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Objectives: To explore the content and timing of verbal interaction between telephone nurses and callers, and to suggest areas for improvement. Methods: Transcribed telephone conversations (n = 30) to a national nurse-led advisory service were analyzed using deductive content analysis. Categorization of data was based on components of interaction in the Interaction Model of Client Heath Behavior (IMCHB): health information, affective support, decisional control, and professional-technical competencies. The content was described both quantitatively, based on word count, and qualitatively, using descriptions and exemplars. Transcripts were also coded according to five phases in the conversation process: opening, listening, analyzing, motivating, and ending. The distribution of interaction components among phases was explored. Results: Interaction primarily focused on health information, particularly during the listening and analyzing phases. Telenurses based their advice on medical facts and guided callers through the conversation process. Callers' emotions and reflections on advice were rarely discussed. Conclusions: Health information dominate conversations. Interaction can be further developed, particularly with respect to acknowledging callers' emotional responses, their reactions to advice, and ensuring clarity in exchange of health information. Practice implications: Findings offer valuable guidance for future development of interaction in telenursing.

BACKGROUND: Cost-effectiveness is important in the prioritisation between interventions in health care. Exercise is cost-effective compared to usual care during oncological treatment; however, the significance of exercise intensity to the cost-effectiveness is unclear. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of the randomised controlled trial Phys-Can, a six-month exercise programme of high (HI) or low-to-moderate intensity (LMI) during (neo)adjuvant oncological treatment. METHODS: A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed, based on 189 participants with breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer (HI: n = 99 and LMI: n = 90) from the Phys-Can RCT in Sweden. Costs were estimated from a societal perspective, and included cost of the exercise intervention, health care utilisation and productivity loss. Health outcomes were assessed as quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), using EQ-5D-5L at baseline, post intervention and 12 months after the completion of the intervention. RESULTS: At 12-month follow-up after the intervention, the total cost per participant did not differ significantly between HI (€27,314) and LMI exercise (€29,788). There was no significant difference in health outcome between the intensity groups. On average HI generated 1.190 QALYs and LMI 1.185 QALYs. The mean incremental cost-effectiveness ratio indicated that HI was cost effective compared with LMI, but the uncertainty was large. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that HI and LMI exercise have similar costs and effects during oncological treatment. Hence, based on cost-effectiveness, we suggest that decision makers and clinicians can consider implementing both HI and LMI exercise programmes and recommend either intensity to the patients with cancer during oncological treatment to facilitate improvement of health.

Purpose:While moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) is associated with various health improvements shortly after completion of exercise interventions, it remains unclear which health benefits can be expected when MVPA levels are maintained in the long term in cancer survivors. We aimed to assess the associations of (1) MVPA level at 12-month follow-up and (2) long-term MVPA patterns (from immediately post-intervention to 12-month follow-up) with different cancer-related health outcomes. Methods:In the Physical training and Cancer (Phys-Can) RCT, 577 participants diagnosed with breast (78%), prostate (19%), or colorectal (3%) cancer were randomized to 6 months of exercise during curative cancer treatment. Accelerometer-assessed physical activity and outcome data (ie, cancer-related fatigue, health-related quality of life [HRQoL], anxiety and depression, functioning in daily life, cardiorespiratory fitness, sedentary time and sleep) were collected immediately post-intervention and at 12-month follow-up. Based on the samples median of MVPA immediately post-intervention (65 minutes/day) and the changes between the 2 measurement points, 4 categories with different long-term MVPA patterns were created: High & Increasing, High & Decreasing, Low & Increasing, and Low & Decreasing. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed for the analyses. Results:A total of 353 participants were included in the analyses. At 12-month follow-up, a higher MVPA level was significantly associated with lower fatigue in 3 domains (general fatigue [& beta; = -.33], physical fatigue [& beta; = -.53] and reduced activity [& beta; = -.37]), higher cardiorespiratory fitness (& beta; = .34) and less sedentary time (& beta; = -.35). For long-term MVPA patterns, compared to the participants in the "Low & Decreasing" category, those in the "High & Increasing" category reported significantly lower fatigue in 3 domains (general fatigue [

BackgroundEnterocutaneous fistula is a rare but complex and serious condition that is both physically and psychologically demanding for the person affected. Infection, fistula dressing problems, electrolyte and fluid imbalance and malnutrition render the individual in need of long periods of in-hospital care and homecare. This place great demands on patients, families, and healthcare professionals. More research is needed to bridge the gap between hospital and home-based healthcare services. AimTo explore healthcare professionals experiences of providing care for patients with enterocutaneous fistula in hospital and in homecare. Material and methodsA qualitative descriptive study design based on five focus group interviews involving 20 healthcare professionals. Data was analysed using content analysis. ResultsThree categories with seven corresponding subcategories were developed; 1) Providing care for patients with enterocutaneous fistula in the hospital and at home was complex and time and resource consuming. Participants were struggling with practical issues and lacked disease-specific knowledge and skills; 2) Caring requires an integrated approach but it was challenging to work interprofessionally and cope with barriers in collaboration between providers; 3) Building long lasting relationships with patients and their families was fundamental to the caring process. Participants needed to hide their own feelings related to smell and appearance of the fistula as well as frustration when the fistula dressing did not hold without leaking. The healthcare professionals expressed that the involvement of the patient and their close family was important when proving care, likewise, to have a great understanding of the patients suffering. DiscussionThe care of patients with enterocutaneous fistula is complex and means engagement for long periods, both in hospital and in home-based healthcare. Regular team meetings of the multidisciplinary team, careful planning before disch

Aims and objectives The aim of this study was to explore caller satisfaction with interaction, and the association to overall satisfaction with calls. Background In the era of expanding healthcare at distance, the telephone remains a common tool for the provision of nursing care. Interaction between telenurse and caller in telenursing is vital for safety, satisfaction and adherence reasons. Few studies have quantitatively explored interaction in calls and how it relates to overall satisfaction with calls. Design Cross-sectional survey study with a deductive approach. Methods A total of 466 callers to the Swedish Medical Advisory Service completed the Telenursing Interaction and Satisfaction Questionnaire. Satisfaction with four theoretically defined components of interaction were compared using repeated measures ANOVA. Associations between satisfaction with interaction and overall satisfaction with calls were evaluated with ordinal logistic regression models with and without adjustment for age, sex, health status, waiting time, time for call, main result of the call and expectations. The study followed the STROBE checklist. Results Callers were most satisfied with affective support, followed by professional-technical competence, health information and decisional control-in that order. A summated score of satisfaction with interaction was positively and significantly associated with overall satisfaction with calls before and after adjustment for waiting time, main result of call and variables related to the individual caller. Conclusions Caller satisfaction with interaction is generally high but can be improved, especially regarding decisional control. Satisfaction with interaction is important for overall satisfaction with calls. Relevance to clinical practice This study provides support for professionals at all levels in telenursing organisations to pay attention to interactional matters. The development of best practice for telenurses needs to consider all four co, Funding Agencies|Forskningsradet i Sydostra Sverige [FORSS-847311, FORSS-930659]; Region Ostergotland [LIO-925191, LIO-938203]

Aims and Objectives Interaction between caller and telenurse in telenursing is important for caller satisfaction and subsequent compliance. Despite this, satisfaction measures with focus on interaction in telenursing are scarce and rarely anchored in nursing theory. The aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Telenursing Interaction and Satisfaction Scale (TISS) with focus on data quality, factor structure, convergent validity, and reliability.Methodological Design and Justification This psychometric study was based on cross-sectional data.Research Methods, Instruments, and/or Interventions Callers to the National Medical Advisory Service in Sweden (n = 616) completed the 60-item Telenursing Interaction and Satisfaction Questionnaire based on Coxs Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior. Twenty-five of these items were selected to form the TISS in four subscales according to the model. Data quality was evaluated in terms of missing data patterns and score distributions. The factor structure was evaluated with confirmatory factor analysis for ordinal data, convergent validity with Spearman correlations, internal consistency with ordinal alpha, scale reliability with composite reliability coefficients, and test-retest reliability with intraclass correlations.Results The amount of missing data was acceptable and equally distributed. Data deviated significantly from a normal distribution. All response options were endorsed. The factor analysis confirmed the hypothesised four-factor structure; factor loadings ranged from 0.56 to 0.97 and factor correlations were high (0.88-0.96). Internal consistency (ordinal alpha = 0.82-0.97), scale reliability (0.88-0.99), and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.77-0.86) were satisfactory for all scales.Study Limitations The study design did not allow drop-out analysis.Conclusions The TISS showed satisfactory psychometric properties in the study sample. It provides a measure that enables quantitative measurement of cal, Funding Agencies|Forskningsradet i Sydostra Sverige [FORSS-847311, FORSS-930659]; Region Ostergotland [RO LiO-925191, RO LiO-938203]

Aims and Objectives Illuminate meanings of living with [or close to someone with] an enterocutaneous fistula before and after reconstructive surgery. Background Enterocutaneous fistula is a serious condition affecting the well-being and social life of both patients and families, sometimes for several years. Design A longitudinal qualitative design. Methods Patients and families (n = 14) were followed with dyadic interviews at three occasions, conducted 2017-2020. The interviews were analysed with a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach. COREQ guidelines were followed. Result Living with an enterocutaneous fistula was explained as life being put on hold, while living in a bubble for an uncertain time. This bubble meant facing an unpredictable and restricted life where the dyads were forced to take control over the situation despite being vulnerable inside, striving to resume normality. The patients dealt with never-ending symptoms such as leakage from the fistula, pain and fatigue, while the family supported with practical matters and just being close. Dependency on intravenous fluids resulted in social isolation, which caused mode swings and depressiveness. In this situation, healthcare professionals often became a substitute for other interactions, but the lack of understanding about the dyads situation, affected their trust in the healthcare. Despite all, they still had belief in the future, the patients having higher expectations than the family. Conclusions Living with an enterocutaneous fistula meant a daily life struggling with many limitations. This implies that the transition was associated with difficulties and the dyads strived to accept their situation. Relevance to Clinical Practice The findings indicate that these patients must be cared for with a multidisciplinary approach. A person-centred health plan could impact on the dyads feeling of control and thereby making them less dependent on healthcare. Every patient should have their own contact nurse and, Funding Agencies|Forskningsradet i Sydostra Sverige; Region Ostergotland

Background Exercise during oncological treatment is beneficial to patient health and can counteract the side effects of treatment. Knowledge of the societal costs associated with an exercise intervention, however, is limited. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the long-term resource utilisation and societal costs of an exercise intervention conducted during (neo)adjuvant oncological treatment in a randomised control trial (RCT) versus usual care (UC), and to compare high-intensity (HI) versus low-to-moderate intensity (LMI) exercise in the RCT. Methods We used data from the Physical Training and Cancer (Phys-Can) project. In the RCT, 577 participants were randomised to HI or to LMI of combined endurance and resistance training for 6 months, during oncological treatment. The project also included 89 participants with UC in a longitudinal observational study. We measured at baseline and after 18 months. Resource utilisation and costs of the exercise intervention, health care, and productivity loss were compared using analyses of covariance (RCT vs. UC) and t test (HI vs. LMI). Results Complete data were available for 619 participants (RCT HI: n = 269, LMI: n = 265, and UC: n = 85). We found no difference in total societal costs between the exercise intervention groups in the RCT and UC. However, participants in the RCT had lower rates of disability pension days (p < .001), corresponding costs (p = .001), and pharmacy costs (p = .018) than the UC group. Nor did we find differences in resource utilisation or costs between HI and LMI exercise int the RCT. Conclusion Our study showed no difference in total societal costs between the comprehensive exercise intervention and UC or between the exercise intensities. This suggests that exercise, with its well-documented health benefits during oncological treatment, produces neither additional costs nor savings., Funding Agencies|Swedish Cancer Society; Swedish Research Council; Region Ostergotland, Sweden

Exercise during cancer treatment improves cancer-related fatigue (CRF), but the importance of exercise intensity for CRF is unclear. We compared the effects of high- vs low-to-moderate-intensity exercise with or without additional behavior change support (BCS) on CRF in patients undergoing (neo-)adjuvant cancer treatment. This was a multicenter, 2x2 factorial design randomized controlled trial (Clinical Trials NCT02473003) in Sweden. Participants recently diagnosed with breast (n = 457), prostate (n = 97) or colorectal (n = 23) cancer undergoing (neo-)adjuvant treatment were randomized to high intensity (n = 144), low-to-moderate intensity (n = 144), high intensity with BCS (n = 144) or low-to-moderate intensity with BCS (n = 145). The 6-month exercise intervention included supervised resistance training and home-based endurance training. CRF was assessed by Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI, five subscales score range 4-20), and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue scale (FACIT-F, score range 0-52). Multiple linear regression for main factorial effects was performed according to intention-to-treat, with post-intervention CRF as primary endpoint. Overall, 577 participants (mean age 58.7 years) were randomized. Participants randomized to high- vs low-to-moderate-intensity exercise had lower physical fatigue (MFI Physical Fatigue subscale; mean difference -1.05 [95% CI: -1.85, -0.25]), but the difference was not clinically important (ie <2). We found no differences in other CRF dimensions and no effect of additional BCS. There were few minor adverse events. For CRF, patients undergoing (neo-)adjuvant treatment for breast, prostate or colorectal cancer can safely exercise at high- or low-to-moderate intensity, according to their own preferences. Additional BCS does not provide extra benefit for CRF in supervised, well-controlled exercise interventions., Funding Agencies|Swedish Cancer SocietySwedish Cancer Society [150841, 160483]; Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Research CouncilEuropean Commission [KDB/9514]; Nordic Cancer Union (2015); Oncology Department Foundations Research Fund in Uppsala (2016, 2017)

Objective In the present study, we aimed to assess sense of coherence (SOC) and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) during and after adjuvant chemotherapy by mobile phone‐based reporting in patients with colorectal cancer experiencing neurotoxicity. Methods In this prospective descriptive cohort study, a mobile phone‐based system was used to receive a series of real‐time longitudinal patient‐reported assessments of SOC (13‐item), HRQOL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐General (FACT‐G) 27‐item), and neurotoxicity (OANQ 29‐item) from 43 patients with colorectal cancer after being treated with chemotherapy including oxaliplatin. Measurements were conducted during the whole treatment period (mean 5 cycles) and up to 12 months after completing chemotherapy. Results In total, 817 questionnaire responses (226 SOC, 221 FACT‐G, 370 OANQ) answered during and after chemotherapy treatment were available for analysis. Even though all patients experienced neurotoxicity during the treatment period, HRQOL was stable over time. Over time, the ratings of physical wellbeing tended to increase, while the subscale of social wellbeing tended to decrease. Overall SOC, including the three components comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness was stable during the entire study period. No internal data was missing due to the mobile phone‐based system. Conclusions All patients had neurotoxicity during the treatment period that seemed to affect the social wellbeing component of HRQOL, but SOC seemed unaffected. Real‐time patient‐reported assessment using mobile phone technology could be valuable in the clinical setting to provide continuous individualised monitoring to help identify patients who need further evaluation to maintain or improve their psychosocial health.

Background Nausea seems underreported during pelvic radiotherapy. Objective The aims of this study were to investigate if a 5-week recall measure of nausea covering the entire radiotherapy period was comparable with accumulated daily nausea measurements and to investigate if the measuring method affected potential difference in quality of life (QoL) between nauseated patients and patients free from nausea. Methods This longitudinal methodology study covered 200 patients (mean age, 64 years; 84% women; 69% had gynecological cancer). The patients graded QoL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General). They registered nausea daily and at a 5-week recall at the end of radiotherapy. Results The nausea-intensity category scale and visual analog scale correlated well (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.622). According to the 5-week recall, 57 of 157 answering patients (36%) experienced nausea during the radiotherapy period. Using the daily nausea measurements, 94 of 157 patients (60%) experienced nausea (relative risk, 1.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.29-2.10). Of these 94 nauseated patients, 39 (42%) did not report nausea using the 5-week recall. The nauseated patients experienced worse QoL (physical/functional subscores) than patients free from nausea whether nausea was registered daily or at the 5-week recall. Conclusions Almost half, 42%, of the patients who experienced nausea according to daily nausea measurements did not report having had nausea according to the 5-week recall. Nauseated patients graded worse QoL than patients who were free from nausea. Implications for Practice Nursing professionals should measure nausea repeatedly to identify patients at risk of nausea and worsened QoL, to be able to deliver evidence-based antiemetic treatment strategies.

Background Caller satisfaction with telephone advice nursing (TAN) is generally high, and the interaction is essential. However, a valid questionnaire exploring caller satisfaction in TAN with focus on perceived interaction is lacking. Objective To develop and assess content validity and test-retest reliability of a theoretically anchored questionnaire, the Telenursing Interaction and Satisfaction Questionnaire (TISQ), that explores caller satisfaction in TAN by focusing on perceived interaction between the caller and the telenurse. Methods The study was performed in three stages. First, variables relevant for patient satisfaction in health care were identified through a literature search. Variables were then structured according to the Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior (IMCHB), which provided theoretical guidance. Items relevant for a TAN context were developed through consensus discussions. Then, evaluation and refinement were performed through cognitive interviews with callers and expert ratings of the Content Validity Index (CVI). Finally, test-retest reliability of items was evaluated in a sample of 109 individuals using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Results The TISQ consists of 60 items. Twenty items cover perceived interaction in terms of health information, affective support, decisional control and professional/technical competence. Five items cover satisfaction with interaction and five items overall satisfaction. Remaining items reflect singularity of the caller and descriptive items of the call. The TISQ was found to exhibit good content validity, and test-retest reliability was moderate to good (ICC = 0.39-0.84). Conclusions The items in the TISQ form a comprehensive and theoretically anchored questionnaire with satisfactory content validity and test-retest reliability., Funding Agencies|Ostergotland County Council; Medical Research Council of Southeast Sweden