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Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), one of the most common public diseases threatening human health, is always accompanied by infection. Though there are still a variety of flaws in the treatment of some infectious diseases, metabolomics provides a fresh perspective to explore the relationship between T2DM and infection. Our research aimed to investigate the association between plasma free amino acids (PFAAs) and the risk of T2DM complicated with infection in Chinese patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2015 to August 2016.We retrieved the medical records of 1032 inpatients with T2DM from Liaoning Medical University First Affiliated Hospital and we used mass spectrometry to quantify 23 PFAAs. Infectious contained 15 individual categories that could be retrieved from the database. Principal component analysis was used to extract factors of PFAAs. Multi-variable binary logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Among 1032 inpatients,109 (10.6%) had infectious diseases. Six factors, accounting for 68.6% of the total variance, were extracted. Factor 4 consisted of Glu, Asp and Orn. Factor 5 consisted of Hcy and Pip. After adjusting for potential confounders, factor 4 was positively correlated with increased risk of T2DM complicated with infection in T2DM (OR: 1.26, 95%CI: 1.05–1.52). Individual Hcy in factor 5 was positively associated with T2DM complicated with infection (OR: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.07–1.64). Furthermore, factor 4 (OR: 1.45, 95%CI: 1.12–1.88), Orn (OR: 1.01, 95%CI: 1.00-1.02) and Hcy (OR: 1.57, 95%CI: 1.14–2.15) were positively associated with bacterial infection in Chinese T2DM patients, while factor 5 (OR: 0.69, 95%CI: 0.49–0.99) was negatively associated with bacterial infection. Conclusions Urea cycle-related metabolites (Orn, Asp, Glu) and Hcy were positively associated with T2DM complicated with infection in China. Orn and Hcy were positively associated with bacterial infection in T2DM patients in China.

To improve the water-resistance of MgO-based metal–insulator–metal capacitors, BeO/MgO/BeO/MgO/BeO stacked layers were deposited by atomic layer deposition using bis(cyclopentadienyl)magnesium and diethyl beryllium and O3 as an oxygen source.

A direct strategy toward the synthesis of functionalized abietane-type diterpenes and related polycyclic molecules was developed through an Au-catalyzed 1,3-acyloxy migration/cyclization/electrophi...

Objective. To develop and validate a sensitive and rapid ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of enasidenib in rat plasma and to investigate the effect of Xiao-ai-ping injection (XAPI) on the pharmacokinetics of enasidenib in rats. Methods. The rat plasma was precipitated with acetonitrile, enasidenib and internal standard (IS) were separated on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column, and acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid were used as the mobile phase in gradient mode. Enasidenib and IS were monitored and detected by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) using tandem mass spectrometry in positive ion mode. 12 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group (group A) and experimental group (group B), 6 rats in each group. Group B was intramuscularly injected with XAPI (0.3 mL/kg) every morning, 7 days in a row. Group A was intramuscularly injected with normal saline, 7 days in a row. On the seventh day, enasidenib (10 mg/kg) was given to both groups 30 min after injection of normal saline (group A) or XAPI (group B), and the blood was collected at different time points such as 0.33, 0.67, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 48 h. The concentration of enasidenib was detected by UPLC-MS/MS, and the main parameters of pharmacokinetic of enasidenib were calculated using the DAS 2.0 software. Results. Under the current experimental conditions, this UPLC method showed good linearity in the detection of enasidenib. Interday and intraday precision did not exceed 10%, the range of accuracy values were from -1.43% to 2.76%. The results of matrix effect, extraction recovery, and stability met the requirements of FDA approval guidelines of bioanalytical method validation. The C max of enasidenib in the group A and the group B was ( 458.87 ± 136.02 ) ng/mL and ( 661.47 ± 107.32 ) ng/mL, t 1 / 2 was ( 7.74 ± 0.91 ) h and ( 8.64 ± 0.42 ) h, AU C 0 − t was ( 4067.24 ± 1214.36 ) ng·h/mL and ( 5645.40 ± 1046.30 ) ng·h/mL, AU C 0 − ∞ was ( 4125.79 ± 1235.91 ) ng·h/mL and ( 5759.61 ± 1078.59 ) ng·h/mL, respectively. The C max of enasidenib in group B was 44.15% higher than that in group A, and the AU C 0 − t and AU C 0 − ∞ of enasidenib in group B were 38.80% and 39.60% higher than that in group A, respectively, and the t 1 / 2 was prolonged from 7.74 h to 8.64 h. Conclusion. An UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of enasidenib in rat plasma was established. XAPI can inhibit the metabolism of enasidenib and increase the concentration of enasidenib in rats. It is suggested that when XAPI was combined with enasidenib, the herb-drug interaction and adverse reactions should be paid attention to, and the dosage should be adjusted if necessary.

This research reports on the atomic layer deposition (ALD) mechanism of MgO thin film using bis(cyclopentadienyl) magnesium [Mg(Cp)2] as the Mg-precursor and O3 or H2O as an oxygen source. The different growth temperature effects of growth behaviour for the two types of oxygen sources were carefully evaluated. Insufficient H2O purging time caused the Mg-hydrides to remain in the deposited MgO thin film, which may cause inhibited growth on the bare-Si substrate. For the case of O3-based ALD, such an adverse reaction was not observed. However, it showed a complicated temperature-dependent growth behaviour, and an abnormal ‘overgrowth’ zone around 290 °C was found when the growth temperature was varied from 140 °C to 390 °C. The carbonate intermediates and OH− reactive sites involving the growth mechanism with Cp-ring rupture were suggested. This mechanism was supported by the subsequent chemical and physical properties analysis, correlating the electrical characteristics using the planar metal–insulator–metal capacitors [metal layer was titanium nitride (TiN)], with the substrate temperature varying from 230 °C to 390 °C. The MgO deposited at 290 °C, where oligomerisation may happen between ligands after the Cp-ring rupture, caused the void formation, low density, and a relatively high-impurity level. The post-deposition and post-metallisation annealing conditions were examined for the optimal leakage current and dielectric constant of the MgO film. MgO and TiN showed local epitaxial growth due to the close lattice match. This finding suggested the possible use of the in situ crystallised MgO as a crystallisation seed layer for ultrathin (

The use of fluorescence spectroscopy for plaque detection is a fast and effective way to monitor oral health. At present, there is no uniform specification for the design of the excitation light source of related products for generating fluorescence. To carry out experiments on dental plaque, the fluorescence spectra of three different bacterial species (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Streptococcus mutans) were measured by hyperspectral imaging microscopy (HIM). Three critical issues were found in the experiments. One issue was the unwanted spectrum generated from a mercury line source, two four-order low-pass filters were evaluated for eliminating the unwanted spectrum and meet the experimental requirements. The second issue was the red fluorescence generated from the microscope slide made of borosilicate glass, this could affect the observation of the red fluorescence from the bacteria, quartz microscope slides were found to reduce the fluorescence intensity by about 2 dB compared with the borosilicate slide. The third issue of photobleaching in the fluorescence of the Porphyromonas gingivalis was studied. This study proposes a method of classifying three bacteria based on the spectral intensity ratios (510/635 and 500/635 nm) under the 405 nm excitation light was proposed in this study. The sensitivity and specificity of the classification were approximately 99% and 99%, respectively.

Two important fluorophores (quinoline and benzimidazole) have been successfully combined to achieve a novel fluorochrome with desirable fluorescent performance in solution and solid state. This original fluorochrome exhibits not only visual fluorescence quenching toward picric acid (PA) over other nitroaromatics and common interferents, but also ppb-level (4.86 ppb) of detection limit in semi-aqueous solution. In addition, the other sensing properties such as rapid response (second-level), good environmental compatibility (pH tolerability) and sensitivity are also evidentially revealed. The dominant quenching mechanism involves a synergistic effect of inner filter effect and photoinduced electron transfer (PET), which is fully supported by spectral analysis, 1H NMR assay, morphological studies, lifetime experiments and theoretical calculation. Noteworthily, the fluorochrome can be readily used in real water samples for quantitative determination of PA and processed as fluorescent paper or thin layer chromatography (TLC) plate for naked-eye detection, which enable itself to be functionalized as applicable PA sensor.

An efficient approach for C–N bond construction by the coupling reaction of arylsulfonyl hydrazides and Csp2–X compounds is described for the first time with good yields at room temperature. The reaction promoted by the simple base DMAP displays excellent regioselectivity as well as high functional group tolerance with 41 examples. Even for inactive Csp2–Cl compounds, the metal-free transformation also affords a satisfactory yield after prolonging the reaction time, which is comparable to that of the corresponding Csp2–Br compound. The good effect of DMAP and its action mechanism are confirmed by the competitive experiments of reactivity between Cl-substituted and Br-substituted substrates and the single-crystal X-ray analysis of the key intermediate quaternary ammonium salt. Importantly, the application of this method for a gram-scale (even over 10 g) preparation can be accomplished.

HfO 2 dielectric material as gate oxide and TiN as p-fermi-level material have been introduced since 45 nm CMOS technology, to reduce leakage and increase driving current. As the thickness of gate oxide and p- fermi -level layer shrinks to a few atomic layers (1 ~ 2nm), the interaction between films during the thermal processes becomes more complicated. Compared with the bulk film, the properties of the film stack interface dominate more in the electrical behaviors. In this study, the physical properties of ultra-thin ALD TiN/HfO 2 film stacks both after deposition and after annealing conditions are investigated. The physical mechanism behind these findings is discussed.

ZnO based varistors with high voltage gradient and excellent mechanical and thermal properties were fabricated by Ga2O3 doping and using nanoparticles. The compositions and microstructure of the varistors, as well as their electrical, mechanical and thermal properties were investigated by XRD, XPS, SEM, E-J, C-V, mechanical and thermal expansion measurements. Also, the mechanism of Ga2O3 addition on electrical and mechanical properties of the varistors was discussed detailedly. Results showed that the added Ga2O3 preferentially occupied the lattice position of ZnO crystal through the formation of a substitutional solid solution (Donor doping), they then occupied the void position through the formation of an interstitial solid solution (Acceptor doping), in which residual Ga2O3 existed in the grain boundary and served as inversion boundaries. The formation of the substitutional and interstitial solid solutions helped to improve the electrical properties, when the Ga2O3 content was 0.40 mol%, E1mA, α and K were 1235.00 V·mm− 1, 46.0 and 1.37, respectively, being due to the small particle size and the relative content of donor, acceptor and grain boundary in ZnO grain; The increased content of inversion boundaries stimulated the abnormal growth of ZnO grain, and the formed plate-like grain helped to improve the mechanical properties and thermal expansion coefficient of the varistors, values of σf, Ef, and KIC reached 147.43 MPa, 213.61 GPa and 2.05 MPa·m1/2, showing improvements of 25.29%, 47.67%, and 38.51%, respectively, compared with those of ZnO varistors without Ga2O3.

University is an important platform for the cultivation and the practice of the core values of Chinese socialism and the accomplishment of the mission of cultivating the young. Since the main body of universities is composed of teachers and students and the relationship between teachers and students is a rather important part in teaching, a harmonious relationship between teachers and students is critical for building a harmonious campus. Yet, with the development of market economy, popularization of higher education and both the popularization and application of the Internet, building a new harmonious relationship between teachers and students in universities in new era is facing both new requirements and challenges. Therefore, based on the existing problems in relationships between teachers and students, this paper will propose new methods and new requirements for building such a harmonious relationship. Universities play an important role in a socialism harmonious society. And because teachers and students are key to higher education, the relationship between teachers and students determines the quality of the talents cultivated. Therefore, in order to build a harmonious campus, harmonious relationships between teachers and students have to be achieved. With reform and opening-up enlarged and the development of socialism market economy, new situations have been seen in such relationship in higher education, raising multiple new questions worth discussing. As a result, creating a new pattern of relationship between teachers and students in higher education, which suits the trend of the development of the society, is imperative.

The Onchidium genus (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Systellommatophora, Onchidiidae family) is used as the important economical shellfish, due to the high nutritional value and medicinal value. Research over the previous decades indicated that Onchidium sp. mainly contains polypropionates, depsipeptides, terpenoids and other chemical components. Many biological activities of Onchidium (e. g., cytotoxic activities against tumor cells, anti-viral and anti-bacterial activities) have been reported. This review reports a total of 60 compounds, synthetic work and biological studies on Onchidium genus, covering the literature from 1978 to date, with a view to providing a reference and helping for the in-depth research of this genus.

The present study was designed to investigate the anti-apoptosis effect of Ma xing shi gan decoction (MXD) on PM2.5-induced lung injury via protein kinase B (Akt)/mTOR/p70S6K pathway. A UPLC-MS/MS system was introduced for component analysis of MXD. Rats were instilled with PM2.5 solution suspension intratracheally to induce acute lung injury. The rats were then orally administered with MXD (16, 8, and 4 g/kg) once a day for 7 consecutive days. The therapeutic effects of MXD were evaluated by Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining. The apoptotic cell death was analyzed by terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The alterations in cytochrome c (Cytc) and cleaved-caspase-3 (C-caspase-3) were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The expressions of Bax, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-p70S6K were detected by Western blot. In vitro, PM2.5 exposure model was introduced in A549 cell, followed by incubation with MXD-medicated serum. Hoechst staining was used to determine apoptotic rate. The levels of Bax, Bcl-2, p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-p70S6K were detected by Western blot. Our results in vivo indicated that treatment with MXD decreased histopathological changes score, TUNEL-positive cells rate, expressions of Cytc and C-caspase-3. The in vitro results revealed that incubation with MXD-mediated serum decreased apoptotic rate. Both results in vivo and in vitro demonstrated that MXD inhibited pro-apoptotic protein Bax and promoted anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 expression. Likewise, MXD activated Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signal pathway, which was also confirmed by Western immunoblotting. In conclusion, MXD attenuates lung injury and the underlying mechanisms may relate to regulating the apoptosis via Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway activation.

Nitrogenous sesquiterpenoids fromnatural sourcesare rare, so unsurprisingly neither the potentially valuable bioactivity nor thebroad structural diversity of nitrogenous sesquiterpenoids has been reviewed before. This report covers the progressduring the decade from 2010 to February 2020 on the isolation, identification, and bioactivity of 391 nitrogen-containing natural sesquiterpenes from terrestrial plant, marine organisms, and microorganisms. This complete and in-depth reviewshouldbe helpful for discovering and developing new drugs of medicinal valuerelated to natural nitrogenous sesquiterpenoids.

The determination of the Higgs self coupling is one of the key ingredients for understanding the mechanism behind the electroweak symmetry breaking. An indirect method for constraining the Higgs trilinear self coupling via single Higgs production at next-to-leading order (NLO) has been proposed in order to avoid the drawbacks of studies with double Higgs production. In this paper we study the Higgs self interaction through the vector boson fusion (VBF) process $e^{-} p \to \nu_{e} h j$ at the future LHeC. At NLO level, we compute analytically the scattering amplitudes for relevant processes, in particular those induced by the Higgs self interaction. A Monte Carlo simulation and a statistical analysis utilizing the analytic results are then carried out for Higgs production through VBF and decay to $b\bar{b}$, which yield for the trilinear Higgs self-coupling rescaling parameter $\kappa_{\lambda}$ the limit [-0.57, 2.98] with $2~\text{ab}^{-1}$ integrated luminosity. If we assume about 10% of the signal survives the event selection cuts, and include all the background, the constraint will be broadened to [-2.11, 4.63]., Comment: 19 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables

As General Secretary Xi pointed out, we should carry forward socialism with Chinese characteristics, promote social and cultural development and prosperity and march towards the goal of building a socialist culturally powerful country. For the moment, socialism with Chinese characteristics has marched into a new age. As the constructors and the successors of the cause of the construction of socialism, college students have the country’s future and the nation’s hope on their shoulders. As a result, college students should cultivate considerable culture confidence, adhere to the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics, lead and stimulate the cultural innovation and creativity of the entire nation and strive to build a strong socialist cultural country and to realize the Chinese dream, in which the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is achieved. Therefore, it is not only the requirement of the cultural view of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new period of time, but also the need for college students to grow up in the new period of time to study and innovate the education methods of Chinese splendid revolutionary culture, traditional culture, and advanced socialism.

This research was designed to explore the effect of Ma Xing Shi Gan decoction (MXD) in alleviating particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) induced lung injury from the perspective of epithelial barrier protection and inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Rats were exposed to PM2.5 to establish a lung injury model in vivo, and a PM2.5-stimulated primary cultured type II alveolar epithelial cell model was introduced in vitro. Our results indicated that MXD alleviated the weight loss and pathologic changes and improved the epithelial barrier dysfunction. MXD also significantly inhibited the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway, increased the level of ZO-1 and claudin-5, and reversed the EMT process. Notably, the protection of MXD was abolished by TGF-β in vitro. Our results indicated that MXD has a protection against PM2.5-induced lung injury. The proposed mechanism is reversing PM2.5-induced EMT through inhibiting TGF-β/Smad3 pathway and then upregulating the expression of tight-junction proteins.

The transverse momentum dependent (TMD) and collinear higher twist theoretical factorization frameworks are the most frequently used approaches to describing spin dependent hard cross sections weighted by and integrated over transverse momentum. Of particular interest is the contribution from small transverse momentum associated with the target bound state. In phenomenological applications, this contribution is often investigated using transverse momentum weighted integrals that sharply regulate the large transverse momentum contribution, for example with Gaussian parametrizations. Since the result is a kind of hybrid of TMD and collinear (inclusive) treatments, it is important to establish if and how the formalisms are related in applications to weighted integral observables. The suppression of a large transverse momentum tail, for example, can potentially affect the type of evolution that is applicable. We find that a naive version of a widely used identity relating the $k_T^2$-weighted and integrated Sivers TMD function to a renormalized twist-3 function has strongly ambiguous ultraviolet contributions, and that corrections to it are not necessarily perturbatively suppressed. We discuss the implications for applications, arguing in particular that the relevant evolution for transverse momentum weighted and integrated cross sections with sharp effective large transverse momentum cutoffs is of the TMD form rather than the standard renormalization group evolution of collinear correlation functions., Comment: Version appearing in physical review D; fixed grammatical errors

A sensitive and reliable ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of parecoxib and its metabolite valdecoxib in beagles. The effects of dexmedetomidine on the pharmacokinetics of parecoxib and valdecoxib in beagles were studied. The plasma was precipitated by acetonitrile, and the two analytes were separated on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.7 μm); the mobile phase was acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid with gradient mode, and the flow rate was 0.4 mL/min. In the negative ion mode, the two analytes and internal standard (IS) were monitored by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), and the mass transition pairs were as follows: m/z 369.1→119.1 for parecoxib, m/z 313.0→118.0 for valdecoxib, and m/z 380.0→316.0 for celecoxib (IS). Six beagles were designed as a double cycle self-control experiment. In the first cycle, after intramuscular injection of parecoxib 1.33 mg/kg, 1.0 mL blood samples were collected at different times (group A). In the second cycle, the same six beagles were intravenously injected with 2 μg/kg dexmedetomidine for 7 days after one week of washing period. On day 7, after intravenous injection of 2 μg/kg dexmedetomidine for 0.5 hours, 6 beagle dogs were intramuscularly injected with 1.33 mg/kg parecoxib, and blood samples were collected at different time points (group A). The concentration of parecoxib and valdecoxib was detected by UPLC-MS/MS, and the main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS 2.0 software. Under the experimental conditions, the method has a good linear relationship for both analytes. The interday and intraday precision was less than 8.07%; the accuracy values were from -1.20% to 2.76%. Cmax of parecoxib in group A and group B was 2148.59±406.13 ng/mL and 2100.49±356.94 ng/mL, t1/2 was 0.85±0.36 h and 0.85±0.36 h, and AUC0‐t was 2429.96±323.22 ng·h/mL and 2506.38±544.83 ng·h/mL, respectively. Cmax of valdecoxib in group A and group B was 2059.15±281.86 ng/mL and 2837.39±276.78 ng/mL, t1/2 was 2.44±1.55 h and 2.91±1.27 h, and AUC0‐t was 4971.61±696.56 ng·h/mL and 6770.65±453.25 ng·h/mL, respectively. There was no significant change in the pharmacokinetics of parecoxib in groups A and B. Cmax and AUC0−∞ of valdecoxib in group A were 37.79% and 36.19% higher than those in group B, respectively, and t1/2 was increased from 2.44 h to 2.91 h. Vz/F and CLz/F were correspondingly reduced, respectively. The developed UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of parecoxib and valdecoxib in beagle plasma was specific, accurate, rapid, and suitable for the pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions of parecoxib and valdecoxib. Dexmedetomidine can inhibit the metabolism of valdecoxib in beagles and increase the exposure of valdecoxib, but it does not affect the pharmacokinetics of parecoxib.

With the deepening of the progress of reform and opening-up, interaction between China and other countries has become more and more frequent and higher requirement for contemporary university students’ ability in international communication has been raised. Higher education in our country is heading for the goal of internationalization and the cultivation of international talents is also critical. Through SWOT-model-based analysis on the current situation of contemporary university students’ ability in international communication and the cause of it, this passage would elaborate on the advantages and disadvantages, opportunities and threats of the improvement of the ability in international communication. By doing so, one can understand the necessity to improve the ability, on the basis of which an effective scheme to enhance the ability is proposed.