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Objective This study aims to develop the maternal blues scale of the antepartum period through bonding attachment, and the closeness of the mother to the fetus. Methods Design of the development items of maternal blues scale is cross-sectional. The number of research samples is 450. Results The number of statements had produced from the maternal blues scale through absolute measurements, incremental appropriateness measurements, construct validity (CR), and variant extraction (VE) were 24 items had been declared valid and reliable. The maternal blues suryani model's (MBS) scale has been grouped into two variables; internal variables (maternal roles and tasks) eight items and external (cultural, social support) 16 items. Conclusions The MBS scale through bonding attachments had been valid and reliable to predict postpartum blues.

Background: Postpartum blues in Indonesia has a high prevalence at 37% to 67%. Postpartum blues syndrome has been described as varying changes in the affective domain, such as feelings, behavior, or thoughts, that can be influenced by the roles and tasks of women, along with their social, cultural, and economic support. Instruments that measure maternal blues through bonding attachment behavior have never before been developed in Indonesia. Objective: This study aimed to develop a maternal blues scale through bonding attachments to predict postpartum blues. Method: The research design consisted of three stages: 1) phenomenology design and focus group discussion; 2) development and construction of the maternal blues scale, and 3) a cross-sectional study to measure validation of the scales. Respondents were postpartum mothers in the first week after birth. The sample comprised 501 participants. Sampling was done by consecutive sampling at the Public Health Center (PUSKESMAS) in the South Jakarta area. Data analysis used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), correlation, and a diagnostic testing . Results: Item analysis produced 32 items consisting of 24 items regarding the mother’s role and duties as internal factors and eight factors involving social, cultural, and economic support as external factors. Both factors were valid and reliable in predicting postpartum blues with indicators (t loading factors ≥ 1.96, standardized loading factor (SLF) ≥.50, internal factors: construct reliability (CR) ≥ .70 and extraction variants (VE) ≥ .50 and external factors: CR ≥ .74 to .83 VE ≥ .50 to .63). The relationship with Kennerley’s maternity blues as a gold standard was significant. Internal factors had a score of 53, with a sensitivity of 60.2%. The external factors score was 19, with a sensitivity of 77.3%. Conclusion: The new scale for postpartum blues prediction developed displayed internal consistency and validity of each indicator (internal and external factors) that was good (CR ≥ .70; VE ≥ .50). This scale provides a feasible tool to predict postpartum blues.

This commentary relates to the target paper by Cutting on the microtonal analysis of pitches in the vocal lines of fifteen blues recordings. After relating Cutting's study to Jeff Todd Titon's Early Downhome Blues, some of its merits and shortcomings are discussed. Finally, it is suggested to surpass the study of an abstract blues scale with research on blues modes, including characteristic ornamentations such as glides as well as typically employed patterns that specify certain blues songs or song types.

Today, the blues scale is familiar to most people who have studied music formally. Although there has been since 1967 a broad consensus as to what that scale is, for the first half of the twentieth...

This commentary discusses the target paper Microtonal Analysis of "Blue Notes" and the Blues Scale by Court B. Cutting. Overall, the paper is an interesting and very valuable attempt to shed light on the intonation practice of blue notes in traditional blues music, using an empirical approach which is based in modern acoustic measurements. While the approach and empirical results presented in the target paper undoubtedly have their merits, the paper nonetheless raises some methodological and conceptual questions, leading to some further thoughts that are discussed in this commentary. The issues raised in this commentary might serve as guidance for future empirical investigations into the nature and usage of blue notes.

Based on questions raised by Paul Oliver, this article argues that the blues was integral to the development of jazz rather than an external influence. The blues scale of Winthrop Sargeant and Gerhard Kubik and their relation to blues tonality are considered in relation to “Careless Love” and “Pallet on the Floor.” “I'm Alabama Bound” is also considered. This was a repertoire common to rural songsters and the emerging jazz bands of New Orleans. The 12-bar blues of piano players and the relationship between the blues of Mamie Desdunes and the “2:19 Blues” is explored, as is the role of New Orleans songsters. This essay draws on the oral history files of the Hogan Jazz Archive, Library of Congress, and the Historic New Orleans Collection. In particular the Papers of Frederic Ramsey Jr. and the interview conducted by Charles Edward Smith with Willie Cornish for Jazzmen (1939) confirm that Buddy Bolden played the 12-bar blues in the early years of the twentieth century. From this it is safe to conclude that t...

There's a standard rap we give to candidates for faculty positions in the Department of English and Humanities at Bryant College. It's the affiliation blues, and it usually happens over dinner but sometimes earlier in the process if the candidate seems either too eager or a bit edgy about the prospects of teaching at a small business-specialty college. Often, at the preliminary MLA interview, we provide a few of the basic blues bars, admittedly for the sake of enticement. We say that there's a lot one can do to build a career here: the College supports scholarly activity, it funds travel responsibly and generously, and allows unfettered academic freedom in terms of both research and teaching. I've been Chair since 1995 and have never turned down a travel request by a faculty member to present at a conference. Never. The teaching load is reasonable at 3/3 and we keep preparations to 2/2 unless the faculty member prefers otherwise. Most everyone teaches what they want to teach and on the schedules they prefer. Salaries are competitive with any university or college in the country, better than most, and so are the fringe benefits, including hardware and software, office support, sabbaticals, and summer research grants. We even pay association dues and throw in a couple of journal subscriptions. Then, once we have the candidate on campus, we follow the basic riff with a transition into the deeper blues scale. But, this is a business college and you are, when you are here, deep into the bowels of capitalism. If you think your critique of corporatism or consumerism is tinged with complicity at the University that trained you, try it here, where the largest majors are Accounting, Finance, Management, and Marketing and the administration actively and publicly seeks out corporate connections. We don't catch young minds during that rebellious state when the professional angst of the disaffected intelligentsia nurtures a lifetime of private reservation and reveries of what might have been. Our students want in and they want in right away. We're deep in the corporate mode. We train

This cross-sectional work studies the prevalence of post-partum blues on days 3 and 5 after delivery and the links between post-partum blues and depressive symptomatology, using standardised interviews and rating scales (Kennerley and Gath Blues Scale. MADRS) to screen a consecutive series of 104 women on days three and five after a normal delivery. This study stresses the possibility of a difference between the symptomatology of a benign "classical" post-partum blues, and that of a more intense blues closer to the spectrum of depressive mood disorders and perhaps post-natal depression.

Este artigo considera as conexões entre blues e bossa nova, pouco reconhecidas na literatura sobre bossa nova mas muito importantes para o desenvolvimento do estilo. Analisando as gravações do circuito samba-jazz em Copacabana nas décadas de 1950 e 1960, o artigo traz à luz uma prática de blues, tanto na estrutura de doze compassos como na utilização da escala blues como matéria de improviso, bastante comum naquela época. O artigo explica o papel de figuras-chaves como Booker Pittman, Moacir Santos e Paulo Moura na transmissão de uma influência do blues no Rio de Janeiro e os efeitos dessa influência na bossa nova. This article considers the connections between the blues and the bossa nova, which have been little recognized in the literature on bossa nova, but was of great importance for the genre's development. Through analysis of recordings made on the Copacabana samba-jazz circuit of the 1950s and '60s, this article brings to light a blues-based practice, both in the use of a twelve-bar structure and in the use of the blues scale as a basis for bossa nova improvisation. The article also explains the importance of key figures like Booker Pittman, Moacir Santos and Paulo Moura in the transmission of blues influence in Rio de Janeiro, and the effects of this influence on the subsequent development of bossa nova. Le présent article étudie les liens entre les «blues» et la «bossa nova», peu mentionnés et reconnus dans la littérature sur ce genre, mais qui ont été très importants pour le développement du style. En analysant les enregistrements du circuit samba-jazz à Copacabana au cours des années 1950 et 1960, l'article met en lumière la pratique des blues, aussi bien en ce qui touche la structure de douze mesures comme l'utilisation de la gamme des blues, en improvisation, modalité assez commune à l'époque. L'article explique le rôle de personnages-clés comme Booker Pittman, Moacir Santos et Paulo Moira dans la transmission d'une influence des blues à Rio de Janeiro, et les retombées de cette influence sur la Bossa Nova.

Some mothers find it hard to relate to their new baby, and such failure may have long-term effects on the infant. This has been a neglected area of research. A new simple 8 item self-rating mother-to-infant bonding questionnaire has been designed to assess the feelings of a mother towards her new baby. A principal components and reliability analysis demonstrated an alpha score of 0.71. One hundred and sixty two women filled in the Kennerley Blues Scale, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) the Highs Scale and the new Mother to Infant Bonding Scale on day 3 postpartum. Twelve weeks later they were sent the EPDS and the Bonding scales again. One hundred and forty four returned all questionnaires. There was a strong correlation between the Bonding scores at 3 days and at 12 weeks (r(s)=0.54 p