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1. The effects of music therapy on labor pain, childbirth experience, and self-esteem during epidural labor analgesia in primiparas: a non-randomized experimental study

Author: Seong Yeon An, Eun Ji Park, Yu Ri Moon, Bo Young Lee, Eunbyul Lee, Dong Yeon Kim, Seong Hee Jeong, and Jin Kyung Kim
Subjects: labor pain, music therapy, parturition, primiparity, self concept, Nursing, RT1-120
Abstract: Purpose This non-randomized study was performed to evaluate the effects of music therapy on labor pain, the childbirth experience, and self-esteem in women during vaginal delivery. Methods In total, 136 primiparous women over 37 weeks of gestation receiving epidural analgesia during vaginal delivery were recruited via convenience sampling. To minimize diffusion effects, data from the control group (n=71) were collected first (April 2020 to March 2021), followed by data from the music group (n=65; April 2021 to May 2022). Participants in the music group listened to classical music during labor, while the control group was offered usual care (no music). Labor pain was measured using a numeric rating scale (NRS), and self-esteem and childbirth experience were collected using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test, chi-square test and Cronbach’s α coefficients. Results The overall pain level (NRS) at baseline was 0 in both groups. Mothers in the music therapy group had lower levels of latent pain (t=1.95, p=.005), active pain (t=3.69, p
Published: 2023
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2. Corticosteroid outcome may be dependent of duration of use in severe COVID-19

Author: Jin Hyoung Kim, Yong Sub Na, Song-I Lee, Youn Young Moon, Beom Seuk Hwang, Ae-Rin Baek, Won-Young Kim, Bo Young Lee, Gil Myeong Seong, and Moon Seong Baek
Subjects: covid-19, steroids, oxygen inhalation therapy, respiration, artificial, mortality, Medicine
Abstract: Background/Aims For patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who require supplemental oxygen, the evidence of the optimal duration of corticosteroid is limited. This study aims to identify whether long-term use of corticosteroids is associated with decreased mortality. Methods Between February 10, 2020 and October 31, 2021, we analyzed consecutive hospitalized patients with COVID-19 with severe hypoxemia. The patients were divided into short-term (≤ 14 days) and long-term (> 14 days) corticosteroid users. The primary outcome was 60-day mortality. We performed propensity score (PS) analysis to mitigate the effect of confounders and conducted Kaplan-Meier curve analysis. Results There were 141 (52%) short-term users and 130 (48%) long-term corticosteroid users. The median age was 68 years and the median PaO2/FiO2 at admission was 158. Of the patients, 40.6% required high-flow nasal cannula, 48.3% required mechanical ventilation, and 11.1% required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The overall 60-day mortality rate was 23.2%, and that of patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) was 22.9%. The Kaplan-Meier curve for 60-day survival in the PS-matched cohort showed that corticosteroid for > 14 days was associated with decreased mortality (p = 0.0033). There were no significant differences in bacteremia and HAP between the groups. An adjusted odds ratio for the risk of 60-day mortality in short-term users was 5.53 (95% confidence interval, 1.90–18.26; p = 0.003). Conclusions For patients with severe COVID-19, long-term use of corticosteroids was associated with decreased mortality, with no increase in nosocomial complications. Corticosteroid use for > 14 days can benefit patients with severe COVID-19.
Published: 2023
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3. Development of an implantable collamer lens sizing model: a retrospective study using ANTERION swept-source optical coherence tomography and a literature review

Author: Taein Kim, Su Jeong Kim, Bo Young Lee, Hye Jin Cho, Beom Gi Sa, Ik Hee Ryu, Jin Kuk Kim, In Sik Lee, Eoksoo Han, Hyungsu Kim, and Tae Keun Yoo
Subjects: ANTERION, Implantable collamer lens, Lens sizing, Postoperative vault, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract: Abstract Background Optimal sizing for phakic intraocular lens (EVO-ICL with KS-AquaPort) implantation plays an important role in preventing postoperative complications. We aimed to formulate optimal lens sizing using ocular biometric parameters measured with a Heidelberg anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) device. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 892 eyes of 471 healthy subjects treated with an intraocular collamer lens (ICL) and assigned them to either the development (80%) or validation (20%) set. We built vault prediction models using the development set via classic linear regression methods as well as partial least squares and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression techniques. We evaluated prediction abilities based on the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) to select the best prediction model. The performance was measured using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and the mean squared error (MAE) between the achieved and predicted results. Results Measurements of aqueous depth (AQD), anterior chamber volume, anterior chamber angle (ACA) distance, spur-to-spur distance, crystalline lens thickness (LT), and white-to-white distance from ANTERION were highly associated with the ICL vault. The LASSO model using the AQD, ACA distance, and LT showed the best BIC results for postoperative ICL vault prediction. In the validation dataset, the LASSO model showed the strongest correlation (r = 0.582, P
Published: 2023
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4. Clinical outcomes of and risk factors for secondary infection in patients with severe COVID-19: a multicenter cohort study in South Korea

Author: Yong Sub Na, Ae-Rin Baek, Moon Seong Baek, Won-Young Kim, Jin Hyoung Kim, Bo young Lee, Gil Myeong Seong, and Song-I Lee
Subjects: bacterial infections, covid-19, critical care, sars-cov-2, coinfection, Medicine
Abstract: Background/Aims Secondary infection with influenza virus occurs in critically ill patients and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality; however, there is limited information about it in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Thus, we investigated the clinical outcomes of and risk factors for secondary infections in patients with severe COVID-19. Methods This study included patients with severe COVID-19 who were admitted to seven hospitals in South Korea between February 2020 to February 2021. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess factors associated with the risk of secondary infections. Results Of the 348 included patients, 104 (29.9%) had at least one infection. There was no statistically significant difference in the 28-day mortality (17.3% vs. 12.3%, p = 0.214), but in-hospital mortality was higher (29.8% vs. 15.2%, p = 0.002) in the infected group than in the non-infected group. The risk factors for secondary infection were a high frailty scale (odds ratio [OR], 1.314; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.123 to 1.538; p = 0.001), steroid use (OR, 3.110; 95% CI, 1.164 to 8.309; p = 0.024), and the application of mechanical ventilation (OR, 4.653; 95% CI, 2.533 to 8.547; p < 0.001). Conclusions In-hospital mortality was more than doubled in patients with severe COVID-19 and secondary infections. A high frailty scale, the use of steroids and application of mechanical ventilation were risk factors for secondary infection.
Published: 2023
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5. In-hospital mortality prediction using frailty scale and severity score in elderly patients with severe COVID-19

Author: Yong Sub Na, Jin Hyoung Kim, Moon Seong Baek, Won-Young Kim, Ae-Rin Baek, Bo young Lee, Gil Myeong Seong, and Song-I Lee
Subjects: covid-19, critical care, elderly, mortality, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract: Background Elderly patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have a high disease severity and mortality. However, the use of the frailty scale and severity score to predict in-hospital mortality in the elderly is not well established. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the use of these scores in COVID-19 cases in the elderly. Methods This multicenter retrospective study included severe COVID-19 patients admitted to seven hospitals in Korea from February 2020 to February 2021. We evaluated patients’ Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score; confusion, urea nitrogen, respiratory rate, blood pressure, 65 years of age and older (CURB-65) score; modified early warning score (MEWS); Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score; clinical frailty scale (CFS) score; and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). We evaluated the predictive value using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results The study included 318 elderly patients with severe COVID-19 of whom 237 (74.5%) were survivors and 81 (25.5%) were non-survivors. The non-survivor group was older and had more comorbidities than the survivor group. The CFS, CCI, APACHE II, SOFA, CURB-65, and MEWS scores were higher in the non-survivor group than in the survivor group. When analyzed using the ROC curve, SOFA score showed the best performance in predicting the prognosis of elderly patients (area under the curve=0.766, P
Published: 2022
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6. Clinical Experiences of High-Risk Pulmonary Thromboembolism Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Single Institution

Author: Joonyong Jang, So-My Koo, Ki-Up Kim, Yang-Ki Kim, Soo-taek Uh, Gae-Eil Jang, Wonho Chang, and Bo Young Lee
Subjects: pulmonary embolism, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, cardiac arrest, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract: Background The main cause of death in pulmonary embolism (PE) is right-heart failure due to acute pressure overload. In this sense, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) might be useful in maintaining hemodynamic stability and improving organ perfusion. Some previous studies have reported ECMO as a bridge to reperfusion therapy of PE. However, little is known about the patients that benefit from ECMO. Methods Patients who underwent ECMO due to pulmonary thromboembolism at a single university-affiliated hospital between January 2010 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Results During the study period, nine patients received ECMO in high-risk PE. The median age of the patients was 60 years (range, 22–76 years), and six (66.7%) were male. All nine patients had cardiac arrests, of which three occurred outside the hospital. All the patients received mechanical support with veno-arterial ECMO, and the median ECMO duration was 1.1 days (range, 0.2–14.0 days). ECMO with anticoagulation alone was performed in six (66.7%), and ECMO with reperfusion therapy was done in three (33.3%). The 30-day mortality rate was 77.8%. The median time taken from the first cardiac arrest to initiation of ECMO was 31 minutes (range, 30–32 minutes) in survivors (n=2) and 65 minutes (range, 33–482 minutes) in non-survivors (n=7). Conclusion High-risk PE with cardiac arrest has a high mortality rate despite aggressive management with ECMO and reperfusion therapy. Early decision to start ECMO and its rapid initiation might help save those with cardiac arrest in high-risk PE.
Published: 2022
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7. The Paleoproterozoic Evolution of Basement Rocks of the Taebaeksan Basin, Korean Peninsula, and Their Correlation to Those of the Paleoproterozoic Massifs in the Korean Peninsula

Author: Bo Young Lee, Deung-Lyong Cho, Chang Whan Oh, Byung Choon Lee, and Seung Hwan Lee
Subjects: Imgye gabbroic diorite, Jungbongsan granite, Paleoproterozoic, Taebaeksan basin, Yeongnam massif, Mineralogy, QE351-399.2
Abstract: The Korean Peninsula mainly comprises the Paleoproterozoic Gwanmo, Nangnim, Gyeonggi, and Yeongnam massifs from north to south. The Paleoproterozoic basement is rarely exposed in the Paleozoic Taebaeksan basin, which is located in the northeastern part of the Okcheon belt between the Gyeonggi and Yeongnam massifs. One of the most important issues in the tectonic interpretation of the Korean Peninsula is whether Paleoproterozoic rocks in the Taebaeksan basin have an affinity with those in the Gyeonggi or Yeongnam massifs. To solve this problem, we focused on the petrogenesis of the Imgye gabbroic diorite, Jungbongsan granite, and Jangsan quartzite in the Imgye area of the Taebaeksan basin. The Imgye gabbroic diorite shows mafic to intermediate compositions with slightly enriched LREEs compared to HREEs, slightly positive Rb, K, and Pb anomalies, and negative Ta, Nb, and P anomalies. The Imgye gabbroic diorite formed in a volcanic arc tectonic setting. The geochemical compositions of the Jungbongsan granite show enriched LREEs compared to HREEs with negative Eu anomalies, and reveal strong positive Rb, Th, K, and Pb anomalies with negative Ba, Ta, Nb, Sr, P, Eu, and Ti anomalies. This Jungbongsan granite also formed in an arc tectonic setting like the Imgye gabbroic diorite. LA-ICP-MS zircon age dating of the Imgye gabbroic diorite gives an intrusion age of 1948 ± 21 Ma, whereas SHRIMP U–Pb zircon age dating on the Jungbongsan granite yields an emplacement age of 1873 ± 14 Ma. The εHf(t) values of the Imgye gabbroic diorite are from 3.5 to 9.7, whereas those of the Jungbongsan granite are from −2.9 to 0.6. These data imply that the Imgye gabbroic diorite formed from a depleted mantle in the arc tectonic environment, whereas the Jungbongsan granite formed by reworking pre-existing crust material in the arc environment. The detrital zircons in the Jangsan quartzite show ages ranging from 3.06 to 1.85 Ga, with a peak concentration of ca. 2.5 Ga. Previous studies have suggested that the northern Gyeonggi and Nangnim massifs underwent collision-related magmatism and metamorphism at ca. 1.93–1.90 Ga, and then post-collisional magmatism and metamorphism at ca. 1.89–1.83 Ga, whereas the southern Gyeonggi massif underwent subduction-related magmatism and metamorphism at ca. 1.94–1.92 Ga, and then post-collision-related magmatism and metamorphism at ca. 1.84–1.78 Ga. By contrast, subduction-related events were recognized in the northern Yeongnam massif at ca 2.02–1.96 Ga and 1.90–1.85 Ga. This work, combined with the previous studies, suggests that the Paleoproterozoic basement in the Imgye area of the Taebaeksan basin can be correlated with the Paleoproterozoic basement of the northern Yeongnam massif rather than with those of the Nangnim and Gyeonggi massifs.
Published: 2023
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8. Relationship between angiography timing and angiographic visualization of extravasation in patients with acute non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding

Author: Chungjo Choi, Hyun Lim, Min-Jeong Kim, Bo Young Lee, Sung-Yeun Kim, Jae Seung Soh, Ho Suk Kang, Sung Hoon Moon, and Jong Hyeok Kim
Subjects: Angiography, Endovascular, Gastrointestinal bleeding, Trans-arterial embolization, Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, RC799-869
Abstract: Abstract Background Angiographic embolization is now considered the first-line therapy for acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding refractory to endoscopic therapy. The success of angiographic embolization depends on the detection of the bleeding site. This study aimed to identify the clinical and procedural predictors for the angiographic visualization of extravasation, including angiography timing, as well as analyze the outcomes of angiographic embolization according to the angiographic visualization of extravasation. Methods The clinical and procedural data of 138 consecutive patients (mean age, 66.5 years; 65.9% men) who underwent angiography with or without embolization for acute non-variceal GI bleeding between February 2008 and July 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Of the 138 patients, 58 (42%) had active extravasation on initial angiography and 113 (81.9%) underwent embolization. The angiographic visualization of extravasation was significantly higher in patients with diabetes (p = 0.036), a low platelet count (p = 0.048), high maximum heart rate (p = 0.002) and AIMS65 score (p = 0.026), upper GI bleeding (p = 0.025), and short time-to-angiography (p = 0.031). The angiographic embolization was successful in all angiograms, with angiographic visualization of extravasation (100%). The clinical success of patients without angiographic visualization of extravasation (83.9%) was significantly higher than that of patients with angiographic visualization of extravasation (65.5%) (p = 0.004). In multivariate analysis, the time-to-angiography (odds ratio 0.373 [95% CI 0.154–0.903], p = 0.029) was the only significant predictor associated with the angiographic visualization of extravasation. The cutoff value of time-to-angiography was 5.0 h, with a sensitivity and specificity of 79.3% and 47.5%, respectively (p = 0.012). Conclusions Angiography timing is an important factor that is associated with the angiographic visualization of extravasation in patients with acute GI bleeding. Angiography should be performed early in the course of bleeding in critically ill patients.
Published: 2020
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9. Persistent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 detection after resolution of coronavirus disease 2019-associated symptoms/signs

Author: Se Yoon Park, Soon Gyu Yun, Jeong Won Shin, Bo Young Lee, Hyo-Ju Son, Seungjae Lee, Eunjung Lee, and Tae Hyong Kim
Subjects: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, covid-19, virus shedding, Medicine
Abstract: There are limited data on the duration of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in respiratory specimens after resolution of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated symptoms/signs. We determined duration of SARS-CoV-2 virus shedding in symptomatic patients after remission of symptoms. We investigated the duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs or sputum or saliva. Six patients were included in the final analysis. The median (range) duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral detection after hospitalization was 34 days (22 to 67). After resolution of symptoms/signs, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected for median (range) of 26 days (9 to 48). Among the six patients, one had persistent detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA until day 67 of hospitalization, which was 30 days after symptom resolution. This case represents the longest duration of SARS-CoV-2 detection, and highlights the need for long-term follow up of COVID-19 patients despite resolution of symptoms to confirm SARS-CoV-2 clearance.
Published: 2020
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10. ROX index and SpO2/FiO2 ratio for predicting high-flow nasal cannula failure in hypoxemic COVID-19 patients: A multicenter retrospective study.

Author: Jin Hyoung Kim, Ae-Rin Baek, Song-I Lee, Won-Young Kim, Yong Sub Na, Bo Young Lee, Gil Myeong Seong, and Moon Seong Baek
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: BackgroundThe ratio of oxygen saturation (ROX) index, defined as the ratio of oxygen saturation (SpO2)/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) to respiratory rate, can help identify patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure at high risk for intubation following high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) initiation; however, whether it is effective for predicting intubation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients receiving HFNC remains unknown. Moreover, the SpO2/FiO2 ratio has been assessed as a prognostic marker for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. This study aimed to determine the utility of the ROX index and the SpO2/FiO2 ratio as predictors of failure in COVID-19 patients who received HFNC.MethodsThis multicenter study was conducted in seven university-affiliated hospitals in Korea. Data of consecutive hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between February 10, 2020 and February 28, 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. We calculated the ROX index and the SpO2/FiO2 ratio at 1 h, 4 h, and 12 h after HFNC initiation. The primary outcome was HFNC failure defined as the need for subsequent intubation despite HFNC application. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate discrimination of prediction models for HFNC failure.ResultsOf 1,565 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 133 who received HFNC were analyzed. Among them, 63 patients (47.4%) were successfully weaned from HFNC, and 70 (52.6%) were intubated. Among patients with HFNC failure, 32 (45.7%) died. The SpO2/FiO2 ratio at 1 h after HFNC initiation was an important predictor of HFNC failure (AUC 0.762 [0.679-0.846]). The AUCs of SpO2/FiO2 ratio at 4 h and ROX indices at 1 h and 4 h were 0.733 (0.640-0.826), 0.697 (0.597-0.798), and 0.682 (0.583-0.781), respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that the patients aged ≥70 years are 3.4 times more likely to experience HFNC failure than those aged ConclusionsThe SpO2/FiO2 ratio following HFNC initiation was an acceptable predictor of HFNC failure. The SpO2/FiO2 ratio may be a good prognostic marker for predicting intubation in COVID-9 patients receiving HFNC.
Published: 2022
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11. Utility of Computed Tomography in a Differential Diagnosis for the Patients with an Initial Diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbation

Author: Hyung Jun Park, M.D., Soo Han Kim, M.D., Ho-Cheol Kim, M.D., Bo Young Lee, M.D., Ph.D., Sei Won Lee, M.D., Ph.D., Jae Seung Lee, M.D., Ph.D., Sang-Do Lee, M.D., Ph.D., Joon Beom Seo, M.D., Ph.D., and Yeon-Mok Oh, M.D., Ph.D.
Subjects: disease exacerbation, pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive, hospitalization, tomography, x-ray computed, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract: Background The utility of computed tomography (CT) in the differential diagnosis of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation remains uncertain. However, due to the low cost associated with CT scan along with the impact of Koreas' health insurance system, there has been a rise in the number of CT scans in the patients with initial diagnosis of COPD exacerbations. Therefore, the utility of CT in the differential diagnosis was investigated to determine whether performing CT scans affect the clinical outcomes of the patients with an initial diagnosis of COPD exacerbation. Methods This study involved 202 COPD patients hospitalized with an initial diagnosis of COPD exacerbation. We evaluated the change in diagnosis or treatment after performing a CT scan, and compared the clinical outcomes of patient groups with vs. without performing CT (non-CT group vs. CT group). Results After performing CT, the diagnosis was changed for two (3.0%) while additional diagnoses were made for 27 of the 64 patients (42.1%). However, the treatment changed for only one (1.5%), and six patients (9.3%) received supplementary medication. There were no difference in the median length of hospital stay (8 [6–13] days vs. 8 [6–12] days, p=0.786) and intensive care unit care (14 [10.1%] vs. 11 [16.7%], p=0.236) between the CT and non-CT groups, respectively. These findings remained consistent even after the propensity score matching. Conclusion Utility of CT in patients with acute COPD exacerbation might not be helpful; therefore, we do not recommend chest CT scan as a routine initial diagnostic tool.
Published: 2019
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12. Rapid response systems in Korea

Author: Bo Young Lee and Sang-Bum Hong
Subjects: hospital medical emergency team, hospital rapid response team, patient safety, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract: The inpatient treatment process is becoming more and more complicated with advanced treatments, aging of the patient population, and multiple comorbidities. During the process, patients often experience unexpected deterioration, about half of which might be preventable. Early identification of patient deterioration and the proper response are priorities in most healthcare facilities. A rapid response system (RRS) is a safety net to identify antecedents of these adverse events and to respond in a timely manner. The RRS has become an essential part of the medical system worldwide, supported by all major quality improvement organizations. An RRS consists of a trigger system and response team and needs constant assessment and process improvement. Although the effectiveness and cost-benefit of RRS remain controversial, according to previous studies, it may be beneficial by decreasing in-hospital cardiac arrest and mortality. Since the first implementation of RRS in Korea in 2008, it has been developed in over 15 medical centers and continues to expand. Recent accreditation standards and an RRS pilot program by the Korean government will promote the proliferation of RRSs in Korea.
Published: 2019
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13. Rapid Tumor Targeting of Renal-Clearable ZW800-1 Conjugate for Efficient Photothermal Cancer Therapy

Author: Min Ho Park, Gayoung Jo, Bo Young Lee, Eun Jeong Kim, and Hoon Hyun
Subjects: zwitterionic fluorophores, ZW800-1, photothermal therapy, tumor targeting, renal clearance, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: The combination of near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores and photothermal therapy (PTT) provides a new opportunity for safe and effective cancer treatment. However, the precise molecular design of functional NIR fluorophores with desired properties, such as high tumor targetability and low nonspecific uptake, remains challenging. In this study, a renal-clearable NIR fluorophore conjugate with high tumor targetability was developed for efficient photothermal cancer therapy. The isoniazid (INH)–ZW800-1 conjugate (INH–ZW) was synthesized by conjugating an antibiotic drug, INH, with a well-known zwitterionic NIR fluorophore, ZW800-1, to improve in vivo performance and fluorescence-guided cancer phototherapy. INH–ZW not only showed rapid tumor accumulation without nonspecific tissue/organ uptake within 1 h after the injection but also generated thermal energy to induce cancer cell death under NIR laser irradiation. Compared with previously reported ZW800-1 conjugates, INH–ZW preserved the ideal biodistribution of ZW800-1 and facilitated improved tumor targeting and PTT. Together, these results demonstrate that the INH–ZW conjugate has great potential to serve as an effective PTT agent capable of rapid tumor targeting and high renal clearance, with excellent photothermal efficacy.
Published: 2021
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14. Injectable Glycol Chitosan Hydrogel Containing Folic Acid-Functionalized Cyclodextrin-Paclitaxel Complex for Breast Cancer Therapy

Author: Hoon Hyun, Min Ho Park, Gayoung Jo, Bo Young Lee, Jae Won Choi, Heung Jae Chun, Hyeon Soo Kim, and Dae Hyeok Yang
Subjects: glycol chitosan, beta-cyclodextrin, polyethylene glycol, folic acid, breast cancer therapy, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: We prepared a drug carrier which consisted of injectable methacrylated glycol chitosan (MGC) hydrogel, and a conjugate of 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin⋅hydrochloride (6-NH2-β-CD⋅HCl), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and folic acid (FA) for the local delivery and improved cellular uptake of paclitaxel (PTX) (MGC/CDPF-ic-PTX). CDPF refers to a conjugate of 6-NH2-β-CD⋅HCl, PEG, and FA. The anti-cancer effect was investigated using a xenograft mouse model. As controls, the animal study on MGC/PTX and MGC/CD-ic-PTX was performed. The swelling ratio of all samples was analyzed for 7 days, and it showed a gradual increase for 3 days and a maintained state afterward. From the release result, the MGC-based samples have an initial burst for 1 day and a sustained release for 7 days. Results of cytotoxicity and animal study showed the biocompatibility and superior anti-cancer effect of MGC/CDPF-ic-PTX against breast cancer. Furthermore, histological results showed the anti-cancer capacity of MGC/CDPF-ic-PTX against breast cancer. These findings suggest that MGC/CDPF-ic-PTX has clinical potential for breast cancer therapy.
Published: 2021
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15. Indocyanine Green and Methyl-β-Cyclodextrin Complex for Enhanced Photothermal Cancer Therapy

Author: Gayoung Jo, Bo Young Lee, Eun Jeong Kim, Min Ho Park, and Hoon Hyun
Subjects: photothermal therapy, indocyanine green, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, inclusion complex, near-infrared fluorescence imaging, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: A feasible and biocompatible supramolecular complex self-assembled from indocyanine green (ICG) and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (Mβ-CD) was developed for targeted cancer imaging, which enhanced fluorescence-guided photothermal cancer therapy. This study confirmed that the formation of an inclusion complex of the heterocyclic ICG moiety and Mβ-CD inner cavity could result in improved tumor targetability compared with free ICG. The ICG-CD complex could be used as a bifunctional phototherapeutic agent for targeted cancer phototherapy due to the high tumor targetability of the Mβ-CD moiety and effective photothermal performance of the near-infrared (NIR) ICG moiety. Upon NIR laser irradiation, the photothermal effect exerted by the ICG-CD complex significantly enhanced the temperature at the tumor site by 56.2 °C within 5 min. Targeting HT-29 tumors using the ICG-CD complex resulted in an apparent reduction in tumor volumes over the 9 days after photothermal treatment. Moreover, no tumor recurrence or body weight loss were observed after administering a single dose of ICG-CD complex with NIR laser irradiation. Therefore, the administration of the biocompatible ICG-CD complex in combination with NIR laser treatment can be safely explored as a potential strategy for future clinical applications.
Published: 2020
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16. The Origin of the Regional Difference in Distribution of Daegucheon Alleys

Author: Un Gun Song and Bo Young Lee
Published: 2022

17. A Study on the Design Direction of Smart Air Purifier Application GUI through Data Tracking-Based Usability Convergence Evaluation

Author: Kyong Jin Park, Bo Young Lee, A Hyun Kim, and Ji wook Lim
Published: 2022

18. Physical and Chemical Compatibilization Treatment with Modified Aminosilanes for Aluminum/Polyamide Adhesion

Author: Bo-Young Lee, Hyun-Gyu Jeong, Sung Jun Kim, Beom-Goo Kang, and Keon-Soo Jang
Subjects: General Chemical Engineering, General Chemistry
Abstract: Metal/polymer bilayer composites feature high strength-to-weight ratios and low manufacturing costs despite the weak interfacial adhesion between their components. In this study, aluminum surfaces were modified to generate microporous architectures and hydroxyl moieties by various physical and chemical treatments, including thermal, plasma, anodizing, and hexafluorozirconic acid treatments to overcome the weak interfacial adhesion. The maximum shear strength of the obtained metal/polymer bilayer composites was achieved by anodizing treatment, whereas all treatment methods substantially improved the material toughness. In addition, modified compatibilizing agents with tailorable hydroxyl moieties were applied to enhance the interfacial adhesion using aminoethylaminopropyl trimethoxysilane (AEAPS) and modified AEAPS as a coupling agent. AEAPS modified by monoepoxide (glycidol) produced the strongest positive effect on the composite mechanical properties. These findings can be useful in a myriad of metal/polymer multilayer composites.
Published: 2022

19. Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study

Author: Tài, Pham, Leo, Heunk, Giacomo, Bellani, Fabiana, Madotto, Irene, Aragao, Gaëtan, Beduneau, Ewan C, Goligher, Giacomo, Grasselli, Jon Henrik, Laake, Jordi, Mancebo, Oscar, Peñuela, Lise, Piquilloud, Antonio, Pesenti, Hannah, Wunsch, Frank, van Haren, Laurent, Brochard, John G, Laffey, Abrough, Fekri, P Acharya, Subhash, Amin, Pravin, Arabi, Yaseen, Aragao, Irene, Bauer, Philippe, Beduneau, Gaëtan, Beitler, Jeremy, Berkius, Johan, Bugedo, Guillermo, Camporota, Luigi, Cerny, Vladimir, Cho, Young-Jae, Clarkson, Kevin, Estenssoro, Elisa, Goligher, Ewan, Grasselli, Giacomo, Gritsan, Alexey, Mohammadreza Hashemian, Seyed, Hermans, Greet, M Heunks, Leo, Jovanovic, Bojan, Kurahashi, Kiyoyasu, Henrik Laake, Jon, Matamis, Dimitrio, Moerer, Onnen, Molnar, Zsolt, Ozyilmaz, Ezgi, Panka, Bernardo, Papali, Alfred, Peñuelas, Óscar, Perbet, Sébastien, Piquilloud, Lise, Qiu, Haibo, Abdel Razek, Assem, Rittayamai, Nuttapol, Roldan, Rollin, Serpa Neto, Ary, Szuldrzynski, Konstanty, Talmor, Daniel, Tomescu, Dana, Van Haren, Frank, Villagomez, Asisclo, Ali Zeggwagh, Amine, Abe, Toshikazu, Aboshady, Abdelrhman, Acampo-de Jong, Melanie, Acharya, Subhash, Adderley, Jane, Adiguzel, Nalan, Kumar Agrawal, Vijay, Aguilar, Gerardo, Aguirre, Gaston, Aguirre-Bermeo, Hernan, Ahlström, Björn, Akbas, Türkay, Akker, Mustafa, Al Sadeh, Ghamdan, Alamri, Sultan, Algaba, Angela, Ali, Muneeb, Aliberti, Anna, Manuel Allegue, Jose, Alvarez, Diana, Amador, Joaquin, H Andersen, Finn, Ansari, Sharique, Apichatbutr, Yutthana, Apostolopoulou, Olympia, Arellano, Daniel, Arica, Mestanza, Arikan, Huseyin, Arinaga, Koichi, Arnal, Jean-Michel, Asano, Kengo, Asín-Corrochano, Marta, Milagrito Avalos Cabrera, Jesu, Avila Fuentes, Silvia, Aydemir, Semih, Aygencel, Gulbin, Azevedo, Luciano, Bacakoglu, Feza, Badie, Julio, Baedorf Kassis, Elia, Bai, Gabriela, Balaraj, Govindan, Ballico, Bruno, Banner-Goodspeed, Valerie, Banwarie, Preveen, Barbieri, Rosella, Baronia, Arvind, Barrett, Jonathan, Barrot, Loïc, Emilio Barrueco-Francioni, Jesu, Barry, Jeffrey, Bawangade, Harshal, Beavis, Sarah, Beck, Eduardo, Beehre, Nina, Belenguer Muncharaz, Alberto, Bellani, Giacomo, Belliato, Mirko, Bellissima, Agrippino, Beltramelli, Rodrigo, Ben Souissi, Asma, Benitez-Cano, Adela, Benlamin, Mohamed, Benslama, Abdellatif, Bento, Lui, Benvenuti, Daniela, Bernabe, Laura, Bersten, Andrew, Berta, Giacomo, Bertini, Pietro, Bertram-Ralph, Elliot, Besbes, Mohamed, Roberto Bettini, Lisandro, Beuret, Pascal, Bewley, Jeremy, Bezzi, Marco, Bhakhtiani, Lakshay, Bhandary, Rakesh, Bhowmick, Kaushik, Bihari, Shailesh, Bissett, Bernie, Blythe, David, Bocher, Simon, Boedjawan, Narain, M Bojanowski, Christine, Boni, Elisa, Boraso, Sabrina, Borelli, Massimo, Borello, Silvina, Borislavova, Margarita, J Bosma, Karen, Bottiroli, Maurizio, Boyd, Owen, Bozbay, Suha, Briva, Arturo, Brochard, Laurent, Bruel, Cédric, Bruni, Andrea, Buehner, Ulrike, Bulpa, Pierre, Burt, Karen, Buscot, Mathieu, Buttera, Stefania, Cabrera, Jorge, Caccese, Roberta, Caironi, Pietro, Canchos Gutierrez, Ivan, Canedo, Nancy, Cani, Alma, Cappellini, Iacopo, Carazo, Jesu, Pablo Cardonnet, Lui, Carpio, David, Carriedo, Demetrio, Carrillo, Ramón, Carvalho, João, Caser, Eliana, Castelli, Antonio, Castillo Quintero, Manuel, Castro, Heloisa, Catorze, Nuno, Cengiz, Melike, Cereijo, Enrique, Ceunen, Helga, Chaintoutis, Christo, Chang, Youjin, Chaparro, Gustavogcha, Chapman, Carmel, Chau, Simon, Eugenia Chavez, Cecilia, Chelazzi, Cosimo, Chelly, Jonathan, Chemouni, Frank, Chen, Kai, Chena, Ariel, Chiarandini, Paolo, Chilton, Phil, Chiumello, Davide, Chou-Lie, Yvette, Chudeau, Nicola, Cinel, Ismail, Cinnella, Gilda, Clark, Michele, Clark, Thoma, Clementi, Stefano, Coaguila, Lui, Jaspe Codecido, Alexi, Collins, Amy, Colombo, Riccardo, Conde, Juan, Consales, Guglielmo, Cook, Tim, Coppadoro, Andrea, Cornejo, Rodrigo, Cortegiani, Andrea, Coxo, Cristina, Neville Cracchiolo, Andrea, Crespo Ramirez, Mónica, Crova, Philippe, Cruz, José, Cubattoli, Lucia, Çukurova, Zafer, Curto, Francesco, Czempik, Piotr, D'Andrea, Rocco, da Silva Ramos, Fernando, Dangers, Laurence, Danguy des Déserts, Marc, Danin, Pierre-Eric, Dantas, Fabianne, Daubin, Cédric, Dawei, Wu, de Haro, Candelaria, de Jesus Montelongo, Felipe, De Mendoza, Diego, de Pablo, Raúl, De Pascale, Gennaro, De Rosa, Silvia, Decavèle, Maxen, Declercq, Pierre-Loui, Deicas, Alberto, Del Carmen Campos Moreno, María, Dellamonica, Jean, Delmas, Benjamin, Demirkiran, Oktay, Demirkiran, Hilmi, Dendane, Tarek, di Mussi, Rossella, Diakaki, Chrysi, Diaz, Anatilde, Diaz, Willy, Dikmen, Yalim, Dimoula, Aikaterini, Doble, Patricia, Doha, Nagwa, Domingos, Guilherme, Dres, Martin, Dries, David, Duggal, Abhijit, Duke, Graeme, Dunts, Pavel, Dybwik, Knut, Dykyy, Maksym, Eckert, Philippe, Efe, Serdar, Elatrous, Souheil, Elay, Gülseren, S Elmaryul, Abubaker, Elsaadany, Mohamed, Elsayed, Hany, Elsayed, Samar, Emery, Malo, Ena, Sébastien, Eng, Kevin, A Englert, Joshua, Erdogan, Elif, Ergin Ozcan, Perihan, Eroglu, Ege, Escobar, Miguel, Esen, Figen, Esen Tekeli, Arzu, Esquivel, Alejandro, Esquivel Gallegos, Helbert, Ezzouine, Hanane, Facchini, Alberto, Faheem, Mohammad, Fanelli, Vito, Fernanda Farina, Maria, Fartoukh, Muriel, Fehrle, Lutz, Feng, Feng, Feng, Yufeng, Fernandez, Irene, Fernandez, Borja, Lorena Fernandez-Rodriguez, Maria, Ferrando, Carlo, João Ferreira da Silva, Maria, Ferreruela, Mireia, Ferrier, Janet, Jesús Flamm Zamorano, Matia, Flood, Laura, Floris, Leda, Fluckiger, Martin, Forteza, Catalina, Fortunato, Antonella, Frans, Eric, Frattari, Antonella, Fredes, Sebastian, Frenzel, Tim, Fumagalli, Roberto, Andres Furche, Mariano, Fusari, Maurizio, Fysh, Edward, Luis Galeas-Lopez, Juan, Galerneau, Louis-Marie, Garcia, Analía, Fernanda Garcia, María, Garcia, Elisabet, Garcia Olivares, Pablo, Garlicki, Jaroslaw, Garnero, Aude, Garofalo, Eugenio, Gautam, Prabha, Gazenkampf, Andrey, Gelinotte, Stéphanie, Gelormini, Domenico, Ghrenassia, Etienne, Giacomucci, Angelo, Giannoni, Robert, Gigante, Andrea, Glober, Nancy, Gnesin, Paolo, Gollo, Yari, Gomaa, Dina, Gomero Paredes, Rosita, Gomes, Rui, Alejandro Gomez, Raúl, Gomez, Oscar, Gomez, Aroa, Gondim, Louise, Gonzalez, Manuel, Gonzalez, Isabel, Gonzalez-Castro, Alejandro, Gordillo Romero, Orlando, Gordo, Federico, Gouin, Philippe, Graf Santos, Jerónimo, Grainne, Rooney, Grando, Matilde, Granov Grabovica, Sanja, Grasso, Salvatore, Grasso, Rinaldo, Grimmer, Lisa, Grissom, Colin, Gu, Qing, Guan, Xiang-Dong, Guarracino, Fabio, Guasch, Neu, Guatteri, Luca, Gueret, Renaud, Guérin, Claude, Guerot, Emmanuel, Guitard, Pierre-Gilda, Gül, Fethi, Gumus, Ayca, Gurjar, Mohan, Gutierrez, Patricia, Hachimi, Abdelhamid, Hadzibegovic, Adi, Hagan, Samantha, Hammel, Clare, Han Song, Joo, Hanlon, Gabrielle, Heines, Serge, Henriksson, Johanna, Herbrecht, Jean-Etienne, Omar Heredia Orbegoso, Gabriel, Hermon, Andrew, Hernandez, Rosana, Hernandez, Carmen, Herrera, Lui, Herrera-Gutierrez, Manuel, Heunks, Leo, Hidalgo, Juan, Hill, Dianne, Holmquist, Dagmar, Homez, Marcela, Hongtao, Xia, Hormis, Anil, Horner, Daniel, Carmen Hornos, M, Hou, Meihong, House, Stacy, Housni, Brahim, Hugill, Keith, Humphreys, Sally, Humbert, Loui, Hunter, Stephanie, Hwa Young, Lee, Iezzi, Nicola, Ilutovich, Santiago, Inal, Volkan, Innes, Richard, Ioannides, Panagioti, Antonio Iotti, Giorgio, Ippolito, Mariachiara, Irie, Hiromasa, Iriyama, Hiroki, Itagaki, Taiga, Izura, Javier, Izza, Santiago, Jabeen, Rakhshanda, Jamaati, Hamidreza, Jamadarkhana, Sunil, Jamoussi, Amira, Jankowski, Milosz, Alberto Jaramillo, Lui, Jeon, Kyeongman, Jeong Lee, Seok, Jeswani, Deepak, Jha, Simant, Jiang, Liangyan, Jing, Chen, Jochmans, Sébastien, Anders Johnstad, Bror, Jongmin, Lee, Joret, Aurélie, Junhasavasdikul, Detajin, Teresa Jurado, Maria, Kam, Elisa, Kamohara, Hidenobu, Kane, Caroline, Kara, Iskender, Karakurt, Sait, Karnjanarachata, Cherdkiat, Kataoka, Jun, Katayama, Shinshu, Kaushik, Shuchi, Kelebek Girgin, Nermin, Kerr, Kathryn, Kerslake, Ian, Khairnar, Prakash, Khalid, Abidi, Khan, Akram, K Khanna, Ashish, Khorasanee, Reza, Kienhorst, Dieneke, Kirakli, Cenk, Knafelj, Rihard, Kol Kol, Mark, Kongpolprom, Napplika, Kopitko, Csaba, Korkmaz Ekren, Pervin, Kubisz-Pudelko, Agnieszka, Kulcsar, Zoltan, Kumasawa, Junji, Kuriyama, Akira, Kutchak, Fernanda, Labarca, Eduardo, Labat, Françoise, Laborda, César, Alberto Laca Barrera, Manuel, Lagache, Laurie, Landaverde Lopez, Antonio, Lanspa, Michael, Lascari, Valeria, Le Meur, Matthieu, Hwan Lee, Su, Ju Lee, Young, Lee, Jinwoo, Lee, Won-Yeon, Lee, Jarone, Legernaes, Terje, Leiner, Tamaa, Lemiale, Virginie, Leonor, Tiago, M Lepper, Philipp, Li, Dahuan, Li, Hongbin, Li, Oleg, Raquel Lima, Ana, Lind, Dan, Litton, Edward, Liu, Ning, Liu, Ling, Liu, Jialin, Llitjos, Jean-Françoi, Llorente, Beatriz, Lopez, Rodolfo, Elizabeth Lopez, Claudia, Lopez Nava, Claudia, Lovazzano, Pablo, Lu, Min, Lucchese, Francesca, Lugano, Manuela, Lugo Goytia, Gustavo, Luo, Hua, 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Mariachiara Ippolito, Hiromasa Irie, Hiroki Iriyama, Taiga Itagaki, Javier Izura, Santiago Izza, Rakhshanda Jabeen, Hamidreza Jamaati, Sunil Jamadarkhana, Amira Jamoussi, Milosz Jankowski, Luis Alberto Jaramillo, Kyeongman Jeon, Seok Jeong Lee, Deepak Jeswani, Simant Jha, Liangyan Jiang, Chen Jing, Sébastien Jochmans, Bror Anders Johnstad, Lee Jongmin, Aurélie Joret, Detajin Junhasavasdikul, Maria Teresa Jurado, Elisa Kam, Hidenobu Kamohara, Caroline Kane, Iskender Kara, Sait Karakurt, Cherdkiat Karnjanarachata, Jun Kataoka, Shinshu Katayama, Shuchi Kaushik, Nermin Kelebek Girgin, Kathryn Kerr, Ian Kerslake, Prakash Khairnar, Abidi Khalid, Akram Khan, Ashish K Khanna, Reza Khorasanee, Dieneke Kienhorst, Cenk Kirakli, Rihard Knafelj, Mark Kol Kol, Napplika Kongpolprom, Csaba Kopitko, Pervin Korkmaz Ekren, Agnieszka Kubisz-Pudelko, Zoltan Kulcsar, Junji Kumasawa, Akira Kuriyama, Fernanda Kutchak, Eduardo Labarca, Françoise Labat, César Laborda, Manuel Alberto Laca Barrera, Laurie 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Maseda, Eleni Massa, Anna Mattsson, Jessica Maugeri, Victoria McCredie, James McCullough, Shay McGuinness, Andrew McKown, László Medve, Chengqing Mei, Ricard Mellado Artigas, Vitor Mendes, Mohamed Khalaf Ebraheim Mervat, Isabelle Michaux, Michael Mikhaeil, Olga Milagros, Igor Milet, Maria Teresa Millan, Zhang Minwei, Lucia Mirabella, Sanghamitra Mishra, Giovanni Mistraletti, Katsunori Mochizuki, Arif Moghal, Francesco Mojoli, Alexandre Molin, Raquel Montiel, Luca Montini (ORCID:0000-0003-4602-5134), Gianmario Monza, Maria Mora Aznar, Sunthiti Morakul, Maria Morales, Daniel Moreno Torres, Diego Rolando Morocho Tutillo, Catherine Motherway, Doumiri Mouhssine, Eleni Mouloudi, Tapia Muñoz, Carlos Munoz de Cabo, Mohamed Mustafa, Radhakrishnan Muthuchellappan, Muraleekrishnan Muthukrishnan, Stefano Muttini, Isao Nagata, Dick Nahar, Misuzu Nakanishi, Izumi Nakayama, Silvio Antonio Namendys-Silva, Rahul Nanchal, Sivakumar Nandakumar, Alessandra Nasi, Kamal Nasir, Paolo Navalesi, Tayyba Naz 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Joret, Aurélie, Junhasavasdikul, Detajin, Teresa Jurado, Maria, Kam, Elisa, Kamohara, Hidenobu, Kane, Caroline, Kara, Iskender, Karakurt, Sait, Karnjanarachata, Cherdkiat, Kataoka, Jun, Katayama, Shinshu, Kaushik, Shuchi, Kelebek Girgin, Nermin, Kerr, Kathryn, Kerslake, Ian, Khairnar, Prakash, Khalid, Abidi, Khan, Akram, K Khanna, Ashish, Khorasanee, Reza, Kienhorst, Dieneke, Kirakli, Cenk, Knafelj, Rihard, Kol Kol, Mark, Kongpolprom, Napplika, Kopitko, Csaba, Korkmaz Ekren, Pervin, Kubisz-Pudelko, Agnieszka, Kulcsar, Zoltan, Kumasawa, Junji, Kuriyama, Akira, Kutchak, Fernanda, Labarca, Eduardo, Labat, Françoise, Laborda, César, Alberto Laca Barrera, Manuel, Lagache, Laurie, Landaverde Lopez, Antonio, Lanspa, Michael, Lascari, Valeria, Le Meur, Matthieu, Hwan Lee, Su, Ju Lee, Young, Lee, Jinwoo, Lee, Won-Yeon, Lee, Jarone, Legernaes, Terje, Leiner, Tamaa, Lemiale, Virginie, Leonor, Tiago, M Lepper, Philipp, Li, Dahuan, Li, Hongbin, Li, Oleg, Raquel Lima, Ana, Lind, Dan, Litton, Edward, Liu, Ning, Liu, Ling, Liu, Jialin, Llitjos, Jean-Françoi, Llorente, Beatriz, Lopez, Rodolfo, Elizabeth Lopez, Claudia, Lopez Nava, Claudia, Lovazzano, Pablo, Lu, Min, Lucchese, Francesca, Lugano, Manuela, Lugo Goytia, Gustavo, Luo, Hua, Lynch, Ceri, Macheda, Sebastiano, Hugo Madrigal Robles, Victor, Maurizio Maggiore, Salvatore, Magret Iglesias, Mònica, Malaga, Peter, Mallapura Maheswarappa, Harish, Malpartida, Guillermo, Malyarchikov, Andrey, Mansson, Helena, Manzano, Anaid, Marey, Ismael, Marin, Nathalie, Del Carmen Marin, Maria, Markman, Eliana, Martin, Felix, Martin, Alex, Martin Dal Gesso, Cristina, Martinez, Felipe, Martínez-Fidalgo, Conchita, Martin-Loeches, Ignacio, Mas, Arantxa, Masaaki, Sakuraya, Maseda, Emilio, Massa, Eleni, Mattsson, Anna, Maugeri, Jessica, Mccredie, Victoria, Mccullough, Jame, Mcguinness, Shay, Mckown, Andrew, Medve, László, Mei, Chengqing, Mellado Artigas, Ricard, Mendes, Vitor, Khalaf Ebraheim Mervat, Mohamed, Michaux, Isabelle, Mikhaeil, 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Manzano, Ismael Marey, Nathalie Marin, Maria Del Carmen Marin, Eliana Markman, Felix Martin, Alex Martin, Cristina Martin Dal Gesso, Felipe Martinez, Conchita Martínez-Fidalgo, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Arantxa Mas, Sakuraya Masaaki, Emilio Maseda, Eleni Massa, Anna Mattsson, Jessica Maugeri, Victoria McCredie, James McCullough, Shay McGuinness, Andrew McKown, László Medve, Chengqing Mei, Ricard Mellado Artigas, Vitor Mendes, Mohamed Khalaf Ebraheim Mervat, Isabelle Michaux, Michael Mikhaeil, Olga Milagros, Igor Milet, Maria Teresa Millan, Zhang Minwei, Lucia Mirabella, Sanghamitra Mishra, Giovanni Mistraletti, Katsunori Mochizuki, Arif Moghal, Francesco Mojoli, Alexandre Molin, Raquel Montiel, Luca Montini (ORCID:0000-0003-4602-5134), Gianmario Monza, Maria Mora Aznar, Sunthiti Morakul, Maria Morales, Daniel Moreno Torres, Diego Rolando Morocho Tutillo, Catherine Motherway, Doumiri Mouhssine, Eleni Mouloudi, Tapia Muñoz, Carlos Munoz de Cabo, Mohamed Mustafa, Radhakrishnan Muthuchellappan, Muraleekrishnan Muthukrishnan, Stefano Muttini, Isao Nagata, Dick Nahar, Misuzu Nakanishi, Izumi Nakayama, Silvio Antonio Namendys-Silva, Rahul Nanchal, Sivakumar Nandakumar, Alessandra Nasi, Kamal Nasir, Paolo Navalesi, Tayyba Naz Aslam, Thuy Nga Phan, Alistair Nichol, Shuhei Niiyama, Sofia Nikolakopoulou, Elena Nikolic, Kenichi Nitta, Marko Noc, Stephanie Nonas, Saad Nseir, Ayse Nur Soyturk, Yukako Obata, Richard Oeckler, Moe Oguchi, Shinichiro Ohshimo, Marina Oikonomou, Agueda Ojados, Maria Teresa Oliveira, Wilson Oliveira Filho, Carlo Oliveri, Aitor Olmos, Kazuya Omura, Maria Cristina Orlandi, Francesca Orsenigo, Laura Ortiz-Ruiz De Gordoa, Kei Ota, Rainier Ovalle Olmos, Nándo Öveges, Peter Oziemski, Ozlem Ozkan Kuscu, Ezgi Özyilmaz, Fernando Pachas Alvarado, Gonzalo Pagella, Vijayanand Palaniswamy, Eugenio Luis Palazon Sanchez, Salvatore Palmese, Guojun Pan, Wensen Pan, Metaxia Papanikolaou, Theonymfi Papavasilopoulou, Ameet Parekh, Rachael Parke, Francisco J Parrilla, Dácil Parrilla, Taha Pasha, Laura Pasin, Luis Patão, Mayur Patel, Grisma Patel, Basanta Kumar Pati, Jayaprakash Patil, Saroj Pattnaik, Daniel Paul, Maurizio Pavesi, Vanesa Alejandra Pavlotsky, Graciela Paz, Enrique Paz, Elisabetta Pecci, Carlos Pellegrini, Andrea Gabriela Peña Padilla, Gaetano Perchiazzi, Tiago Pereira, Vera Pereira, Manuel Perez, Cesar Perez Calvo, Meisy Perez Cheng, Ronald Perez Maita, Rodrigo Pérez-Araos, Purificación Perez-Teran, David Perez-Torres, Gavin Perkins, Paolo Persona, Tananchai Petnak, Marina Petrova, Tai Pham, François Philippart, Edoardo Picetti, Elisabetta Pierucci, Edoardo Piervincenzi, Riccardo Pinciroli, Maria-Consuelo Pintado, Thomas Piraino, Stephanie Piras, Claudio Piras, Pattarin Pirompanich, Luigi Pisani, Enrique Platas, Gustavo Plotnikow, Willy Porras, Virginia Porta, Mariana Portilla, José Portugal, Pedro Povoa, Gwenael Prat, Romina Pratto, Gabriel Preda, Isidro Prieto, Estefania Prol-Silva, Richard Pugh, Yupeng Qi, Chuanyun Qian, Tiehe Qin, Hongping Qu, Teobaldo Quintana, Rosari Quispe Sierra, Rocio Quispe Soto, Raihan Rabbani, Mohamed Rabee, Ahmed Rabie, Maria Augusta Rahe Pereira, Ashish Rai, Sundar Raj Ashok, Mostafa Rajab, Navin Ramdhani, Elizabeth Ramey, Marco Ranieri, Darshana Rathod, Banambar Ray, Shihan Mahmud Redwanul Huq, Adrian Regli, Rosa Reina, Natalia Resano Sarmiento, Faustine Reynaud, Gemma Rialp, Pilar Ricart, Todd Rice, Angus Richardson, Marcelo Rieder, Martin Rinket, Fernando Rios, Alejandro Risso Vazquez, Ivano Riva, Monaly Rivette, Oriol Roca, Ferran Roche-Campo, Covadonga Rodriguez, Gabriel Rodriguez, Daniel Rodriguez Gonzalez, Xandra Yanina Rodriguez Tucto, Angela Rogers, María Elena Romano, Linda Rørtveit, Alastair Rose, Damien Roux, Anahita Rouze, Paolo Nahuel Rubatto Birri, Wang Ruilan, Aldana Ruiz Robledo, Antonio Luis Ruiz-Aguilar, Tomohito Sadahiro, Ignacio Saez, Judith Sagardia, Rajnish Saha, Rohit Saha, Narongkorn Saiphoklang, Shigeki Saito, Maie Salem, Gabriele Sales, Patricia Salgado, Srinivas Samavedam, Mhamed Sami Mebazaa, Line Samuelsson, Nandyelly San Juan Roman, Patricia Sanchez, Jesus Sanchez-Ballesteros, Yazcitk Sandoval, Emanuele Sani, Martin Santos, Carla Santos, Masamitsu Sanui, Lakshmikanthcharan Saravanabavan, Sema Sari, Agnes Sarkany, Bertrand Sauneuf, Monica Savioli, Hilal Sazak, Riccardo Scano, Francis Schneider, Frédérique Schortgen, Marcus J Schultz, Gabriele Leonie Schwarz, Faruk Seçkin Yücesoy, Andrew Seely, Frederik Seiler, Yasemin Seker Tekdos, Kim Seok Chan, Luca Serano, Wojciech Serednicki, Mariano Setten, Asim Shah, Bhagyesh Shah, You Shang, Pradeep Shanmugasundaram, Konstantin Shapovalov, Eman Shebl, Takuya Shiga, Nobuaki Shime, Phil Shin, Jack Short, Chen Shuhua, Sughrat Siddiqui, Juan Ignacio Silesky Jimenez, Daniel Silva, Betania Silva Sales, Koen Simons, Brit Ågot Sjøbø, David Slessor, Jakub Smiechowicz, Nathan Smischney, Paul Smith, Tim Smith, Mark Smith, Sarah Snape, Lindi Snyman, Filiep Soetens, Kyung Sook Hong, Miguel Ángel Sosa Medellin, Giovanna Soto, Xavier Souloy, Elsa Sousa, Stefania Sovatzis, Didem Sozutek, Savino Spadaro, Marco Spagnoli, Martin Spångfors, Nick Spittle, Mike Spivey, Andrew Stapleton, Branislava Stefanovic, Lorraine Stephenson, Elizabeth Stevenson, Kristian Strand, Maria Teresa Strano, Slavenka Straus, Chenliang Sun, Rongqing Sun, Venkat Sundaram, Tai SunPark, Elisabeth Surlemont, Yuda Sutherasan, Zsuzsanna Szabo, Christopher Tainter, Akihiro Takaba, Mandy Tallott, Tamasato Tamasato, Zhanhong Tang, Viratch Tangsujaritvijit, Leandro Taniguchi, Daisuke Taniguchi, Fabio Tarantino, Krittika Teerapuncharoen, Susana Temprano, Pierpaolo Terragni, Nicolas Terzi, Anand Thakur, Pongdhep Theerawit, Arnaud W Thille, Matt Thomas, Poungrat Thungtitigul, Martial Thyrault, Nejla Tilouch, Karina Timenetsky, Juna Tirapu, Manuel Todeschini, Roser Tomas, Christian Tomaszewski, Tommaso Tonetti, Alexandre Tonnelier, John Trinder, Konlawij Trongtrakul, Jonathon Truwit, Betty Tsuei, Aiman Tulaimat, Sema Turan, Melda Turkoglu, Sanjeev Tyagi, Alejandro Ubeda, Federica Vagginelli, María Florencia Valenti, Imma Vallverdu, Alisha Van Axel, Ingrid van den Hul, Hans van der Hoeven, Nardo Van Der Meer, Marc Vanhoof, Mónica Vargas-Ordoñez, Rosanna Vaschetto, Ettore Vascotto, Maria Vatsik, Ana Vaz, Antonia Vazquez-Sanchez, Sara Ventura, Jan Wytze Vermeijden, Anxela Vidal, Jocyelle Vieira, Bruno Vilela Costa Pinto, Ana Villagra, Cristina Villegas Succar, Ole Georg Vinorum, Giovanni Vitale, Ramesh Vj, Ana Vochin, Guillaume Voiriot, Carlo Alberto Volta, Magnus von Seth, Maazouzi Wajdi, Don Walsh, Shouhong Wang, Gabriel Wardi, Nils Christian Ween-Velken, Bi-Lin Wei, Dolf Weller, Deborah Welsh, Ingeborg Welters, Michael Wert, Simon Whiteley, Elizabeth Wilby, Erin Williams, Karen Williams, Antoinette Wilson, Jadwiga Wojtas, Jin Won Huh, David Wrathall, Christopher Wright, Jian-Feng Wu, Guo Xi, Zheng-Jiang Xing, Hongyang Xu, Kotaro Yamamoto, Jie Yan, Julio Yáñez, Xiaobo Yang, Elliot Yates, Ozlem Yazicioglu Mocin, Zhenglong Ye, Fatma Yildirim, Norifumi Yoshida, Hector Higo Leon Yoshido, Bo Young Lee, Rongguo Yu, Gong Yu, Tao Yu, Boyun Yuan, Nadwipa Yuangtrakul, Tetsuya Yumoto, Xie Yun, Graciela Zakalik, Ahmad Zaki, Begoña Zalba-Etayo, Massimo Zambon, Bin Zang, Gianluca Zani, Jonathan Zarka, Simone Maria Zerbi, Avsar Zerman, Harald Zetterquist, Jiuzhi Zhang, Hongwen Zhang, Wei Zhang, Guoxiu Zhang, Weixin Zhang, Hongsheng Zhao, Jia Zheng, Bin Zhu, and Ronald Zumaran
Abstract: Background: Current management practices and outcomes in weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, management, timings, risk for failure, and outcomes of weaning in patients requiring at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods: WEAN SAFE was an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study done in 481 intensive care units in 50 countries. Eligible participants were older than 16 years, admitted to a participating intensive care unit, and receiving mechanical ventilation for 2 calendar days or longer. We defined weaning initiation as the first attempt to separate a patient from the ventilator, successful weaning as no reintubation or death within 7 days of extubation, and weaning eligibility criteria based on positive end-expiratory pressure, fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air, and vasopressors. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients successfully weaned at 90 days. Key secondary outcomes included weaning duration, timing of weaning events, factors associated with weaning delay and weaning failure, and hospital outcomes. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03255109. Findings: Between Oct 4, 2017, and June 25, 2018, 10 232 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 5869 were enrolled. 4523 (77·1%) patients underwent at least one separation attempt and 3817 (65·0%) patients were successfully weaned from ventilation at day 90. 237 (4·0%) patients were transferred before any separation attempt, 153 (2·6%) were transferred after at least one separation attempt and not successfully weaned, and 1662 (28·3%) died while invasively ventilated. The median time from fulfilling weaning eligibility criteria to first separation attempt was 1 day (IQR 0-4), and 1013 (22·4%) patients had a delay in initiating first separation of 5 or more days. Of the 4523 (77·1%) patients with separation attempts, 2927 (64·7%) had a short wean (≤1 d
Published: 2023

20. Development of a Soil Moisture Prediction Model Based on Recurrent Neural Network Long Short-Term Memory (RNN-LSTM) in Soybean Cultivation

Author: Soo-Hwan Park, Bo-Young Lee, Min-Jee Kim, Wangyu Sang, Myung Chul Seo, Jae-Kyeong Baek, Jae E Yang, and Changyeun Mo
Subjects: smart farming, time series analysis, deep learning, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, soil moisture, RNN-LSTM, Biochemistry, Instrumentation, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Analytical Chemistry
Abstract: Due to climate change, soil moisture may increase, and outflows could become more frequent, which will have a considerable impact on crop growth. Crops are affected by soil moisture; thus, soil moisture prediction is necessary for irrigating at an appropriate time according to weather changes. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a future soil moisture (SM) prediction model to determine whether to conduct irrigation according to changes in soil moisture due to weather conditions. Sensors were used to measure soil moisture and soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm, 20 cm, and 30 cm from the topsoil. The combination of optimal variables was investigated using soil moisture and soil temperature at depths between 10 cm and 30 cm and weather data as input variables. The recurrent neural network long short-term memory (RNN-LSTM) models for predicting SM was developed using time series data. The loss and the coefficient of determination (R2) values were used as indicators for evaluating the model performance and two verification datasets were used to test various conditions. The best model performance for 10 cm depth was an R2 of 0.999, a loss of 0.022, and a validation loss of 0.105, and the best results for 20 cm and 30 cm depths were an R2 of 0.999, a loss of 0.016, and a validation loss of 0.098 and an R2 of 0.956, a loss of 0.057, and a validation loss of 2.883, respectively. The RNN-LSTM model was used to confirm the SM predictability in soybean arable land and could be applied to supply the appropriate moisture needed for crop growth. The results of this study show that a soil moisture prediction model based on time-series weather data can help determine the appropriate amount of irrigation required for crop cultivation.
Published: 2023
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21. A study on the usability convergence evaluation model of design prototypes based on technology acceptance intention

Author: Kyong Jin Park, In Hui Hwang, Bo Young Lee, A Hyun Kim, and Ji wook Lim
Published: 2021

22. The effect of intrusive parenting on adolescents’ depression: Focusing on the mediating effect of self-deprecation

Author: Eui Bhin Lee, Bo Young Lee, and Ye Ji Jeon
Published: 2021

23. Research status of welding technology of ferritic stainless steel

Author: Yiwen Li, Yunlong Chang, Bo-Young Lee, Aleksandr Babkin, and Dong Zhihai
Subjects: Toughness, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy, Penetration (firestop), Welding, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Grain size, Thermal expansion, Computer Science Applications, Corrosion, law.invention, Stress (mechanics), Thermal conductivity, Control and Systems Engineering, law, Software
Abstract: Ferritic stainless steel has been applied frequently owing to its advantages such as good thermal conductivity, low coefficient of linear expansion, good stress corrosion resistance, and no Ni. However, the welding process will cause the grain size of the weld zone and the heat-affected zone to grow seriously, resulting in a decrease in the toughness of the welded joint. The paper discusses in detail the traditional and improved welding methods of ferritic stainless steel. These improved methods can effectively reduce the grain size or increase the penetration. The process of introducing electric and magnetic pulses can compress the arc, increase the weld penetration, stir the molten pool, refine the grains, and improve the strength and toughness of the weld. The future development direction of ferritic stainless steel welding is discussed at the end of the article.
Published: 2021

24. Removal notice to 'Crystallinity-tailorable solvent-free hybrid adhesive films composed of epoxy, diacid, and poly(ethylene glycol) with curable and deoxidizing capabilities' [J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 100 (2021) 186]

Author: Bo-Young Lee and Keon-Soo Jang
Subjects: General Chemical Engineering
Published: 2023

25. Review on the Neoproterozoic igneous activity in the Korean Peninsula and the Neoproterozoic correlation between the Korean Peninsula and China

Author: Chang Whan Oh, Bo Young Lee, and Hawon Yun
Subjects: Paleontology, Igneous activity, Geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Peninsula, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Geology, China
Published: 2021

26. The Effect of Mother’s Career-Related Support Behavior on the Satisfaction of School Career Education and Activities of Multicultural Families: Mediated Effect of Career Attitude of Teenagers

Author: Bo-Young Lee
Subjects: Psychiatry and Mental health, Multiculturalism, media_common.quotation_subject, Career education, Psychology, media_common, Developmental psychology
Published: 2021

27. Optimizing protein V untranslated region sequence in M13 phage for increased production of single-stranded DNA for origami

Author: Min Kyu Oh, Seungwoo Lee, Bo Young Lee, Dong June Ahn, and Jaewon Lee
Subjects: Untranslated region, AcademicSubjects/SCI00010, DNA, Single-Stranded, 02 engineering and technology, Biology, Virus Replication, 010402 general chemistry, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Viral Proteins, chemistry.chemical_compound, Escherichia coli, Genetics, medicine, DNA origami, Inducer, Mutation, M13 bacteriophage, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, biology.organism_classification, 0104 chemical sciences, Cell biology, DNA-Binding Proteins, chemistry, Rolling circle replication, Fermentation, Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering, 5' Untranslated Regions, 0210 nano-technology, DNA, Bacteriophage M13
Abstract: DNA origami requires long scaffold DNA to be aligned with the guidance of short staple DNA strands. Scaffold DNA is produced in Escherichia coli as a form of the M13 bacteriophage by rolling circle amplification (RCA). This study shows that RCA can be reconfigured by reducing phage protein V (pV) expression, improving the production throughput of scaffold DNA by at least 5.66-fold. The change in pV expression was executed by modifying the untranslated region sequence and monitored using a reporter green fluorescence protein fused to pV. In a separate experiment, pV expression was controlled by an inducer. In both experiments, reduced pV expression was correlated with improved M13 bacteriophage production. High-cell-density cultivation was attempted for mass scaffold DNA production, and the produced scaffold DNA was successfully folded into a barrel shape without compromising structural quality. This result suggested that scaffold DNA production throughput can be significantly improved by reprogramming the RCA in E. coli.
Published: 2021

28. Understanding Early COPD.

Author: Bo Young Lee and MeiLan K. Han
Subjects: OBSTRUCTIVE lung disease diagnosis, OBSTRUCTIVE lung disease treatment, DISEASE progression, CONTINUING education units, RISK assessment, SEVERITY of illness index, ARTIFICIAL respiration, DYSPNEA, VITAL capacity (Respiration), OBSTRUCTIVE lung diseases, QUALITY of life, FORCED expiratory volume, SPIROMETRY, SMOKING, EARLY diagnosis, CHRONIC bronchitis, PULMONARY emphysema, DISEASE exacerbation, DISEASE risk factors, DISEASE complications, SYMPTOMS
Abstract: Whereas COPD is currently defined as the presence of spirometric obstruction, the pathologic changes in individuals at risk including chronic mucus hypersecretion and emphysema have been recognized for centuries. At the same time, we have struggled to define criteria that would help us identify patients at an early stage, prior to the development of pulmonary function abnormality. The concept of GOLD 0 was introduced in the hopes that symptoms would help to identify those at greatest risk for progression. While symptoms are a risk factor, in particular chronic bronchitis, the term was abandoned as the majority of individuals at risk who progress to COPD do not have symptoms. Since then, the related terms pre-COPD and early COPD have been introduced. They are similar in that the term pre-COPD identifies individuals based on symptoms, physiologic, or radiographic abnormality that do not meet criteria for COPD but are clearly at risk. The term early COPD extends that concept further, focusing on individuals who have early physiologic or radiographic abnormality but at the same time are young, thereby excluding those with late mild disease who may be less likely to progress. Whereas individuals with early COPD are now being recruited for observational studies, we are still challenged with determining the best way to identify patients at risk who should undergo additional testing as well as developing specific therapies for patients with early-stage disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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29. Development of an Implantable Collamer Lens Sizing Model: A Retrospective Study Using ANTERION Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography and a Literature Review

Author: Taein Kim, Su Jeong Kim, Bo Young Lee, Hye Jin Cho, Beom Gi Sa, Ik Hee Ryu, Jin Kuk Kim, In Sik Lee, Eoksoo Han, and Tae Keun Yoo
Abstract: Background Optimal sizing for phakic intraocular lens (EVO ICL with KS-AquaPort) implantation plays an important role in preventing postoperative complications. We aimed to formulate optimal lens sizing using ocular biometric parameters measured by the Heidelberg anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) device. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 892 eyes of 471 healthy subjects treated with intraocular collamer lens (ICL) and assigned them to development (80%) and validation (20%) sets. We built vault prediction models using the development set via classic linear regression methods, partial least squares, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression techniques. We evaluated prediction abilities based on the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) to select the best prediction model. The performance was measured using Pearson’s correlation coefficients and the mean squared error (MAE) between the achieved and predicted vaults. Results Measurements of aqueous depth (AQD), anterior chamber volume, anterior chamber angle (ACA) distance, spur-to-spur distance, crystalline lens thickness (LT), and white-to-white distance from ANTERION were highly associated with the ICL vault. The LASSO model using the AQD, ACA distance, and LT showed the best BIC results for postoperative ICL vault prediction. In the validation dataset, the LASSO model showed the strongest correlation (r = 0.582, P
Published: 2022

30. Bioinspired Camellia japonica carbon dots with high near-infrared absorbance for efficient photothermal cancer therapy

Author: Gayoung Jo, Eun Jeong Kim, Bo Young Lee, Dohun Kim, Hoon Hyun, Uk Sim, Yujin Chae, Min-Kyung Ji, and Surendran Subramani
Subjects: Absorbance, Materials science, Biocompatibility, chemistry, Near-infrared spectroscopy, Photothermal effect, chemistry.chemical_element, General Materials Science, Nanotechnology, Laser power scaling, Photothermal therapy, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Carbon
Abstract: Since carbon dots (CDs) exhibit excellent biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, near-infrared (NIR) absorbance, and superior photostability, many types of CDs are considered as powerful candidates for photothermal therapy (PTT) applications. However, the development of a desirable CD is still difficult due to insufficient photothermal conversion, thus resulting in the use of high laser power densities at a high dose of CDs for the PTT effect. Herein, bioinspired sulfur-doped CDs (S-CDs) with strong NIR absorbance were prepared from Camellia japonica flowers via a facile hydrothermal method for enhancing the photothermal conversion efficiency. The as-prepared S-CDs exhibited various advantages including cost-effective preparation, good water-solubility, high biocompatibility, intense NIR absorption, and excellent photothermal effect with robust photostability. Most importantly, the optimal low dose of S-CDs (45 μg mL−1) successfully led to efficient PTT performance with a high photothermal conversion efficiency (55.4%) under moderate laser power (808 nm, 1.1 W cm−2) for safe and effective cancer therapy.
Published: 2021

31. A study on the convergence evaluation model of design usability based on experience

Author: Kyong Jin Park, Jun Hyung Kim, Bo-Young Lee, A Hyun Kim, and In Hui Hwang
Subjects: Mathematical optimization, business.industry, Computer science, Usability, Convergence (relationship), business
Published: 2020

32. Clinical outcomes of and risk factors for secondary infection in patients with severe COVID-19: a multicenter cohort study in South Korea

Author: Yong Sub Na, Ae-Rin Baek, Moon Seong Baek, Won-Young Kim, Jin Hyoung Kim, Bo young Lee, Gil Myeong Seong, and Song-I Lee
Subjects: General Medicine
Abstract: Background/Aims: Secondary infection with influenza virus occurs in critically ill patients and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality; however, there is limited information about it in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Thus, we investigated the clinical outcomes of and risk factors for secondary infections in patients with severe COVID-19.Methods: This study included patients with severe COVID-19 who were admitted to seven hospitals in South Korea between February 2020 to February 2021. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess factors associated with the risk of secondary infections.Results: Of the 348 included patients, 104 (29.9%) had at least one infection. There was no statistically significant difference in the 28-day mortality (17.3% vs. 12.3%, p = 0.214), but in-hospital mortality was higher (29.8% vs. 15.2%, p = 0.002) in the infected group than in the non-infected group. The risk factors for secondary infection were a high frailty scale (odds ratio [OR], 1.314; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.123 to 1.538; p = 0.001), steroid use (OR, 3.110; 95% CI, 1.164 to 8.309; p = 0.024), and the application of mechanical ventilation (OR, 4.653; 95% CI, 2.533 to 8.547; p < 0.001).Conclusions: In-hospital mortality was more than doubled in patients with severe COVID-19 and secondary infections. A high frailty scale, the use of steroids and application of mechanical ventilation were risk factors for secondary infection.
Published: 2022

33. The behavior of TIG welding arc in a high-frequency axial magnetic field

Author: Alexandr Babkin, Bo-Young Lee, Yunlong Chang, and H. Wu
Subjects: 0209 industrial biotechnology, Materials science, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Welding, Tungsten, Physics::Geophysics, 020501 mining & metallurgy, law.invention, Arc (geometry), 020901 industrial engineering & automation, law, Cylinder, Composite material, Inert gas, Mathematics::Complex Variables, Mechanical Engineering, Gas tungsten arc welding, Metals and Alloys, Mathematics::Geometric Topology, Statistics::Computation, Magnetic field, 0205 materials engineering, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Weld pool, Physics::Accelerator Physics
Abstract: The effect of high-frequency axial magnetic field (HFAMF) on the shape of the welding arc and welding formation of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding is analyzed theoretically and experimentally. The 316L stainless steel plate was welded with HFAMF produced by the excitation coil installed on the welding torch. The influence of the HFAMF on the welding process is studied by changing the magnetic frequency from 0 to 2000 Hz. The experimental results show that when the magnetic field frequency reaches 1500 Hz, the arc rotation radius is decreased to the minimum; the arc shape changes from cone to compressed cylinder; and the arc temperature, the arc pressure, and the depth-width ratio of the weld beam reached the maximum. Otherwise, the effect of applied HFAMF on the stress of arc and weld pool is discussed, and the mechanism of arc contraction is analyzed.
Published: 2020

34. Persistent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 detection after resolution of coronavirus disease 2019-associated symptoms/signs

Author: Bo young Lee, Seung-Jae Lee, Tae Hyong Kim, Se Yoon Park, Jeong Won Shin, Soon Gyu Yun, Eun Jung Lee, and Hyo Ju Son
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Saliva, viruses, Pneumonia, Viral, Viral Nonstructural Proteins, Gastroenterology, virus shedding, Betacoronavirus, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Viral Envelope Proteins, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, SPECIAL COVID-19, Respiratory system, Viral shedding, Young adult, skin and connective tissue diseases, Pandemics, Retrospective Studies, Coronavirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase, biology, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, fungi, virus diseases, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase, biology.organism_classification, Reverse transcriptase, body regions, covid-19, Sputum, Medicine, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, medicine.symptom, Coronavirus Infections, business, Rapid Communication, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Abstract: There are limited data on the duration of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in respiratory specimens after resolution of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated symptoms/signs. We determined duration of SARS-CoV-2 virus shedding in symptomatic patients after remission of symptoms. We investigated the duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs or sputum or saliva. Six patients were included in the final analysis. The median (range) duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral detection after hospitalization was 34 days (22 to 67). After resolution of symptoms/signs, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected for median (range) of 26 days (9 to 48). Among the six patients, one had persistent detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA until day 67 of hospitalization, which was 30 days after symptom resolution. This case represents the longest duration of SARS-CoV-2 detection, and highlights the need for long-term follow up of COVID-19 patients despite resolution of symptoms to confirm SARS-CoV-2 clearance.
Published: 2020

35. Lower Driving Pressure and Neuromuscular Blocker Use Are Associated With Decreased Mortality in Patients With COVID-19 ARDS

Author: Ae-Rin Baek, Moon Seong Baek, Jin Hyoung Kim, Bo Young Lee, Gil Myeong Seong, Won-Young Kim, Song-I Lee, and Yong Sub Na
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Male, ARDS, medicine.medical_treatment, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Logistic regression, Interquartile range, medicine, Tidal Volume, Humans, Tidal volume, Original Research, Mechanical ventilation, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, General Medicine, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Respiration, Artificial, Prone position, Anesthesia, Breathing, Neuromuscular Blocking Agents, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of mechanical ventilation parameters and management on outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ARDS is unclear. METHODS: This multi-center observational study enrolled consecutive mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 ARDS admitted to one of 7 Korean ICUs between February 1, 2020–February 28, 2021. Patients who were age < 17 y or had missing ventilation parameters for the first 4 d of mechanical ventilation were excluded. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify which strategies or ventilation parameters that were independently associated with ICU mortality. RESULTS: Overall, 129 subjects (males, 60%) with a median (interquartile range) age of 69 (62–78) y were included. Neuromuscular blocker (NMB) use and prone positioning were applied to 76% and 16% of subjects, respectively. The ICU mortality rate was 37%. In the multivariate analysis, higher dynamic driving pressure (ΔP) values during the first 4 d of mechanical ventilation were associated with increased mortality (adjusted odds ratio 1.16 [95% CI 1.00–1.33], P = .046). NMB use was associated with decreased mortality (adjusted odds ratio 0.27 [95% CI 0.09–0.81], P = .02). The median tidal volume values during the first 4 d of mechanical ventilation and the ICU mortality rate were significantly lower in the NMB group than in the no NMB group. However, subjects who received NMB for ≥ 6 d (vs < 6 d) had higher ICU mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS: In subjects with COVID-19 ARDS receiving mechanical ventilation, ΔP during the first 4 d of mechanical ventilation was independently associated with mortality. The short-term use of NMB facilitated lung-protective ventilation and was independently associated with decreased mortality.
Published: 2022

36. Comparison of Chitosan and Gelatin-Based Films and Application to Antimicrobial Coatings Enriched with Grapefruit Seed Extract for Cherry Tomato Preservation

Author: Inyoung Choi, Bo Young Lee, Sangbin Kim, Seulgi Imm, Yoonjee Chang, and Jaejoon Han
Subjects: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Food Science, Biotechnology
Published: 2022

37. Rifampin-Induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia during Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in a Patient with Primary Sjogren's Syndrome

Author: Jin-Woo Souk, So-Young Jin, Yang Ki Kim, Bo-Young Lee, Shin Jeong Won, and Woo Yong Shin
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Clinical pathology, business.industry, Internal medicine, Medicine, business
Published: 2019

38. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Younger and Elderly Patients with Severe COVID-19 in Korea: A Retrospective Multicenter Study

Author: Gil Myeong Seong, Moon Seong Baek, Bo Young Lee, Jin Hyoung Kim, Yong Sub Na, Song-I Lee, Won-Young Kim, and Ae-Rin Baek
Subjects: Mechanical ventilation, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Proportional hazards model, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Mortality rate, Medicine (miscellaneous), COVID-19, macromolecular substances, medicine.disease, Tertiary care, elderly, Obstructive lung disease, Article, aged, Multicenter study, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, medicine, Medicine, business
Abstract: Old age is associated with disease severity and poor prognosis among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases; however, characteristics of elderly patients with severe COVID-19 are limited. We aimed to assess the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 at tertiary care centers in South Korea. This retrospective multicenter study included patients with severe COVID-19 who were admitted at seven hospitals in South Korea from 2 February 2020 to 28 February 2021. The Cox regression analyses were performed to assess factors associated with the in-hospital mortality. Of 488 patients with severe COVID-19, 318 (65.2%) were elderly (≥65 years). The older patient group had more underlying diseases and a higher severity score than the younger patient group. The older patient group had a higher in-hospital mortality rate than the younger patient group (25.5% versus 4.7%, p-value < 0.001). The in-hospital mortality risk factors among patients with severe COVID-19 included age, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score, presence of diabetes and chronic obstructive lung disease, high white blood cell count, low neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet count, do-not-resuscitate order, and treatment with invasive mechanical ventilation. In addition to old age, disease severity and examination results must be considered in treatment decision-making.
Published: 2021
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39. ROX index and SpO2/FiO2 ratio for predicting high-flow nasal cannula failure in hypoxemic COVID-19 patients: A multicenter retrospective study

Author: Jin Hyoung Kim, Ae-Rin Baek, Song-I Lee, Won-Young Kim, Yong Sub Na, Bo Young Lee, Gil Myeong Seong, and Moon Seong Baek
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, Noninvasive Ventilation, Oxygen Saturation, Oxygen Inhalation Therapy, COVID-19, Cannula, Humans, Respiratory Insufficiency, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Background The ratio of oxygen saturation (ROX) index, defined as the ratio of oxygen saturation (SpO2)/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) to respiratory rate, can help identify patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure at high risk for intubation following high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) initiation; however, whether it is effective for predicting intubation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients receiving HFNC remains unknown. Moreover, the SpO2/FiO2 ratio has been assessed as a prognostic marker for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. This study aimed to determine the utility of the ROX index and the SpO2/FiO2 ratio as predictors of failure in COVID-19 patients who received HFNC. Methods This multicenter study was conducted in seven university-affiliated hospitals in Korea. Data of consecutive hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between February 10, 2020 and February 28, 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. We calculated the ROX index and the SpO2/FiO2 ratio at 1 h, 4 h, and 12 h after HFNC initiation. The primary outcome was HFNC failure defined as the need for subsequent intubation despite HFNC application. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate discrimination of prediction models for HFNC failure. Results Of 1,565 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 133 who received HFNC were analyzed. Among them, 63 patients (47.4%) were successfully weaned from HFNC, and 70 (52.6%) were intubated. Among patients with HFNC failure, 32 (45.7%) died. The SpO2/FiO2 ratio at 1 h after HFNC initiation was an important predictor of HFNC failure (AUC 0.762 [0.679–0.846]). The AUCs of SpO2/FiO2 ratio at 4 h and ROX indices at 1 h and 4 h were 0.733 (0.640–0.826), 0.697 (0.597–0.798), and 0.682 (0.583–0.781), respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that the patients aged ≥70 years are 3.4 times more likely to experience HFNC failure than those aged p = 0.009). The SpO2/FiO2 ratio (HR 0.983 [0.972–0.994], p = 0.003) at 1 h was significantly associated with HFNC failure. Conclusions The SpO2/FiO2 ratio following HFNC initiation was an acceptable predictor of HFNC failure. The SpO2/FiO2 ratio may be a good prognostic marker for predicting intubation in COVID-9 patients receiving HFNC.
Published: 2021

40. RRM1 Expression as a Prognostic Biomarker for Unresectable or Recurrent Biliary Tract Cancer Treated with Gemcitabine plus Cisplatin

Author: Weon Seo Park, Sang Myung Woo, Tae Hyun Kim, Sung Sik Han, Nayoung Han, Bo Young Lee, Sang-Jae Park, Woojin Lee, Eun Young Park, Eun Kyung Hong, and Jung Won Chun
Subjects: Cisplatin, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Biliary tract neoplasm, Chemotherapy, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, gemcitabine, cisplatin, General Medicine, Cytidine deaminase, Deoxycytidine kinase, biliary tract neoplasms, Article, Gemcitabine, Internal medicine, medicine, Immunohistochemistry, Biomarker (medicine), Medicine, business, ribonucleotide reductases, medicine.drug
Abstract: The combination of gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GP) is regarded as a first-line treatment for patients with unresectable or recurrent biliary tract cancer (BTC). Several proteins including human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 (hENT1), deoxycytidine kinase (DCK), cytidine deaminase (CDA), and ribonucleotide reductase subunit 1 (RRM1) are known to be involved in gemcitabine uptake and metabolism. This study was aimed to identify the predictive and prognostic values of these biomarkers in patients who treated with GP for advanced BTC. Tumor samples were obtained from 34 patients with unresectable or recurrent BTC who were treated with GP between August 2015 and February 2018. Intratumoral expression of hENT1, DCK, CDA and RRM1 was determined by immunohistochemistry and analyzed for association with chemotherapy response, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Median OS was significantly longer in the RRM1-negative group than in the RRM1-positive (9.9 months vs. 5.9 months, p = 0.037). Multivariate adjustment analyses also demonstrated RRM1 expression as an independent prognostic factor for OS in patients treated with GP chemotherapy. Increased intratumoral expression of RRM1 on immunohistochemical staining may be a biomarker predicting poor survival in patients with GP chemotherapy for advanced BTC. Large-scale well-predefined prospective research is needed to validate the utility of biomarkers in clinical practice.
Published: 2021

41. Late Failure of High-Flow Nasal Cannula May Be Associated with High Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: A Multicenter Retrospective Study in the Republic of Korea

Author: Moon Seong Baek, Jin Hyoung Kim, Yong Sub Na, Won-Young Kim, Gil Myeong Seong, Ae-Rin Baek, Song-I Lee, and Bo Young Lee
Subjects: Mechanical ventilation, medicine.diagnostic_test, high-flow nasal cannula, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Medicine (miscellaneous), COVID-19, Retrospective cohort study, Odds ratio, medicine.disease_cause, mortality, Article, intubation, Pulse oximetry, ROX index, Interquartile range, Fraction of inspired oxygen, Anesthesia, medicine, Medicine, Intubation, business, Nasal cannula
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether the late failure of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is associated with mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This multicenter study included seven university-affiliated hospitals in the Republic of Korea. We collected the data of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 between 10 February 2020 and 28 February 2021. Failure of HFNC was defined as the need for mechanical ventilation despite HFNC application. According to the time of intubation, HFNC failure was divided into early failure (within 48 h) and late failure (after 48 h). During the study period, 157 patients received HFNC and 133 were eligible. Among them, 70 received mechanical ventilation. The median time from HFNC initiation to intubation of the early failure group was 4.1 h (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.1–13.5 h), and that of the late failure group was 70.9 h (IQR: 54.4–145.4 h). Although the ratio of pulse oximetry/fraction of inspired oxygen (ROX index) within 24 h of HFNC initiation tended to be lower in the early failure group than in the late failure group, the ROX index before two hours of intubation was significantly lower in the late failure group (odds ratio [OR], 5.74 [IQR: 4.58–6.98] vs. 4.80 [IQR: 3.67–5.97], p = 0.040). The late failure of HFNC may be associated with high mortality in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure.
Published: 2021
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42. Bioinspired

Author: Dohun, Kim, Gayoung, Jo, Yujin, Chae, Surendran, Subramani, Bo Young, Lee, Eun Jeong, Kim, Min-Kyung, Ji, Uk, Sim, and Hoon, Hyun
Subjects: Photothermal Therapy, Neoplasms, Humans, Camellia, Phototherapy, Carbon
Abstract: Since carbon dots (CDs) exhibit excellent biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, near-infrared (NIR) absorbance, and superior photostability, many types of CDs are considered as powerful candidates for photothermal therapy (PTT) applications. However, the development of a desirable CD is still difficult due to insufficient photothermal conversion, thus resulting in the use of high laser power densities at a high dose of CDs for the PTT effect. Herein, bioinspired sulfur-doped CDs (S-CDs) with strong NIR absorbance were prepared from
Published: 2021

43. Rapid Tumor Targeting of Renal-Clearable ZW800-1 Conjugate for Efficient Photothermal Cancer Therapy

Author: Bo Young Lee, Eun Jeong Kim, Hoon Hyun, Gayoung Jo, and Min Ho Park
Subjects: Biodistribution, Tumor targeting, Fluorophore, photothermal therapy, tumor targeting, QH301-705.5, Medicine (miscellaneous), Cancer, renal clearance, Photothermal therapy, medicine.disease, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, chemistry.chemical_compound, ZW800-1, chemistry, In vivo, Cancer cell, medicine, Cancer research, zwitterionic fluorophores, Biology (General), Conjugate
Abstract: The combination of near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores and photothermal therapy (PTT) provides a new opportunity for safe and effective cancer treatment. However, the precise molecular design of functional NIR fluorophores with desired properties, such as high tumor targetability and low nonspecific uptake, remains challenging. In this study, a renal-clearable NIR fluorophore conjugate with high tumor targetability was developed for efficient photothermal cancer therapy. The isoniazid (INH)–ZW800-1 conjugate (INH–ZW) was synthesized by conjugating an antibiotic drug, INH, with a well-known zwitterionic NIR fluorophore, ZW800-1, to improve in vivo performance and fluorescence-guided cancer phototherapy. INH–ZW not only showed rapid tumor accumulation without nonspecific tissue/organ uptake within 1 h after the injection but also generated thermal energy to induce cancer cell death under NIR laser irradiation. Compared with previously reported ZW800-1 conjugates, INH–ZW preserved the ideal biodistribution of ZW800-1 and facilitated improved tumor targeting and PTT. Together, these results demonstrate that the INH–ZW conjugate has great potential to serve as an effective PTT agent capable of rapid tumor targeting and high renal clearance, with excellent photothermal efficacy.
Published: 2021

44. The Effect of Welding Residual Stress for Making Artificial Stress Corrosion Crack in the STS 304 Pipe

Author: Jae-Seong Kim, Bo-Young Lee, Woong-Gi Hwang, and Sung-Sik Kang
Subjects: Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract: The stress corrosion crack is one of the fracture phenomena for the major structure components in nuclear power plant. During the operation of a power plant, stress corrosion cracks are initiated and grown especially in dissimilar weldment of primary loop components. In particular, stress corrosion crack usually occurs when the following three factors exist at the same time: susceptible material, corrosive environment, and tensile stress (residual stress included). Thus, residual stress becomes a critical factor for stress corrosion crack when it is difficult to improve the material corrosivity of the components and their environment under operating conditions. In this study, stress corrosion cracks were artificially produced on STS 304 pipe itself by control of welding residual stress. We used the instrumented indentation technique and 3D FEM analysis (using ANSYS 12) to evaluate the residual stress values in the GTAW area. We used the custom-made device for fabricating the stress corrosion crack in the inner STS 304 pipe wall. As the result of both FEM analysis and experiment, the stress corrosion crack was quickly generated and could be reproduced, and it could be controlled by welding residual stress.
Published: 2015
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45. Early neoproterozoic supracrustal successions in the central Korean Peninsula: Implications for the paleotectonic history of East Asia

Author: Sung Won Kim, Bo Young Lee, Kyoungtae Ko, M. Santosh, Weon Seo Kee, Seung-Ik Park, Seung Hwan Lee, Byung Choon Lee, Hee Jae Koh, and Youn-Joong Jeong
Subjects: Geochemistry and Petrology, Geology
Published: 2022

46. Higher Dose Anticoagulation Cannot Prevent Disease Progression in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author: Emőke Henrietta Kovács, Krisztián Tánczos, László Szabó, Caner Turan, Fanni Dembrovszky, Klementina Ocskay, Bo-Young Lee, Péter Hegyi, and Zsolt Molnár
Subjects: Medicine (miscellaneous), General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract: Implementation of higher dose (HD) thromboprophylaxis has been considered in patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our aim was to compare HD to standard dose (SD) thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19 patients. The protocol is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021284808). We searched for randomised controlled studies (CENTRAL, Embase, Medline and medRxviv) that compared HD to SD anticoagulation in COVID-19 and analysed outcomes such as mortality, thrombotic events, bleedings, and disease progression. The statistical analyses were made using the random effects model. Fourteen articles were included (6253 patients). HD compared with SD showed no difference in mortality (OR 0.83 [95% CI 0.54–1.28]). The use of HD was associated with a decreased risk of thrombosis (OR 0.58 [95% CI 0.44–0.76]), although with an increased risk of major bleeding (OR 1.64 [95% CI 1.25–2.16]). The cohort with D-dimer < 1 mg/mL showed no effect (OR 1.19 [95% CI 0.67–2.11]), but in the case of D-dimer > 1 mg/mL, a tendency of lower risk in the HD group was observed (OR 0.56 [95% CI 0.31–1.00]). The need for intubation in moderately ill patients showed a nonsignificant lower likelihood in the HD group (OR 0.82 [95% CI 0.63–1.08]). We cannot advocate for HD in all COVID-19 patients, although it shows some nonsignificant benefits on disease progression in those with elevated D-dimer who do not need ICU admission.
Published: 2022

47. Construction of High-Resolution RAD-Seq Based Linkage Map, Anchoring Reference Genome, and QTL Mapping of the Sex Chromosome in the Marine Medaka Oryzias melastigma

Author: Min-Sub Kim, Jae-Seong Lee, Atsushi J. Nagano, Rudolf S.S. Wu, Yusuke Takehana, Bo-Young Lee, Beom-Soon Choi, and Doris W.T. Au
Subjects: Genetic Linkage, Oryzias, Quantitative Trait Loci, Sequence assembly, Genomics, Computational biology, QH426-470, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, Quantitative trait locus, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, 01 natural sciences, Genome, DNA sequencing, 03 medical and health sciences, quantitative trait locus, Genetics, Animals, sex, Molecular Biology, reference genome, Genetics (clinical), 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Comparative Genomic Hybridization, 0303 health sciences, Sex Chromosomes, oryzias melastigma, Chromosome Mapping, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Japanese Medaka, biology.organism_classification, linkage map, Genome Report, marine medaka, Reference genome
Abstract: Medaka (Oryzias spp.) is an important fish species in ecotoxicology and considered as a model species due to its biological features including small body size and short generation time. Since Japanese medaka Oryzias latipes is a freshwater species with access to an excellent genome resources, the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma is also applicable for marine ecotoxicology. In genome era, a high-density genetic linkage map is a very useful resource in genomic research, providing a means for comparative genomic analysis and verification of de novo genome assembly. In this study, we developed a high-density genetic linkage map for O. melastigma using restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq). The genetic map consisted of 24 linkage groups with 2,481 RAD-tag markers. The total map length was 1,784 cM with an average marker space of 0.72 cM. The genetic map was integrated with the reference-assisted chromosome assembly (RACA) of O. melastigma, which anchored 90.7% of the assembled sequence onto the linkage map. The values of complete Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) were similar to RACA assembly but N50 (23.74 Mb; total genome length 779.4 Mb; gap 5.29%) increased to 29.99 Mb (total genome length 778.7 Mb; gap 5.2%). Using MapQTL analysis with a single nucleotide polymorphism markers, we identified a major quantitative trait locus for sex traits on the Om10. The integration of the genetic map with the reference genome of marine medaka will serve as a good resource for studies in molecular toxicology, genomics, CRISPR/Cas9, and epigenetics.
Published: 2019

48. The Devonian back-arc basin and Triassic arc-continent collision along the Imjingang belt in the Korean Peninsula and their tectonic meaning

Author: Bo Young Lee, Byung Choon Lee, Keewook Yi, Deung Lyong Cho, Peng Peng, Mingguo Zhai, and Chang Whan Oh
Subjects: geography, Felsic, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Metamorphic rock, Schist, Geochemistry, Metamorphism, Geology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Kyanite, Craton, Geochemistry and Petrology, visual_art, Staurolite, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Mafic, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The Imjingang belt, which is located between the Nangrim and Gyeonggi Massifs, is divided into the Imjin group in the north and the Samgot unit in the south. The southeastern part of the Imjin group, which is located within South Korea, is called the Jingok unit. The Samgot unit consists of amphibolite, psammitic schist, meta-alkali granite and meta-calc-silicate rock. The amphibolite experienced prograde metamorphism from 648-550 °C/13-11 kbar to 715 °C/11 kbar and was then retrograded to ca. 579-569 °C/6.7-6.3 kbar. The psammitic schist was metamorphosed at ca. 710 °C/11 kbar and then retrograded to ca. 670-660 °C/11-10 kbar. These data indicate that the Samgot unit underwent clockwise prograde metamorphism with peak metamorphism conditions of 715-710 °C/11 kbar, which is confirmed by pseudosection analysis. The results of this and previous studies indicate that the metamorphic grade increases southward from the garnet and staurolite zones (630-500 °C/9-3 kbar) through the kyanite zone (710-665 °C/9 kbar) in the Jingok unit to the Samgot unit (715-710 °C/11 kbar) of the Imjingang belt. This metamorphic pattern indicates that the Imjingang belt underwent regional intermediate-P/T metamorphism. The SHRIMP U-Pb age dating of zircons from the amphibolite and meta-alkali granite yields intrusion ages of ca. 371-361 Ma and 373 Ma, respectively. From the psammitic schist, ages of ca. 401-370 Ma are obtained from the youngest detrital zircons and ages of ca. 251-249 Ma are obtained from the metamorphic zircons. In addition, the SHRIMP U-Pb age dating of titanite from the amphibolite yields a retrograde metamorphic age of ca. 229-214 Ma. The whole-rock chemical composition of the amphibolite plots in the back-arc basin basalt field on the tectonic discrimination diagrams. These data indicate that the Imjingang belt, including the Samgot unit, consists of Devonian sedimentary rocks that were deposited in a back-arc basin and intruded by mafic and felsic igneous rocks at ca. 373-361 Ma. Finally, the Imjingang belt underwent intermediate-P/T metamorphism during the Triassic (251–249 Ma) instead of high-P/T metamorphism, indicating that the Imjingang belt is not the extension of the Dabie-Sulu collision belt but a back-arc basin within the North China Craton that underwent intermediate-P/T metamorphism due to the closure of the back-arc basin (arc-continent collision) during the collision between the North and South China Cratons along the Hongseong-Odesan collision belt within the Gyeonggi Massif.
Published: 2019

49. Studies on Sized Silks for East Asian Painting Background

Author: Hyo Seon Ryu and Bo-Young Lee
Subjects: Painting, Materials science, SILK, Polymer science, Dyeing, Sizing
Abstract: This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of general characteristics of sized silk fabrics for the painting purpose. Two particular types of silk fabrics used for painting background were compared: a recreation of historical material and a mass produced material of present day. The sizing process made the surface characteristics of the silk fabrics more suitable for painting. The dyeing properties of the fabrics were related to the surface area of the fabrics, and had no significant effect on their mechanical properties. The antibacterial activity of the tannin-based natural dyestuffs were maintained after the sizing. The performance assessment by the KES-FB system showed that the fabrics are more prone to deteriorate after the sizing because the glue layer receives the most of the physical stresses.
Published: 2019

50. Elementary School Teachers’ Knowledge and Countermeasures of Children with ADHD

Author: Ockryeo Kang and Bo Young Lee
Subjects: Medical education, School teachers, Countermeasure, Psychology
Published: 2018

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