668 results on '"Bobat A"'
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2. A retrospective analysis of outcomes and complications of living- and deceased-donor split-liver transplantation in Johannesburg, South Africa
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R Crawford, J Loveland, P Gaylard, J Fabian, K Kinandu, B Bobat, A Mahomed, D Parbhoo, M Beretta, S Berkenfeld, S Rambarran, F van der Schyff, L Brannigan, and B Strobele
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liver transplant ,Deceased donor organs ,Split Liver ,Liver Failure ,Living Donors ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Background. South African transplant centres are faced with significant challenges in meeting the need for liver transplantation, owing to the low and ever-decreasing number of deceased-donor organs. To increase organ utility, deceased-donor split-liver transplant (DDSLT) and living-donor liver transplant (LDLT) programmes were initiated in the Wits Transplant Unit. Objective. To evaluate outcomes of the LDLT and DDSLT programmes. Methods. A retrospective analysis of de-identified recipient and donor variables from all adult and paediatric DDSLTs and LDLTs conducted between 2013 and 2021 was performed. Comparison of categorical study variables between graft types was done with the χ2 test. Continuous variables were compared by means of the independent samples t-test. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to examine the effect of graft type on recipient and graft survival. All comparisons were made unadjusted, and adjusted for recipient age, recipient ethnicity, donor sex, and graft-weight-to-recipient-weight ratio (GWRWR) (for the paediatric cohort); and for donor age and GWRWR (for the adult cohort). Results. A total of 181 paediatric and 48 adult liver transplants have been performed since the inception of the two programmes. Chronic liver failure, specifically intra- and extrahepatic cholestatic disease, was our main indication for liver transplantation in both cohorts. There were no significant differences between the DDSLTs and LDLTs in respect of pre- or post-discharge intervention, in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and recipient or graft survival within both the paediatric and adult groups. Our overall 1- and 3-year survival estimates (95% confidence intervals) were 77% (70% - 83%) and 71% (64% - 78%) for the paediatric cohort, and 77% (62% - 87%) and 66% (50% - 78%) for the adult cohort, respectively. Conclusion. The results of this study demonstrate comparable outcomes between DDSLT and LDLT, indicating that both methods are effective approaches to optimise organ utilisation for liver transplantation within our setting.
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- 2024
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3. Wits Transplant Unit Annual Report 2022: Adult and paediatric liver transplantation
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E U Wessels, K Kinandu, M Beretta, S Berkenfeld, B Bobat, L Brannigan, R Britz, D Demopoulos, L Doedens, P Gaylard, H Maher, A Mahomed, V Mudau, D Parbhoo, S Rambarran, M Reynders, F van der Schyff, B Ströbele, J Fabian, and J Loveland
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liver transplant ,annual report ,transplantation ,liver ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
In 2022, the Wits Transplant Unit performed 57 liver transplants: 33/57 adult (58%) and 24/57 paediatric (42%) recipients. At the beginning of 2022, 28 candidates were on the adult waitlist. Forty-six candidates were added to the waitlist during the year. Sixty-five percent of waitlisted candidate were transplanted. Adult candidates remained on the waitlist for longer than previous years, with 52% of them waitlisted for less than one year before undergoing liver transplantation. There was a decrease in adult pretransplant mortality to 9% in 2021 from 25% in 2020. The most common aetiology in waitlist candidates was alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (36%) and in recipients cholestatic (primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary sclerosis (PBC)) (40%). Most adult recipients received a deceased donor graft (79%). Unadjusted recipient one- and three-year survivals were 75% (95% confidence interval (CI) 65 - 83) and 74% (95% CI 65 - 81), respectively. In the paediatric population, the most common aetiologies for both pretransplant candidates and transplant recipients remained cholestatic disease and acute liver failure. There was a decrease in paediatric pretransplant mortality from 27% in 2017 to 6% in 2021. Unlike the adult cohort, most paediatric recipients received a living donor graft (79%). Unadjusted one-year and three-year survival rates were 85% (95% CI 75 - 92) and 68% (95% CI 56 - 77), respectively.
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- 2024
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4. Pregnancy after kidney and liver transplantation
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A Wise, N E Diana, B Bobat, R T Saggers, S Bhoora, S Budhram, L Chauke, V G Lala, A Mahomed, D Mokgoko, M Seabi, B Moore, S Naidoo, R B Nyakoe, N Odell, G Paget, L Wium, and J Zamparini
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Pregnancy ,liver transplant ,kidney transplant ,high-risk obstetrics ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Pregnancy in kidney and liver transplant recipients presents unique challenges and risks for both maternal and fetal health. This article examines the management of pregnancy in kidney and liver transplant recipients, focusing on pre-pregnancy counselling, trimester-specific care, the teratogenic effects of immunosuppressive drugs, and the role of the multidisciplinary team. While South African (SA) data on this topic are limited, the Transplant Pregnancy Registry International has provided valuable insights. Despite the increased risk of maternal and fetal complications, the overall risk of graft loss during pregnancy is low. Graft survival rates are comparable between pregnant and non- pregnant transplant recipients, except for pregnancies occurring within 1 year of transplantation. By addressing the complexities of managing pregnant women with kidney or liver transplants, this article underscores the importance of tailored care and the involvement of various medical specialists. It also explores the safety of and potential complications associated with specific immunosuppressive therapies during pregnancy. Further research is needed to enhance our understanding and optimise the management of these high-risk pregnancies in SA.
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- 2024
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5. ABO-incompatible liver transplantation – exploring utilitarian solutions to restricted access and organ shortages: A single-centre experience from Johannesburg, South Africa
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E U Wessels, J Loveland, H Maher, P Gaylard, B Bobat, A D Mahomed, D Parbhoo, M R Beretta, C Hajinicolaou, P Walabh, S Berkenfeld, D Demopoulos, S Rambarran, B Ströbele, F van der Schyff, J Fabian, and L Brannigan
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liver ,transplant ,ABO-incompatible ,liver transplant ,South Africa ,adult ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Background. Liver transplantation is the definitive management for severe acute liver failure refractory to supportive management, and end- stage chronic liver failure. Owing to a shortage of deceased liver donors, South Africa requires innovative techniques to broaden the donor pool. Objectives. This study evaluated the outcomes of the Wits Transplant Unit ABO-incompatible liver transplant (ABOi-LT) programme. Methods. This retrospective record review compared all adult and paediatric patients receiving ABO-compatible (ABOc) and ABO-incompatible (ABOi) liver transplants from January 2014 to December 2021 with a minimum one-year follow-up. Primary outcomes were recipient and graft survival and secondary outcomes included vascular, enteric and biliary complications, relook surgery, acute cellular rejection (ACR) and lenghth of hospital stay. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to examine the effect of ABO-compatibility group on recipient and graft survival. The relationship between the ABO-compatibility group and categorical outcomes was assessed by binomial regression. Results. During the study period, 532 liver transplants were performed; 44/532 (8%) were ABOi of which 14/44 (32%) were paediatric and 30/44 (68%) adult recipients. Within the pediatric group, the proportion of transplants performed for acute liver failure was significantly higher in the ABOi group (7/14; 50%) compared with the ABOc group (33/207; 16%) (p=0.005). Comparable recipient and graft survival estimates were noted: one-, three- and five-year recipient survival in the ABOi group was 77% (95% confidence interval (CI) 44 - 92), 58% (95% CI 17 - 84) and 58% (95% CI 17 - 84) respectively. There were significantly increased relative risks of relook surgery for the ABOi group compared with the ABOc group, both overall (relative risk (RR) 1.74; 95% CI 1.10 - 2.75) and at 90 days (RR 2.28; 95% CI 1.27 - 4.11); and also, for pre-discharge bloodstream infection (BSI), (RR 1.84; 95% CI 1.11 - 3.06). In adults, there were significantly more acute indications for liver transplantation in the ABOi (10/30; 33%) compared with the ABOc group (26/281; 9%) (p=0.0007) with the most common cause being drug or toxin ingestion (16/36; 44%). For the ABOi group, recipient survival estimates (95% CI) at 1, 3 and 5 years were 71% (50 - 84), 63% (41 - 78) and 58% (37 - 75) which, as noted with complication rates, were similar between ABO groups. Conclusion. This study confirms ABOi-LT as a feasible option to increase the liver donor pool in this organ-depleted setting as recipient survival and complication rates were similar between ABO-compatibility groups.
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- 2024
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6. Obesity is South Africa’s new HIV epidemic
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Nomathemba Chandiwana, Willem Venter, Jennifer Manne-Goehler, Alisha Wade, Carel le Roux, Nzama Mbalati, Angelika Grimbeek, Petronell Kruger, Eunice Montsho, Zukiswa Zimela, Anele Yawa, Sibongile Tshabalala, Ndivhuwo Rambau, Ngqabutho Mpofu, Sasha Stevenson, Bridget McNulty, Ntobeko Ntusi, Yogan Pillay, Joel Dave, Angela Murphy, Sue Goldstein, Karen Hfman, Sameera Mahomedy, Elizabeth Thomas, Busi Mrara, Jeff Wing, Jeanne Lubbe, Zack Koto, Marli Conradie-Smit, Sean Wharton, Wayne May, Ian Marr, Hilton Kaplan, Mariam Forgan, Graham Alexander, John Turner, V R Fourie, Jocelyn Hellig, Mandy Banks, Kim Ragsdale, Marisa Noeth, Farzahna Mohamed, Landon Myer, Limakatso Lebina, Salome Maswime, Yunus Moosa, Sumy Thomas, Mzamo Mbelle, Phumla Sinxadi, Linda-Gail Bekker, Sindeep Bhana, June Fabian, Eric Decloedt, Zaheer Bayat, Reyna Daya, Bilal Bobat, Fiona Storie, Julia Goedecke, Kathleen Kahn, Stephen Tollman, Brett Mansfield, Mark Siedner, Vincent Marconi, Aaloke Mody, Ntombifikile Mtshali, Elvin Geng, Suman Srinivasa, Mohammed Ali, Samanta Lalla-Edwards, Alison Bentley, Gustaaf Wolvaardt, Andrew Hill, and Jeremy Nel
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Obesity, HIV ,Healthy food ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Published
- 2024
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7. Plastic pollution on the world’s coral reefs
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Pinheiro, Hudson T., MacDonald, Chancey, Santos, Robson G., Ali, Ramadhoine, Bobat, Ayesha, Cresswell, Benjamin J., Francini-Filho, Ronaldo, Freitas, Rui, Galbraith, Gemma F., Musembi, Peter, Phelps, Tyler A., Quimbayo, Juan P., Quiros, T. E. Angela L., Shepherd, Bart, Stefanoudis, Paris V., Talma, Sheena, Teixeira, João B., Woodall, Lucy C., and Rocha, Luiz A.
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- 2023
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8. Using the GRADE evidence to decision framework to reach recommendations together with ethnic minority community organizations: the example of COVID-19 vaccine uptake in the United Kingdom
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Brazzelli, Miriam, Cruikshank, Moira, Inamura, Mari, Manson, Paul, Robertson, Clare, Treweek, Shaun, Crosse, Annette, Sunga, Ria, Rishi, Ash, Rishi, Katie, Isaacs, Talia, Kwaku-Odoi, Charles, Bobat, Mohamed (Hanif), Rauf, A., Abdullahi, Sundus Abshir, Durham, Ceri, Mistry, Kirit, Forde, Davine, Akhtar, Azizzum, Mutumburi, Phanuel, Banday, Shabir, Cueva, Susan, and Daga, Sunil
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- 2024
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9. Comment on ‘visual snow syndrome and migraine: a review’
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Bobat, Hannaa, Healy, David, and Lochhead, Jonathan
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- 2024
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10. Managing cirrhosis with limited resources: perspectives from sub-Saharan Africa
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Sonderup, Mark W, Kamath, Patrick S, Awuku, Yaw A, Desalegn, Hailemichael, Gogela, Neliswa, Katsidzira, Leolin, Tzeuton, Christian, Bobat, Bilal, Kassianides, Chris, and Spearman, C Wendy
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- 2024
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11. Author Correction: Plastic pollution on the world’s coral reefs
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Pinheiro, Hudson T., MacDonald, Chancey, Santos, Robson G., Ali, Ramadhoine, Bobat, Ayesha, Cresswell, Benjamin J., Francini-Filho, Ronaldo, Freitas, Rui, Galbraith, Gemma F., Musembi, Peter, Phelps, Tyler A., Quimbayo, Juan P., Quiros, T. E. Angela L., Shepherd, Bart, Stefanoudis, Paris V., Talma, Sheena, Teixeira, João B., Woodall, Lucy C., and Rocha, Luiz A.
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- 2023
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12. Clinical Manifestations
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Bobat, Raziya and Bobat, Raziya, editor
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- 2020
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13. Transmission and Immunopathogenesis
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Bobat, Raziya, Pillay, Ashendri, and Bobat, Raziya, editor
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- 2020
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14. Efficacy and safety of the CVnCoV SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine candidate in ten countries in Europe and Latin America (HERALD): a randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2b/3 trial
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Lovesio, Luciano, Diez, Fabián, Grazziani, Franco, Ganaha, Maria Cristina, Zalatnik, Viviana Judith, Dittrich, Ricardo Julio, Espínola, Lidia, Lambert, Sandra, Longhi, Andrea, Vecchio, Claudia, Mastruzzo, María, Fernandez, Alberto, Borchowiek, Silvina, Potito, Roberto, Ahuad Guerrero, Rodolfo Andres, Guardiani, Fernando Martin, Castella, Sofia, Foccoli, Monica, Pedernera, Aldana, Braida, Ariel, Durigan, Virginia, Martella, Carolina, Bobat, Antonela, Boggia, Bruno Emilio, Nemi, Sergio Andrés, Tartaglione, Javier Gerardo, Piedimonte, Fabián César, De Bie, Jessie, Reynales Londoño, Humberto, Rodríguez Ordoñez, Paula Andrea, García Cruz, Johanna Marcela, Bautista Toloza, Leonardo, Ladino González, Margot Cecilia, Zambrano Ochoa, Adriana Pilar, Prieto Pradera, Iñigo, Torres Hernandez, Daniela, Mazo Elorza, Diana Patricia, Collazos Lennis, Maria Fernanda, Vanegas Dominguez, Beatriz, Solano Mosquera, Lina Marianur, Fendel, Rolf, Fleischmann, Wim Alexander, Koehne, Erik, Kreidenweiss, Andrea, Köhler, Carsten, Esen, Meral, Horn, Carola, Eberts, Sandra, Kroidl, Arne, Huber, Kristina, Thiel, Verena, Mazara Rosario, Sonia, Reyes, Gilda, Rivera, Laura, Donastorg, Yeycy, Lantigua, Flavia, Torres Almanzar, Dania, Candelario, Rosalba, Peña Mendez, Lourdes, Rosario Gomez, Nadia, Portolés-Pérez, Antonio, Ascaso del Río, Ana, Laredo Velasco, Leonor, Bustinduy Odriozola, Maria Jesus, Larrea Arranz, Igor, Martínez Alcorta, Luis Ignacio, Durán Laviña, María Isabel, Imaz-Ayo, Natale, Meijide, Susana, García-de-Vicuña, Aitor, Santorcuato, Ana, Gallego, Mikel, Aguirre-García, Gloria Mayela, Olmos Vega, Jocelyn, González Limón, Pablo, Vázquez Villar, Andrea, Chávez Barón, Jaime, Arredondo Saldaña, Felipe, Luján Palacios, Juan de Dios, Camacho Choza, Laura Julia, Vázquez Saldaña, Eduardo Gabriel, Ortega Dominguez, Sandra Janeth, Vega Orozco, Karen Sofia, Torres Quiroz, Ivonne Aimee, Martinez Avendaño, Alejandro, Herrera Sanchez, Javier, Guzman, Esperanza, Castro Castrezana, Laura, Ruiz Palacios y Santos, Guillermo Miguel, de Winter, Ronald Frank Jacobus, de Jonge, Hanna K, Schnyder, Jenny L, Boersma, Wim, Hessels, Lisa, Djamin, Remco, van der Sar, Simone, DeAntonio, Rodrigo, Peña, Moisés, Rebollon, Gabriel, Rojas, Marianela, Escobar, Johnny, Hammerschlag Icaza, Bruno, Wong T, Digna Y, Barrera Perigault, Paulo, Ruiz, Sergio, Chan, Milagros, Arias Hoo, Dommie Janneth, Gil, Ana I, Celis, Carlos R, Balmaceda, Maria Pia, Flores, Omar, Ochoa, Mayra, Peña, Bia, de la Flor, Carolina, Webb, Camille María, Cornejo, Enrique, Sanes, Fatima, Mayorga, Valerie, Valdiviezo, Gladys, Ramírez Lamas, Suzanne Pamela, Grandez Castillo, Gustavo Alberto, Lama, Javier R, Matta Aguirre, Milagros Erika, Arancibia Luna, Lesly Angela, Carbajal Paulet, Óscar, Zambrano Ortiz, José, Camara, Anais, Guzman Quintanilla, Fernanda, Diaz-Parra, Carmen, Morales-Oliva, Jose, Cornejo, Rubelio E, Ricalde, Sheby A, Vidal, Jhonny, Rios Nogales, Luis, Cheatham-Seitz, Darline, Gregoraci, Giorgia, Brecx, Alain, Walz, Lisa, Vahrenhorst, Dominik, Seibel, Tobias, Quintini, Gianluca, Kremsner, Peter G, Ahuad Guerrero, Rodolfo Andrés, Arana-Arri, Eunate, Aroca Martinez, Gustavo Jose, Bonten, Marc, Chandler, Reynaldo, Corral, Gonzalo, De Block, Eddie Jan Louis, Ecker, Lucie, Gabor, Julian Justin, Garcia Lopez, Carlos Alberto, Gonzales, Lucy, Granados González, María Angélica, Gorini, Nestor, Grobusch, Martin P, Hrabar, Adrian D, Junker, Helga, Kimura, Alan, Lanata, Claudio F, Lehmann, Clara, Leroux-Roels, Isabel, Mann, Philipp, Martinez-Reséndez, Michel Fernando, Ochoa, Theresa J, Poy, Carlos Alberto, Reyes Fentanes, Maria Jose, Rivera Mejia, Luis Maria, Ruiz Herrera, Vida Veronica, Sáez-Llorens, Xavier, Schönborn-Kellenberger, Oliver, Schunk, Mirjam, Sierra Garcia, Alexandra, Vergara, Itziar, Verstraeten, Thomas, Vico, Marisa, and Oostvogels, Lidia
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- 2022
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15. Epidemiology, risk factors, social determinants of health, and current management for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in sub-Saharan Africa
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Spearman, C Wendy, Afihene, Mary, Betiku, Omolade, Bobat, Bilal, Cunha, Lina, Kassianides, Chris, Katsidzira, Leolin, Mekonnen, Hailemichael D, Ocama, Ponsiano, Ojo, Olusegun, Paruk, Imran, Tzeuton, Christian, and Sonderup, Mark W
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- 2021
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16. A retrospective analysis of outcomes and complications of living- and deceased-donor split-liver transplantation in Johannesburg, South Africa
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Crawford, R, primary, Loveland, J, additional, Gaylard, P, additional, Fabian, J, additional, Kinandu, K, additional, Bobat, B, additional, Mahomed, A, additional, Parbhoo, D, additional, Beretta, M, additional, Berkenfeld, S, additional, Rambarran, S, additional, Van der Schyff, F, additional, Brannigan, L, additional, and Strobele, B, additional
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- 2024
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17. Pregnancy after kidney and liver transplantation
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Wise, A, primary, Diana, N E, additional, Bobat, B, additional, Saggers, R T, additional, Bhoora, S, additional, Budhram, S, additional, Chauke, L, additional, Lala, V G, additional, Mahomed, A, additional, Mokgoko, D, additional, Seabi, M, additional, Moore, B, additional, Naidoo, S, additional, Nyakoe, R B, additional, Odell, N, additional, Paget, G, additional, Wium, L, additional, and Zamparini, J, additional
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- 2024
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18. ABO-incompatible liver transplantation – exploring utilitarian solutions to restricted access and organ shortages: A single-centre experience from Johannesburg, South Africa
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Wessels, E U, primary, Loveland, J, additional, Maher, H, additional, Gaylard, P, additional, Bobat, B, additional, Mahomed, A D, additional, Parbhoo, D, additional, Beretta, M R, additional, Hajinicolaou, C, additional, Walabh, P, additional, Berkenfeld, S, additional, Demopoulos, D, additional, Rambarran, S, additional, Ströbele, B, additional, Van der Schyff, F, additional, Fabian, J, additional, and Brannigan, L, additional
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- 2024
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19. Obesity is South Africa’s new HIV epidemic
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Chandiwana, Nomathemba, primary, Venter, Willem, additional, Manne-Goehler, Jennifer, additional, Wade, Alisha, additional, Le Roux, Carel, additional, Mbalati, Nzama, additional, Grimbeek, Angelika, additional, Kruger, Petronell, additional, Montsho, Eunice, additional, Zimela, Zukiswa, additional, Yawa, Anele, additional, Tshabalala, Sibongile, additional, Rambau, Ndivhuwo, additional, Mpofu, Ngqabutho, additional, Stevenson, Sasha, additional, McNulty, Bridget, additional, Ntusi, Ntobeko, additional, Pillay, Yogan, additional, Dave, Joel, additional, Murphy, Angela, additional, Goldstein, Sue, additional, Hfman, Karen, additional, Mahomedy, Sameera, additional, Thomas, Elizabeth, additional, Mrara, Busi, additional, Wing, Jeff, additional, Lubbe, Jeanne, additional, Koto, Zack, additional, Conradie-Smit, Marli, additional, Wharton, Sean, additional, May, Wayne, additional, Marr, Ian, additional, Kaplan, Hilton, additional, Forgan, Mariam, additional, Alexander, Graham, additional, Turner, John, additional, Fourie, V R, additional, Hellig, Jocelyn, additional, Banks, Mandy, additional, Ragsdale, Kim, additional, Noeth, Marisa, additional, Mohamed, Farzahna, additional, Myer, Landon, additional, Lebina, Limakatso, additional, Maswime, Salome, additional, Moosa, Yunus, additional, Thomas, Sumy, additional, Mbelle, Mzamo, additional, Sinxadi, Phumla, additional, Bekker, Linda-Gail, additional, Bhana, Sindeep, additional, Fabian, June, additional, Decloedt, Eric, additional, Bayat, Zaheer, additional, Daya, Reyna, additional, Bobat, Bilal, additional, Storie, Fiona, additional, Goedecke, Julia, additional, Kahn, Kathleen, additional, Tollman, Stephen, additional, Mansfield, Brett, additional, Siedner, Mark, additional, Marconi, Vincent, additional, Mody, Aaloke, additional, Mtshali, Ntombifikile, additional, Geng, Elvin, additional, Srinivasa, Suman, additional, Ali, Mohammed, additional, Lalla-Edwards, Samanta, additional, Bentley, Alison, additional, Wolvaardt, Gustaaf, additional, Hill, Andrew, additional, and Nel, Jeremy, additional
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- 2024
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20. Comment on: ‘Patients with unexplained neurological symptoms and signs should be screened for vitamin B12 deficiency regardless of haemoglobin levels’
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Bobat, Hannaa, Akyol, Mehmet, and Moradi, Phillip
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- 2023
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21. Ocular disease in active chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a candidate for glaucoma screening?
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Bobat, Hannaa, Hunter, Guy, Sawant, Rohan, Lockwood, Alastair, and Lochhead, Jonathan
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- 2023
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22. Viral hepatitis B and C in HIV-exposed South African infants
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Cynthia Tamandjou Tchuem, Mark Fredric Cotton, Etienne Nel, Richard Tedder, Wolfgang Preiser, Avy Violari, Raziya Bobat, Laura Hovind, Lisa Aaron, Grace Montepiedra, Charles Mitchell, and Monique Ingrid Andersson
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Hepatitis B virus ,HIV ,Hepatitis C virus ,Infants ,South Africa ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Abstract Background Whilst much attention is given to eliminating HIV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), little has been done to ensure the same for hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission. The introduction of HBV immunization at six weeks of age has reduced HBV horizontal transmission in South Africa. However, in order to eliminate HBV MTCT, further interventions are needed. The risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) MTCT in HIV-infected (HIV+) African women is not yet well described. This study aimed to determine the rate of HBV and HCV vertical transmission in HIV-exposed infants in South Africa. Methods Serum samples from infants enrolled in an isoniazid prevention study (P1041) were screened for HBV and HCV serology markers; screening was performed on samples collected at approximately 60 weeks of age of the infants. HBV DNA was quantified in HBsAg positive samples and HBV strains characterized through gene sequencing. All HCV antibody samples with inconclusive results underwent molecular testing. Results Three of 821 infants were positive for both HBsAg and HBV DNA. All HBV strains belonged to HBV sub-genotype A1. The rtM204I mutation associated with lamivudine resistance was identified in one infant, a second infant harboured the double A1762T/G1764A BCP mutation. Phylogenetic analysis showed clustering between mother and infant viral genomic sequences. Twenty-one of 821 HIV-exposed infants tested had inconclusive HCV antibody results, none were HCV PCR positive. Conclusions This study suggests that HBV vertical transmission is likely to be occurring in HIV-exposed infants in South Africa.. A more robust strategy of HBV prevention, including birth dose vaccination, is required to eradicate HBV MTCT. HCV infection was not detected.
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- 2020
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23. Viral MicroRNAs in Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Pathobiology
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Naqvi, Raza Ali, primary, Valverde, Araceli, additional, Yadavalli, Tejabhiram, additional, Bobat, Fatima Ismail, additional, Capistrano, Kristelle J., additional, Shukla, Deepak, additional, and Naqvi, Afsar R., additional
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- 2024
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24. Benefits and Risks of Antiretroviral Therapy for Perinatal HIV Prevention
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Fowler, Mary G, Qin, Min, Fiscus, Susan A, Currier, Judith S, Flynn, Patricia M, Chipato, Tsungai, McIntyre, James, Gnanashanmugam, Devasena, Siberry, George K, Coletti, Anne S, Taha, Taha E, Klingman, Karin L, Martinson, Francis E, Owor, Maxensia, Violari, Avy, Moodley, Dhayendre, Theron, Gerhard B, Bhosale, Ramesh, Bobat, Raziya, Chi, Benjamin H, Strehlau, Renate, Mlay, Pendo, Loftis, Amy J, Browning, Renee, Fenton, Terence, Purdue, Lynette, Basar, Michael, Shapiro, David E, and Mofenson, Lynne M
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Reproductive Medicine ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Infant Mortality ,Clinical Research ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Preterm ,Low Birth Weight and Health of the Newborn ,Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period ,Pediatric ,Prevention ,HIV/AIDS ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Reproductive health and childbirth ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Black or African American ,Anti-Retroviral Agents ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,Drug Therapy ,Combination ,Female ,Gestational Age ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Infant ,Infant ,Low Birth Weight ,Infant ,Newborn ,Infant ,Premature ,Infectious Disease Transmission ,Vertical ,Nevirapine ,Perinatal Care ,Pregnancy ,Pregnancy Outcome ,Tenofovir ,Young Adult ,Zidovudine ,IMPAACT 1077BF/1077FF PROMISE Study Team ,Medical and Health Sciences ,General & Internal Medicine ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
BackgroundRandomized-trial data on the risks and benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART) as compared with zidovudine and single-dose nevirapine to prevent transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in HIV-infected pregnant women with high CD4 counts are lacking.MethodsWe randomly assigned HIV-infected women at 14 or more weeks of gestation with CD4 counts of at least 350 cells per cubic millimeter to zidovudine and single-dose nevirapine plus a 1-to-2-week postpartum "tail" of tenofovir and emtricitabine (zidovudine alone); zidovudine, lamivudine, and lopinavir-ritonavir (zidovudine-based ART); or tenofovir, emtricitabine, and lopinavir-ritonavir (tenofovir-based ART). The primary outcomes were HIV transmission at 1 week of age in the infant and maternal and infant safety.ResultsThe median CD4 count was 530 cells per cubic millimeter among 3490 primarily black African HIV-infected women enrolled at a median of 26 weeks of gestation (interquartile range, 21 to 30). The rate of transmission was significantly lower with ART than with zidovudine alone (0.5% in the combined ART groups vs. 1.8%; difference, -1.3 percentage points; repeated confidence interval, -2.1 to -0.4). However, the rate of maternal grade 2 to 4 adverse events was significantly higher with zidovudine-based ART than with zidovudine alone (21.1% vs. 17.3%, P=0.008), and the rate of grade 2 to 4 abnormal blood chemical values was higher with tenofovir-based ART than with zidovudine alone (2.9% vs. 0.8%, P=0.03). Adverse events did not differ significantly between the ART groups (P>0.99). A birth weight of less than 2500 g was more frequent with zidovudine-based ART than with zidovudine alone (23.0% vs. 12.0%, P
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- 2016
25. Outer membrane protein size and LPS O-antigen define protective antibody targeting to the Salmonella surface
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C. Coral Domínguez-Medina, Marisol Pérez-Toledo, Anna E. Schager, Jennifer L. Marshall, Charlotte N. Cook, Saeeda Bobat, Hyea Hwang, Byeong Jae Chun, Erin Logan, Jack A. Bryant, Will M. Channell, Faye C. Morris, Sian E. Jossi, Areej Alshayea, Amanda E. Rossiter, Paul A. Barrow, William G. Horsnell, Calman A. MacLennan, Ian R. Henderson, Jeremy H. Lakey, James C. Gumbart, Constantino López-Macías, Vassiliy N. Bavro, and Adam F. Cunningham
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Science - Abstract
The O-antigen of LPS is known to limit the binding of antibody to bacterial surface antigens. Here the AUs show that the chemical and physical structure of the O-antigen are central factors in limiting the exposure of surface antigens to antibodies during Salmonella infection, thus defining their protective qualities.
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- 2020
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26. My paediatric infectious diseases journey
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Raziya A. Bobat
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fidssa ,wisdom series ,career history ,personal and professional perspective ,paediatric ,infectious diseases ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract not available.
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- 2022
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27. Aetiology and prognosis of community-acquired pneumonia at the Adult University Teaching Hospital in Zambia.
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L M Ziko, T W Hoffman, S Fwoloshi, D Chanda, Y M Nampungwe, D Patel, H Bobat, A Moonga, L Chirwa, L Hachaambwa, and K J Mateyo
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BackgroundCommunity-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a frequent cause of death worldwide, and in sub-Saharan Africa particularly. Human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) influence pathogen distribution in patients with CAP. Previous studies in sub-Saharan Africa have shown different frequencies of respiratory pathogens and antibiotic susceptibility compared to studies outside Africa. This study aimed to investigate the aetiology, presentation, and treatment outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia in adults at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia.Materials and methodsThree-hundred-and-twenty-seven patients were enrolled at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka between March 2018 and December 2018. Clinical characteristics and laboratory data were collected. Sputum samples were tested by microscopy, other TB diagnostics, and bacterial cultures.ResultsThe commonest presenting complaint was cough (96%), followed by chest pain (60.6%), fever (59.3%), and breathlessness (58.4%). The most common finding on auscultation of the lungs was chest crackles (51.7%). Seventy percent of the study participants had complaints lasting at least a week before enrolment. The prevalence of HIV was 71%. Sputum samples were tested for 286 patients. The diagnostic yield was 59%. The most common isolate was Mycobacterium tuberculosis (20%), followed by Candida species (18%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7%). Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated in only four patients. There were no statistically significant differences between the rates of specific pathogens identified in HIV-infected patients compared with the HIV-uninfected. Thirty-day mortality was 30%. Patients with TB had higher 30-day mortality than patients without TB (p = 0.047).ConclusionMycobacterium tuberculosis was the most common cause of CAP isolated in adults at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. Gram-negative organisms were frequently isolated. A high mortality rate was observed, as 30% of the followed-up study population had died after 30 days.
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- 2022
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28. The Gambia National Eye Health Survey 2019: survey protocol [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]
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Abba Hydara, Andrew Bastawrous, Suzannah Bell, Dorothy Boggs, Tess Bright, Hannaa Bobat, Julian Eaton, Hannah Faal, Modou Jobe, Min J. Kim, Ben Kirkpatrick, Ian McCormick, John Atta Okoh, Segun Isaac Olaniyan, Andrew M. Prentice, Jacqueline Ramke, Ruth Taylor, Matthew Burton, and Islay Mactaggart
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Two national surveys of vision impairment and blindness were undertaken in The Gambia in 1986 and 1996. These provided data for the inception of The Gambia’s National Eye Health Programme (NEHP) within the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare. There have been important developments in the eye health services provided by the NEHP in the last 20 years. At the same time, the population has also undergone major demographic changes that may have led to substantial changes in the burden of eye disease. We conducted a National Eye Health Survey of vision impairment, blindness and its comorbidities in adults in The Gambia in 2019. We examined a nationally representative population-based sample of adults 35 years and above to permit direct comparison with the data available from the previous surveys. Alongside a comprehensive vision and eye examination, the survey provides nationally representative data on important comorbidities in this population: diabetes, hypertension, obesity, hearing impairment, disability and mental health. Secondly, it estimates access to assistive technologies and eye health services. Thirdly, it is powered to allow a five-year follow up cohort study to measure the incidence and progression of eye disease.
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- 2021
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29. Metronidazole-induced encephalopathy
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Vikash G. Lala, Bilal Bobat, Mark Haagensen, Prakash Kathan, and Adam Mahomed
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metronidazole ,metronidazole-induced cerebellar ataxia ,metronidazole-induced neurotoxicity ,metronidazole adverse events ,metronidazole-induced encephalopathy ,dentate nucleus lesions ,splenium lesions ,corpus callosum lesions ,Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 - Abstract
Metronidazole is a widely used antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent for a number of conditions. Whilst its more common gastrointestinal side effects are well known, neurotoxicity remains under-recognised. Both central and peripheral neurological side effects have been described. This report describes a case of radiologically confirmed metronidazole-induced cerebellar ataxia in a cirrhotic patient with a review of the literature. Awareness of this side effect is essential for prompt recognition as early drug withdrawal leads to resolution in the majority of cases.
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- 2021
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30. HIV Infection
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Bobat, Raziya, Archary, Moherndran, and Green, Robin J., editor
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- 2017
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31. Characterising the immune response to Salmonella and Salmonella surface antigens during a systemic infection
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Bobat, Saeeda
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616.9 ,QR180 Immunology ,QR Microbiology - Abstract
Immunity to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm) is complex and requires both cell mediated and humoral immunity at different stages of infection. In infants in sub-Saharan Africa infection with non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS), such as STm, can commonly cause fatal invasive disease. Evidence indicates that disease may be preventable by antibody, which makes vaccine development against these devastating infections a promising option. This work has explored the cell-mediated and humoral response to STm and its component antigens, their intrinsic properties, and capacity to act as protective immunogens in a mouse model. In particular, responses to surface exposed structures such as the outer membrane proteins (Omps) and the flagellar protein FliC, which are potent, immunodominant antigens and frequent targets of antibody, that may offer potential as vaccine candidates have been examined. Immunisation with soluble flagellin (sFliC) induces a potent Th2 response. Despite this, immunisation with sFliC results in accelerated clearance of STm after the first week of infection in an antibody independent, but T-bet-regulated manner. This suggests that the Th2 responses to flagellin are flexible since they can promote Th1 mediated clearance of STm. This moderate protection conferred by sFliC contrasts with the potent benefit conferred by porins. These proteins induce, and can mediate protection through a T-independent B1b cell population. In particular, antibody to OmpD is key for this protection. These results suggest that vaccines that induce protective antibody to STm may be more effective than vaccines that induce T cell-mediated protection, since they reduce bacterial numbers at the earliest stages of infection. Lastly, experiments using N. brasiliensis show that infectious history can impact on the host’s ability to control primary STm infection and the efficacy of antibody-mediated protection against infection. These projects further our understanding of the relationship between host and pathogen and the mechanisms used to control infection, but also identify the need to consider the impact of infectious history on the host’s capacity to implement protective immunity.
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- 2011
32. Essential thrombocythaemia first presenting as myocardial infarction in a 36-year-old male
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Paul Dunne and Shahid Bobat
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Chest Pain ,Myocardial Infarction ,Scars ,Coronary Artery Disease ,Chest pain ,Coronary Angiography ,Coronary artery disease ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Myocardial infarction ,Myeloproliferative neoplasm ,biology ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Troponin ,Thrombosis ,Cardiology ,biology.protein ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Myopericarditis ,Thrombocythemia, Essential - Abstract
Essential thrombocythaemia (ET) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm where there is a clonal proliferation of thrombocytes. Whilst most often diagnosed incidentally, it can uncommonly present with arterial thrombosis. This is a case presentation of a 36-year-old male who was diagnosed with ET following myocardial infarction caused by multiple thrombotic emboli. The patient was initially misdiagnosed with viral myopericarditis based on an atypical history of chest pain with a viral prodrome. Reattendance a month later with further chest pain, dynamically raised troponin and ECG changes raised suspicions of ACS. Analysis of blood markers from both admissions showed consistently elevated platelet counts. A CMR scan revealed focal ischaemic scars in multiple cardiac segments consistent with an acute coronary event or coronary embolisation. A subsequent coronary angiography demonstrated minimal coronary artery disease. JAK2 gene V617F mutation was detected, confirming ET. The patient was commenced on pegylated interferon-alpha and dual antiplatelet therapy, and discharged with follow-up.
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- 2023
33. Viral hepatitis B and C in HIV-exposed South African infants
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Tamandjou Tchuem, Cynthia, Cotton, Mark Fredric, Nel, Etienne, Tedder, Richard, Preiser, Wolfgang, Violari, Avy, Bobat, Raziya, Hovind, Laura, Aaron, Lisa, Montepiedra, Grace, Mitchell, Charles, and Andersson, Monique Ingrid
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- 2020
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34. Representation and methods of normalisation: Narratives of disability within a South African tertiary institution
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Taegan Devar, Shaida Bobat, and Shanya Reuben
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swd ,normalisation ,narratives ,social constructionism ,higher education institutions ,Vocational rehabilitation. Employment of people with disabilities ,HD7255-7256 ,Communities. Classes. Races ,HT51-1595 - Abstract
Background: The manner in which disability is understood influences how individuals within a society, its institutions, policies and structures are able to accommodate and support people with disabilities (PWD) (Kaplan 2000). Understanding how students with disabilities (SWD) within a higher education context perceive and experience disability as well as how key players, namely, lecturers and disability unit (DU) staff, who influence that experience, is important in further shaping policy and providing a truly inclusive environment for all within HEIs. Objectives: The study aimed to examine the narratives of disability among SWD, lecturers and the DU within a tertiary institution, with a view to better understand their experiences and required initiatives to address the challenges of disability within a higher tertiary institution. Method: The study drew on three theoretical frameworks: social constructionism, feminist disability theory and the Foucauldian perspective. Data for the study were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 12 SWD, seven members of staff from the institution’s DU and five lecturers from within the School of Applied Human Sciences. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: The findings suggested that in spite of both facilitating and positive representations of disability, the dominant representation of disability was perceived as challenging and as a result, disempowering. Students with disabilities were found to adapt, and consequently modify their behaviour by disassociating from their disability in order to fit in. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for creating spaces and engagement within an HEI context that both challenge negative discourses of disability, and at the same time, promote positive representations of disability.
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- 2020
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35. Adult liver transplantation in Johannesburg South Africa 2004 2016: Balancing good outcomes constrained resources and limited donors
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J Fabian, E Song, P Boshoff, H Maher, P Gaylard, A Bentley, M Hale, S Ngwenya, H Etheredge, A Mahomed, B Bobat, B Strobele, J Loveland, R Britz, and J Botha
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Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Background. Liver transplantation is the standard of care for the treatment of liver failure worldwide, yet millions of people living in sub-Saharan Africa remain without access to these services. South Africa (SA) has two liver transplant centres, one in Cape Town and the other in Johannesburg, where Wits Donald Gordon Medical Centre (WDGMC) started an adult liver transplant programme in 2004.Objectives. To describe the outcomes of the adult liver transplant programme at WDGMC.Methods. This was a retrospective review of all adult orthotopic liver transplants performed at WDGMC from 16 August 2004 to 30 June 2016 with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. The primary outcome was recipient and graft survival and the effect of covariates on survival. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis included all adults who underwent their first transplant for end-stage liver disease (ESLD) (N=275). Proportional hazards regression analysis using hazard ratios (HRs) was conducted to determine which covariates were associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality.Results. A total of 297 deceased-donor liver transplants were performed during the study period; 19/297 (6.4%) were for acute liver failure (ALF) and the remainder were for ESLD. The median age of recipients was 51 years (interquartile range 41 - 59), and two-thirds were male. The most common cause of ESLD was primary sclerosing cholangitis. The median follow-up was 3.2 years, and recipient survival was characterised in the following intervals: 90 days = 87.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 83.1 - 91.0), 1 year = 81.7% (95% CI 76.6 - 85.8), and 5 years = 71.0% (95% CI 64.5 - 76.5). Allograft survival was similar: 90 days = 85.8% (95% CI 81.1 - 89.4), 1 year = 81.0% (95% CI 75.8 - 85.2), and 5 years = 69.1% (95% CI 62.6 - 74.7). The most significant covariates that impacted on mortality were postoperative biliary leaks (HR 2.0 (95% CI 1.05 - 3.80)), recipient age >60 years at time of transplant (HR 2.06 (95% CI 1.06 - 3.99)), theatre time >8  hours (HR 3.13 (95% CI 1.79 - 5.48)), and hepatic artery thrombosis (HR 5.58 (95% CI 3.09 - 10.08)). The most common infectious cause of death was invasive fungal infection.Conclusions. This study demonstrates that outcomes of the adult orthotopic liver transplant programme at WDGMC are comparable with international transplant centres. Management of biliary complications, early hepatic artery thrombosis and post-transplant infections needs to be improved. Access to liver transplantation services is still extremely limited, but can be improved by addressing the national shortage of deceased donors and establishing a national regulatory body for solid-organ transplantation in SA.Â
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- 2018
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36. Outer membrane protein size and LPS O-antigen define protective antibody targeting to the Salmonella surface
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Domínguez-Medina, C. Coral, Pérez-Toledo, Marisol, Schager, Anna E., Marshall, Jennifer L., Cook, Charlotte N., Bobat, Saeeda, Hwang, Hyea, Chun, Byeong Jae, Logan, Erin, Bryant, Jack A., Channell, Will M., Morris, Faye C., Jossi, Sian E., Alshayea, Areej, Rossiter, Amanda E., Barrow, Paul A., Horsnell, William G., MacLennan, Calman A., Henderson, Ian R., Lakey, Jeremy H., Gumbart, James C., López-Macías, Constantino, Bavro, Vassiliy N., and Cunningham, Adam F.
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- 2020
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37. HYDROELECTRIC POWER OVERVIEW IN 2021 OF TURKEY
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Alaeddin Bobat
- Abstract
Hydroelectric power together with other renewables already accounts for about 50% of electricity demand, and there is much additional potential for growth. Turkey’s electric power demand has been developing steadily, averaging 8-10 % annual growth over the past 20 years. Turkey is rapidly growing in terms of both its economy and its population. In parallel, its demand for energy, particularly for electricity, is increasing fast. Turkey’s hydraulic potential is 55,000 MW, and the share of hydraulic installed power has reached 31.647 MW from 11,175 MW in 2000 as of 31 December 2021. According to the Strategic Plan of the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources for 2019-2023, while the total installed capacity will be about 32.9% in 2023, but this figure has already been reached.In cooperation with the public - private sector, 743 Hydroelectric Power Plants (public +private) with an installed capacity of 31.647 MW and a power generation potential of 108.932 GWh/year have been completed and put into service. Construction of those made by the public from these facilities is carried out by the DSI (State Hydraulic Works) and their operation is transferred to EUAS (Electricity Generation Corporation), while those made by the private sector, except for the EMRA license, other (water Use agreement, project, construction, water structures acceptance, etc.) operations are performed by DSI. From 743 facilities; 68 plants with an installed power of 13.766 MW with a power generation potential of 49 GWh/year by DSI; 675 plants with an installed power of 17.881 MW and a power generation potential of 60 GWh/year were built by the private sector and put into operation. This study aims to overview the status of hydropower in 2021 data of Turkey.
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- 2022
38. Global multi-stakeholder endorsement of the MAFLD definition
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Mendez-Sanchez, N, Bugianesi, E, Gish, R, Lammert, F, Tilg, H, Nguyen, M, Sarin, S, Fabrellas, N, Zelber-Sagi, S, Fan, J, Shiha, G, Targher, G, Zheng, M, Chan, W, Vinker, S, Kawaguchi, T, Castera, L, Yilmaz, Y, Korenjak, M, Spearman, C, Ungan, M, Palmer, M, El-Shabrawi, M, Gruss, H, Dufour, J, Dhawan, A, Wedemeyer, H, George, J, Valenti, L, Fouad, Y, Romero-Gomez, M, Eslam, M, Abate, M, Abbas, B, Abbassy, A, Abd El Ghany, W, Abd Elkhalek, A, Abd ElMajeed, E, Abdalgaber, M, Abdallah, M, Abdallah, N, Abdelaleem, S, Abdelghani, Y, Abdelghany, W, Abdelhalim, S, Abdelhamid, W, Abdelhamid, N, Abdelkader, N, Abdelkreem, E, Abdelmohsen, A, Abdelrahman, A, Abd-elsalam, S, Abdeltawab, D, Abduh, A, Abdulhakam, N, Abdulla, M, Abedpoor, N, Abenavoli, L, Aberg, F, Ablack, O, Abo elftouh, M, Abo-Amer, Y, Aboubkr, A, Aboud, A, Abouelnaga, A, Aboufarrag, G, Aboutaleb, A, Abundis, L, Adali, G, Adames, E, Adams, L, Adda, D, Adel, N, Adel Sayed, M, Afaa, T, Afredj, N, Aghayeva, G, Aghemo, A, Aguilar-Salinas, C, Ahlenstiel, G, Ahmady, W, Ahmed, W, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, S, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, R, Aigner, E, Akarsu, M, Akroush, M, Akyuz, U, Al Mahtab, M, Al Qadiri, T, Al Rawahi, Y, AL rubaee, R, Al Saffar, M, Alam, S, Al-Ani, Z, Albillos, A, Alboraie, M, Al-Busafi, S, Al-Emam, M, Alharthi, J, Ali, K, Ali, B, Ali, M, Ali, R, Alisi, A, AL-Khafaji, A, Alkhatry, M, Aller, R, Almansoury, Y, Al-Naamani, K, Alnakeeb, A, Alonso, A, Alqahtani, S, Alrabadi, L, Alswat, K, Altaher, M, Altamimi, T, Altamirano, J, Alvares-da-Silva, M, Aly, E, Alzahaby, A, Alzamzamy, A, Amano, K, Amer, M, Amin, M, Amin, S, Amir, A, Ampuero, J, Anas, N, Andreone, P, Andriamandimby, S, Anees, M, Angela, P, Antonios, M, Arafat, W, Araya, J, Armendariz-Borunda, J, Armstrong, M, Ashktorab, H, Aspichueta, P, Assal, F, Atef, M, Attia, D, Atwa, H, Awad, R, Awad, M, Awny, S, Awolowo, O, Awuku, Y, Ayada, I, Aye, T, Ayman, S, Ayman, H, Ayoub, H, Azmy, H, Babaran, R, Badreldin, O, Badry, A, Bahcecioglu, I, Bahour, A, Bai, J, Balaban, Y, Balasubramanyam, M, Bamakhrama, K, Banales, J, Bangaru, B, Bao, J, Barahona, J, Barakat, S, Barbalho, S, Barbra, B, Barranco, B, Barrera, F, Baumann, U, Bazeed, S, Bech, E, Benayad, A, Benesic, A, Bernstein, D, Bessone, F, Birney, S, Bisseye, C, Blake, M, Bobat, B, Bonfrate, L, Bordin, D, Bosques-Padilla, F, Boursier, J, Boushab, B, Bowen, D, Bravo, P, Brennan, P, Bright, B, Broekaert, I, Buque, X, Burgos-Santamaria, D, Burman, J, Busetto, L, Byrne, C, Cabral-Prodigalidad, P, Cabrera-Alvarez, G, Cai, W, Cainelli, F, Caliskan, A, Canbay, A, Cano-Contreras, A, Cao, H, Cao, Z, Carrion, A, Carubbi, F, Casanovas, T, Castellanos Fernandez, M, Chai, J, Chan, S, Charatcharoenwitthaya, P, Chavez-Tapia, N, Chayama, K, Chen, J, Chen, L, Chen, Z, Chen, H, Chen, S, Chen, Q, Chen, Y, Chen, G, Chen, E, Chen, F, Chen, P, Cheng, R, Cheng, W, Chieh, J, Chokr, I, Cholongitas, E, Choudhury, A, Chowdhury, A, Chukwudike, E, Ciardullo, S, Clayton, M, Clement, K, Cloa, M, Coccia, C, Collazos, C, Colombo, M, Cosar, A, Cotrim, H, Couillerot, J, Coulibaly, A, Crespo, G, Crespo, J, Cruells, M, Cua, I, Dabbous, H, Dalekos, G, D'Alia, P, Dan, L, Dao, V, Darwish, M, Datz, C, Davalos-Moscol, M, Dawoud, H, de Careaga, B, de Knegt, R, de Ledinghen, V, de Silva, J, Debzi, N, Decraecker, M, Del Pozo, E, Delgado, T, Delgado-Blanco, M, Dembinski, L, Depina, A, Derbala, M, Desalegn, H, Desbois-Mouthon, C, Desoky, M, Dev, A, Di Ciaula, A, Diago, M, Diallo, I, Diaz, L, Dirchwolf, M, Dongiovanni, P, Dorofeyev, A, Dou, X, Douglas, M, Doulberis, M, Dovia, C, Doyle, A, Dragojevic, I, Drenth, J, Duan, X, Dulskas, A, Dumitrascu, D, Duncan, O, Dusabejambo, V, Dwawhi, R, Eiketsu, S, El Amrousy, D, El Deeb, A, El Deriny, G, El Din, H, El Kamshishy, S, El Kassas, M, El Raziky, M, Elagamy, O, Elakel, W, Elalfy, D, Elaraby, H, Elawady, H, Elbadawy, R, Eldash, H, Eldefrawy, M, Elecharri, C, Elfaramawy, A, Elfatih, M, Elfiky, M, Elgamsy, M, Elgendy, M, El-Guindi, M, Elhussieny, N, Eliwa, A, Elkabbany, Z, El-Khayat, H, El-Koofy, N, Elmetwalli, A, Elrabat, A, El-Raey, F, Elrashdy, F, Elsahhar, M, Elsaid, E, Elsayed, S, Elsayed, H, Elsayed, A, El-Serafy, M, Elsharkawy, A, Elsheemy, R, Elshemy, E, Elsherbini, S, Eltoukhy, N, Elwakil, R, Emad, O, Emad, S, Embabi, M, Ergenc, I, Ermolova, T, Esmat, G, Esmat, D, Estupinan, E, Ettair, S, Eugen, T, Ezz-Eldin, M, Falcon, L, Fan, Y, Fandari, S, Farag, M, Farahat, T, Fares, E, Fares, M, Fassio, E, Fathy, H, Fathy, D, Fathy, W, Fayed, S, Feng, D, Feng, G, Fernandez-Bermejo, M, Ferreira, C, Ferrer, J, Forbes, A, Fouad, R, Fouad, H, Frisch, T, Fujii, H, Fukunaga, S, Fukunishi, S, Fulya, H, Furuhashi, M, Gaber, Y, Galang, A, Gallardo, J, Galloso, R, Gamal, M, Gamal, R, Gamal, H, Gan, J, Ganbold, A, Gao, X, Garas, G, Garba, T, Garcia-Cortes, M, Garcia-Monzon, C, Garcia-Samaniego, J, Gastaldelli, A, Gatica, M, Gatley, E, Gegeshidze, T, Geng, B, Ghazinyan, H, Ghoneem, S, Giacomelli, L, Giannelli, G, Giannini, E, Giefer, M, Gines, P, Girala, M, Giraudi, P, Goh, G, Gomaa, A, Gong, B, Gonzales, D, Gonzalez, H, Gonzalez-Huezo, M, Graupera, I, Grgurevic, I, Gronbaek, H, Gu, X, Guan, L, Gueye, I, Guingane, A, Gul, O, Gul, C, Guo, Q, Gupta, P, Gurakar, A, Gutierrez, J, Habib, G, Hafez, A, Hagman, E, Halawa, E, Hamdy, O, Hamed, A, Hamed, D, Hamid, S, Hamoudi, W, Han, Y, Haridy, J, Haridy, H, Harris, D, Hart, M, Hasan, F, Hashim, A, Hassan, I, Hassan, A, Hassan, E, Hassan, M, Hassanin, F, Hassnine, A, Haukeland, J, Hawal, A, He, J, He, Q, He, Y, He, F, Hegazy, M, Hegazy, A, Henegil, O, Hernandez, N, Hernandez-Guerra, M, Higuera-de-la-Tijera, F, Hindy, I, Hirota, K, Ho, L, Hodge, A, Hosny, M, Hou, X, Huang, J, Huang, Y, Huang, Z, Huang, A, Huang, X, Hui-ping, S, Hunyady, B, Hussein, M, Hussein, O, Hussien, S, Ibanez-Samaniego, L, Ibdah, J, Ibrahim, L, Ibrahim, M, Ibrahim, I, Icaza-Chavez, M, Idelbi, S, Idilman, R, Ikeda, M, Indolfi, G, Invernizzi, F, Irshad, I, Isa, H, Iskandar, N, Ismaiel, A, Ismail, M, Ismail, Z, Ismail, F, Iwamoto, H, Jack, K, 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Zuart Ruiz, R, Mendez-Sanchez N., Bugianesi E., Gish R. G., Lammert F., Tilg H., Nguyen M. H., Sarin S. K., Fabrellas N., Zelber-Sagi S., Fan J. -G., Shiha G., Targher G., Zheng M. -H., Chan W. -K., Vinker S., Kawaguchi T., Castera L., Yilmaz Y., Korenjak M., Spearman C. W., Ungan M., Palmer M., El-Shabrawi M., Gruss H. -J., Dufour J. -F., Dhawan A., Wedemeyer H., George J., Valenti L., Fouad Y., Romero-Gomez M., Eslam M., Abate M. L., Abbas B., Abbassy A. A., Abd El Ghany W., Abd Elkhalek A., Abd ElMajeed E., Abdalgaber M., AbdAllah M., Abdallah M., Abdallah N., Abdelaleem S., Abdelghani Y., Abdelghany W., Abdelhalim S. M., Abdelhamid W., Abdelhamid N., Abdelkader N. A., Abdelkreem E., Abdelmohsen A. M., Abdelrahman A. A., Abd-elsalam S. M., Abdeltawab D., Abduh A., Abdulhakam N., Abdulla M., Abedpoor N., Abenavoli L., Aberg F., Ablack O., Abo elftouh M., Abo-Amer Y. E. -E., Aboubkr A., Aboud A., Abouelnaga A. M., Aboufarrag G. A., Aboutaleb A., Abundis L., Adali G., Adames E., Adams L., Adda D., Adel N., Adel Sayed M., Afaa T. J., Afredj N., Aghayeva G., Aghemo A., Aguilar-Salinas C. A., Ahlenstiel G., Ahmady W., Ahmed W., Ahmed A., Ahmed S. N., Ahmed H. M., Ahmed R., Aigner E., Akarsu M., Akroush M., Akyuz U., Al Mahtab M., Al Qadiri T., Al Rawahi Y., AL rubaee R., Al Saffar M., Alam S., Al-Ani Z., Albillos A., Alboraie M., Al-Busafi S., Al-Emam M., Alharthi J., Ali K., Ali B. A., Ali M., Ali R. A. R., Alisi A., AL-Khafaji A. R., Alkhatry M., Aller R., Almansoury Y., Al-Naamani K., Alnakeeb A., Alonso A., Alqahtani S. A., Alrabadi L., Alswat K., Altaher M., Altamimi T., Altamirano J., Alvares-da-Silva M. R., Aly E. A. M., Alzahaby A., Alzamzamy A., Amano K., Amer M. A., Amin M. A., Amin S. A., Amir A. A., Ampuero J., Anas N., Andreone P., Andriamandimby S. F., Anees M., Angela P., Antonios M., Arafat W., Araya J. M., Armendariz-Borunda J., Armstrong M. J., Ashktorab H., Aspichueta P., Assal F., Atef M., Attia D., Atwa H., Awad R., Awad M. A. E., Awny S., Awolowo O., Awuku Y. A., Ayada I., Aye T. T., Ayman S., Ayman H., Ayoub H., Azmy H. M., Babaran R. P., Badreldin O., Badry A., Bahcecioglu I. H., Bahour A., Bai J., Balaban Y., Balasubramanyam M., Bamakhrama K., Banales J. M., Bangaru B., Bao J., Barahona J. S., Barakat S., Barbalho S. M., Barbra B., Barranco B., Barrera F., Baumann U., Bazeed S., Bech E., Benayad A., Benesic A., Bernstein D., Bessone F., Birney S., Bisseye C., Blake M., Bobat B., Bonfrate L., Bordin D. S., Bosques-Padilla F., Boursier J., Boushab B. M., Bowen D., Bravo P. M., Brennan P. N., Bright B., Broekaert I., Buque X., Burgos-Santamaria D., Burman J., Busetto L., Byrne C. D., Cabral-Prodigalidad P. A. I., Cabrera-Alvarez G., Cai W., Cainelli F., Caliskan A. R., Canbay A., Cano-Contreras A., Cao H. -X., Cao Z., Carrion A., Carubbi F., Casanovas T., Castellanos Fernandez M. I., Chai J., Chan S. P., Charatcharoenwitthaya P., Chavez-Tapia N., Chayama K., Chen J., Chen L., Chen Z. -W., Chen H., Chen S. -D., Chen Q., Chen Y., Chen G., Chen E. -Q., Chen F., Chen P. -J., Cheng R., Cheng W., Chieh J. T. W., Chokr I., Cholongitas E., Choudhury A., Chowdhury A., Chukwudike E. S., Ciardullo S., Clayton M., Clement K., Cloa M. M., Coccia C., Collazos C., Colombo M., Cosar A. M., Cotrim H. P., Couillerot J., Coulibaly A., Crespo G., Crespo J., Cruells M., Cua I. H. Y., Dabbous H. K., Dalekos G. N., D'Alia P., Dan L., Dao V. H., Darwish M., Datz C., Davalos-Moscol M. B., Dawoud H., de Careaga B. O., de Knegt R., de Ledinghen V., de Silva J., Debzi N., Decraecker M., Del Pozo E., Delgado T. C., Delgado-Blanco M., Dembinski L., Depina A., Derbala M., Desalegn H., Desbois-Mouthon C., Desoky M., Dev A., Di Ciaula A., Diago M., Diallo I., Diaz L. A., Dirchwolf M., Dongiovanni P., Dorofeyev A., Dou X., Douglas M. W., Doulberis M., Dovia C. K., Doyle A., Dragojevic I., Drenth J. P., Duan X., Dulskas A., Dumitrascu D. L., Duncan O., Dusabejambo V., Dwawhi R. S. N. A., Eiketsu S., El Amrousy D., El Deeb A., El Deriny G., El Din H. S., El Kamshishy S., El Kassas M., El Raziky M., Elagamy O. A., Elakel W., Elalfy D., Elaraby H., ElAwady H., Elbadawy R., Eldash H. H., Eldefrawy M. S., Elecharri C. L., Elfaramawy A., Elfatih M., Elfiky M., Elgamsy M., Elgendy M., El-Guindi M. A., Elhussieny N., Eliwa A. M., Elkabbany Z., El-Khayat H., El-Koofy N. M., Elmetwalli A., Elrabat A., El-Raey F., Elrashdy F., Elsahhar M., Elsaid E. M., Elsayed S., Elsayed H., Elsayed A., Elsayed A. M., El-Serafy M., Elsharkawy A. M., Elsheemy R. Y., Elshemy E. E., Elsherbini S., Eltoukhy N., Elwakil R., Emad O., Emad S., Embabi M., Ergenc I., Ermolova T., Esmat G., Esmat D. M., Estupinan E. C., Ettair S., Eugen T., Ezz-Eldin M., Falcon L. P. V., Fan Y. -C., Fandari S., Farag M., Farahat T. M., Fares E. M., Fares M., Fassio E., Fathy H., Fathy D., Fathy W., Fayed S., Feng D., Feng G., Fernandez-Bermejo M., Ferreira C. T., Ferrer J. D., Forbes A., Fouad R., Fouad H. M., Frisch T., Fujii H., Fukunaga S., Fukunishi S., Fulya H., Furuhashi M., Gaber Y., Galang A. J. G., Gallardo J. C., Galloso R., Gamal M., Gamal R., Gamal H., Gan J., Ganbold A., Gao X., Garas G., Garba T., Garcia-Cortes M., Garcia-Monzon C., Garcia-Samaniego J., Gastaldelli A., Gatica M., Gatley E., Gegeshidze T., Geng B., Ghazinyan H., Ghoneem S., Giacomelli L., Giannelli G., Giannini E. G., Giefer M., Gines P., Girala M., Giraudi P. J., Goh G. B. -B., Gomaa A. A., Gong B., Gonzales D. H. C., Gonzalez H. C., Gonzalez-Huezo M. S., Graupera I., Grgurevic I., Gronbaek H., Gu X., Guan L., Gueye I., Guingane A. N., Gul O. O., Gul C. B., Guo Q., Gupta P. P., Gurakar A., Gutierrez J. C. R., Habib G., Hafez A., Hagman E., Halawa E., Hamdy O., Hamed A. E., Hamed D. H., Hamid S., Hamoudi W., Han Y., Haridy J., Haridy H., Harris D. C. H. H., Hart M., Hasan F., Hashim A., Hassan I., Hassan A., Hassan E. A., Hassan A. A., Hassan M. S., Hassanin F., Hassnine A., Haukeland J. W., Hawal A. I. M., He J., He Q., He Y., He F. -P., Hegazy M., Hegazy A., Henegil O., Hernandez N., Hernandez-Guerra M., Higuera-de-la-Tijera F., Hindy I., Hirota K., Ho L. C., Hodge A., Hosny M., Hou X., Huang J. -F., Huang Y., Huang Z., Huang A., Huang X. -P., Hui-ping S., Hunyady B., Hussein M. A., Hussein O., Hussien S. M., Ibanez-Samaniego L., Ibdah J., Ibrahim L., Ibrahim M., Ibrahim I., Icaza-Chavez M. E., Idelbi S., Idilman R. I., Ikeda M., Indolfi G., Invernizzi F., Irshad I., Isa H. M. A., Iskandar N. J., Ismaiel A., Ismail M., Ismail Z., Ismail F., Iwamoto H., Jack K., Jacob R., Jafarov F., Jafri W., Jahshan H., Jalal P. K., Jancoriene L., Janicko M., Jayasena H., Jefferies M., Jha V., Ji F., Ji Y., Jia J., Jiang C., Jiang N., Jiang Z. -Z., Jin X., Jin Y., Jing X., Jingyu Q., Jinjolava M., Jong F. H. H., Jucov A., Julius I., Kaddah M., Kamada Y., kamal A., Kamal E. M., Kamel A. S., Kao J. -H., Karin M., Karlas T., Kashwaa M., Katsidzira L., Kaya E., Kayasseh M. A., Keenan B., Keklikkiran C., Keml W., Khalaf D. K., Khalefa R., Khamis S., Khater D., khattab H., Khavkin A., Khlynova O., Khmis N., Kobyliak N., Koffas A., Koike K., Kok K. Y. Y., Koller T., Komas N. P., Korochanskaya N. V., Koulla Y., Koya S., Kraft C., Kraja B., Krawczyk M., Kuchay M. S., Kulkarni A. V., Kumar A., Kumar M., Lakoh S., Lam P., Lan L., Lange N. F., Lankarani K. B., Lanthier N., Lapshyna K., Lashen S. A., Laure K. N. J., Lazebnik L., Lebrec D., Lee S. S., Lee W. S., Lee Y. Y., Leeming D. J., Leite N. C., Leon R., Lesmana C. R. A., Li J., Li Q., Li Y. -Y., Li Y., Li L., Li M., li Y., Liang H., Lijuan T., Lim S. G., Lim L. -L., Lin S., Lin H. -C., Lin R., Lithy R., Liu Y., Liu X., Liu W. -Y., Liu S., Liu K., Liu T., Lonardo A., Lopez M. B., Lopez-Benages E., Lopez-Jaramillo P., Lu H., Lu L. G., Lu Y., Lubel J., Lui R., Lupasco I., Luzina E., Lv X. -H., Lynch K., Ma H. -L., Machado M. V., Maduka N., Madzharova K., Magdaong R., Mahadeva S., Mahfouz A., Mahmood N. R. K. N., Mahmoud E., Mahrous M., Maiwall R., Majeed A., Majumdar A., Mak L., Maklouf M. M., Malekzadeh R., Mandato C., Mangia A., Mann J., Mansour H. H., Mansouri A., Mantovani A., Mao J. Q., Maramag F., Marchesini G., Marcus C., Marinho R. A. R. T., Martinez-Chantar M. L., Martins A. A. S., Marwan R., Mason K. F., Masoud G., Massoud M. N., Matamoros M. A., Mateos R. M., Mawed A., Mbanya J. C., Mbendi C., McColaugh L., McLeod D., Medina J. F. R., Megahed A., Mehrez M., Memon I., Merat S., Mercado R., Mesbah A., Meskini T., Metwally M., Metwaly R., Miao L., Micah E., Miele L., Milivojevic V., Milovanovic T., Mina Y. L., Mishkovik M., Mishriki A., Mitchell T., Mohamed A., Mohamed M., Mohamed S., Mohammed S., Mohammed A., Mohan V., Mohie S., Mokhtar A., Moniem R., Montilla M. S., Morales J. A. O., Morata M. M. S., Moreno-Planas J. M., Morise S., Mosaad S., Moselhy M., Mostafa A. M., Mostafa E., Mouane N., Mousa N., Moustafa H. M., Msherif A., Muller K., Munoz C., Munoz-Urribarri A. B., Murillo O. A., Mustapha F. I., Muzurovic E., Nabil Y., Nafady S., Nagamatsu A., Nakajima A., Nakano D., Nan Y., Nascimbeni F., Naseef M. S., Nashat N., Natalia T., Negro F., Nersesov A. V., Neuman M., Ng'wanasayi M., Ni Y., Nicoll A., Niizeki T., Nikolova D., Ningning W., Niriella M., Nogoibaeva K. A., Nordien R., O Sullivan C., O'Beirne J., Obekpa S., Ocama P., Ochwoto M., Ogolodom M. P., Ojo O., Okrostsvaridze N., Oliveira C. P., Omana R. C., Omar O. M., Omar H., Omar M., Omran S., Omran R., Osman M. M., Owise N., Owusu-Ansah T., Padilla- Machaca P. M., Palle S., Pan Z., Pan X. -Y., Pan Q., Papaefthymiou A., Paquissi F. C., Par G., Parkash A., Payawal D., Peltekian K. M., Peng X., Peng L., Peng Y., Pengoria R., Perez M., Perez J. L., Perez N. M., Persico M., Pessoa M. G., Petta S., Philip M., Plaz Torres M. C., Polavarapu N., Poniachik J., Portincasa P., Pu C., Purnak T., Purwanto E., Qi X., Qian Z., Qiang Z., Qiao Z., Qiao L., Queiroz A., Rabiee A., Radwan M., Rahetilahy A. M., Ramadan Y., Ramadan D., Ramli A. S., Ramm G. A., Ran A., Rankovic I., RAO H., Raouf S., Ray S., Reau N., Refaat A., Reiberger T., Remes-Troche J. M., Reyes E. C., Richardson B., Ridruejo E., Riestra Jimenez S., Rizk I., Roberts S., Roblero J. P., Robles J. A. P., Rockey D., Rodriguez M., Rodriguez Hernandez H., Roman E., Romeiro F. G., Romeo S., Rosales-Zabal J. M., Roshdi G. R., Rosso N., Ruf A., Ruiz P. C., Runes N. R., Ruzzenente A., Ryan M., Saad A., Sabbagh E. B., Sabbah M., Saber S., Sabrey R., Sabry R., Saeed M. A., Said D., Said E. M., Sakr M. A., Salah Y., Salama R. M., Salama A., Saleh H., Saleh A., Salem A., Salem A. T., Salifou A., Salih A. F., Salman A., Samouda H., Sanai F., Sanchez-Avila J. F., Sanker L., Sano T., Sanz M., Saparbu T., Sawhney R., Sayed F., Sayed S. A., Sayed A. O., Sayed M., Sebastiani G., Secadas L., Sediqi K. Q., Seif S., Semida N., Senates E., Serban E. D., Serfaty L., Seto W. -K., Sghaier I., Sha M., Shabaan H. M., Shalaby L., Shaltout I., Sharara A. I., Sharma V., Shawa I. T., Shawkat A., Shawky N., Shehata O., Sheils S., Shewaye A. B., Shi G., Shi J., Shimose S., Shirono T., Shou L., Shrestha A., Shui G., Sievert W., Sigurdardottir S., Sira M. M., Siradj R., Sison C., Smyth L., Soliman R., Sollano J. D., Sombie R., Sonderup M., Sood S., Soriano G., Stedman C. A. M., Stefanyuk O., Stimac D., Strasser S., Strnad P., Stuart K., Su W., Su M., Sumida Y., Sumie S., Sun D. -Q., Sun J., Suzuki H., Svegliati-Baroni G., Swar M. O., TAHARBOUCHT S., Taher Z., Takamura S., Tan L., Tan S. -S., Tanwandee T., Tarek S., Tatiana G., Tavaglione F., Tecson G. Y., Tee H. -P., Teschke R., Tharwat M., Thong V. D., Thursz M., Tine T., Tiribelli C., Tolmane I., Tong J., Tongo M., Torkie M., Torre A., Torres E. A., Trajkovska M., Treeprasertsuk S., Tsutsumi T., Tu T., Tur J. A., Turan D., Turcan S., Turkina S., Tutar E., Tzeuton C., Ugiagbe R., Uygun A., Vacca M., Vajro P., Van der Poorten D., Van Kleef L. A., Vashakidze E., Velazquez C. M., Velazquez M. I., Vento S., Verhoeven V., Vespasiani-Gentilucci U., Vethakkan S. R., Vilaseca J., Vitek L., Volkanovska A., Wallace M., Wan W., Wang Y., Wang X., Wang C., Wang M., Wangchuk P., Weltman M., White M., Wiegand J., Wifi M. -N., Wigg A., Wilhelmi M., William R., Wittenburg H., Wu S., Wubeneh A. M., Xia H., Xiao J., Xiao X., Xiaofeng W., Xiong W., Xu L., Xu J., Xu W., Xu J. -H., Xu K., Xu Y., Xu S. -H., Xu M., Xu A., Xu C., Yan H., Yang J., Yang R. -X., Yang Y., Yang Q., Yang N., Yao J., Yara J., Yaras S., Yilmaz N., Younes R., younes H., Young S., Youssef F., Yu Y., Yu M. -L., Yuan J., Yue Z., Yuen M. -F., Yun W., Yurukova N., Zakaria S., Zaky S., Zaldastanishvili M., Zapata R., Zare N., Zerem E., Zeriban N., Zeshuai X., Zhang H., Zhang X., Zhang Y., Zhang W. -H., Zhang Y. -P., Zhang Z. -Q., Zhao J., Zhao R. -R., Zhao H., Zheng C., Zheng Y., Zheng R., Zheng T. -L., Zheng K., Zhou X. Q., Zhou Y., Zhou Y. -J., Zhou H., Zhou L., Zhu L. D., Zhu Y. F., Zhu Y., Zhu P. -W., Ziada E., Ziring D., Ziyi L., Zou S., Zou Z., Zou H., and Zuart Ruiz R.
- Published
- 2022
39. Thermal Pollution Caused by Hydropower Plants
- Author
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Bobat, Alaeddin, Bilge, Ali Nezihi, editor, Toy, Ayhan Özgür, editor, and Günay, Mehmet Erdem, editor
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. MultiColorTM imaging in combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium
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Kaprinis, Konstantinos, Bobat, Hannaa, and De Salvo, Gabriella
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Small hydropower development in Turkey: An overview of 2021
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BOBAT, Alaeddin, primary
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Food, work and sensuous materiality: Immigrant Muslim women living in Fordsburg, Johannesburg
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Bobat, Safiya, primary
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. A prospective study of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in HIV-infected children from high prevalence countries.
- Author
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Mark F Cotton, Helena Rabie, Elisa Nemes, Hilda Mujuru, Raziya Bobat, Boniface Njau, Avy Violari, Vidya Mave, Charles Mitchell, James Oleske, Bonnie Zimmer, George Varghese, Savita Pahwa, and P1073 team
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BackgroundThe immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in HIV-infected infants and young children is relatively understudied in regions endemic for HIV and TB. We aimed to describe incidence, clinical features and risk factors of pediatric IRIS in Sub-Saharan Africa and India.Methods and findingsWe conducted an observational multi-centred prospective clinical study from December 2010 to September 2013 in children ConclusionsIRIS occurs commonly in HIV-infected children initiating ART and occasionally has severe morbidity. The incidence may be underestimated. Predictive, diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are needed.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Small Hydropower Development in Turkey: An Overview of 2021
- Author
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Alaeddin BOBAT
- Abstract
Hydropower plants with an installed capacity of less than 10 MW are widely considered as small hydropower (SHP) in Turkey. There are currently 371 SHPs in operation as of 31 December 2021. Of these, 14 are operated by the DSI and 357 are operated by the private sector; and the installed capacity of the operating SHPs is 1.756,69 MW, their total generation potential is 6.643,44 GWh/year. Moreover, 12 SHPs are under construction. In addition, 625 SHP projects of 2.645,56 installed capacities and of 8.728,460 GWh/year generations potential were cancelled. Regionally, 34.50 % of SHPs (128 SHP) is located in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. 20.75 % of them (77 SHP) is located in the Mediterranean Region; 16.71 % (62 SHP) in the Eastern Anatolia Region; 12.94 % (48 SHP) in the Central Anatolia Region; 8.09 % (30 SHP) in the Marmara Region; 6.2% (23 SHP) in the Aegean Region and 0.08 % in the South-East Region. This article intends to discuss SHP’s in 2021 of Turkey as a whole and examine the place and importance of SHP’s in the sector.
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- 2023
45. Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
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Bobat, Saeeda, Cunningham, Adam F., Cohen, Irun R., Series editor, Lajtha, N.S. Abel, Series editor, Paoletti, Rodolfo, Series editor, Lambris, John D., Series editor, and Horsnell, William, editor
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Book Review: When They Came for Me: The Hidden Diary of an Apartheid Prisoner
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Safiya Bobat
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Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Social Psychology - Published
- 2022
47. Outcome of liver transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis in South Africa
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Siddiqui Nida Mishraz, Hari Kapila, Bobat Bilal, Parbhoo Dinen, Lala Vikash, and Mahomed Adam
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General Medicine ,General Chemistry - Abstract
Background: Liver Transplantation (LT) is the definitive treatment for Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) in patients with decompensated cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Outcomes of LT in AIH among black-Africans are not well-defined. We performed a single-center retrospective-review of adult LT patients. The study period was from 1st August 2004-31st August 2019. The primary aim was to document 1- & 5- year patient and graft survival. A secondary aim was to compare the survival of black-Africans to Caucasians. Data was analyzed using survival-analysis. Results: A total of 56 LT were performed for AIH. Sixty-seven percent (n = 38/56) had confirmed AIH on explant histology. Of these, the majority i.e., 79% (30/38) were female and 21% (8/38) were male. There were equal numbers of black-African 42% (n = 16/38) and Caucasian 42% (n = 16/38) patients. Rejection was four-times higher in black-Africans as compared to Caucasians. Forty-four percent (n = 17/38) had an acute rejection episode and 13% (5/38) had chronic rejection. Recurrence was found in four black-African females. Post-LT patient survival at 1- and 5- years was 86.5% and 80.7%, and graft survival was 94% and 70.8% respectively. The 5- year patient survival was insignificantly lower for black-Africans (73.9%) as compared to Caucasians (83.7%) (p - value 0.26, CI 6.3 - 12.2). Five-year graft survival was significantly lower among black-Africans (55%) as compared to Caucasians (84.8%) (p - value 0.003 CI 3.8 - 8.1) Conclusion: Black-Africans had a four-fold higher rate of rejection compared to Caucasians. Recurrent AIH was only found in patients of black ethnicity. Similar 1- & 5- year patient survival rates were observed between the two ethnicities. The 5-year graft survival among black-Africans was significantly lower than Caucasians.
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- 2022
48. Epidemiology, risk factors, social determinants of health, and current management for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in sub-Saharan Africa
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O S Ojo, C Wendy Spearman, Chris Kassianides, Ponsiano Ocama, Omolade Betiku, Christian Tzeuton, Bilal Bobat, Mary Afihene, Hailemichael Desalegn Mekonnen, Leolin Katsidzira, Imran Paruk, Mark W. Sonderup, and Lina Cunha
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Social Determinants of Health ,Population ,Disease ,Chronic liver disease ,Cost of Illness ,Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ,Risk Factors ,Environmental health ,Epidemiology ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Medicine ,Obesity ,Social determinants of health ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ,Noncommunicable Diseases ,education ,Africa South of the Sahara ,Dyslipidemias ,Metabolic Syndrome ,education.field_of_study ,Hepatology ,business.industry ,Incidence ,Fatty liver ,Gastroenterology ,Disease Management ,Health Care Costs ,Awareness ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,medicine.disease ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Hypertension ,Female ,Metabolic syndrome ,business ,Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease globally and is estimated to affect approximately 25% of the world's population. Data about the prevalence and incidence of NAFLD in Africa are scarce, but the prevalence is estimated to be 13·5% for the general population. This is likely to be an underestimate considering the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases, particularly the rising prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes, driven by the overlapping challenges of food insecurity, nutritional transition, and associated increased consumption of calorie-dense foods. Establishing the true prevalence of NAFLD, raising public awareness around the risk factors behind the increase in NAFLD, and proactively addressing all components of metabolic syndrome will be important to combat this silent epidemic, which will have long-term health-care costs and economic consequences for the region.
- Published
- 2021
49. The presence and spectrum of bacteria colonising mobile phones of staff and caregivers in high disease burden paediatric and neonatal wards in an urban teaching hospital in Durban, South Africa
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Raziya Bobat, Moherndran Archary, Melissa Lawler, Sajeeda Mawlana, Kimesh L. Naidoo, Sandra Maphumulo, and Yacoob Coovadia
- Subjects
contamination ,hospital-acquired infections ,mobile phones ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Background: Hospital acquired infections are on the increase worldwide. A possible source for transmission is the presence of microorganisms on mobile phones which are carried by increasing numbers of medical and nursing staff, students, and caregivers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed. Samples were obtained from medical and nursing staff, students, and caregivers from the paediatric wards (85 beds), and the neonatal unit (40 beds) at King Edward VIII Hospital (KEH), Durban. Mobile phones of participants were sampled, with sterile swabs, without prior warning. The swabs were transported promptly to the laboratory and cultured onto colistin, nalidixic acid agar and MacConkey agar plates. All positive cultures were identified using standard laboratory tests. Results: Of the 100 mobile phones sampled, 30 were contaminated with bacteria. Gram-positive microorganisms were more frequently cultured than Gram-negative microorganisms (29 vs. 7). Significantly more caregivers had contaminated phones (54.17% vs. 22.37%, p value = 0.003). Caregivers’ phones were predominantly contaminated with Staphylococcus spp. (41.67%). More phones in the general wards (37.5%) and nursery (32.5%) were contaminated compared to the gastroenteritis ward (10%). Conclusions: Our results indicate that one third of the mobile phones carried in the paediatric wards are contaminated. Caregivers had the highest likelihood of carrying mobile phones that were contaminated, with the lowest rate among the nursing staff. Caregivers’ phones were also more likely to have multiple microorganisms. The lowest rate of contamination was found in the gastroenteritis ward, possibly due to a heightened awareness of the need for handwashing.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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50. IgG Responses to Porins and Lipopolysaccharide within an Outer Membrane-Based Vaccine against Nontyphoidal Salmonella Develop at Discordant Rates
- Author
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Anna E. Schager, C. Coral Dominguez-Medina, Francesca Necchi, Francesca Micoli, Yun Shan Goh, Margaret Goodall, Adriana Flores-Langarica, Saeeda Bobat, Charlotte N. L. Cook, Melissa Arcuri, Arianna Marini, Lloyd D. W. King, Faye C. Morris, Graham Anderson, Kai-Michael Toellner, Ian R. Henderson, Constantino López-Macías, Calman A. MacLennan, and Adam F. Cunningham
- Subjects
antibodies ,B-cell responses ,infection ,outer membrane vesicles ,Salmonella ,vaccines ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
ABSTRACT Antibodies acquired after vaccination or natural infection with Gram-negative bacteria, such as invasive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, can protect against disease. Immunization with naturally shed outer membrane vesicles from Gram-negative bacteria is being studied for its potential to protect against many infections, since antigens within vesicles maintain their natural conformation and orientation. Shedding can be enhanced through genetic modification, and the resulting particles, generalized modules for membrane antigens (GMMA), not only offer potential as vaccines but also can facilitate the study of B-cell responses to bacterial antigens. Here we show that the response to immunization with GMMA from S. Typhimurium (STmGMMA) provides B-cell-dependent protection and induces antibodies to two immunodominant antigens, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and porins. Antibodies to LPS O antigen (O-Ag) markedly enhance protection in the spleen, but this effect is less marked in the liver. Strikingly, IgG responses to LPS and porins develop with distinct kinetics. In the first week after immunization, there is a dramatic T-cell-independent B1b-cell-associated induction of all IgG isotypes, except IgG1, to porins but not to LPS. In contrast, production of IgG1 to either antigen was delayed and T cell dependent. Nevertheless, after 1 month, cells in the bone marrow secreting IgG against porins or LPS were present at a similar frequency. Unexpectedly, immunization with O-Ag-deficient STmGMMA did not substantially enhance the anti-porin response. Therefore, IgG switching to all antigens does not develop synchronously within the same complex and so the rate of IgG switching to a single component does not necessarily reflect its frequency within the antigenic complex. IMPORTANCE Vaccines save millions of lives, yet for some infections there are none. This includes some types of Salmonella infections, killing hundreds of thousands of people annually. We show how a new type of vaccine, called GMMA, that is made from blebs shed from the Salmonella cell wall, works to protect against infection in mice by inducing host proteins (antibodies) specifically recognizing bacterial components (antigens). The rate of development of IgG antibody to antigens within GMMA occurred with different kinetics. However, the antibody response to GMMA persists and is likely to provide prolonged protection for those who need it. These results help show how antibody responses to bacterial antigens develop and how vaccines like GMMA can work and help prevent infection.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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