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133 results on '"Blouin, Nicolas A."'

3. Insights into the red algae and eukaryotic evolution from the genome of Porphyra umbilicalis (Bangiophyceae, Rhodophyta)

Author

Brawley, Susan H, Blouin, Nicolas A, Ficko-Blean, Elizabeth, Wheeler, Glen L, Lohr, Martin, Goodson, Holly V, Jenkins, Jerry W, Blaby-Haas, Crysten E, Helliwell, Katherine E, Chan, Cheong Xin, Marriage, Tara N, Bhattacharya, Debashish, Klein, Anita S, Badis, Yacine, Brodie, Juliet, Cao, Yuanyu, Collén, Jonas, Dittami, Simon M, Gachon, Claire MM, Green, Beverley R, Karpowicz, Steven J, Kim, Jay W, Kudahl, Ulrich Johan, Lin, Senjie, Michel, Gurvan, Mittag, Maria, Olson, Bradley JSC, Pangilinan, Jasmyn L, Peng, Yi, Qiu, Huan, Shu, Shengqiang, Singer, John T, Smith, Alison G, Sprecher, Brittany N, Wagner, Volker, Wang, Wenfei, Wang, Zhi-Yong, Yan, Juying, Yarish, Charles, Zäuner-Riek, Simone, Zhuang, Yunyun, Zou, Yong, Lindquist, Erika A, Grimwood, Jane, Barry, Kerrie W, Rokhsar, Daniel S, Schmutz, Jeremy, Stiller, John W, Grossman, Arthur R, and Prochnik, Simon E

Subjects
Plant Biology, Biological Sciences, Genetics, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Generic health relevance, Actins, Calcium Signaling, Cell Cycle, Cell Wall, Chromatin, Cytoskeleton, Evolution, Molecular, Genome, Plant, Kinesins, Phylogeny, Porphyra, cytoskeleton, calcium-signaling, carbohydrate-active enzymes, stress tolerance, vitamin B-12, vitamin B12, Kinesin
Abstract

Porphyra umbilicalis (laver) belongs to an ancient group of red algae (Bangiophyceae), is harvested for human food, and thrives in the harsh conditions of the upper intertidal zone. Here we present the 87.7-Mbp haploid Porphyra genome (65.8% G + C content, 13,125 gene loci) and elucidate traits that inform our understanding of the biology of red algae as one of the few multicellular eukaryotic lineages. Novel features of the Porphyra genome shared by other red algae relate to the cytoskeleton, calcium signaling, the cell cycle, and stress-tolerance mechanisms including photoprotection. Cytoskeletal motor proteins in Porphyra are restricted to a small set of kinesins that appear to be the only universal cytoskeletal motors within the red algae. Dynein motors are absent, and most red algae, including Porphyra, lack myosin. This surprisingly minimal cytoskeleton offers a potential explanation for why red algal cells and multicellular structures are more limited in size than in most multicellular lineages. Additional discoveries further relating to the stress tolerance of bangiophytes include ancestral enzymes for sulfation of the hydrophilic galactan-rich cell wall, evidence for mannan synthesis that originated before the divergence of green and red algae, and a high capacity for nutrient uptake. Our analyses provide a comprehensive understanding of the red algae, which are both commercially important and have played a major role in the evolution of other algal groups through secondary endosymbioses.

Published
2017

9. Porphyra: Complex Life Histories in a Harsh Environment: P. umbilicalis, an Intertidal Red Alga for Genomic Analysis

Author

Gantt, Elisabeth, Berg, G. Mine, Bhattacharya, Debashish, Blouin, Nicolas A., Brodie, Juliet A., Chan, Cheong Xin, Collén, Jonas, Cunningham, Francis X., Jr, Gross, Jeferson, Grossman, Arthur R., Karpowicz, Steven, Kitade, Yukihiro, Klein, Anita S., Levine, Ira A., Lin, Senjie, Lu, Shan, Lynch, Michael, Minocha, Subhash C., Müller, Kirsten, Neefus, Christopher D., de Oliveira, Mariana Cabral, Rymarquis, Linda, Smith, Alison, Stiller, John W., Wu, Wen-Kai, Yarish, Charles, Zhuang, Yun, Brawley, Susan H., Seckbach, Joseph, editor, and Chapman, David J., editor

Published
2010
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13. Cyanophora paradoxa Genome Elucidates Origin of Photosynthesis in Algae and Plants

Author

Price, Dana C., Chan, Cheong Xin, Yoon, Hwan Su, Yang, Eun Chan, Qiu, Huan, Weber, Andreas P. M., Schwacke, Rainer, Gross, Jeferson, Blouin, Nicolas A., Lane, Chris, Reyes-Prieto, Adrián, Durnford, Dion G., Neilson, Jonathan A. D., Lang, B. Franz, Burger, Gertraud, Steiner, Jürgen M., Löffelhardt, Wolfgang, Meuser, Jonathan E., Posewitz, Matthew C., Ball, Steven, Arias, Maria Cecilia, Henrissat, Bernard, Coutinho, Pedro M., Rensing, Stefan A., Symeonidi, Aikaterini, Doddapaneni, Harshavardhan, Green, Beverley R., Rajah, Veeran D., Boore, Jeffrey, and Bhattacharya, Debashish

Published
2012
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17. Optical and photophysical properties of indolocarbazole derivatives

Author

Belletete, Michel, Blouin, Nicolas, Boudreault, Pierre-Luc T., Leclerc, Mario, and Durocher, Gilles

Subjects
Indole -- Optical properties, Indole -- Chemical properties, Azo compounds -- Chemical properties, Azo compounds -- Optical properties, Chemicals, plastics and rubber industries
Abstract

The optical and physical properties of five ladder indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles, M1,M2,M3, M4 and M5 were studied. It was found that the side chains were twisted in the equilibrium geometry of the molecules, with relatively high rotational energy barriers against planarity and in their lowest states, the five compounds investigated become more quinoid like.

Published
2006

24. Poly(2,7-carbazole)s: structure-property relationships

Author

Blouin, Nicolas and Leclerc, Mario

Subjects
Azo compounds -- Structure, Azo compounds -- Chemical properties, Light-emitting diodes -- Composition, Chemistry, Science and technology
Abstract

Several studies are conducted to explain the synthesis, structure and the properties of well-defined Poly(2,7-carbazole)s and its derivatives. These polymers are shown to be widely used in various applications, including the light-emitting diodes, transistors and photovoltaic cell.

Published
2008

25. Toward a rational design of poly(2,7-carbazole) derivatives for solar cells

Author

Blouin, Nicolas, Michaud, Alexandre, Gendron, David, Wakim, Salem, Blair, Emily, Neagu-Plesu, Rodica, Belletete, Michel, Durocher, Gilles, Ye Tao, and Leclerc, Mario

Subjects
Solar batteries -- Design and construction, Solar cells -- Design and construction, Polymers -- Structure, Density functionals -- Usage, Chemistry
Abstract

Many alternating polymeric structures are examined for developing optimized poly(2,7-carbazole) derivatives for solar cell applications. The studies have disclosed that the alternating copolymer HOMO energy level is mainly fixed by the carbazole moiety, whereas the LUMO energy level is related to the nature of the electron-withdrawing comonomer.

Published
2008

26. Synthesis, characterization, and application of indolo[3,2-b]carbazole semiconductors

Author

Boudreault, Pierre-Luc T., Wakim, Salem, Simard, Michel, Blouin, Nicolas, Tessier, Christian, Ye Tao, and Leclerc, Mario

Subjects
Chemical synthesis -- Analysis, Field-effect transistors -- Analysis, Chemistry
Abstract

The synthesis, characterization, and field-effect transistor (FET) properties of new indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles are described. Best result are obtained with phenyl-substituted indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles since the presence of phenyl substituents seems to allow efficient overlap between the oligomeric molecules.

Published
2007

30. Solar Trees: First Large-Scale Demonstration of Fully Solution Coated, Semitransparent, Flexible Organic Photovoltaic Modules

Author

Berny, Stephane, primary, Blouin, Nicolas, additional, Distler, Andreas, additional, Egelhaaf, Hans-Joachim, additional, Krompiec, Michal, additional, Lohr, Andreas, additional, Lozman, Owen R., additional, Morse, Graham E., additional, Nanson, Lana, additional, Pron, Agnieszka, additional, Sauermann, Tobias, additional, Seidler, Nico, additional, Tierney, Steve, additional, Tiwana, Priti, additional, Wagner, Michael, additional, and Wilson, Henry, additional

Published
2015
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32. Effect of nanocrystalline domains in photovoltaic devices with benzodithiophene-based donor-acceptor copolymers

Author

Menelaou, Christopher, Tierney, Steve, Blouin, Nicolas, Mitchell, William, Tiwana, Priti, McKerracher, Ian, Jagadish, Chennupati, Carrasco, Miguel, Herz, Laura, Menelaou, Christopher, Tierney, Steve, Blouin, Nicolas, Mitchell, William, Tiwana, Priti, McKerracher, Ian, Jagadish, Chennupati, Carrasco, Miguel, and Herz, Laura

Abstract

We have investigated the effects of thin-film morphology on the photovolatic performance for a series of donor-acceptor copolymers based on benzodithiophene donor and benzothiadiazole acceptor units. Photovoltaic devices incorporating polymer:fullerene blends show highest efficiencies (up to 6%) for those polymers exhibiting the least degree of crystallinity in X-ray diffraction patterns and a corresponding lowest surface roughness in thin films. We find that the existence of such crystalline domains in thin polymer films correlates well with spectral signatures of polymer chain aggregates already present in solution prior to casting of the film. Polymer solubility and casting conditions therefore appear to be crucial factors for enhancing efficiencies of photovoltaic devices based on such donor-acceptor copolymers. To examine why the presence of crystallite domains lowers device efficiencies, we measured exciton diffusion lengths by modeling the time-dependent photoluminescence from thin polymer films deposited on an exciton quencher layer of TiO2. We find that exciton diffusion lengths in these materials are substantial (4-7.5 nm) and show some variation with polymer crystallinity. However, ultrafast (1 ps) quenching of the polymer emission from polymer:PCBM blends indicates that the vast majority of excitons rapidly reach the charge-dissociating interface, and hence exciton diffusion does not represent a limiting factor. We therefore conclude that the subsequent charge extraction and lifetimes must be adversely affected by the presence of crystalline domains. We suggest that the formed crystallites are too small to offer significant enhancements in long-range charge carrier mobility but instead introduce domain boundaries which impede charge extraction. For this class of materials, polymer designs are therefore required that target high solubility and chain entropy, leading to amorphous film formation.

Published
2014

35. Influence of doping on charge carrier collection in normal and inverted geometry polymer:fullerene solar cells

Author

Dibb, George F. A., primary, Muth, Mathis-Andreas, additional, Kirchartz, Thomas, additional, Engmann, Sebastian, additional, Hoppe, Harald, additional, Gobsch, Gerhard, additional, Thelakkat, Mukundan, additional, Blouin, Nicolas, additional, Tierney, Steve, additional, Carrasco-Orozco, Miguel, additional, Durrant, James R., additional, and Nelson, Jenny, additional

Published
2013
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37. Porphyra (Bangiophyceae) Transcriptomes Provide Insights Into Red Algal Development And Metabolism

Author

Chan, Cheong Xin, primary, Blouin, Nicolas A., additional, Zhuang, Yunyun, additional, Zäuner, Simone, additional, Prochnik, Simon E., additional, Lindquist, Erika, additional, Lin, Senjie, additional, Benning, Christoph, additional, Lohr, Martin, additional, Yarish, Charles, additional, Gantt, Elisabeth, additional, Grossman, Arthur R., additional, Lu, Shan, additional, Müller, Kirsten, additional, W. Stiller, John, additional, Brawley, Susan H., additional, and Bhattacharya, Debashish, additional

Published
2012
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38. Round‐Robin Studies as a Method for Testing and Validating High‐Efficiency ITO‐Free Polymer Solar Cells Based on Roll‐to‐Roll‐Coated Highly Conductive and Transparent Flexible Substrates

Author

Larsen‐Olsen, Thue T., primary, Machui, Florian, additional, Lechene, Balthazar, additional, Berny, Stephane, additional, Angmo, Dechan, additional, Søndergaard, Roar, additional, Blouin, Nicolas, additional, Mitchell, William, additional, Tierney, Steven, additional, Cull, Tobias, additional, Tiwana, Priti, additional, Meyer, Frank, additional, Carrasco‐Orozco, Miguel, additional, Scheel, Arnulf, additional, Lövenich, Wilfried, additional, de Bettignies, Rémi, additional, Brabec, Christoph J., additional, and Krebs, Frederik C., additional

Published
2012
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39. MAJOR DEVELOPMENTAL REGULATORS AND THEIR EXPRESSION IN TWO CLOSELY RELATED SPECIES OF PORPHYRA (RHODOPHYTA)1

Author

Stiller, John W., primary, Perry, Justin, additional, Rymarquis, Linda A., additional, Accerbi, Monica, additional, Green, Pamela J., additional, Prochnik, Simon, additional, Lindquist, Erika, additional, Chan, Cheong Xin, additional, Yarish, Charles, additional, Lin, Senjie, additional, Zhuang, Yunyun, additional, Blouin, Nicolas A., additional, and Brawley, Susan H., additional

Published
2012
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50. A Lack of Parasitic Reduction in the Obligate Parasitic Green Alga Helicosporidium.

Author

Pombert, Jean-François, Blouin, Nicolas Achille, Lane, Chris, Boucias, Drion, and Keeling, Patrick J.

Subjects
*GREEN algae, *PARASITISM, *PLASTIDS, *APICOMPLEXA, *BIOSYNTHESIS, PHOTOSYNTHESIS genetics
Abstract

The evolution of an obligate parasitic lifestyle is often associated with genomic reduction, in particular with the loss of functions associated with increasing host-dependence. This is evident in many parasites, but perhaps the most extreme transitions are from free-living autotrophic algae to obligate parasites. The best-known examples of this are the apicomplexans such as Plasmodium, which evolved from algae with red secondary plastids. However, an analogous transition also took place independently in the Helicosporidia, where an obligate parasite of animals with an intracellular infection mechanism evolved from algae with green primary plastids. We characterised the nuclear genome of Helicosporidium to compare its transition to parasitism with that of apicomplexans. The Helicosporidium genome is small and compact, even by comparison with the relatively small genomes of the closely related green algae Chlorella and Coccomyxa, but at the functional level we find almost no evidence for reduction. Nearly all ancestral metabolic functions are retained, with the single major exception of photosynthesis, and even here reduction is not complete. The great majority of genes for light-harvesting complexes, photosystems, and pigment biosynthesis have been lost, but those for other photosynthesis-related functions, such as Calvin cycle, are retained. Rather than loss of whole function categories, the predominant reductive force in the Helicosporidium genome is a contraction of gene family complexity, but even here most losses affect families associated with genome maintenance and expression, not functions associated with host-dependence. Other gene families appear to have expanded in response to parasitism, in particular chitinases, including those predicted to digest the chitinous barriers of the insect host or remodel the cell wall of Helicosporidium. Overall, the Helicosporidium genome presents a fascinating picture of the early stages of a transition from free-living autotroph to parasitic heterotroph where host-independence has been unexpectedly preserved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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