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В работе говорится о внедрении цифровых и интеллектуальных технологий в электроэнергетику. Изложены основные направления развития интеллектуализации и цифровизации электроэнергетического комплекса. Уделено внимание этапам перехода на новый уровень электроэнергетики. Приведены примеры внедрения передовых решений в систему электроснабжения России., The paper presents the introduction of digital and intelligent technologies in the electric power industry. The main ways of the development of intellectualization and digitalization of the electric power complex are outlined. Attention is paid to the stages of transition to a new level of electric power industry. Examples of the introduction of advanced solutions in the power supply system of Russia are given.

Ocean Sampling Day was initiated by the EU-funded Micro B3 (Marine Microbial Biodiversity, Bioinformatics, Biotechnology) project to obtain a snapshot of the marine microbial biodiversity and function of the world's oceans. It is a simultaneous global mega-sequencing campaign aiming to generate the largest standardized microbial data set in a single day. This will be achievable only through the coordinated efforts of an Ocean Sampling Day Consortium, supportive partnerships and networks between sites. This commentary outlines the establishment, function and aims of the Consortium and describes our vision for a sustainable study of marine microbial communities and their embedded functional traits.

The Lena River delta is the largest delta in the Arctic and unique natural object. River deltas are serve an important function of sedimentary geochemical barriers, and kind of bio-filters of terrigenous material for up to 90% of suspended particular matter and up to 40% of dissolved substances flowing to the ocean. Delta is a changeable system due to high activity of channel processes, high accumulation and riverbanks deformations. Geochemical flows formation, its distribution and transformation in the river channels of the Delta influenced by many of factors. Permafrost dominates among of these. The catchment area of the delta is covered by wetland landscape and includes a numerous of water objects formed in the condition of continuous permafrost including Yedoma. In consequence of thermoerosion and thermokarst processes lowered lakes, the tributaries from lakes as well as tributaries from Yedoma add dissolved and suspended components to the total flow of the river and forming a significant source of geochemical flow. It can be seeing on the basis of outflows from Yedoma case study carrying colder, more muddy and mineralized water is to the river. The impact of such factors are changing the distribution in river channels influenced by them. Detail study of geochemical situation in the Lena river delta allows understanding processes of geochemical flows formation in the delta and distribution of the components from the delta head to the sea, to access amount of material transported by the river and accumulated.

During last 10 years investigations on Polar region lakes have been done that allow compare changing in their regimes with previous studying a half century ago. For analysis of lakes vulnerability/stability three mark regions have been chosen: The Lena River delta, Yamal peninsula and East Antarctic oases. Mark parts of Arctic and Antarctic give some very similar information about lacustrine ecosystem but in other processes different. Our investigation of lacustrine sediment cores show quite high self-cleaning of Arctic lakes according to analysis of a cations exchange capacity between near-bottom water and up layer of a core. Intensive natural eutrophication and lake succession stages replacement are available. Against a background stable glacial lakes in Antarctic there are “active” Arctic thermokarst and alas lakes. In Antarctic drying oases areas have been noticed. As a result, reduction of lakes amount as well as increasing of catchments without outflow were observed. In contrast to Antarctic oases deglaciation water system in Arctic become humidity. So, quantity of small lakes rises and lake outflow upwards. Therefore, there are two main reasons of lake ecosystem features non-conformity. One of them is a climate change, in general, and its different evidence, from another side - drying and humidification in Antarctic and Arctic correspondingly, for instance. Sometimes understanding of possibility of lakes features changes is a complicated fact. Furthermore, composition of separate components of ecosystem parts is unequal of a character of a new changed system. Lake vulnerability of both Polar Regions could be the same against the differences of their parts. Using for further ecosystem progress prediction the non-additive parameters like vulnerability/stability is more correct, consequently. The last point of view is Polar lakes is more open to environmental change, mostly to insolation and biogenic elements income, than to anthropogenic impact from Polar stati

The high thaw vulnerability of Yedoma (Ice Complex) in combination with its high contents of labile organic matter makes these ice-rich permafrost deposits an object of research activities that investigate permafrost degradation and the permafrost-carbon feedback under a warming climate. Thermokarst and thermal erosion are two major types of permafrost degradation in Arctic lowlands, and in particular Yedoma landscapes. These processes and resulting landforms release fossil organic matter to the atmosphere and the hydrological system, and may also substantially alter the water and energy balances of the affected landscapes. While thermokarst has been widely investigated, data is sparse on thermal erosion, despite the fact that related landforms, such as thermo-erosional gullies, valleys and valley networks, cover vast parts of Yedoma landscapes. We investigate 1) the impact of past thermo-erosional processes on the transformation of the Late Pleistocene Yedoma relief in the Siberian Laptev Sea region to the recent relief situation and 2) the impact of recent thermo-erosional processes and landforms on the hydrological and biogeochemical regime of Yedoma landscapes. Our regional inventory of thermo-erosional landforms using GIS-based analysis of remote sensing data, digital elevation models, and field investigations demonstrates that thermal erosion severely affected Siberian Yedoma during the Holocene, in some regions much more than thermokarst. Strong variations in the morphology and spatial distribution of streams and valleys are observed and can be attributed to differences in the size and relief characteristics of the study areas as well as to their predominant cryolithological properties, which are also influenced by degradation of the Yedoma by thermokarst prior to thermal erosion. Investigations of recent thermo-erosional processes focused on a key area in the central Lena Delta, Kurungnakh Island. We compare and contrast discharge regimes and mass fluxes of

An estimation of the dissolved organic carbon formation and runoff to the Arctic Ocean by rivers is one of the important aims of the permafrost hydrology. The source of the historical data about organic carbon is the values of the permanganate oxidation (PO) from Roshydromet polar stations. According to historical data a mean PO value for the Lena River for 1960-1975 in Kachyug station (upstream of the river) is 9.2 mg/l, for Kusur station (downstream, near delta) – 10,9 mg/l. PO is the closest to the modern useful parameter DOC (dissolved organic concentration) but not equal. There are special local coefficients of conversation, we used an average value (DOC=0.5*PO). Based on recalculation mean annual DOC discharge for Lena, Kusur could be 91 kg/s. In the Lena River delta on Samoilovsky research station measurements of different components of carbon cycle were carried out for several years as a part of Russian-German expeditions. In August of 2012 and in July 2013 investigations at the catchment of the Fish Lake were carried out. Fish Lake is a thermokarst-polygonal lake, and the landscape of its catchment is typical for the Lena River delta. These measurements were done in order to study the income of DOC to the lake from an active layer of catchment. For this purpose the depth of the active layer and soil moisture were measured. In August 2012 the depth of the active layer was 20 to 60 cm, 20-30 cm on polygon rims and 30-60 cm in polygon centers and near the lake. For twenty days an increase of the depth ranged from 10 to 15%. Soil moisture value was 28-72%. In July 2013 the depth of active layer was from 17 to 48 cm, an increase for month was from 0 to 10%. Soil moisture value was 18-90%. In 2012 DOC concentrations in pore water ranged from 8 to 51 mg/l, and average DOC concentration in the catchment Fish Lake was 25 mg/l. Highest values were in the dry centers of the polygons. In the water objects like the polygon ponds and the Fish Lake DOC concentration was 5