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Abstract Background Emergency departments globally are overburdened, and emergency medicine residency is losing popularity among students and physicians. This raises concerns about the collapse of a life-saving system. Our goal was to identify the key workforce reasoning and question medical staff employment behavior. Methods This was a prospective cross-sectional study. In December 2022, medical students and pre-residency doctors in Slovenia were invited to complete a web-based questionnaire. The data were analyzed using T-test, chi-square test, Mann‒Whitney-Wilcoxon tests, and principal component analysis. Open-ended questions were hand-categorized. Results There were 686 participatns who clicked on the first page and 436 of those finished the survey. 4% of participants gave a clear positive response, while 11% responded positively regarding their decision to pursue emergency medicine residency. The popularity of emergency medicine decreases significantly among recent medical school graduates upon their initial employment. People who choose emergency medicine are less concerned about its complexity and pressure compared to others. Most respondents preferred 12-hour shift lengths. The preferred base salary range for residents was I$ 3623–4529, and for specialists, it was I$ 5435–6341. The sample’s primary personal priorities are achieving a satisfactory work-life balance, earning respect from colleagues, and engaging in academic activities. Factors that attract individuals to choose emergency medicine include high hourly wages, establishment of standards and norms, and reduced working hours. Conclusions Our findings indicate that enhancing compensation, establishing achievable standards and norms, facilitating a beneficial work-life equilibrium, providing assistance with initial property acquisition, stimulating participation in deficit residency programs, fostering collegiality among peers, restricting the duration of shifts, and enabling pension accrual may be imperative in attracting more individuals to pursue emergency medicine residency.

While inadequate relationships in the workplace pose a significant psychosocial risk, quality interpersonal relationships can contribute to positive effects and prevent negative outcomes. Erskine’s model of relational needs, not yet studied in the work environment, can provide a more detailed understanding of the needs employees experience in their workplace relationships. We adapted the general Relational Needs Satisfaction Scale (RNSS) for coworker relationships and examined the factor structure of relational needs in the workplace and their connections to various work aspects. The sample comprised 273 participants, including both employees and students, in a workplace setting with coworkers. The results show that the Workplace Relational Needs Satisfaction Scale (W-RNSS) is a valid and reliable instrument (α = 0.93 for the total scale and 0.77

The aim of our study was to research the connection of the six time perspective dimensions and of balanced time perspective with personality traits and subjective well-being. Our starting point was the assumption that time perspective is closely connected to personality traits and subjective well-being. It has been theorized that so called balanced time perspective is optimal in the Western cultures. It is defined by moderately high scores on present-hedonistic and future, high scores on past-positive and low scores on past-negative and present-fatalistic, with an emphasis on individual's ability of flexible adjusting in given situations. People with balanced time perspective profile have many positive memories of the past, find enough opportunity for relaxation and pleasure in the present, and seek new challenges in the future, which gives them motivation for hard work. They are supposed to handle daily life more efficiently and to be happier than people with other time perspective profiles. Therefore we have hypothesized positive connection of balanced time perspective with positive personality traits and high scores on subjective well-being. 279 students studying different subjects at the Faculty of arts, University in Ljubljana, whose mean age was 21.2 years, participated in the study. The results reveal connections of positive time perspective dimensions (including transcendental-future) and of balanced time perspective with extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and higher level of subjective well-being, and connections of negative time perspective dimensions with neuroticism, lower level of subjective well-being and higher level of depression. It turned out that balance of time perspective is an important predictor of individual's level of satisfaction with life, and it also explains some variance in positive emotionality and depression.

In Slovenia, the adapted Freiburg Monosyllabic Word Test (FT-SI) has been used to assess the communication function in an audiology patient. To measure the speech recognition threshold (SRT), the ascending procedure that is applied in FT-SI may be very time consuming. The aim of our study was to compare several adaptive procedures with the FT-SI ascending procedure. Based on the analysis of comprehensibility and commonness of stimuli used in FT-SI, the most appropriate words were selected and used in three adaptive procedures: two variants of a descending procedure, both recommended by the ISO 8523-3 standards for measuring an SRT, and the staircase method. On a normal-hearing sample (N = 36 in test measurement and N = 24 in retest measurement), comparable SRTs were obtained with the adaptive procedures, whereas the FT-SI ascending procedure yielded slightly higher SRTs. When a selected pool of words was used in FT-SI, SRTs became more comparable to the results of the adaptive methods. The study therefore showed that the pool of words used in FT-SI should be revised. Considering relatively short administration time, satisfactory convergent validity, precision and test-retest reliability, the staircase method seems to be the best alternative to the FT-SI ascending procedure.

The objective of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Slovene version of the Self-Consciousness Scale SCS (Fenigstein, Carver, & Buss, 1975). Although the questionnaire was translated and published in Psihodiagnostika osebnosti (Lamovec, 1994), its psychometric characteristics have not been examined so far. Results on a sample of 361 students (189 men and 172 women) showed that the Slovene version of the questionnaire had factor validity and reliability comparable to those found in the English version. In general, the results supported three-factor solution proposed by the authors. However, some of the items in the subscales did not load as expected and alternative translations for two of the items are proposed.

Researchers in the field of psychology often face the situation that the statistical significance depends largely on the sample size and its statistical power. Effect size is a statistical measure that can offer some solutions for constructive research, since it can overcome the problems that are connected to the sample size. This article presents statistical significance testing we meet in psychology and the usage of smaller group of the effect size measures – measures of the standardised differences between means.

Background: This study explored how adequately the additive and mediational models could explain the relationships between personality traits and coping behavior in predicting burnout syndrome in professional soldiers of the Slovene Army. The additive model suggests that personality and coping are independent, unique contributors to maladjustment outcomes. The mediational model, on the other hand, suggests that personality factors predispose people to use particular coping strategies that tend to be less effective for adjustment. Methods: A total of 390 soldiers (87 % response rate) completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, the Ways of Coping Questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results: The structural equation modeling confirmed an adequate fit only of the additive model. As hypothesized, emotional exhaustion was positively associated with neuroticism and emotionoriented coping. Depersonalization was positively associated with psychoticism, and personal accomplishment was positively associated with extraversion and problem-oriented coping, and inversely with neuroticism and emotion-oriented coping. Conclusions: To reduce burnout in the Slovenian Army, it may be of great benefit to provide training of effective stress-coping mechanisms, and create peer support groups among soldiers. Such intervention should be especially beneficial for soldiers with a vulnerable personality structure (high neuroticism and psychoticism and low extraversion).