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Pseudolipoma of Glisson's capsule is a rare, benign subcapsular liver lesion that typically occurs in older adult men. It comprises degenerated fat tissue that likely originates from detached mesothelial appendages or degenerated liver lipomas. We report the case of a 58-year-old female patient with a gastric malignant tumor after admission. No lesions were found in the liver capsule before surgery. During postoperative reviews from 2015 to 2018, new dense, fatty lesions were found under the liver capsule, and highly unusually, the lesions moved under the liver capsule over time. To the best of our knowledge, only 1 other case has been reported of a pseudolipoma of Glisson's capsule that migrated over time. This supports the hypothesis that migrating mesothelial attachments form Glisson capsule pseudolipomas. This case report aims to review liver capsule anatomy, explain why the liver is particularly susceptible to this phenomenon, and present information to aid the diagnosis of fat-containing hepatic lesions by providing a unique perspective on certain pathologies affecting the liver.

Abstract In the study, a combined numerical simulation and on‐site monitoring method was used to analyze the asymmetric development characteristics of overlying rock fractures in a goaf under the condition of a goaf side entry formed by roof cutting and to explore the gas accumulation area in the goaf, achieving precise gas extraction from the goaf. The results demonstrates that a double‐balanced arch structure is formed under the condition of a goaf side entry formed by roof cutting, achieving safe retention of the roadway and showing the significance of the pressure relief effect of roof cutting. The collapse movement of the overlying rock on the roof‐cutting side is relatively advanced. The heights of the collapse zone on the roof‐cutting side and the uncut roof side are 28 and 24 m, respectively, and the development heights of the fracture zone are 37 and 42 m, respectively. The fault line on the roof‐cutting side gradually shifts toward the direction of the goaf, and the surface settlement and fracture development are relatively small. There is a clear asymmetric structure in terms of time effect, fault line, fracture zone height, and surface settlement compared to the uncut roof side. The gas is distributed throughout the entire goaf in the roof‐cutting and tunneling mode, and a high‐concentration gas accumulation area is formed near the open–off cut and working face on the high side of the fracture zone. Based on an actual situation, a method of drilling high and low positions in a fracture zone is proposed for extraction. Combined with on‐site monitoring, the goaf was no longer filled with gas during extraction, and the proportion of low‐concentration gas space considerably increased.

Abstract Purpose The Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) is a novel, inclusive measure for evaluating the antioxidant potential of diets. We aim to explore the link between the CDAI and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in U.S. adults aged ≥ 40 years. Methods This cross-sectional study collected dietary and AAC data for individuals aged ≥ 40 years from the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. The CDAI was calculated using six dietary antioxidants. AAC was evaluated using a semi-quantitative scoring system known as AAC-24, with an AAC score greater than 6 as severe AAC (SAAC). To examine the association between CDAI and AAC, including SAAC, liner/logistic regression analyses and smooth curve fitting were applied. Results A total of 2,640 participants were included in this study, and significant decreases in AAC score and SAAC prevalence were observed with ascending CDAI levels (P

Abstract Objectives To explore the role of nodule-pleural relationship, including nodule with pleural tail sign (PTS), nodule with pleural contact and nodule with pleural unrelated in CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB)-induced pneumothorax, and whether employing different puncture routes has an impact on the incidence of pneumothorax in PTNB of nodules with PTS. Methods Between April 1, 2019, to June 30, 2021, 775 consecutive PTNB procedures of pulmonary nodules in the Peking University Cancer Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The univariate and multivariate regression analysis were used to identify the risk factors for pneumothorax in PTNB. Results The nodule with pleural contact group has a lower incidence of pneumothorax than the nodule with PTS group (p = 0.001) and the nodule with pleural unrelated group (p = 0.002). It was observed that a higher incidence of pneumothorax caused by crossing PTS compared with no crossing PTS (p

Abstract Background Apart from the conventional utilization of ICL implantation for the correction of refractive errors, its recent applications extend to correcting refractive errors post laser refractive surgery. Notably, the development of cataracts stands out as a prevalent postoperative complication, often associated with low vault. Previous cases have demonstrated successful management of cataracts with ICL through the combination of FLACS and ICL removal coupled with IOL implantation, resulting in favorable postoperative visual outcomes. Herein, we present a case of cataract with low vault ICL following LASIK and its subsequent management. Case presentation A 46-year-old male presented with vision loss in the right eye for 9 months, and he had undergone LASIK 22 years prior and had ICL implantation in both eyes 2 years ago to correct refractive error. One day after ICL implantation, both eyes exhibited the UDVA of 1.2 and 1.0, well-positioned ICLs, and approximate vault of 150 μm and 200 μm. Six months ago, the patient became aware of blurred vision in the right eye for a duration of 3 months. Examination revealed cloudy lens cortex in the right eye. During the current review, the UDVA of the right eye was 0.6, where nasal wedge-shaped clouding was evident and worsened, while the left eye lens remained transparent. AS-OCT demonstrated the vault of 54 μm in the right eye and 83 μm in the left eye. Considering the patient’s history of LASIK and the presence of right eye cataract, a monovision approach was adopted. The patient underwent FLACS combined with ICL extraction and monofocal IOL lens implantation in the right eye. At 10 days postoperatively, the patient exhibited the UDVA of 1.0. Conclusions Our report confirms the feasibility of FLACS in managing cataracts in patients with low vault ICL following LASIK. This procedure does not pose significantly greater challenges than in typical cataract cases, although meticulous care remains essential throughout every step of the surgery, particularly during laser scanning and positioning. With adequate preoperative preparation and precise calculation of the IOL power, surgical outcomes can meet expectations fully.

Abstract To analyze the quantitative mapping relationship between the geometric errors of the five-axis CNC machine tool and the tooth surface deviation of spiral bevel gears, and identify the key geometric errors that affect the machining deviation of the spiral bevel gear tooth surface, a sensitivity analysis method for tooth surface machining deviation of spiral bevel gear based on screw theory and EFAST method is proposed. Firstly, the machining model of the spiral bevel gear tooth surface based on the five-axis CNC machine tool is established. Then, the geometric error transfer model of the machine tool is established based on the screw theory. Combined with the EFAST global sensitivity analysis method, the key geometric errors that affect tooth surface deviation are identified. Finally, the reliability and effectiveness tests are performed by comparing the results to the local sensitivity analysis method and simulating compensation for the key geometric errors. The result of compensation shows that the tooth surface deviation is reduced significantly according to global sensitivity analysis. The feasibility of applying sensitivity analysis to control the tooth surface deviation of spiral bevel gears has been demonstrated.

In recent years, biomass utilization has significantly increased, presenting challenges in its incorporation into various systems. Effective handling requires reliable data on biomass flow properties for designing warehouses and processing equipment. This study investigates the physical properties of ground barley grains, ground oak leaves, ground straw, and cut jute. Barley grains, oak leaves, and straw bales were milled, and jute was cut into 2–3 mm lengths and oven-dried. Particle size distribution, bulk density, Hausner ratio, Carr’s index, moisture content, static angle of repose, and flowability tests and SEM analysis were conducted. The study found that ground barley, having the smallest particle size and highest bulk density, showed superior flow properties due to its rounded particles and clusters, as reflected by a low Hausner ratio. In contrast, jute fibers had a low bulk density and poor flowability, while ground straw exhibited hindered flow due to its larger, more irregular particles. Additionally, the biomass sliding behavior varied with particle size and surface irregularities, with ground barley adhering well to plywood and ground oak leaves adhering well to aluminum. These findings underscore the pivotal roles of particle shape and interparticle forces in determining the biomass flow properties, pointing towards a future where precise environmental control and advanced analytical methods drive innovations in biomass utilization.

Abstract Little is known about biological processes controlling inorganic phosphate (PO4) in groundwater ecosystems. Here we present analyses of groundwater samples from the Hetao Basin, China that show an increasing contribution of microbial cycling to groundwater PO4 from oxic to anoxic conditions along a flow path with phosphate-bound oxygen isotopes (δ18OPO4). Under oxic conditions, although 25–47% of the dissolved PO4 inherited the initial source signal of igneous apatite, groundwater δ18OPO4 reflected a pronounced impact of intracellular enzymatic cycling. Under anoxic conditions, dissolved PO4 carried a nearly exclusive equilibrium isotope signal, which was probably due to (i) release of PO4 with an equilibrium δ18OPO4 from Fe(III) oxides, as a result of Fe(III) reduction in the presence of Fe(III)- and sulfate-reducing bacteria; and/or (ii) cumulative microbial cycling of dissolved PO4 with increasing groundwater residence time. Our study highlights that PO4 in groundwater is tightly microbially cycled under a wide range of redox conditions and microbial cycling contributes to the release of PO4 in groundwater.

Abstract Background Microbial anaerobic metabolism is a key driver of biogeochemical cycles, influencing ecosystem function and health of both natural and engineered environments. However, the temporal dynamics of the intricate interactions between microorganisms and the organic metabolites are still poorly understood. Leveraging metagenomic and metabolomic approaches, we unveiled the principles governing microbial metabolism during a 96-day anaerobic bioreactor experiment. Results During the turnover and assembly of metabolites, homogeneous selection was predominant, peaking at 84.05% on day 12. Consistent dynamic coordination between microbes and metabolites was observed regarding their composition and assembly processes. Our findings suggested that microbes drove deterministic metabolite turnover, leading to consistent molecular conversions across parallel reactors. Moreover, due to the more favorable thermodynamics of N-containing organic biotransformations, microbes preferentially carried out sequential degradations from N-containing to S-containing compounds. Similarly, the metabolic strategy of C18 lipid-like molecules could switch from synthesis to degradation due to nutrient exhaustion and thermodynamical disadvantage. This indicated that community biotransformation thermodynamics emerged as a key regulator of both catabolic and synthetic metabolisms, shaping metabolic strategy shifts at the community level. Furthermore, the co-occurrence network of microbes-metabolites was structured around microbial metabolic functions centered on methanogenesis, with CH4 as a network hub, connecting with 62.15% of total nodes as 1st and 2nd neighbors. Microbes aggregate molecules with different molecular traits and are modularized depending on their metabolic abilities. They established increasingly positive relationships with high-molecular-weight molecules, facilitating resource acquisition and energy utilization. This metabolic complementarity and substance exchange further underscored the cooperative nature of microbial interactions. Conclusions All results revealed three key rules governing microbial anaerobic degradation. These rules indicate that microbes adapt to environmental conditions according to their community-level metabolic trade-offs and synergistic metabolic functions, further driving the deterministic dynamics of molecular composition. This research offers valuable insights for enhancing the prediction and regulation of microbial activities and carbon flow in anaerobic environments. Video Abstract

AIM: To observe early clinical outcome with lens position adjustment following the implantable collamer lens (ICL) surgery. METHODS: Sixty patients were selected for this retrospective study. One eye from each patient received Toric ICL for astigmatism correction, and the other received non-astigmatic ICL surgery using horizontal position. Patients with higher postoperative arch height were selected, and their non-astigmatic eye clinical outcome were observed after ICL surgery at 1wk, 1, and 3mo. The clinical measurements included uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), refractive state, corneal endothelium cell count, and arch height. Three months later, the ICL in each patient's non-astigmatic eye was adjusted to the vertical from the horizontal position. The results were compared before and 1wk, 1, and 3mo after adjustment. RESULTS: UCVA and IOP were significantly reduced 1wk after position adjustment compared to 1wk after ICL implantation (P0.05). CONCLUSION: Early positioning adjustment post-phakic ICL implantation can benefit patients with adjusted arch height or higher IOP. Despite the good clinical effects, the doctors should pay attention to the potential for adverse effects on UCVA and corneal endothelium cells following early position adjustment after posterior chamber phakic ICL implantation.

Abstract The widely distributed sediments following an earthquake presents a continuous threat to local residential areas and infrastructure. These materials become more easily mobilized due to reduced rainfall thresholds. Before establishing an effective management plan for debris flow hazards, it is crucial to determine the potential reach of these sediments. In this study, a deep learning-based method—Dual Attention Network (DAN)—was developed to predict the runout distance of potential debris flows after the 2022 Luding Earthquake, taking into account the topography and precipitation conditions. Given that the availability of reliable precipitation data remains a challenge, attributable to the scarcity of rain gauge stations and the relatively coarse resolution of satellite-based observations, our approach involved three key steps. First, we employed the DAN model to refine the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) data, enhancing its spatial and temporal resolution. This refinement was achieved by leveraging the correlation between precipitation and regional environment factors (REVs) at a seasonal scale. Second, the downscaled GPM underwent calibration using observations from rain gauge stations. Third, mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE) were employed to evaluate the performance of both the downscaling and calibration processes. Then the calibrated precipitation, catchment area, channel length, average channel gradient, and sediment volume were selected to develop a prediction model based on debris flows following the Wenchuan Earthquake. This model was applied to estimate the runout distance of potential debris flows after the Luding Earthquake. The results show that: (1) The calibrated GPM achieves an average MAE of 1.56 mm, surpassing the MAEs of original GPM (4.25 mm) and downscaled GPM (3.83 mm); (2) The developed prediction model reduces the prediction error by 40 m in comparison to an empirical equation; (3) The potential runout distance of debris flows after the Luding Earthquake reaches 0.77 km when intraday rainfall is 100 mm, while the minimum distance value is only 0.06 km. Overall, the developed model offers a scientific support for decision makers in taking reasonable measurements for loss reduction caused by post-seismic debris flows.

Abstract Human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells may be used to create 3D tissues called brain organoids. They duplicate the physiological and pathological characteristics of human brain tissue more faithfully in terms of both structure and function, and they more precisely resemble the morphology and cellular structure of the human embryonic brain. This makes them valuable models for both drug screening and in vitro studies on the development of the human brain and associated disorders. The technical breakthroughs enabled by brain organoids have a significant impact on the research of different brain regions, brain development and sickness, the connections between the brain and other tissues and organs, and brain evolution. This article discusses the development of brain organoids, their use in diabetes research, and their progress.

Abstract The interfacial microstructures of Josephson junctions are vital for understanding the microscopic mechanism to improve the performance of superconducting qubits further. However, there remain significant concerns about well understanding the correlation between atomic structures and electrical behaviors. Here, we propose a new method to define the interface of the barrier in Josephson junctions, and investigate the factors that affect the electrical properties of junctions using material analysis techniques and first principles. We find that the aluminium–oxygen ratio of the interface contributes greatly to the electrical properties of junctions, which is consistent with the conclusions obtained by utilizing the generative adversarial network for data augmentation. When the aluminium–oxygen ratio of the interface is 0.67–1.1, the model exhibits a lower barrier height and better electrical properties of the junction. Moreover, when the thickness of the barrier is fixed, the impact of the aluminium–oxygen ratio becomes prominent. A detailed analysis of Josephson junctions using a microscopic model has led to identifying of process defects that can enhance the yield rate of chips. It has a great boost for determining the relationship between microstructures and macroscopic performances.

Abstract A body that violates Kirchhoff’s law of thermal radiation exhibits an inequality in its spectral directional absorptivity and emissivity. Achieving such an inequality is of fundamental interest as well as a prerequisite for achieving thermodynamic limits in photonic energy conversion1 and radiative cooling2. Thus far, inequalities in the spectral directional emissivity and absorptivity have been limited to narrow spectral resonances3, or wavelengths well beyond the infrared regime4. Bridging the gap from basic demonstrations to practical applications requires control over a broad spectral range of the unequal spectral directional absorptivity and emissivity. In this work, we demonstrate broadband nonreciprocal thermal emissivity and absorptivity by measuring the thermal emissivity and absorptivity of gradient epsilon-near-zero InAs layers of subwavelength thicknesses (50 nm and 150 nm) with an external magnetic field. The effect occurs in a spectral range (12.5–16 μm) that overlaps with the infrared transparency window and is observed at moderate (1 T) magnetic fields.

Taking 4502 working face of Shaqu No.1 Coal Mine as an example, the influence of roof cutting parameters on the stability of surrounding rock is studied by means of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field measurement. The results show that: the double roof cutting can weaken the stress concentration phenomenon inside the solid coal wall, which is beneficial to the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway, but the larger the height of the roof cutting, the larger the vertical displacement of the roadway roof, which is not conducive to the control of the roof deformation. A certain angle of the roof cutting is beneficial to the collapse of the roof in the mining area, but the larger the angle of the cut roof, the larger the peak stress concentration and the value of the sinking of the roadway roof, which increases the difficulty of the anchor cable reinforcement. The height and angle of the roof cutting should be selected moderately, and the optimum value is 13 m and 15° respectively, when the oblique length of slit is 13.5 m, the results of field measurement and numerical simulation are in good consistency.

Abstract Archaea possess characteristic membrane-spanning lipids that are thought to contribute to the adaptation to extreme environments. However, the biosynthesis of these lipids is poorly understood. Here, we identify a radical S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) enzyme that synthesizes glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers (GMGTs). The enzyme, which we name GMGT synthase (Gms), catalyzes the formation of a C(sp3)–C(sp3) linkage between the two isoprenoid chains of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs). This conclusion is supported by heterologous expression of gene gms from a GMGT-producing species in a methanogen, as well as demonstration of in vitro activity using purified Gms enzyme. Additionally, we show that genes encoding putative Gms homologs are present in obligate anaerobic archaea and in metagenomes obtained from oxygen-deficient environments, and appear to be absent in metagenomes from oxic settings.

Abstract Quantum computing has already demonstrated great computational potential across multiple domains and has received more and more attention. However, due to the connectivity limitations of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices, most of the quantum algorithms cannot be directly executed without the help of inserting SWAP gates. Nevertheless, more SWAP gates lead to a longer execution time and, inevitably, lower fidelity of the algorithm. To this end, this paper proposes an optimized qubit mapping algorithm based on a dynamic look-ahead strategy to minimize the number of SWAP gates inserted. Firstly, a heuristic algorithm is proposed based on maximizing physical qubit connectivity to generate the optimal initial qubit mapping, which reduces the need for logical qubit shifts during subsequent SWAP gate insertion. Secondly, in the form of directed acyclic graphs, we identify quantum gates that violate the constraints of physical coupling and insert SWAP gates to remap qubits, thereby overcoming the limitations of qubit interactions. Finally, the optimal SWAP gate insertion strategy is built by comparing the cost of different SWAP gate insertion strategies through a multi-window look-ahead strategy to reduce the number of SWAP gates inserted. The experimental results show that the strategy in this paper decreases the number of SWAP gate insertions and significantly reduces the depth of quantum circuits when performing qubit mapping compared with state-of-the-art methods.

The physiological and pathological changes in the human body caused by environmental pressures are collectively referred to as the Exposome. Human society is facing escalating environmental pollution, leading to a rising prevalence of associated diseases, including respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, reproductive development disorders, among others. Vulnerable populations to the pathogenic effects of environmental pollution include those in the prenatal, infancy, and elderly stages of life. Conducting Exposome mechanistic research and proposing effective health interventions are urgent in addressing the current severe environmental pollution. In this review, we address the core issues and bottlenecks faced by current Exposome research, specifically focusing on the most toxic ultrafine nanoparticles. We summarize multiple research models being used in Exposome research. Especially, we discuss the limitations of rodent animal models in mimicking human physiopathological phenotypes, and prospect advantages and necessity of non-human primates in Exposome research based on their evolutionary relatedness, anatomical and physiological similarities to human. Finally, we declare the initiation of NHPE (Non-Human Primate Exposome) project for conducting Exposome research using non-human primates and provide insights into its feasibility and key areas of focus. Synopsis: Non-human primate models hold unique advantages in human Exposome research.

Abstract With the widespread adoption of metagenomic sequencing, new perspectives have emerged for studying microbial ecological networks, yielding metabolic evidence of interspecies interactions that traditional co‐occurrence networks cannot infer. This protocol introduces the integrated Network Analysis Pipeline 2.0 (iNAP 2.0), which features an innovative metabolic complementarity network for microbial studies from metagenomics sequencing data. iNAP 2.0 sets up a four‐module process for metabolic interaction analysis, namely: (I) Prepare genome‐scale metabolic models; (II) Infer pairwise interactions of genome‐scale metabolic models; (III) Construct metabolic interaction networks; and (IV) Analyze metabolic interaction networks. Starting from metagenome‐assembled or complete genomes, iNAP 2.0 offers a variety of methods to quantify the potential and trends of metabolic complementarity between models, including the PhyloMint pipeline based on phylogenetic distance‐adjusted metabolic complementarity, the SMETANA (species metabolic interaction analysis) approach based on cross‐feeding substrate exchange prediction, and metabolic distance calculation based on parsimonious flux balance analysis (pFBA). Notably, iNAP 2.0 integrates the random matrix theory (RMT) approach to find the suitable threshold for metabolic interaction network construction. Finally, the metabolic interaction networks can proceed to analysis using topological feature analysis such as hub node determination. In addition, a key feature of iNAP 2.0 is the identification of potentially transferable metabolites between species, presented as intermediate nodes that connect microbial nodes in the metabolic complementarity network. To illustrate these new features, we use a set of metagenome‐assembled genomes as an example to comprehensively document the usage of the tools. iNAP 2.0 is available at https://inap.denglab.org.cn for all users to register and use for free.

Objective Although Kawasaki disease (KD) is commonly regarded as a single disease entity, clinical subgroups have recently been described. We aimed to validate previous research on clinical subgroups and establish a KD subgroup differentiation model specific to China.Methods We analysed clinical data of 1682 patients diagnosed with KD at the Kunming Children’s Hospital from December 2014 to December 2022. We performed principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering on 13 continuous variables. Then, we grouped the patients based on the optimal number of clusters and analysed the clinical characteristics of each subgroup.Results We ultimately identified three subgroups. In cluster 1, younger patients predominantly exhibited the highest risk of coronary artery aneurysm and the lowest rate of intravenous immunoglobulin resistance. Cluster 2 was characterised by high inflammatory markers and a lowered risk of coronary artery aneurysm. Cluster 3 was characterised by liver involvement, with significant elevations in liver enzymes, gamma-glutamyl transferase and total bilirubin. We found a positive correlation between the ratio of the rising trend and intravenous immunoglobulin resistance. Cluster 1 and cluster 3 shared similarities with the previously identified younger age subgroup and liver subgroup, respectively, whereas cluster 2 was unique to our study.Conclusions Our study preliminarily validated a previous KD subgroup study and established a KD subgroup model in China.

BackgroundBreast cancer, despite significant advancements in treatment, remains a major cause of cancer-related deaths among women. Immunotherapy, an emerging therapeutic strategy, offers promise for better outcomes, particularly through the modulation of immune functions. Glioma-Associated Oncogene Homolog 1 (GLI1), a transcription factor implicated in cancer biology, has shown varying roles in different cancers. However, its immunoregulatory functions in breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) remain elusive. The current study aimed to unravel the expression patterns and immune-regulatory roles of GLI1 in BRCA.MethodsUtilizing multiple bioinformatic platforms (TIMER2.0, GEPIA2, and R packages) based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and/or Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases, we analyzed the expression of GLI1 in BRCA and its pan-cancer expression profiles. We further validated these findings by conducting qPCR and immunohistochemical staining on clinical BRCA samples. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression were performed to assess the prognostic value of GLI1. Additionally, the association between GLI1 expression and immune infiltration within the tumor immune microenvironment (TMIE) was examined.ResultsThe findings reveal dysregulated expression of GLI1 in numerous cancers, with a significant decrease observed in BRCA. High GLI1 expression indicated better survival outcomes and was correlated with the age and stage of BRCA patients. GLI1 was involved in immune status, as evidenced by its strong correlations with immune and stromal scores and the infiltration levels of multiple immune cells. Meanwhile, GLI1 was co-expressed with multiple immune-related genes, and high GLI1 expression was associated with the activation of immune-related pathways, such as binding to proteasome and mismatch repair and retinol metabolism signaling pathways. Additionally, the differential expression of GLI1 may be related to the effect of immunotherapy on CTLA-4, PD-1, and other signals, and can effectively predict the immune efficacy.ConclusionOur study underscores the critical role of GLI1 in BRCA, both as a potential tumor suppressor and an immune regulator. The association between GLI1 expression and favorable prognosis suggests its potential as a prognostic biomarker and immunotherapeutic target in BRCA.

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome in which the host response to infection is dysregulated, leading to circulatory dysfunction and multi-organ damage. It has a high mortality rate and its incidence is increasing year by year, posing a serious threat to human life and health. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have the following properties: hematopoietic support, provision of nutrients, activation of endogenous stem/progenitor cells, repair of tissue damage, elimination of inflammation, immunomodulation, promotion of neovascularization, chemotaxis and migration, anti-apoptosis, anti-oxidation, anti-fibrosis, homing, and many other effects. A large number of studies have confirmed that MSC from different sources have their own characteristics. This article reviews the pathogenesis of sepsis, the biological properties of MSC, and the advantages and disadvantages of different sources of MSC for the treatment of sepsis and their characteristics.

Elucidating the key genes and metabolites responsible for fruit skin color is essential for the breeding of strawberry varieties with beautiful fruit color. Here, transcriptome and metabolome analyses were used to identify the key genes and metabolites associated with fruit skin color in strawberry accessions of red skin (Kaorino), white skin (2012-W02), and the pink skin (Fenyu NO.1, the F1 hybrid of Kaorino and 2012-W02). The metabolomic data showed that the content of anthocyanin-related metabolites, such as p-Coumaroyl quinic acid, 5-Hydroxyconiferyl alcohol and Coumestrol were significantly higher in red-skinned strawberry line Kaorino than in the white-skinned line 2012-W02. The flavonoids and isoflavonoids such as syringetin and 2,7,4’-trihydroxy-isoflavone, were less expressed in the Kaorino than in the other two accessions. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, such as BZ1, F3H, CHS, CHI, DFR, 4CL, PAL, CCR, 4CL, F5H, REF1 and UGT72E, were also significantly upregulated in the red-skinned line Kaorino compared to the white-skinned line 2012-W02, while the HCT, CYP75B1, FG3, HIDH, IF7MAT, I2’H, and VR was downregulated in Kaorino. Combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that the pathways of isoflavonoid biosynthesis and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, and the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway essential for anthocyanin synthesis were commonly enriched by DRMs and DEGs. In addition, the metabolites of peonidin 3-O-glucoside, 2’-hydroxydaidzein and daidzin, and the genes of CYP93B2_16 and UGT73C6 were detected and most accumulated in pink-skinned Fenyu NO.1. This result suggested that the main strategy for obtaining a red skin color is to enhance the upstream pathway of anthocyanin biosynthesis, including the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, and to restrict the downstream steps in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, such as the branch pathway of flavone and flavonol biosynthesis and isoflavonoid biosynthesis.

The quality of life of children with leukemia can be affected by their parents’ emotional stress. We examined the effects of social care collaboration on the psychological states of parents of children with leukemia. This was a prospective, single-center, randomized study. The parents of children diagnosed with leukemia between January 1 and December 31, 2021, were divided randomly into experimental and control groups, in which the health education model and psychological counselling by medical social workers paired with online health education by nurses were used, respectively. Questionnaire surveys were used to evaluate their psychological state. Data were analyzed using t -test and linear regressions. Varying degrees of anxiety and depression were present in 94% of the participants. Anxiety and depression scores were significantly different between the groups, as indicated by the SAS ( p = .002), SDS ( p = .016), and SCL-90 ( p = .015) scales. Income level was related to the degree of anxiety ( p = .047). Although anxiety and depression scores of both groups declined with time, the trend showed no significant difference (anxiety: p = .957; depression: p = .776). Social care collaboration was beneficial in relieving negative emotions in parents of children with leukemia.

BackgroundFor patients with metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), the preferred first-line treatment is platinum-based chemotherapy. Immunotherapy can be considered a subsequent treatment if the chemotherapy is ineffective or the disease progresses. However, how should treatment be administered if immunotherapy is useless and the patient cannot take chemotherapy? Especially in patients who have metastasized after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU).Case presentationA 68-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital due to left flank pain for two weeks and was diagnosed with metastatic UTUC after RNU. The patient underwent systemic chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC), as well as reduced-dose GC, but developed myelosuppression. Immunotherapy was ineffective, so Disitamab vedotin (RC48) was chosen.ResultsDisitamab vedotin (RC48) monotherapy was administered for 13 cycles, during which thyroid function remained normal, the patient responded well to the treatment, and the disease was controlled well. In the subsequent two years of follow-up, there was no disease recurrence.ConclusionThe long-term treatment regimen with RC48 is feasible for metastatic UTUC after RNU, and RC48 monotherapy is suitable as first-line therapy for selected patients.

The automated diagnosis of lumbar spondylolisthesis lacks standardized criteria and the diagnostic of lumbar spondylolisthesis itself inherently relies on the subjective judgment of experts, resulting in a lack of standardized criteria. The objective of this study is to develop a novel, fully automated diagnostic system for lumbar spondylolisthesis. A two-stage system was developed, consisting of a Mask R-CNN with Prime Sample Attention (PISA) for vertebral segmentation in the first stage and a Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM) for spondylolisthesis diagnosis in the second stage. The training data was developed by a total of 936 X-ray images including neutral, extension, and flexion lateral radiographs retrospectively gathered from 312 patients diagnosed with lumbar spondylolisthesis between January 2021 and March 2022. From a model perspective, there were a total of 4680 vertebrae, of which 1056 (22.6 %) were spondylolisthesis and the rest were normal. The Bbox mAP50, Bbox mAP75, Segm mAP50, and Segm mAP75 of Mask R-CNN with PISA were 0.9852, 0.9179, 0.9741, and 0.8957, respectively. The Accuracy, AUC, Recall, Precision, and F1-score of LGBM were 0.9660, 0.9843, 0.9020, 0.9020, and 0.9020, respectively. This study presents a robust system for the diagnosis of lumbar spondylolisthesis, providing accurate detection, classification, and localization of lumbar spondylolisthesis.

Cadmium can lead to the death of pancreatic β cells, thus affecting the synthesis and secretion of insulin. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the cadmium-induced pancreatic β cell death have not been fully understood. In this study, roles of m6A modification in regulating protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum (PPER) pathway in cadmium-induced pancreatic β cell death were explored. Our results demonstrated that cell viability and RNA m6A modification level were decreased, while apoptosis rates increased after CdSO4 treatment in pancreatic β cells (NIT-1). In addition, expressions of Bcl-2, Xbp1, Col3a1, Bax, Chop, Dnajb1, and Hsp90aa1 were all significantly changed in CdSO4 treatment cells. The m6A agonist entacapone (Ent) can prominently reverse the cytotoxicity effects of CdSO4 and alleviate the changes of protein expression induced by CdSO4 treatment. By contrast, m6A inhibitor 3-Deazaadenosine (DAA) can synergistically enhance the cytotoxicity of CdSO4 and aggravate the disorder of protein levels caused by CdSO4 treatment. Interestingly, the results of the immunoprecipitation experiment indicate that Ythdc2, one of m6A binding proteins, may regulate the PPER pathway molecules in an m6A-dependent manner. In summary, our findings provide new directions for the prevention and treatment of the impairment of pancreatic β cell function induced by cadmium.

In recent years, frequent acute temperature changes have posed a serious threat to the physiology and survival of fish. This study utilized RNA-Seq technology to analyze the transcriptional dynamics in the muscle tissues of Acrossocheilus wenchowensis under various acute temperature conditions (16◦C, 20◦C, 24◦C, 28◦C and 32◦C). Through comprehensive analysis, we identified 11509 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), a gene set (profiles 19) that was significantly up-regulated with increasing temperature, and two weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) modules that were significantly correlated with acute temperature changes. Furthermore, we identified 28 transcription factors that are pivotal in oxidative stress and energy metabolism under acute temperature changes. Our results showed that, compared to the control group (24°C), KEGG functional enrichment analysis revealed significant enrichment of DEGs in the cell cycle, DNA replication, and p53 signaling pathway, with an overall trend of suppressed expression. This indicates that maintaining cell stability and reducing cell damage is an effective adaptive mechanism for A. wenchowensis to cope with acute temperature changes. Through STEM analysis and the black WGCNA module associated with high-temperature stress, we identified significant up-regulation of pathways and hub genes related to energy metabolism including oxidative phosphorylation, TCA cycle, purine metabolism, and glutathione metabolism, as well as the central roles of signal transduction pathways such as MAPK signaling pathway and AMPK signaling pathway, which synergistically regulate energy production. Under acute low-temperature stress, the turquoise WGCNA module highlighted significant up-regulation of hub genes associated with Ribosomal and Spliceosomal pathways related to protein synthesis and processing, as well as activation of calcium signaling pathways, which plays an important role in maintaining cellular function during low-temperature adaptation. These findings provide a critical theoretical and molecular basis for the adaptation of eurythermal fish to rapid temperature changes.

Abstract Background Whether polyetheretherketone (PEEK) rods have potential as an alternative to titanium alloy (Ti) rods in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) remains unclear, especially in cases with insufficient anterior support due to the absence of a cage. The purpose of this study was to investigate biomechanical differences between PEEK rods and Ti rods in TLIF with and without a cage. Methods An intact L1-L5 lumbar finite element model was constructed and validated. Accordingly, four TLIF models were developed: (1) Ti rods with a cage; (2) PEEK rods with a cage; (3) Ti rods without a cage; and (4) PEEK rods without a cage. The biomechanical properties were then compared among the four TLIF constructs. Results With or without a cage, no obvious differences were found in the effect of PEEK rods and Ti rods on the range of motion, adjacent disc stress, and adjacent facet joint force. Compared to Ti rods, PEEK rods increase the average bone graft strain (270.8-6055.2 µE vs. 319.0-8751.6 µE). Moreover, PEEK rods reduced the stresses on the screw-rod system (23.1–96.0 MPa vs. 7.2–48.4 MPa) but increased the stresses on the cage (4.6–35.2 MPa vs. 5.6–40.9 MPa) and endplates (5.7–32.5 MPa vs. 6.6–37.6 MPa). Conclusions Regardless of whether a cage was used for TLIF, PEEK rods theoretically have the potential to serve as an alternative to Ti rods because they may provide certain stability, increase the bone graft strain, and reduce the posterior instrumentation stress, which might promote bony fusion and decrease instrumentation failure.

Abstract A bi‐level planning strategy of a hydrogen‐supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system (H‐S HESS) has been proposed in this study for wind power fluctuation suppression. The proposed system consists of a supercapacitor array and a hydrogen energy storage unit, and the bi‐level planning strategy consists of an Energy Management Level and a Capacity Configuration Level. In the upper level, with Hilbert–Huang transform frequency analysis, a novel energy management strategy based on adaptive power allocation (APA) is designed. The lower level applies multi‐objective Harris hawks optimizer to solve the optimal parameters of each device in the system. Based on the data measured from a 2‐MW wind system in a hydrogen‐electric coupled DC microgrid demonstration project, the optimal system capacity configuration scheme is obtained. The annualized cost of the system is $150,212, which is 41.1% lower than the scheme without optimization. The fluctuation unsuppressed rate of H‐S HESS is 0.64% under the APA strategy, which is only 0.14% higher than the conventional HESS (supercapacitor + lithium‐ion batteries) with the same annualized cost of system. The proposed strategy reduces the frequency of HESS operational power fluctuations, improves capacity configuration accuracy, and significantly decreases the cost gap between the proposed H‐S HESS and conventional structures.

Scaffold materials, seed cells and growth factors are referred to as the three elements of bone tissue engineering (BTE). However, the physical properties and biocompatibility of these scaffolds and the safety and cost of their growth factors limit their clinical application. Therefore, it is critical to develop a novel scaffold modified with efficient growth factors that meets the requirements of BTE. Herein, 3D-printed poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxyapatite (PLGA/HA) composite scaffolds modified with new fusion peptides, which can effectively promote the regeneration and repair of bone defects, were developed. 3D-printed PLGA/HA composite scaffolds with appropriate HA contents were prepared and had appropriate mechanical properties. In addition, the surface of the 3D-printed PLGA/HA composite scaffold was modified with new fusion peptides to provide osteogenic, antimicrobial, and angiogenesis-promoting effects. In vitro experiments showed that the fusion peptide-modified scaffolds had good biocompatibility and a certain degree of antibacterial activity. Moreover, the fusion peptide-modified scaffolds significantly improved the migration ability of BMSCs and Ea.hy926 cells, promoted the expression of osteogenesis-related factors (BMP2, RUNX2, ALP, OPN) in BMSCs, and promoted the expression of angiogenesis-related factors (VEGF and HIF-1α) in Ea.hy926 cells. In vivo experiments showed that the fusion peptide-modified scaffolds had good osteogenic ability. This study reveals considerable application potential for bone defect repair and provides a new option of scaffold material for BTE.

Abstract The increasing penetration of renewable energy and the further coupling of the electricity and carbon markets have hindered the realization of efficient and low‐carbon transformation processes in new power systems. This study addresses the optimization problems of joint peer‐to‐peer (P2P) electricity and carbon trading in multi‐energy microgrids (MEMGs), taking into account the risks associated with renewable generation in a distributed manner. First, a coordinated operation model is developed to describe the joint P2P electricity and carbon trading issues among MEMGs, aiming to minimize operating costs, mitigate potential risk losses, and reduce renewable energy wastage. Second, the conditional value‐at‐risk technique, paired with stochastic programming, is employed to quantify potential risk losses arising from uncertainties. Finally, a distributed optimization approach is developed based on the alternating direction method of multipliers to maintain the privacy and independence of decision‐making in individual MEMGs. During the trading processes, the Lagrangian multipliers are used as price signals to ensure fairness in optimal trading schemes among MEMGs. Moreover, a parallel solution mechanism is implemented to improve overall operational efficiency with minimal calculation expenditure. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can reduce operation costs and carbon emissions while also preventing a significant amount of renewable energy abandonment.

Abstract Our sense of hearing is mediated by cochlear hair cells, of which there are two types organized in one row of inner hair cells and three rows of outer hair cells. Each cochlea contains 5–15 thousand terminally differentiated hair cells, and their survival is essential for hearing as they do not regenerate after insult. It is often desirable in hearing research to quantify the number of hair cells within cochlear samples, in both pathological conditions, and in response to treatment. Machine learning can be used to automate the quantification process but requires a vast and diverse dataset for effective training. In this study, we present a large collection of annotated cochlear hair-cell datasets, labeled with commonly used hair-cell markers and imaged using various fluorescence microscopy techniques. The collection includes samples from mouse, rat, guinea pig, pig, primate, and human cochlear tissue, from normal conditions and following in-vivo and in-vitro ototoxic drug application. The dataset includes over 107,000 hair cells which have been identified and annotated as either inner or outer hair cells. This dataset is the result of a collaborative effort from multiple laboratories and has been carefully curated to represent a variety of imaging techniques. With suggested usage parameters and a well-described annotation procedure, this collection can facilitate the development of generalizable cochlear hair-cell detection models or serve as a starting point for fine-tuning models for other analysis tasks. By providing this dataset, we aim to give other hearing research groups the opportunity to develop their own tools with which to analyze cochlear imaging data more fully, accurately, and with greater ease.

Abstract Background College students, considered to be the driving force of society, are highly vulnerable to COVID-19. At a time when facing a new pandemic wave in 2022, China’s policy was in contrast with that of Korea. We investigated the phobia levels of international Chinese college students studying in Korea. Objective This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the frequency of use and trust of information sources, and COVID-19 phobia (C19P) among Chinese college students studying in Korea before ending related restrictions. Methods This study employed a cross-sectional design, conducting an online survey among Chinese college students studying in Korea from April 8–15, 2022 (before Korea ended the limitations due to COVID-19). Data about 319 respondents were analyzed, including socio-demographics, information variables, knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP), and C19P. Hierarchical regression analysis with different models was used to examine the relationship between information trust, KAP, and C19P. Results Results showed that students performed well in knowledge and preventive practices, had diverse sources of getting information related to COVID-19, and highly depended on the internet and news. Students who perceived a higher severity of infection showed higher levels of COVID-19 phobia. The tendency to wear masks with family/friends, avoid crowded places, and not agree with Korean government mitigation policies reported higher levels of COVID-19 phobia. Conclusions More authority and proactive communication strategies, such as consultations or education programs, are needed for international students to alleviate their phobias and psychological stress.

AbstractPseudanthias pascalus (Jordan & Tanaka, 1927) (Perciformes: Serranidae) is a species of brightly colored saltwater fish found in tropical coastal reef communities. In this study, we reported the sequence of mitochondrial DNA from P. pascalus. The accession number is OP611422. The complete mitochondrial genome of P. pascalus was 16,863 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 12S and 16S rRNAs, 22 tRNA genes, and one displacement loop (D-loop). Most PCGs had ATG-start codons and TAA-end codons. The A + T contents were 54.61%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that P. pascalus is most closely related to Pseudanthias huchtii. We sequenced the entire mitochondrial genome of P. pascalus, providing improved marker identification information for the classification of the family and species conservation. These data will be useful for relative ecological and phylogenetic studies.

Abstract Spindle component 25 (SPC25) is one of the four proteins that make up the nuclear division cycle 80 (NDC80) complex, the other three components being Ndc80p, Nuf2p, and spindle component 24. Deregulation of the components of this complex can lead to uncontrolled proliferation and reduced apoptosis. However, the prognostic and immunotherapeutic value of SPC25 in pan-cancer remains unclear. Data from the UCSC Xena, TIMER2.0, and TCGA were analyzed to investigate the overall differential expression of SPC25 across multiple cancer types. The survival prognosis, clinical features, and genetic changes of SPC25 were also evaluated. Finally, the relationship between SPC25 and immunotherapy response was further explored through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, tumor microenvironment, and immune cell infiltration. The transcription and protein expression of SPC25 were significantly increased in most cancer types and had prognostic value for the survival of certain cancer patients such as ACC, CESC, KIRC, KIRP, LIHC, LUAD, MESO, STAD, THYM, and UCEC. In some cancer types, SPC25 expression was also markedly correlated with the TMB, MSI, and clinical characteristics. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that SPC25 was significantly associated with immune-related pathways. In addition, it was also confirmed that the expression level of SPC25 was strongly correlated with immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint genes, immune regulatory genes, Ferroptosis-related genes, Cuproptosis-related genes, and lactate metabolism-related genes. This study comprehensively explored the potential value of SPC25 as a prognostic and immunotherapeutic marker for pan-cancer, providing new direction and evidence for cancer therapy.

Abstract Background Human adipose stromal cells-derived extracellular vesicles (haMSC-EVs) have been shown to alleviate inflammation in acute lung injury (ALI) animal models. However, there are few systemic studies on clinical-grade haMSC-EVs. Our study aimed to investigate the manufacturing, quality control (QC) and preclinical safety of clinical-grade haMSC-EVs. Methods haMSC-EVs were isolated from the conditioned medium of human adipose MSCs incubated in 2D containers. Purification was performed by PEG precipitation and differential centrifugation. Characterizations were conducted by nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Western blotting, nanoflow cytometry analysis, and the TNF-α inhibition ratio of macrophage [after stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)]. RNA-seq and proteomic analysis with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) were used to inspect the lot-to-lot consistency of the EV products. Repeated toxicity was evaluated in rats after administration using trace liquid endotracheal nebulizers for 28 days, and respiratory toxicity was evaluated 24 h after the first administration. In vivo therapeutic effects were assessed in an LPS-induced ALI/ acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) rat model. Results The quality criteria have been standardized. In a stability study, haMSC-EVs were found to remain stable after 6 months of storage at − 80°C, 3 months at − 20 °C, and 6 h at room temperature. The microRNA profile and proteome of haMSC-EVs demonstrated suitable lot-to-lot consistency, further suggesting the stability of the production processes. Intratracheally administered 1.5 × 108 particles/rat/day for four weeks elicited no significant toxicity in rats. In LPS-induced ALI/ARDS model rats, intratracheally administered haMSC-EVs alleviated lung injury, possibly by reducing the serum level of inflammatory factors. Conclusion haMSC-EVs, as an off-shelf drug, have suitable stability and lot-to-lot consistency. Intratracheally administered haMSC-EVs demonstrated excellent safety at the tested dosages in systematic preclinical toxicity studies. Intratracheally administered haMSC-EVs improved the lung function and exerted anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced ALI/ARDS model rats.

Abstract Background There are two major genetic types of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV): type 1 (EBV-1) and type 2 (EBV-2). EBV functions by manipulating gene expression in host B cells, using virus-encoded gene regulatory proteins including Epstein-Barr Nuclear Antigen 2 (EBNA2). While type 1 EBNA2 is known to interact with human transcription factors (hTFs) such as RBPJ, EBF1, and SPI1 (PU.1), type 2 EBNA2 shares only ~ 50% amino acid identity with type 1 and thus may have distinct binding partners, human genome binding locations, and functions. Results In this study, we examined genome-wide EBNA2 binding in EBV-1 and EBV-2 transformed human B cells to identify shared and unique EBNA2 interactions with the human genome, revealing thousands of type-specific EBNA2 ChIP-seq peaks. Computational predictions based on hTF motifs and subsequent ChIP-seq experiments revealed that both type 1 and 2 EBNA2 co-occupy the genome with SPI1 and AP-1 (BATF and JUNB) hTFs. However, type 1 EBNA2 showed preferential co-occupancy with EBF1, and type 2 EBNA2 preferred RBPJ. These differences in hTF co-occupancy revealed possible mechanisms underlying type-specific gene expression of known EBNA2 human target genes: MYC (shared), CXCR7 (type 1 specific), and CD21 (type 2 specific). Both type 1 and 2 EBNA2 binding events were enriched at systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and multiple sclerosis (MS) risk loci, while primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) risk loci were specifically enriched for type 2 peaks. Conclusions This study reveals extensive type-specific EBNA2 interactions with the human genome, possible differences in EBNA2 interaction partners, and a possible new role for type 2 EBNA2 in autoimmune disorders. Our results highlight the importance of considering EBV type in the control of human gene expression and disease-related investigations.

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause severe and sometimes long-standing immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Enhanced immune activation from ICI can theoretically result in osteoclast activation, bone loss and fracture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence rates of major osteoporotic fractures (MOFs) in patients with melanoma treated with ICI.Methods We conducted a before–after cohort study using a commercial healthcare claims dataset of adult patients with melanoma from the USA who received ICI therapy between 2011 and 2022. Incidence rates of MOF before and after ICI initiation were ascertained using International Classification of Diseases 9/10 diagnostic codes.Results The study cohort included 3137 patients, mean age was 68 years, of which 2010 (64%) were men. 40 (1.3%) patients had an MOF in the year before ICI initiation and 57 (1.8%) and 34 (1.8%) had an MOF in the first and second years after ICI initiation, respectively. The HR for MOF over the first year after versus the year before the first ICI dose was 1.82 (95% CI 1.24 to 2.66), and it was 1.85 (95% CI 1.12 to 2.90) over the second year. Prior fracture, older age, female sex and combination ICI therapy were associated with greater risk of MOF after ICI initiation.Conclusion Patients who receive ICI are at increased risk of MOF after receiving therapy. Given the plausible biological pathway, osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures may represent a novel irAE of ICI therapy.

Cellular senescence, a permanent halt in cell division due to stress, spurs functional and structural changes, contributing to vascular aging characterized by endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling. This process raises the risk of ischemic stroke (IS) in older individuals, with its mechanisms still not completely understood despite ongoing research efforts. In this review, we have analyzed the impact of vascular aging on increasing susceptibility and exacerbating the pathology of IS. We have emphasized the detrimental effects of endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling influenced by oxidative stress and inflammatory response on vascular aging and IS. Our goal is to aid the understanding of vascular aging and IS pathogenesis, particularly benefiting older adults with high risk of IS.

Abstract Quasi‐2D perovskite quantum wells are increasingly recognized as promising candidates for direct‐conversion X‐ray detection. However, the fabrication of oriented and uniformly thick quasi‐2D perovskite films, crucial for effective high‐energy X‐ray detection, is hindered by the inherent challenges of preferential crystallization at the gas‐liquid interface, resulting in poor film quality. In addressing this limitation, a carbonyl array‐synergized crystallization (CSC) strategy is employed for the fabrication of thick films of a quasi‐2D Ruddlesden‐Popper (RP) phase perovskite, specifically PEA2MA4Pb5I16. The CSC strategy involves incorporating two forms of carbonyls in the perovskite precursor, generating large and dense intermediates. This design reduces the nucleation rate at the gas‐liquid interface, enhances the binding energies of Pb2+ at (202) and (111) planes, and passivates ion vacancy defects. Consequently, the construction of high‐quality thick films of PEA2MA4Pb5I16 RP perovskite quantum wells is achieved and characterized by vertical orientation and a pure well‐width distribution. The corresponding PEA2MA4Pb5I16 RP perovskite X‐ray detectors exhibit multi‐dimensional advantages in performance compared to previous approaches and commercially available a‐Se detectors. This CSC strategy promotes 2D perovskites as a candidate for next‐generation large‐area flat‐panel X‐ray detection systems.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the characteristics of positional nystagmus in patients with cupulolithiasis of the posterior semicircular canal-benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (PC-BPPV-cu) to improve clinical diagnostic accuracy.MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzed 128 cases of PC-BPPV-cu and 128 cases of canalolithiasis of BPPV (PC-BPPV-ca). General data, intensity, distribution, and the correlation of positional nystagmus were compared between the two groups.ResultsCompared to the PC-BPPV-ca group, more cases from the PC-BPPV-cu group initially presented in the emergency department (P < 0.05). The most frequent positional nystagmus induced by PC-BPPV-cu was torsional-upbeat nystagmus, characterized by the upper pole of the affected eye beating toward the lower ear and vertically upward (387 cases, 59.7%). It was followed by torsional-downbeat nystagmus, characterized by the upper pole of the unaffected eye beating toward the lower ear and vertically downward (164 cases, 25.3%). The former represented posterior canal excitatory nystagmus (PC-EN), while the latter represented posterior canal inhibitory nystagmus (PC-IN). In the PC-BPPV-cu group, PC-EN was most easily caused by the Half Dix–Hallpike (HH) maneuver on the affected side, while PC-IN was most easily induced by a face-down position (FDP) on the unaffected side at approximately 45° angle (45° FDP). The vertical slow phase velocity (v-SPV) of positional nystagmus was more potent in the affected HH than in other positions with PC-EN (all P < 0.05); the v-SPV of positional nystagmus was greater in the 45° FDP than in different positions with PC-IN (all P < 0.05); the v-SPV of the affected Dix–Hallpike (DH) maneuver in the PC-BPPV-ca group was significantly greater than that of the affected HH maneuver in the PC-BPPV-cu group (P < 0.05). The a priori analysis showed that the strongest correlation with HH positional nystagmus was observed in the affected side roll test, followed by the DH maneuver.ConclusionIn the PC-BPPV-cu group, the HH maneuver most easily induced PC-EN on the affected side, and PC-IN was most easily induced by the 45° FDP. In some cases of PC-BPPV-cu, significant nystagmus was not observed to be induced in the DH position on the affected side; however, vertical rotation nystagmus was induced in the roll-test position on the affected side. In such cases, PC-BPPV-cu diagnosis should be considered, and HH and 45° FDP tests should be conducted to support the diagnosis.

In water monitoring, it is always a hot issue to exploring a method to improve the accuracy of remote sensing inversion. To this end, based on the actual investigation of the surrounding environment and water quality characteristics of the Fuyang river, this study has established five distinct water functional zones: reservoir (RS), village river (VR), industrial river (IR), artificial lake (AL), and urban river (UR), which are considered as subdivided datasets. Meanwhile, considering that lakes and reservoirs typically contain relatively stationary or slow-moving water bodies, while river channels are characterized by moving water bodies, three multi-type datasets have been constructed for comparison. These are based on the morphological and flow characteristics of different regions within the Fuyang river and include river channel (R), lake (L), and whole basin (W). Based on multi-spectral images of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and measured water quality data, ten types of inversion models were to invert six kinds of water quality parameters, and compare and analyze the performance of the optimal inversion model of the corresponding data sets. The results show that the multivariate regression model is superior to the univariate regression model, and the mean coefficient of determination (R2) of the subdivided data set is 0.936, and the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) appear decrease in different degrees compared with the W with 3.573 and 2.662, respectively. The mean ratio performance to interquartile (RPIQ) of the corresponding model in UR and VR are 3.963 and 2.748, respectively. Extremely Randomized Trees (ERT) model is more suitable for the inversion of multi-type data sets lacking obvious water quality characteristics and with complex components, while Categorical Boosting (CatBoost) model is more suitable for the inversion of subdivided data sets with obvious water quality characteristics. The current method has practical guiding significance for improving the application level of water monitoring technology in ecological environment protection and urban water resources protection.

Dissecting the genetic components that contribute to the two main subphenotypes of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) strategy is important for understanding the disease. We conducted a multicenter cohort study (360 patients and 1835 controls) combined with a GWAS strategy to identify susceptibility variants associated with the following two subphenotypes of SSNS: steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome without relapse (SSNSWR, 181 patients) and steroid-dependent/frequent relapse nephrotic syndrome (SDNS/FRNS, 179 patients). The distribution of two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ANKRD36 and ALPG was significant between SSNSWR and healthy controls, and that of two SNPs in GAD1 and HLA-DQA1 was significant between SDNS/FRNS and healthy controls. Interestingly, rs1047989 in HLA-DQA1 was a candidate locus for SDNS/FRNS but not for SSNSWR. No significant SNPs were observed between SSNSWR and SDNS/FRNS. Meanwhile, chromosome 2:171713702 in GAD1 was associated with a greater steroid dose (>0.75 mg/kg/d) upon relapse to first remission in patients with SDNS/FRNS (odds ratio = 3.14; 95% confidence interval, 0.97–9.87; P = 0.034). rs117014418 in APOL4 was significantly associated with a decrease in eGFR of greater than 20% compared with the baseline in SDNS/FRNS patients (P = 0.0001). Protein–protein intersection network construction suggested that HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 function together through GSDMA. Thus, SSNSWR belongs to non-HLA region-dependent nephropathy, and the HLA-DQA/DQB region is likely strongly associated with disease relapse, especially in SDNS/FRNS. The study provides a novel approach for the GWAS strategy of SSNS and contributes to our understanding of the pathological mechanisms of SSNSWR and SDNS/FRNS.

IntroductionVariability in microbial residues within soil aggregates are becoming progressively essential to the nutritive and sustainability of soils, and are therefore broadly regarded as an indispensable part of soil organic matter. It is unexplored how the widespread implementation of microbial fertilisers in agricultural production impacts soil organic nutrients, in particular the microbial residue fraction.MethodsWe performed a three-year field experiment to verify the distinct impacts of microbial and organic fertilizers on carbon accumulation in soil microbial leftovers among aggregate fractions.ResultsMicrobial residual carbon was shown to decrease insignificantly during the application of microbial fertilizer and to rise marginally afterwards with the utilization of organic fertilizer. However, the combined effects of the two fertilizers had substantial impacts on the accumulation of microbial residual carbon. Changes in the structure of the fungi and bacteria shown in this study have implications for the short-term potential of microbial fertilizer shortages to permanent soil carbon sequestration. Additionally, our findings revealed variations in microbial residue accumulation across the microbial fertilizers, with Azotobacter chroococcum fertilizer being preferable to Bacillus mucilaginosus fertilizer due to its higher efficiency. In this scenario of nutrient addition, fungal residues may serve as the primary binding component or focal point for the production of new microaggregates, since the quantity of SOC provided by fungal residues increased while that supplied by bacterial residues decreased.DiscussionOur findings collectively suggested that the mechanisms behind the observed bacterial and fungal MRC (microbial residue carbon) responses to microbial fertilizer or organic fertilizer in bamboo forest soils are likely to be distinct. The application of microbial fertilizers for a limited duration led to a decline soil stable carbon pool, potentially influencing the regulation of soil nutrients in such hilly bamboo forests.

Abstract Cervical cancer (CC) is a common gynecological malignancy. Despite the current screening methods have been proved effectively and significantly decreased CC morbidity and mortality, deficiencies still exist. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) approach can identify the complex and rare cell populations at single-cell resolution. By scRNA-seq, the heterogeneity of tumor microenvironment across cervical carcinogenesis has been mapped and described. Whether these alterations could be detected and applied to CC screening is unclear. Herein, we performed scRNA-seq of 56,173 cervical exfoliated cells from 15 samples, including normal cervix, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and malignancy. The present study delineated the alteration of immune and epithelial cells derived during the cervical lesion progression. A subset of lipid-associated macrophage was identified as a tumor-promoting element and could serve as a biomarker for predicting the progression of LSIL into HSIL, which was then verified by immunofluorescence. Furthermore, cell–cell communication analysis indicated the SPP1-CD44 axis might exhibit a protumor interaction between epithelial cell and macrophage. In this study, we investigated the cervical multicellular ecosystem in cervical carcinogenesis and identified potential biomarkers for early detection.

Industrial drawing recognition attains much attention for its significance in drawing image digitalization. However, traditional deep methods fail to achieve a satisfactory performance, due to their inferior feature representation ability. To address this issue, we introduce an industrial drawing recognition method based on a new neural architecture, dubbed as DrawingNet. Our network is designed based on layer-wise aggregation module and deformable convolution to extract more representational features for input drawing images. We provide an end-to-end and one-stage pipeline to train DrawingNet for an automatic drawing recognition in an anchor-free manner. A dataset with 10,000 drawings is collected to validate our method. We introduce a data enhancement method, by cutting out the tower and various components in the picture, and then randomly paste them on the blank drawing, each paste can produce different combinations. Experimental results show that our DrawingNet outperforms CenterNet in a large margin.

The root-cutting device is a key device in the mechanical harvesting equipment of Chinese cabbage. Aiming at the problems of high energy consumption of Chinese cabbage harvest cutting and low qualified rate of root cutting, a root cutting device was developed based on the physical and mechanical properties of Chinese cabbage. Plackett-Burman design, steepest ascent, and Box Behnken design were used to screen and evaluate the influencing factors of the cutting system. Analysis of variance was used to determine the degree of influence of each structural parameter on the maximum root-cutting reaction force. The optimal parameter combination of the root-cutting device is determined by integrating the Gray Wolf Optimization algorithm and radial basis function neural network model. Finally, the model performance was evaluated and compared with the original algorithm and other mainstream algorithms, and the optimized root-cutting device was installed on a test prototype for field trials. The experimental results showed that the key factors affecting the maximum root cutting reaction force were cutter speed, walking speed, and cutting pitch angle, and the optimal parameter combinations had values of 202 r/min, 0.28 m/s, and 12°. Compared with other mainstream models, the RBFNN-GWO model outperforms other models in terms of prediction accuracy, convergence speed, and loss error value. The average productivity of the harvester under the optimal parameter combination was 0.13 hm2/h, and the qualified rate of root cutting was 93.16%, which meets the requirements of mechanized harvesting of Chinese cabbage, and provides a theoretical basis for the realization of high-efficiency and low-loss harvesting of Chinese cabbage.

The topology and line parameters of low-voltage transformer area are often difficult to obtain, and distributed photovoltaic (PV) access makes the distribution grid’s power flow characteristic changes, which leads to high difficulty in recognizing line loss anomalies in transformer areas. To address the above problems, a method for perceiving line loss anomaly in PV transformer area called MIC-IF is proposed. Based on this algorithm, the feature vectors of each transformer area are constructed by combining several operation indicators and line loss rate, and it is considered that the outlier vectors correspond to the transformer areas with abnormal operation states. After completing the judgment of the cause of anomalies, PV energy theft detection is carried out for areas in which the PV power generation is anomalous based on RUSBoost algorithm. Finally, the results of analysis are summarized and the conclusion on anomaly perception is obtained. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified based on data from 20 simulation transformer areas, and the results show that the accuracy and F1-socre of MIC-IF reach 0.95 and 0.89, respectively, and are higher than the comparison algorithm. The detection framework takes into account the PV access and does not rely on line parameters, with high interpretability and accuracy, providing a certain reference for engineering applications.