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6. Rate of tree carbon accumulation increases continuously with tree size

Author

Stephenson, N.L., Das, A.J., Condit, R., Russo, S.E., Baker, P.J., Beckman, N.G., Coomes, D.A., Lines, E.R., Morris, W.K., Ruger, N., Alvarez, E., Blundo, C., Bunyavejchewin, S., Chuyong, G., Davies, S.J., Duque, A., Ewango, C.N., Flores, O., Franklin, J.F., Grau, H.R., Hao, Z., Harmon, M.E., Hubbell, S.P., Kenfack, D., Lin, Y., Makana, J.-R., Malizia, A., Malizia, L.R., Pabst, R.J., Pongpattananurak, N., Su, S.-H., Sun, I-F., Tan, S., Thomas, D., van Mantgem, P.J., Wang, X., Wiser, S.K., and Zavala, M.A.

Subjects
Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry) -- Analysis -- Research, Climatic changes -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Forests are major components of the global carbon cycle, providing substantial feedback to atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations (1). Our ability to understand and predict changes in the forest carbon cycle--particularly net primary productivity and carbon storage--increasingly relies on models that represent biological processes across several scales of biological organization, from tree leaves to forest stands (2,3). Yet, despite advances in our understanding of productivity at the scales of leaves and stands, no consensus exists about the nature of productivity at the scale of the individual tree (4-7), in part because we lack a broad empirical assessment of whether rates of absolute tree mass growth (and thus carbon accumulation) decrease, remain constant, or increase as trees increase in size and age. Here we present a global analysis of 403 tropical and temperate tree species, showing that for most species mass growth rate increases continuously with tree size. Thus, large, old trees do not act simply as senescent carbon reservoirs but actively fix large amounts of carbon compared to smaller trees; at the extreme, a single big tree can add the same amount of carbon to the forest within a year as is contained in an entire mid-sized tree. The apparent paradoxes of individual tree growth increasing with tree size despite declining leaf-level (8-10) and stand-level (10) productivity can be explained, respectively, by increases in a tree's total leaf area that outpace declines in productivity per unit of leaf area and, among other factors, age-related reductions in population density. Our results resolve conflicting assumptions about the nature of tree growth, inform efforts to undertand and model forest carbon dynamics, and have additional implications for theories of resource allocation (11) and plant senescence (12)., A widely held assumption is that after an initial period of increasing growth, the mass growth rate of individual trees declines with increasing tree size (4,5,13-16). Although the results of [...]

Published
2014

11. Taking the pulse of Earth's tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots

Author

Blundo, C, Carilla, J, Grau, R, Malizia, A, Malizia, L, Osinaga-Acosta, O, Bird, M, Bradford, M, Catchpole, D, Ford, A, Graham, A, Hilbert, D, Kemp, J, Laurance, S, Laurance, W, Ishida, FY, Marshall, A, Waite, C, Woell, H, Bastin, JF, Bauters, M, Beeckman, H, Boeckx, P, Bogaert, J, De Canniere, C, de Haulleville, T, Doucet, JL, Hardy, O, Hubau, W, Kearsley, E, Verbeeck, H, Vleminckx, J, Brewer, SW, Alarcón, A, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arets, E, Arroyo, L, Chavez, E, Fredericksen, T, Villaroel, RG, Sibauty, GG, Killeen, T, Licona, JC, Lleigue, J, Mendoza, C, Murakami, S, Gutierrez, AP, Pardo, G, Peña-Claros, M, Poorter, L, Toledo, M, Cayo, JV, Viscarra, LJ, Vos, V, Ahumada, J, Almeida, E, Almeida, J, de Oliveira, EA, da Cruz, WA, de Oliveira, AA, Carvalho, FA, Obermuller, FA, Andrade, A, Vieira, SA, Aquino, AC, Aragão, L, Araújo, AC, Assis, MA, Gomes, JAMA, Baccaro, F, de Camargo, PB, Barni, P, Barroso, J, Bernacci, LC, Bordin, K, de Medeiros, MB, Broggio, I, Camargo, JL, Cardoso, D, Carniello, MA, Rochelle, ALC, Castilho, C, Castro, AAJF, Castro, W, Ribeiro, SC, Costa, F, de Oliveira, RC, Coutinho, I, Cunha, J, da Costa, L, da Costa Ferreira, L, da Costa Silva, R, da Graça Zacarias Simbine, M, de Andrade Kamimura, V, de Lima, HC, de Oliveira Melo, L, de Queiroz, L, de Sousa Lima, JR, do Espírito Santo, M, Blundo, C, Carilla, J, Grau, R, Malizia, A, Malizia, L, Osinaga-Acosta, O, Bird, M, Bradford, M, Catchpole, D, Ford, A, Graham, A, Hilbert, D, Kemp, J, Laurance, S, Laurance, W, Ishida, FY, Marshall, A, Waite, C, Woell, H, Bastin, JF, Bauters, M, Beeckman, H, Boeckx, P, Bogaert, J, De Canniere, C, de Haulleville, T, Doucet, JL, Hardy, O, Hubau, W, Kearsley, E, Verbeeck, H, Vleminckx, J, Brewer, SW, Alarcón, A, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arets, E, Arroyo, L, Chavez, E, Fredericksen, T, Villaroel, RG, Sibauty, GG, Killeen, T, Licona, JC, Lleigue, J, Mendoza, C, Murakami, S, Gutierrez, AP, Pardo, G, Peña-Claros, M, Poorter, L, Toledo, M, Cayo, JV, Viscarra, LJ, Vos, V, Ahumada, J, Almeida, E, Almeida, J, de Oliveira, EA, da Cruz, WA, de Oliveira, AA, Carvalho, FA, Obermuller, FA, Andrade, A, Vieira, SA, Aquino, AC, Aragão, L, Araújo, AC, Assis, MA, Gomes, JAMA, Baccaro, F, de Camargo, PB, Barni, P, Barroso, J, Bernacci, LC, Bordin, K, de Medeiros, MB, Broggio, I, Camargo, JL, Cardoso, D, Carniello, MA, Rochelle, ALC, Castilho, C, Castro, AAJF, Castro, W, Ribeiro, SC, Costa, F, de Oliveira, RC, Coutinho, I, Cunha, J, da Costa, L, da Costa Ferreira, L, da Costa Silva, R, da Graça Zacarias Simbine, M, de Andrade Kamimura, V, de Lima, HC, de Oliveira Melo, L, de Queiroz, L, de Sousa Lima, JR, and do Espírito Santo, M

Abstract

Tropical forests are the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. While better understanding of these forests is critical for our collective future, until quite recently efforts to measure and monitor them have been largely disconnected. Networking is essential to discover the answers to questions that transcend borders and the horizons of funding agencies. Here we show how a global community is responding to the challenges of tropical ecosystem research with diverse teams measuring forests tree-by-tree in thousands of long-term plots. We review the major scientific discoveries of this work and show how this process is changing tropical forest science. Our core approach involves linking long-term grassroots initiatives with standardized protocols and data management to generate robust scaled-up results. By connecting tropical researchers and elevating their status, our Social Research Network model recognises the key role of the data originator in scientific discovery. Conceived in 1999 with RAINFOR (South America), our permanent plot networks have been adapted to Africa (AfriTRON) and Southeast Asia (T-FORCES) and widely emulated worldwide. Now these multiple initiatives are integrated via ForestPlots.net cyber-infrastructure, linking colleagues from 54 countries across 24 plot networks. Collectively these are transforming understanding of tropical forests and their biospheric role. Together we have discovered how, where and why forest carbon and biodiversity are responding to climate change, and how they feedback on it. This long-term pan-tropical collaboration has revealed a large long-term carbon sink and its trends, as well as making clear which drivers are most important, which forest processes are affected, where they are changing, what the lags are, and the likely future responses of tropical forests as the climate continues to change. By leveraging a remarkably old technology, plot networks are sparking a very modern revolution in tropical forest sc

Published
2021

12. Taking the pulse of Earth's tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots

Author

Blundo, C., Hardy, Olivier J., Blundo, C., and Hardy, Olivier J.

Abstract

Tropical forests are the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. While better understanding of these forests is critical for our collective future, until quite recently efforts to measure and monitor them have been largely disconnected. Networking is essential to discover the answers to questions that transcend borders and the horizons of funding agencies. Here we show how a global community is responding to the challenges of tropical ecosystem research with diverse teams measuring forests tree-by-tree in thousands of long-term plots. We review the major scientific discoveries of this work and show how this process is changing tropical forest science. Our core approach involves linking long-term grassroots initiatives with standardized protocols and data management to generate robust scaled-up results. By connecting tropical researchers and elevating their status, our Social Research Network model recognises the key role of the data originator in scientific discovery. Conceived in 1999 with RAINFOR (South America), our permanent plot networks have been adapted to Africa (AfriTRON) and Southeast Asia (T-FORCES) and widely emulated worldwide. Now these multiple initiatives are integrated via ForestPlots.net cyber-infrastructure, linking colleagues from 54 countries across 24 plot networks. Collectively these are transforming understanding of tropical forests and their biospheric role. Together we have discovered how, where and why forest carbon and biodiversity are responding to climate change, and how they feedback on it. This long-term pan-tropical collaboration has revealed a large long-term carbon sink and its trends, as well as making clear which drivers are most important, which forest processes are affected, where they are changing, what the lags are, and the likely future responses of tropical forests as the climate continues to change. By leveraging a remarkably old technology, plot networks are sparking a very modern revolution in tropical forest sc, 0, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2021

23. Abstract P2-08-21: Mismatch repair protein loss is a prognostic and predictive biomarker in breast cancers regardless of microsatellite instability

Author

Fusco, N, primary, Lopez, G, additional, Corti, C, additional, Pesenti, C, additional, Colapietro, P, additional, Ercoli, G, additional, Gaudioso, G, additional, Faversani, A, additional, Gambini, D, additional, Despini, L, additional, Blundo, C, additional, Vaira, V, additional, Miozzo, M, additional, Ferrero, S, additional, and Bosari, S, additional

Published
2019
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28. On the size of monotone span programs

Author

Nikov, V.S., Nikova, S.I., Preneel, B., Blundo, C., Cimato, S., Coding Theory and Cryptology, and Discrete Mathematics

Subjects
Discrete mathematics, Parity-check matrix, Monotone polygon, Computer science, Span (engineering), Linear span, Secret sharing, Upper and lower bounds, Access structure, Dual (category theory)
Abstract

Span programs provide a linear algebraic model of computation. Monotone span programs (MSP) correspond to linear secret sharing schemes. This paper studies the properties of monotone span programs related to their size. Using the results of van Dijk (connecting codes and MSPs) and a construction for a dual monotone span program proposed by Cramer and Fehr we prove a non-trivial upper bound for the size of monotone span programs. By combining the concept of critical families with the dual monotone span program construction of Cramer and Fehr we improve the known lower bound with a constant factor, showing that the lower bound for the size of monotone span programs should be approximately twice as large. Finally, we extend the result of van Dijk showing that for any MSP there exists a dual MSP such that the corresponding codes are dual.

Published
2005
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33. Evaluación del estado de conservación de los bosques montanos en los Andes tropicales

Author

Tejedor, Natalia, Álvarez, Esteban, Arango Caro, S., Araujo Murakami, A., Blundo, C., Boza Espinoza, T. E., La Torre Cuadros, M. A., Gaviria, J., Gutíerrez, N., Jorgensen, P. M., León, B., López Camacho, R., Malizia, Lucio, Millán, B., Moraes, M., Pacheco, S., Rey Benayas, José María, Reynel, C., Timaná De La Flor, M., Ulloa Ulloa, C., Vacas Cruz, O., Newton, Adrian, and Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida. Unidad docente Ecología

Subjects
lcsh:GE1-350, Red List, Otras Ciencias Biológicas, Ecoregion, Biodiversity, Áreas protegidas, Yungas, Environmental science, Biodiversidad, Protected areas, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Especies endémicas, Ciencias Biológicas, Medio Ambiente, Amenazas, Deforestación, Ecorregión, Endemic species, Deforestation, Threats, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], lcsh:Environmental sciences, Lista Roja, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract

Los Andes tropicales constituyen una región única con una alta diversidad de hábitats, producto de complejos gradientes espaciales y ambientales. Los bosques montanos de esta región son considerados como una prioridad global de conservación, debido principalmente a su elevada riqueza biológica y de endemismos. Sin embargo su biodiversidad es de las menos conocidas de toda la región tropical, aunque se reconoce la amplia gama de servicios ambientales que prestan, incluyendo la regulación del clima regional y la captura y almacenamiento de carbono. Este artículo ofrece una perspectiva general del estado de conservación de los bosques montanos tropicales andinos y de los retos que esta implica. Asimismo, proporciona información sobre sus amenazas, identificando aquéllas que con mayor probabilidad sean responsables de aumentar el riesgo de extinción de especies. Se resalta la necesidad de disponer de más información sobre el estado de conservación de las especies para identificar las futuras prioridades de conservación en la región. La reciente iniciativa de la "Lista Roja y planeación para la conservación de especies de árboles montanos de los Andes Tropicales", formada por delegados de varios países de la región, constituirá una sólida base para el desarrollo y enfoque de políticas y respuestas de manejo dirigidas a la reducción de la deforestación y pérdida de especies en estos bosques, incluyendo acciones para promover la creación de áreas protegidas, restauración forestal y manejo forestal sostenible., The tropical Andes is a unique region with high habitat diversity, resulting from complex climatic and spatial gradients. Andean montane forests are currently a major global conservation priority owing to their high species richness and high level of endemism. Nonetheless they are considered one of the least known ecosystems in the tropics, but the breath of ecosystem services that these forests provide, including the regulation of regional climate and the capture and storage of carbon, is widely recognised. This article presents an overview of the conservation status of tropical Andean montane forests and the challenges it entails. It also provides information on threats, including the identification of those that are most likely to be responsible for increasing the extinction risk for many species. It highlights the need for acquiring more information on the conservation status of species as to identify future priorities for conservation in the region. The recent initiative "Red List and conservation planning for montane tree species of the Tropical Andes," made of delegates from several countries in the region, will provide a solid basis for developing policies and managing responses aimed at reducing deforestation and species loss in these forests, including actions to promote the creation of protected areas, forest restoration and sustainable forest management., Bournemouth University, Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Banco Santander

Published
2012

39. La coscienza

Author

Blundo, C, Cavanna, A, Cavanna A, Blundo, C, Cavanna, A, and Cavanna A

Published
2011

40. The indocyanine green method is equivalent to the 99mTc-labeled radiotracer method for identifying the sentinel node in breast cancer: A concordance and validation study

Author

Ballardini, B., primary, Santoro, L., additional, Sangalli, C., additional, Gentilini, O., additional, Renne, G., additional, Lissidini, G., additional, Pagani, G.M., additional, Toesca, A., additional, Blundo, C., additional, del Castillo, A., additional, Peradze, N., additional, Caldarella, P., additional, and Veronesi, P., additional

Published
2013
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