. These measurements were used to create temporal sensitivity functions of the primary visual cortex (V1) across eccentricity and spatially averaged responses from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), and the V2/V3, hV4, and V3A/B regions. fMRI responses reflected the known properties of the visual system, including higher peak temporal sensitivity to achromatic versus chromatic stimuli and low-pass filtering between the LGN and V1. Peak temporal sensitivity increased across levels of the cortical visual hierarchy. Unexpectedly, peak temporal sensitivity varied little across eccentricity within area V1. Measures of adaptation and distributed pattern activity revealed a subtle influence of 64 Hz achromatic flicker in area V1, despite this stimulus evoking only a minimal overall response. The comparison of measured cortical responses to a model of the integrated retinal output to our stimuli demonstrates that extensive filtering and amplification are applied to postretinal signals., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests., (Copyright © 2024 the authors.)

Published
2024
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47. Temporal sensitivity for achromatic and chromatic flicker across the visual cortex.

Author

Gentile CP, Spitschan M, Taskin HO, Bock AS, and Aguirre GK

Abstract

The retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) receive different combinations of L, M, and S cone inputs and give rise to one achromatic and two chromatic post-receptoral channels. Beyond the retina, RGC outputs are subject to filtering and normalization along the geniculo-striate pathway, ultimately producing the properties of human vision. The goal of the current study was to determine temporal sensitivity across the three post-receptoral channels in subcortical and cortical regions involved in vision. We measured functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) responses at 7 Tesla from three participants (two males, one female) viewing a high-contrast, flickering, spatially-uniform wide field (~140°). Stimulus flicker frequency varied logarithmically between 2 and 64 Hz and targeted the L+M+S, L-M, and S-[L+M] cone combinations. These measurements were used to create temporal sensitivity functions of primary visual cortex (V1) across eccentricity, and spatially averaged responses from lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), V2/V3, hV4, and V3A/B. Functional MRI responses reflected known properties of the visual system, including higher peak temporal sensitivity to achromatic vs. chromatic stimuli, and low-pass filtering between the LGN and V1. Peak temporal sensitivity increased across levels of the cortical visual hierarchy. Unexpectedly, peak temporal sensitivity varied little across eccentricity within area V1. Measures of adaptation and distributed pattern activity revealed a subtle influence of 64 Hz achromatic flicker in area V1, despite this stimulus evoking only a minimal overall response. Comparison of measured cortical responses to a model of integrated retinal output to our stimuli demonstrates that extensive filtering and amplification is applied to post-retinal signals., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare that they have no relevant financial interests that relate to the research described in this paper.

Published
2024
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