Search

Your search keyword '"Blok D"' showing total 424 results
Start Over Author "Blok D"

Refine your results

more »

more »

more »

more »

more »
424 results on '"Blok D"'

2. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome.

Author

Thomas, H, Bjorkman, A, Myers-Smith, I, Elmendorf, S, Kattge, J, Diaz, S, Vellend, M, Blok, D, Cornelissen, J, Forbes, B, Henry, G, Hollister, R, Normand, S, Prevéy, J, Rixen, C, Schaepman-Strub, G, Wilmking, M, Wipf, S, Cornwell, W, Beck, P, Georges, D, Goetz, S, Guay, K, Rüger, N, Soudzilovskaia, N, Spasojevic, Marko, Alatalo, J, Alexander, H, Anadon-Rosell, A, Angers-Blondin, S, Te Beest, M, Berner, L, Björk, R, Buchwal, A, Buras, A, Carbognani, M, Christie, K, Collier, L, Cooper, E, Elberling, B, Eskelinen, A, Frei, E, Grau, O, Grogan, P, Hallinger, M, Heijmans, M, Hermanutz, L, Hudson, J, Johnstone, J, Hülber, K, Iturrate-Garcia, M, Iversen, C, Jaroszynska, F, Kaarlejarvi, E, Kulonen, A, Lamarque, L, Lantz, T, Lévesque, E, Little, C, Michelsen, A, Milbau, A, Nabe-Nielsen, J, Nielsen, S, Ninot, J, Oberbauer, S, Olofsson, J, Onipchenko, V, Petraglia, A, Rumpf, S, Shetti, R, Speed, J, Suding, K, Tape, K, Tomaselli, M, Trant, A, Treier, U, Tremblay, M, Venn, S, Vowles, T, Weijers, S, Wookey, P, Zamin, T, Bahn, M, Blonder, Benjamin, van Bodegom, P, Bond-Lamberty, B, Campetella, G, Cerabolini, B, Chapin, F, Craine, J, Dainese, M, Green, W, Jansen, S, Kleyer, M, Manning, P, Niinemets, Ü, Onoda, Y, Ozinga, W, Peñuelas, J, and Poschlod, P

Subjects
Climate, Ecosystem, Plant Development, Plants, Tundra
Abstract

The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspecific relationships are confounded by trait variation within species. We test whether trait relationships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits yet compiled. We show that tundra plants demonstrate remarkably similar resource economic traits, but not size traits, compared to global distributions, and exhibit the same two dimensions of trait variation. Three quarters of trait variation occurs among species, mirroring global estimates of interspecific trait variation. Plant trait relationships are thus generalizable to the edge of global trait-space, informing prediction of plant community change in a warming world.

Published
2020

3. Traditional plant functional groups explain variation in economic but not size-related traits across the tundra biome.

Author

Thomas, HJD, Myers-Smith, IH, Bjorkman, AD, Elmendorf, SC, Blok, D, Cornelissen, JHC, Forbes, BC, Hollister, RD, Normand, S, Prevéy, JS, Rixen, C, Schaepman-Strub, G, Wilmking, M, Wipf, S, Cornwell, WK, Kattge, J, Goetz, SJ, Guay, KC, Alatalo, JM, Anadon-Rosell, A, Angers-Blondin, S, Berner, LT, Björk, RG, Buchwal, A, Buras, A, Carbognani, M, Christie, K, Siegwart Collier, L, Cooper, EJ, Eskelinen, A, Frei, ER, Grau, O, Grogan, P, Hallinger, M, Heijmans, MMPD, Hermanutz, L, Hudson, JMG, Hülber, K, Iturrate-Garcia, M, Iversen, CM, Jaroszynska, F, Johnstone, JF, Kaarlejärvi, E, Kulonen, A, Lamarque, LJ, Lévesque, E, Little, CJ, Michelsen, A, Milbau, A, Nabe-Nielsen, J, Nielsen, SS, Ninot, JM, Oberbauer, SF, Olofsson, J, Onipchenko, VG, Petraglia, A, Rumpf, SB, Semenchuk, PR, Soudzilovskaia, NA, Spasojevic, MJ, Speed, JDM, Tape, KD, Te Beest, M, Tomaselli, M, Trant, A, Treier, UA, Venn, S, Vowles, T, Weijers, S, Zamin, T, Atkin, OK, Bahn, M, Blonder, B, Campetella, G, Cerabolini, BEL, Chapin Iii, FS, Dainese, M, de Vries, FT, Díaz, S, Green, W, Jackson, RB, Manning, P, Niinemets, Ü, Ozinga, WA, Peñuelas, J, Reich, PB, Schamp, B, Sheremetev, S, and van Bodegom, PM

Subjects
cluster analysis, community composition, ecosystem function, plant functional groups, plant functional types, plant traits, tundra biome, vegetation change, Ecology, Ecological Applications, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience
Abstract

AimPlant functional groups are widely used in community ecology and earth system modelling to describe trait variation within and across plant communities. However, this approach rests on the assumption that functional groups explain a large proportion of trait variation among species. We test whether four commonly used plant functional groups represent variation in six ecologically important plant traits.LocationTundra biome.Time periodData collected between 1964 and 2016.Major taxa studied295 tundra vascular plant species.MethodsWe compiled a database of six plant traits (plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, seed mass) for tundra species. We examined the variation in species-level trait expression explained by four traditional functional groups (evergreen shrubs, deciduous shrubs, graminoids, forbs), and whether variation explained was dependent upon the traits included in analysis. We further compared the explanatory power and species composition of functional groups to alternative classifications generated using post hoc clustering of species-level traits.ResultsTraditional functional groups explained significant differences in trait expression, particularly amongst traits associated with resource economics, which were consistent across sites and at the biome scale. However, functional groups explained 19% of overall trait variation and poorly represented differences in traits associated with plant size. Post hoc classification of species did not correspond well with traditional functional groups, and explained twice as much variation in species-level trait expression.Main conclusionsTraditional functional groups only coarsely represent variation in well-measured traits within tundra plant communities, and better explain resource economic traits than size-related traits. We recommend caution when using functional group approaches to predict tundra vegetation change, or ecosystem functions relating to plant size, such as albedo or carbon storage. We argue that alternative classifications or direct use of specific plant traits could provide new insights for ecological prediction and modelling.

Published
2019

5. Plant traits poorly predict winner and loser shrub species in a warming tundra biome

Author

García Criado, M., Myers-Smith, I.H., Bjorkman, A.D., Normand, S., Blach-Overgaard, A., Thomas, H.J.D., Eskelinen, Anu Maria, Happonen, K., Alatalo, J.M., Anadon-Rosell, A., Aubin, I., te Beest, M., Betway-May, K.R., Blok, D., Buras, A., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Christie, K., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Forbes, B.C., Frei, E.R., Grogan, P., Hermanutz, L., Hollister, R.D., Hudson, J., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Kaarlejärvi, E., Kleyer, M., Lamarque, L.J., Lembrechts, J.J., Lévesque, E., Luoto, M., Macek, P., May, J.L., Prevéy, J.S., Schaepman-Strub, G., Sheremetiev, S.N., Siegwart Collier, L., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Trant, A., Venn, S.E., Virkkala, A.-M., García Criado, M., Myers-Smith, I.H., Bjorkman, A.D., Normand, S., Blach-Overgaard, A., Thomas, H.J.D., Eskelinen, Anu Maria, Happonen, K., Alatalo, J.M., Anadon-Rosell, A., Aubin, I., te Beest, M., Betway-May, K.R., Blok, D., Buras, A., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Christie, K., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Forbes, B.C., Frei, E.R., Grogan, P., Hermanutz, L., Hollister, R.D., Hudson, J., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Kaarlejärvi, E., Kleyer, M., Lamarque, L.J., Lembrechts, J.J., Lévesque, E., Luoto, M., Macek, P., May, J.L., Prevéy, J.S., Schaepman-Strub, G., Sheremetiev, S.N., Siegwart Collier, L., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Trant, A., Venn, S.E., and Virkkala, A.-M.

Abstract

Climate change is leading to species redistributions. In the tundra biome, shrubs are generally expanding, but not all tundra shrub species will benefit from warming. Winner and loser species, and the characteristics that may determine success or failure, have not yet been fully identified. Here, we investigate whether past abundance changes, current range sizes and projected range shifts derived from species distribution models are related to plant trait values and intraspecific trait variation. We combined 17,921 trait records with observed past and modelled future distributions from 62 tundra shrub species across three continents. We found that species with greater variation in seed mass and specific leaf area had larger projected range shifts, and projected winner species had greater seed mass values. However, trait values and variation were not consistently related to current and projected ranges, nor to past abundance change. Overall, our findings indicate that abundance change and range shifts will not lead to directional modifications in shrub trait composition, since winner and loser species share relatively similar trait spaces.

Published
2023

9. Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems

Author

Rixen, C, Hoye, TT, Macek, P, Aerts, R, Alatalo, JM, Anderson, JT, Arnold, PA, Barrio, IC, Bjerke, JW, Bjorkman, MP, Blok, D, Blume-Werry, G, Boike, J, Bokhorst, S, Carbognani, M, Christiansen, CT, Convey, P, Cooper, EJ, Cornelissen, JHC, Coulson, SJ, Dorrepaal, E, Elberling, B, Elmendorf, SC, Elphinstone, C, Forte, TGW, Frei, ER, Geange, SR, Gerhrmann, F, Gibson, C, Grogan, P, Halbritter, AH, Harte, J, Henry, GHR, Inouye, DW, Irwin, RE, Jespersen, G, Jonsdottir, IS, Jung, JY, Klinges, DH, Kudo, G, Lamsa, J, Lee, H, Lembrechts, JJ, Lett, S, Lynn, JS, Mann, HMR, Mastepanov, M, Morse, J, Myers-Smith, IH, Olofsson, J, Paavola, R, Petraglia, A, Phoenix, GK, Semenchuk, P, Siewert, MB, Slatyer, R, Spasojevic, MJ, Suding, K, Sullivan, P, Thompson, KL, Vaisanen, M, Vandvik, V, Venn, Susanna, Walz, J, Way, R, Welker, JM, Wipf, S, Zong, S, Rixen, C, Hoye, TT, Macek, P, Aerts, R, Alatalo, JM, Anderson, JT, Arnold, PA, Barrio, IC, Bjerke, JW, Bjorkman, MP, Blok, D, Blume-Werry, G, Boike, J, Bokhorst, S, Carbognani, M, Christiansen, CT, Convey, P, Cooper, EJ, Cornelissen, JHC, Coulson, SJ, Dorrepaal, E, Elberling, B, Elmendorf, SC, Elphinstone, C, Forte, TGW, Frei, ER, Geange, SR, Gerhrmann, F, Gibson, C, Grogan, P, Halbritter, AH, Harte, J, Henry, GHR, Inouye, DW, Irwin, RE, Jespersen, G, Jonsdottir, IS, Jung, JY, Klinges, DH, Kudo, G, Lamsa, J, Lee, H, Lembrechts, JJ, Lett, S, Lynn, JS, Mann, HMR, Mastepanov, M, Morse, J, Myers-Smith, IH, Olofsson, J, Paavola, R, Petraglia, A, Phoenix, GK, Semenchuk, P, Siewert, MB, Slatyer, R, Spasojevic, MJ, Suding, K, Sullivan, P, Thompson, KL, Vaisanen, M, Vandvik, V, Venn, Susanna, Walz, J, Way, R, Welker, JM, Wipf, S, and Zong, S

Abstract

Snow is an important driver of ecosystem processes in cold biomes. Snow accumulation determines ground temperature, light conditions, and moisture availability during winter. It also affects the growing season’s start and end, and plant access to moisture and nutrients. Here, we review the current knowledge of the snow cover’s role for vegetation, plant-animal interactions, permafrost conditions, microbial processes, and biogeochemical cycling. We also compare studies of natural snow gradients with snow experimental manipulation studies to assess time scale difference of these approaches. The number of tundra snow studies has increased considerably in recent years, yet we still lack a comprehensive overview of how altered snow conditions will affect these ecosystems. Specifically, we found a mismatch in the timing of snowmelt when comparing studies of natural snow gradients with snow manipulations. We found that snowmelt timing achieved by snow addition and snow removal manipulations (average 7.9 days advance and 5.5 days delay, respectively) were substantially lower than the temporal variation over natural spatial gradients within a given year (mean range 56 days) or among years (mean range 32 days). Differences between snow study approaches need to be accounted for when projecting snow dynamics and their impact on ecosystems in future climates.

Published
2022

10. Winters are changing:snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems

Author

Rixen, C. (Christian), Høye, T. T. (Toke Thomas), Macek, P. (Petr), Aerts, R. (Rien), Alatalo, J. M. (Juha M.), Anderson, J. T. (Jill T.), Arnold, P. A. (Pieter A.), Barrio, I. C. (Isabel C), Bjerke, J. W. (Jarle W.), Björkman, M. P. (Mats P.), Blok, D. (Daan), Blume-Werry, G. (Gesche), Boike, J. (Julia), Bokhorst, S. (Stef), Carbognani, M. (Michele), Christiansen, C. T. (Casper T.), Convey, P. (Peter), Cooper, E. J. (Elisabeth J.), Cornelissen, J. H. (J. Hans C.), Coulson, S. J. (Stephen J.), Dorrepaal, E. (Ellen), Elberling, B. (Bo), Elmendorf, S. C. (Sarah C.), Elphinstone, C. (Cassandra), Forte, T. G. (T’ai G.W.), Frei, E. R. (Esther R.), Geange, S. R. (Sonya R.), Gehrmann, F. (Friederike), Gibson, C. (Casey), Grogan, P. (Paul), Halbritter, A. H. (Aud Helen), Harte, J. (John), Henry, G. H. (Gregory H.R.), Inouye, D. W. (David W.), Irwin, R. E. (Rebecca E.), Jespersen, G. (Gus), Jónsdóttir, I. S. (Ingibjörg Svala), Jung, J. Y. (Ji Young), Klinges, D. H. (David H.), Kudo, G. (Gaku), Lämsä, J. (Juho), Lee, H. (Hanna), Lembrechts, J. J. (Jonas J.), Lett, S. (Signe), Lynn, J. S. (Joshua Scott), Mann, H. M. (Hjalte M.R.), Mastepanov, M. (Mikhail), Morse, J. (Jennifer), Myers-Smith, I. H. (Isla H.), Olofsson, J. (Johan), Paavola, R. (Riku), Petraglia, A. (Alessandro), Phoenix, G. K. (Gareth K.), Semenchuk, P. (Philipp), Siewert, M. B. (Matthias B.), Slatyer, R. (Rachel), Spasojevic, M. J. (Marko J.), Suding, K. (Katharine), Sullivan, P. (Patrick), Thompson, K. L. (Kimberly L.), Väisänen, M. (Maria), Vandvik, V. (Vigdis), Venn, S. (Susanna), Walz, J. (Josefine), Way, R. (Robert), Welker, J. M. (Jeffrey M.), Wipf, S. (Sonja), Zong, S. (Shengwei), Rixen, C. (Christian), Høye, T. T. (Toke Thomas), Macek, P. (Petr), Aerts, R. (Rien), Alatalo, J. M. (Juha M.), Anderson, J. T. (Jill T.), Arnold, P. A. (Pieter A.), Barrio, I. C. (Isabel C), Bjerke, J. W. (Jarle W.), Björkman, M. P. (Mats P.), Blok, D. (Daan), Blume-Werry, G. (Gesche), Boike, J. (Julia), Bokhorst, S. (Stef), Carbognani, M. (Michele), Christiansen, C. T. (Casper T.), Convey, P. (Peter), Cooper, E. J. (Elisabeth J.), Cornelissen, J. H. (J. Hans C.), Coulson, S. J. (Stephen J.), Dorrepaal, E. (Ellen), Elberling, B. (Bo), Elmendorf, S. C. (Sarah C.), Elphinstone, C. (Cassandra), Forte, T. G. (T’ai G.W.), Frei, E. R. (Esther R.), Geange, S. R. (Sonya R.), Gehrmann, F. (Friederike), Gibson, C. (Casey), Grogan, P. (Paul), Halbritter, A. H. (Aud Helen), Harte, J. (John), Henry, G. H. (Gregory H.R.), Inouye, D. W. (David W.), Irwin, R. E. (Rebecca E.), Jespersen, G. (Gus), Jónsdóttir, I. S. (Ingibjörg Svala), Jung, J. Y. (Ji Young), Klinges, D. H. (David H.), Kudo, G. (Gaku), Lämsä, J. (Juho), Lee, H. (Hanna), Lembrechts, J. J. (Jonas J.), Lett, S. (Signe), Lynn, J. S. (Joshua Scott), Mann, H. M. (Hjalte M.R.), Mastepanov, M. (Mikhail), Morse, J. (Jennifer), Myers-Smith, I. H. (Isla H.), Olofsson, J. (Johan), Paavola, R. (Riku), Petraglia, A. (Alessandro), Phoenix, G. K. (Gareth K.), Semenchuk, P. (Philipp), Siewert, M. B. (Matthias B.), Slatyer, R. (Rachel), Spasojevic, M. J. (Marko J.), Suding, K. (Katharine), Sullivan, P. (Patrick), Thompson, K. L. (Kimberly L.), Väisänen, M. (Maria), Vandvik, V. (Vigdis), Venn, S. (Susanna), Walz, J. (Josefine), Way, R. (Robert), Welker, J. M. (Jeffrey M.), Wipf, S. (Sonja), and Zong, S. (Shengwei)

Abstract

Snow is an important driver of ecosystem processes in cold biomes. Snow accumulation determines ground temperature, light conditions, and moisture availability during winter. It also affects the growing season’s start and end, and plant access to moisture and nutrients. Here, we review the current knowledge of the snow cover’s role for vegetation, plant-animal interactions, permafrost conditions, microbial processes, and biogeochemical cycling. We also compare studies of natural snow gradients with snow experimental manipulation studies to assess time scale difference of these approaches. The number of tundra snow studies has increased considerably in recent years, yet we still lack a comprehensive overview of how altered snow conditions will affect these ecosystems. Specifically, we found a mismatch in the timing of snowmelt when comparing studies of natural snow gradients with snow manipulations. We found that snowmelt timing achieved by snow addition and snow removal manipulations (average 7.9 days advance and 5.5 days delay, respectively) were substantially lower than the temporal variation over natural spatial gradients within a given year (mean range 56 days) or among years (mean range 32 days). Differences between snow study approaches need to be accounted for when projecting snow dynamics and their impact on ecosystems in future climates.

Published
2022

11. Determining target populations for leprosy prophylactic interventions:a hotspot analysis in Indonesia

Author

Taal, A. T., Blok, D. J., Handito, A., Wibowo, S., Sumarsono, Wardana, A., Pontororing, G., Sari, D. F., van Brakel, W. H., Richardus, J. H., Prakoeswa, C. R.S., Taal, A. T., Blok, D. J., Handito, A., Wibowo, S., Sumarsono, Wardana, A., Pontororing, G., Sari, D. F., van Brakel, W. H., Richardus, J. H., and Prakoeswa, C. R.S.

Abstract

Background: Leprosy incidence remained at around 200,000 new cases globally for the last decade. Current strategies to reduce the number of new patients include early detection and providing post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to at-risk populations. Because leprosy is distributed unevenly, it is crucial to identify high-risk clusters of leprosy cases for targeting interventions. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) methodology can be used to optimize leprosy control activities by identifying clustering of leprosy cases and determining optimal target populations for PEP. Methods: The geolocations of leprosy cases registered from 2014 to 2018 in Pasuruan and Pamekasan (Indonesia) were collected and tested for spatial autocorrelation with the Moran’s I statistic. We did a hotspot analysis using the Heatmap tool of QGIS to identify clusters of leprosy cases in both areas. Fifteen cluster settings were compared, varying the heatmap radius (i.e., 500 m, 1000 m, 1500 m, 2000 m, or 2500 m) and the density of clustering (low, moderate, and high). For each cluster setting, we calculated the number of cases in clusters, the size of the cluster (km2), and the total population targeted for PEP under various strategies. Results: The distribution of cases was more focused in Pasuruan (Moran’s I = 0.44) than in Pamekasan (0.27). The proportion of total cases within identified clusters increased with heatmap radius and ranged from 3% to almost 100% in both areas. The proportion of the population in clusters targeted for PEP decreased with heatmap radius from > 100% to 5% in high and from 88 to 3% in moderate and low density clusters. We have developed an example of a practical guideline to determine optimal cluster settings based on a given PEP strategy, distribution of cases, resources available, and proportion of population targeted for PEP. Conclusion: Policy and operational decisions related to leprosy control programs can be guided by a hotspot analysis which aid

Published
2022

14. Traditional plant functional groups explain variation in economic but not size-related traits across the tundra biome

Author

Thomas, H.J.D., Myers-Smith, I.H., Bjorkman, A.D., Elmendorf, S.C., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Forbes, B.C., Hollister, R.D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J.S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W.K., Kattge, J., Goetz, S.J., Guay, K.C., Alatalo, J.M., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., Berner, L.T., Björk, R.G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K., Siegwart Collier, L., Cooper, E.J., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E.R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M.M.P.D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J.M.G., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C.M., Jaroszynska, F., Johnstone, J.F., Kaarlejärvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L.J., Lévesque, E., Little, C.J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S.S., Ninot, J.M., Oberbauer, S.F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V.G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S.B., Semenchuk, P.R., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Spasojevic, M.J., Speed, J.D.M., Tape, K.D., Beest, M. te, Tomaselli, M., Trant, A., Treier, U.A., Venn, S., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Zamin, T., Atkin, O.K., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Chapin III, F.S., Dainese, M., Vries, F.T. de, Díaz, S., Green, W., Jackson, R.B., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü, Ozinga, W.A., Penuelas, J., Reich, P.B., Schamp, B., Sheremetev, S., Bodegom, P.M. van, Systems Ecology, Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, External Funding, Research Centre for Ecological Change, and van Bodegom, PM

Subjects
Plant functional types, Evolution, NUTRIENT, TERM, plant functional groups, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, CARBON, vegetation change, Cluster analysis, Behavior and Systematics, ecosystem function, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Plantegeografi: 496, Community composition, Plant functional groups, community composition, ARCTIC TUNDRA, Ekologi, Plant traits, Global and Planetary Change, CLIMATE-CHANGE, Ecology, LEAF TRAITS, Botany, food and beverages, Botanik, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Plant geography: 496, plant functional types, Research Papers, Tundra biome, cluster analysis, plant traits, tundra biome, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecological Applications, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, Vegetation change, Ecosystem function, VEGETATION, LITTER DECOMPOSITION RATES, RESPONSES, Research Paper
Abstract

Aim : Plant functional groups are widely used in community ecology and earth system modelling to describe trait variation within and across plant communities. However, this approach rests on the assumption that functional groups explain a large propor ‐ tion of trait variation among species. We test whether four commonly used plant functional groups represent variation in six ecologically important plant traits. Location : Tundra biome. Time period : Data collected between 1964 and 2016. Major taxa studied : 295 tundra vascular plant species. Methods : We compiled a database of six plant traits (plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, seed mass) for tundra species. We exam ‐ ined the variation in species‐level trait expression explained by four traditional func ‐ tional groups (evergreen shrubs, deciduous shrubs, graminoids, forbs), and whether variation explained was dependent upon the traits included in analysis. We further compared the explanatory power and species composition of functional groups to al ‐ ternative classifications generated using post hoc clustering of species‐level traits. Results : Traditional functional groups explained significant differences in trait expres ‐ sion, particularly amongst traits associated with resource economics, which were con ‐ sistent across sites and at the biome scale. However, functional groups explained 19% of overall trait variation and poorly represented differences in traits associated with plant size. Post hoc classification of species did not correspond well with traditional functional groups, and explained twice as much variation in species‐level trait expression. Main conclusions : Traditional functional groups only coarsely represent variation in well‐measured traits within tundra plant communities, and better explain resource economic traits than size‐related traits. We recommend caution when using func ‐ tional group approaches to predict tundra vegetation change, or ecosystem func ‐ tions relating to plant size, such as albedo or carbon storage. We argue that alternative classifications or direct use of specific plant traits could provide new insights for ecological prediction and modelling. © 2018 The Authors Global Ecology and Biogeography Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.

Published
2021

15. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome

Author

Thomas, H. J. D., Bjorkman, A. D., Myers-Smith, I. H., Elmendorf, S. C., Diaz, J. Kattge, S., Vellend, M., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Forbes, B. C., and Henry, G. H. R.

Subjects
climate change, plant trait, food and beverages, tundra biome, global warming
Abstract

The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspecific relationships are confounded by trait variation within species. We test whether trait relationships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits yet compiled. We show that tundra plants demonstrate remarkably similar resource economic traits, but not size traits, compared to global distributions, and exhibit the same two dimensions of trait variation. Three quarters of trait variation occurs among species, mirroring global estimates of interspecific trait variation. Plant trait relationships are thus generalizable to the edge of global trait-space, informing prediction of plant community change in a warming world. n/a

Published
2020

16. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome

Author

Thomas, HJD, Bjorkman, AD, Myers-Smith, IH, Elmendorf, SC, Kattge, J, Diaz, S, Vellend, M, Blok, D, Cornelissen, JHC, Forbes, BC, Henry, GHR, Hollister, RD, Normand, S, Prevéy, JS, Rixen, C, Schaepman-Strub, G, Wilmking, M, Wipf, S, Cornwell, WK, Beck, PSA, Georges, D, Goetz, SJ, Guay, KC, Rüger, N, Soudzilovskaia, NA, Spasojevic, MJ, Alatalo, JM, Alexander, HD, Anadon-Rosell, A, Angers-Blondin, S, Te Beest, M, Berner, LT, Björk, RG, Buchwal, A, Buras, A, Carbognani, M, Christie, KS, Collier, LS, Cooper, EJ, Elberling, B, Eskelinen, A, Frei, ER, Grau, O, Grogan, P, Hallinger, M, Heijmans, MMPD, Hermanutz, L, Hudson, JMG, Johnstone, JF, Hülber, K, Iturrate-Garcia, M, Iversen, CM, Jaroszynska, F, Kaarlejarvi, E, Kulonen, A, Lamarque, LJ, Lantz, TC, Lévesque, E, Little, CJ, Michelsen, A, Milbau, A, Nabe-Nielsen, J, Nielsen, SS, Ninot, JM, Oberbauer, SF, Olofsson, J, Onipchenko, VG, Petraglia, A, Rumpf, SB, Shetti, R, Speed, JDM, Suding, KN, Tape, KD, Tomaselli, M, Trant, AJ, Treier, UA, Tremblay, M, Venn, SE, Vowles, T, Weijers, S, Wookey, PA, Zamin, TJ, Bahn, M, Blonder, B, van Bodegom, PM, Bond-Lamberty, B, Campetella, G, Cerabolini, BEL, Chapin, FS, Craine, JM, Dainese, M, Green, WA, Jansen, S, Kleyer, M, Manning, P, Niinemets, Ü, Onoda, Y, Ozinga, WA, Peñuelas, J, and Poschlod, P

Subjects
Climate, food and beverages, Plant Development, Plants, Tundra, Ecosystem
Abstract

The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspecific relationships are confounded by trait variation within species. We test whether trait relationships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits yet compiled. We show that tundra plants demonstrate remarkably similar resource economic traits, but not size traits, compared to global distributions, and exhibit the same two dimensions of trait variation. Three quarters of trait variation occurs among species, mirroring global estimates of interspecific trait variation. Plant trait relationships are thus generalizable to the edge of global trait-space, informing prediction of plant community change in a warming world.

Published
2020

17. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome

Author

Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, Thomas, H. J. D., Bjorkman, A. D., Myers-Smith, I. H., Elmendorf, S. C., Kattge, J., Diaz, S., Vellend, M., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Forbes, B. C., Henry, G. H. R., Hollister, R. D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J. S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W. K., Beck, P. S. A., Georges, D., Goetz, S. J., Guay, K. C., Rüger, N., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Spasojevic, M. J., Alatalo, J. M., Alexander, H. D., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., te Beest, M., Berner, L. T., Björk, R. G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K. S., Collier, L. S., Cooper, E. J., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E. R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M. M. P. D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J. M. G., Johnstone, J. F., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C. M., Jaroszynska, F., Kaarlejarvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L. J., Lantz, T. C., Lévesque, E., Little, C. J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S. S., Ninot, J. M., Oberbauer, S. F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V. G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S. B., Shetti, R., Speed, J. D. M., Suding, K. N., Tape, K. D., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A. J., Treier, U. A., Tremblay, M., Venn, S. E., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Wookey, P. A., Zamin, T. J., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., van Bodegom, P. M., Bond-Lamberty, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B. E. L., Chapin, F. S., Craine, J. M., Dainese, M., Green, W. A., Jansen, S., Kleyer, M., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü., Onoda, Y., Ozinga, W. A., Peñuelas, J., Poschlod, P., Reich, P. B., Sandel, B., Schamp, B. S., Sheremetiev, S. N., de Vries, F. T., Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, Thomas, H. J. D., Bjorkman, A. D., Myers-Smith, I. H., Elmendorf, S. C., Kattge, J., Diaz, S., Vellend, M., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Forbes, B. C., Henry, G. H. R., Hollister, R. D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J. S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W. K., Beck, P. S. A., Georges, D., Goetz, S. J., Guay, K. C., Rüger, N., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Spasojevic, M. J., Alatalo, J. M., Alexander, H. D., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., te Beest, M., Berner, L. T., Björk, R. G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K. S., Collier, L. S., Cooper, E. J., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E. R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M. M. P. D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J. M. G., Johnstone, J. F., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C. M., Jaroszynska, F., Kaarlejarvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L. J., Lantz, T. C., Lévesque, E., Little, C. J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S. S., Ninot, J. M., Oberbauer, S. F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V. G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S. B., Shetti, R., Speed, J. D. M., Suding, K. N., Tape, K. D., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A. J., Treier, U. A., Tremblay, M., Venn, S. E., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Wookey, P. A., Zamin, T. J., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., van Bodegom, P. M., Bond-Lamberty, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B. E. L., Chapin, F. S., Craine, J. M., Dainese, M., Green, W. A., Jansen, S., Kleyer, M., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü., Onoda, Y., Ozinga, W. A., Peñuelas, J., Poschlod, P., Reich, P. B., Sandel, B., Schamp, B. S., Sheremetiev, S. N., and de Vries, F. T.

Published
2020

18. Shallow soils are warmer under trees and tall shrubs across Arctic and Boreal ecosystems

Author

Kropp, H. (Heather), Loranty, M. M. (Michael M.), Natali, S. M. (Susan M.), Kholodov, A. L. (Alexander L.), Rocha, A. V. (Adrian, V), Myers-Smith, I. (Isla), Abbot, B. W. (Benjamin W.), Abermann, J. (Jakob), Blanc-Betes, E. (Elena), Blok, D. (Daan), Blume-Werry, G. (Gesche), Boike, J. (Julia), Breen, A. L. (Amy L.), Cahoon, S. M. (Sean M. P.), Christiansen, C. T. (Casper T.), Douglas, T. A. (Thomas A.), Epstein, H. E. (Howard E.), Frost, G. V. (Gerald, V), Goeckede, M. (Mathias), Hoye, T. T. (Toke T.), Mamet, S. D. (Steven D.), O'Donnell, J. A. (Jonathan A.), Olefeldt, D. (David), Phoenix, G. K. (Gareth K.), Salmon, V. G. (Verity G.), Sannel, A. B. (A. Britta K.), Smith, S. L. (Sharon L.), Sonnentag, O. (Oliver), Vaughn, L. S. (Lydia Smith), Williams, M. (Mathew), Elberling, B. (Bo), Gough, L. (Laura), Hjort, J. (Jan), Lafleur, P. M. (Peter M.), Euskirchen, E. S. (Eugenie S.), Heijmans, M. M. (Monique M. P. D.), Humphreys, E. R. (Elyn R.), Iwata, H. (Hiroki), Jones, B. M. (Benjamin M.), Jorgenson, M. T. (M. Torre), Gruenberg, I. (Inge), Kim, Y. (Yongwon), Laundre, J. (James), Mauritz, M. (Marguerite), Michelsen, A. (Anders), Schaepman-Strub, G. (Gabriela), Tape, K. D. (Ken D.), Ueyama, M. (Masahito), Lee, B.-Y. (Bang-Yong), Langley, K. (Kirsty), Lund, M. (Magnus), Kropp, H. (Heather), Loranty, M. M. (Michael M.), Natali, S. M. (Susan M.), Kholodov, A. L. (Alexander L.), Rocha, A. V. (Adrian, V), Myers-Smith, I. (Isla), Abbot, B. W. (Benjamin W.), Abermann, J. (Jakob), Blanc-Betes, E. (Elena), Blok, D. (Daan), Blume-Werry, G. (Gesche), Boike, J. (Julia), Breen, A. L. (Amy L.), Cahoon, S. M. (Sean M. P.), Christiansen, C. T. (Casper T.), Douglas, T. A. (Thomas A.), Epstein, H. E. (Howard E.), Frost, G. V. (Gerald, V), Goeckede, M. (Mathias), Hoye, T. T. (Toke T.), Mamet, S. D. (Steven D.), O'Donnell, J. A. (Jonathan A.), Olefeldt, D. (David), Phoenix, G. K. (Gareth K.), Salmon, V. G. (Verity G.), Sannel, A. B. (A. Britta K.), Smith, S. L. (Sharon L.), Sonnentag, O. (Oliver), Vaughn, L. S. (Lydia Smith), Williams, M. (Mathew), Elberling, B. (Bo), Gough, L. (Laura), Hjort, J. (Jan), Lafleur, P. M. (Peter M.), Euskirchen, E. S. (Eugenie S.), Heijmans, M. M. (Monique M. P. D.), Humphreys, E. R. (Elyn R.), Iwata, H. (Hiroki), Jones, B. M. (Benjamin M.), Jorgenson, M. T. (M. Torre), Gruenberg, I. (Inge), Kim, Y. (Yongwon), Laundre, J. (James), Mauritz, M. (Marguerite), Michelsen, A. (Anders), Schaepman-Strub, G. (Gabriela), Tape, K. D. (Ken D.), Ueyama, M. (Masahito), Lee, B.-Y. (Bang-Yong), Langley, K. (Kirsty), and Lund, M. (Magnus)

Abstract

Soils are warming as air temperatures rise across the Arctic and Boreal region concurrent with the expansion of tall-statured shrubs and trees in the tundra. Changes in vegetation structure and function are expected to alter soil thermal regimes, thereby modifying climate feedbacks related to permafrost thaw and carbon cycling. However, current understanding of vegetation impacts on soil temperature is limited to local or regional scales and lacks the generality necessary to predict soil warming and permafrost stability on a pan-Arctic scale. Here we synthesize shallow soil and air temperature observations with broad spatial and temporal coverage collected across 106 sites representing nine different vegetation types in the permafrost region. We showed ecosystems with tall-statured shrubs and trees (>40 cm) have warmer shallow soils than those with short-statured tundra vegetation when normalized to a constant air temperature. In tree and tall shrub vegetation types, cooler temperatures in the warm season do not lead to cooler mean annual soil temperature indicating that ground thermal regimes in the cold-season rather than the warm-season are most critical for predicting soil warming in ecosystems underlain by permafrost. Our results suggest that the expansion of tall shrubs and trees into tundra regions can amplify shallow soil warming, and could increase the potential for increased seasonal thaw depth and increase soil carbon cycling rates and lead to increased carbon dioxide loss and further permafrost thaw.

Published
2020

19. Divergence of Arctic shrub growth associated with sea ice decline

Author

Buchwal, A. (Agata), Sullivan, P. F. (Patrick F.), Macias-Fauria, M. (Marc), Post, E. (Eric), Myers-Smith, I. H. (Isla H.), Stroeve, J. C. (Julienne C.), Blok, D. (Daan), Tape, K. D. (Ken D.), Forbes, B. C. (Bruce C.), Ropars, P. (Pascale), Lévesque, E. (Esther), Elberling, B. (Bo), Angers-Blondin, S. (Sandra), Boyle, J. S. (Joseph S.), Boudreau, S. (Stéphane), Boulanger-Lapointe, N. (Noémie), Gamm, C. (Cassandra), Hallinger, M. (Martin), Rachlewicz, G. (Grzegorz), Young, A. (Amanda), Zetterberg, P. (Pentti), Welker, J. M. (Jeffrey M.), Buchwal, A. (Agata), Sullivan, P. F. (Patrick F.), Macias-Fauria, M. (Marc), Post, E. (Eric), Myers-Smith, I. H. (Isla H.), Stroeve, J. C. (Julienne C.), Blok, D. (Daan), Tape, K. D. (Ken D.), Forbes, B. C. (Bruce C.), Ropars, P. (Pascale), Lévesque, E. (Esther), Elberling, B. (Bo), Angers-Blondin, S. (Sandra), Boyle, J. S. (Joseph S.), Boudreau, S. (Stéphane), Boulanger-Lapointe, N. (Noémie), Gamm, C. (Cassandra), Hallinger, M. (Martin), Rachlewicz, G. (Grzegorz), Young, A. (Amanda), Zetterberg, P. (Pentti), and Welker, J. M. (Jeffrey M.)

Abstract

Arctic sea ice extent (SIE) is declining at an accelerating rate with a wide range of ecological consequences. However, determining sea ice effects on tundra vegetation remains a challenge. In this study, we examined the universality or lack thereof in tundra shrub growth responses to changes in SIE and summer climate across the Pan-Arctic, taking advantage of 23 tundra shrub-ring chronologies from 19 widely distributed sites (56°N to 83°N). We show a clear divergence in shrub growth responses to SIE that began in the mid-1990s, with 39% of the chronologies showing declines and 57% showing increases in radial growth (decreasers and increasers, respectively). Structural equation models revealed that declining SIE was associated with rising air temperature and precipitation for increasers and with increasingly dry conditions for decreasers. Decreasers tended to be from areas of the Arctic with lower summer precipitation and their growth decline was related to decreases in the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index. Our findings suggest that moisture limitation, associated with declining SIE, might inhibit the positive effects of warming on shrub growth over a considerable part of the terrestrial Arctic, thereby complicating predictions of vegetation change and future tundra productivity.

Published
2020

20. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome

Author

Thomas, H. J. (H. J. D.), Bjorkman, A. D. (A. D.), Myers-Smith, I. H. (I. H.), Elmendorf, S. C. (S. C.), Kattge, J. (J.), Diaz, S. (S.), Vellend, M. (M.), Blok, D. (D.), Cornelissen, J. H. (J. H. C.), Forbes, B. C. (B. C.), Henry, G. H. (G. H. R.), Hollister, R. D. (R. D.), Normand, S. (S.), Prevey, J. S. (J. S.), Rixen, C. (C.), Schaepman-Strub, G. (G.), Wilmking, M. (M.), Wipf, S. (S.), Cornwell, W. K. (W. K.), Beck, P. S. (P. S. A.), Georges, D. (D.), Goetz, S. J. (S. J.), Guay, K. C. (K. C.), Ruger, N. (N.), Soudzilovskaia, N. A. (N. A.), Spasojevic, M. J. (M. J.), Alatalo, J. M. (J. M.), Alexander, H. D. (H. D.), Anadon-Rosell, A. (A.), Angers-Blondin, S. (S.), te Beest, M. (M.), Berner, L. T. (L. T.), Bjoerk, R. G. (R. G.), Buchwal, A. (A.), Buras, A. (A.), Carbognani, M. (M.), Christie, K. S. (K. S.), Collier, L. S. (L. S.), Cooper, E. J. (E. J.), Elberling, B. (B.), Eskelinen, A. (A.), Frei, E. R. (E. R.), Grau, O. (O.), Grogan, P. (P.), Hallinger, M. (M.), Heijmans, M. M. (M. M. P. D.), Hermanutz, L. (L.), Hudson, J. M. (J. M. G.), Johnstone, J. F. (J. F.), Huelber, K. (K.), Iturrate-Garcia, M. (M.), Iversen, C. M. (C. M.), Jaroszynska, F. (F.), Kaarlejarvi, E. (E.), Kulonen, A. (A.), Lamarque, L. J. (L. J.), Lantz, T. C. (T. C.), Levesque, E. (E.), Little, C. J. (C. J.), Michelsen, A. (A.), Milbau, A. (A.), Nabe-Nielsen, J. (J.), Nielsen, S. S. (S. S.), Ninot, J. M. (J. M.), Oberbauer, S. F. (S. F.), Olofsson, J. (J.), Onipchenko, V. G. (V. G.), Petraglia, A. (A.), Rumpf, S. B. (S. B.), Shetti, R. (R.), Speed, J. D. (J. D. M.), Suding, K. N. (K. N.), Tape, K. D. (K. D.), Tomaselli, M. (M.), Trant, A. J. (A. J.), Treier, U. A. (U. A.), Tremblay, M. (M.), Venn, S. E. (S. E.), Vowles, T. (T.), Weijers, S. (S.), Wookey, P. A. (P. A.), Zamin, T. J. (T. J.), Bahn, M. (M.), Blonder, B. (B.), van Bodegom, P. M. (P. M.), Bond-Lamberty, B. (B.), Campetella, G. (G.), Cerabolini, B. E. (B. E. L.), Chapin, F. S. (F. S., III), Craine, J. M. (J. M.), Dainese, M. (M.), Green, W. A. (W. A.), Jansen, S. (S.), Kleyer, M. (M.), Manning, P. (P.), Niinemets, U. (U.), Onoda, Y. (Y.), Ozinga, W. A. (W. A.), Penuelas, J. (J.), Poschlod, P. (P.), Reich, P. B. (P. B.), Sandel, B. (B.), Schamp, B. S. (B. S.), Sheremetiev, S. N. (S. N.), de Vries, F. T. (F. T.), Thomas, H. J. (H. J. D.), Bjorkman, A. D. (A. D.), Myers-Smith, I. H. (I. H.), Elmendorf, S. C. (S. C.), Kattge, J. (J.), Diaz, S. (S.), Vellend, M. (M.), Blok, D. (D.), Cornelissen, J. H. (J. H. C.), Forbes, B. C. (B. C.), Henry, G. H. (G. H. R.), Hollister, R. D. (R. D.), Normand, S. (S.), Prevey, J. S. (J. S.), Rixen, C. (C.), Schaepman-Strub, G. (G.), Wilmking, M. (M.), Wipf, S. (S.), Cornwell, W. K. (W. K.), Beck, P. S. (P. S. A.), Georges, D. (D.), Goetz, S. J. (S. J.), Guay, K. C. (K. C.), Ruger, N. (N.), Soudzilovskaia, N. A. (N. A.), Spasojevic, M. J. (M. J.), Alatalo, J. M. (J. M.), Alexander, H. D. (H. D.), Anadon-Rosell, A. (A.), Angers-Blondin, S. (S.), te Beest, M. (M.), Berner, L. T. (L. T.), Bjoerk, R. G. (R. G.), Buchwal, A. (A.), Buras, A. (A.), Carbognani, M. (M.), Christie, K. S. (K. S.), Collier, L. S. (L. S.), Cooper, E. J. (E. J.), Elberling, B. (B.), Eskelinen, A. (A.), Frei, E. R. (E. R.), Grau, O. (O.), Grogan, P. (P.), Hallinger, M. (M.), Heijmans, M. M. (M. M. P. D.), Hermanutz, L. (L.), Hudson, J. M. (J. M. G.), Johnstone, J. F. (J. F.), Huelber, K. (K.), Iturrate-Garcia, M. (M.), Iversen, C. M. (C. M.), Jaroszynska, F. (F.), Kaarlejarvi, E. (E.), Kulonen, A. (A.), Lamarque, L. J. (L. J.), Lantz, T. C. (T. C.), Levesque, E. (E.), Little, C. J. (C. J.), Michelsen, A. (A.), Milbau, A. (A.), Nabe-Nielsen, J. (J.), Nielsen, S. S. (S. S.), Ninot, J. M. (J. M.), Oberbauer, S. F. (S. F.), Olofsson, J. (J.), Onipchenko, V. G. (V. G.), Petraglia, A. (A.), Rumpf, S. B. (S. B.), Shetti, R. (R.), Speed, J. D. (J. D. M.), Suding, K. N. (K. N.), Tape, K. D. (K. D.), Tomaselli, M. (M.), Trant, A. J. (A. J.), Treier, U. A. (U. A.), Tremblay, M. (M.), Venn, S. E. (S. E.), Vowles, T. (T.), Weijers, S. (S.), Wookey, P. A. (P. A.), Zamin, T. J. (T. J.), Bahn, M. (M.), Blonder, B. (B.), van Bodegom, P. M. (P. M.), Bond-Lamberty, B. (B.), Campetella, G. (G.), Cerabolini, B. E. (B. E. L.), Chapin, F. S. (F. S., III), Craine, J. M. (J. M.), Dainese, M. (M.), Green, W. A. (W. A.), Jansen, S. (S.), Kleyer, M. (M.), Manning, P. (P.), Niinemets, U. (U.), Onoda, Y. (Y.), Ozinga, W. A. (W. A.), Penuelas, J. (J.), Poschlod, P. (P.), Reich, P. B. (P. B.), Sandel, B. (B.), Schamp, B. S. (B. S.), Sheremetiev, S. N. (S. N.), and de Vries, F. T. (F. T.)

Abstract

The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspecific relationships are confounded by trait variation within species. We test whether trait relationships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits yet compiled. We show that tundra plants demonstrate remarkably similar resource economic traits, but not size traits, compared to global distributions, and exhibit the same two dimensions of trait variation. Three quarters of trait variation occurs among species, mirroring global estimates of interspecific trait variation. Plant trait relationships are thus generalizable to the edge of global trait-space, informing prediction of plant community change in a warming world.

Published
2020

21. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome

Author

Thomas, H.J.D., Bjorkman, A.D., Myers-Smith, I.H., Elmendorf, S.C., Kattge, J., Diaz, S., Vellend, M., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Forbes, B.C., Henry, G.H.R., Hollister, R.D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J.S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W.K., Beck, P.S.A., Georges, D., Goetz, S.J., Guay, K.C., Rüger, N., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Spasojevic, M.J., Alatalo, J.M., Alexander, H.D., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., te Beest, M., Berner, L.T., Björk, R.G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K.S., Collier, L.S., Cooper, E.J., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, Anu Maria, Frei, E.R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M.M.P.D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J.M.G., Johnstone, J.F., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C.M., Jaroszynska, F., Kaarlejarvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L.J., Lantz, T.C., Lévesque, E., Little, C.J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S.S., Ninot, J.M., Oberbauer, S.F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V.G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S.B., Shetti, R., Speed, J.D.M., Suding, K.N., Tape, K.D., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A.J., Treier, U.A., Tremblay, M., Venn, S.E., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Wookey, P.A., Zamin, T.J., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., van Bodegom, P.M., Bond-Lamberty, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Chapin III, F.S., Craine, J.M., Dainese, M., Green, W.A., Jansen, S., Kleyer, M., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü., Onoda, Y., Ozinga, W.A., Peñuelas, J., Poschlod, P., Thomas, H.J.D., Bjorkman, A.D., Myers-Smith, I.H., Elmendorf, S.C., Kattge, J., Diaz, S., Vellend, M., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Forbes, B.C., Henry, G.H.R., Hollister, R.D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J.S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W.K., Beck, P.S.A., Georges, D., Goetz, S.J., Guay, K.C., Rüger, N., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Spasojevic, M.J., Alatalo, J.M., Alexander, H.D., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., te Beest, M., Berner, L.T., Björk, R.G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K.S., Collier, L.S., Cooper, E.J., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, Anu Maria, Frei, E.R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M.M.P.D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J.M.G., Johnstone, J.F., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C.M., Jaroszynska, F., Kaarlejarvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L.J., Lantz, T.C., Lévesque, E., Little, C.J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S.S., Ninot, J.M., Oberbauer, S.F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V.G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S.B., Shetti, R., Speed, J.D.M., Suding, K.N., Tape, K.D., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A.J., Treier, U.A., Tremblay, M., Venn, S.E., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Wookey, P.A., Zamin, T.J., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., van Bodegom, P.M., Bond-Lamberty, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Chapin III, F.S., Craine, J.M., Dainese, M., Green, W.A., Jansen, S., Kleyer, M., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü., Onoda, Y., Ozinga, W.A., Peñuelas, J., and Poschlod, P.

Abstract

The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspecific relationships are confounded by trait variation within species. We test whether trait relationships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits yet compiled. We show that tundra plants demonstrate remarkably similar resource economic traits, but not size traits, compared to global distributions, and exhibit the same two dimensions of trait variation. Three quarters of trait variation occurs among species, mirroring global estimates of interspecific trait variation. Plant trait relationships are thus generalizable to the edge of global trait-space, informing prediction of plant community change in a warming world.

Published
2020

27. Traditional plant functional groups explain variation in economic but not size-related traits across the tundra biome

Author

Thomas, H.J.D., Myers-Smith, I.H., Bjorkman, A.D., Elmendorf, S.C., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Forbes, B.C., Hollister, R.D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J.S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W., Kattge, J., Goetz, S.J., Guay, K.C., Alatalo, J.M., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., Berner, L.T., Björk, R.G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K., Siegwart Collier, L., Cooper, E.J., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E.R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijman, M.M.P.D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J.M.G., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C.M., Jaroszynska, F., Johnstone, J.F., Kaarlejärvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L.J., Lévesque, E., Te Beest, M., de Vries, F.T., Ozinga, W.A., and van Bodegom, P.M.

Subjects
food and beverages, plant functional types, ESG Stafafdelingen Omgevingswetenschappen, plant functional groups, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, vegetation change, plant traits, ecosystem function, ESG Staff Departments Environmental Sciences, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, tundra biome, community composition, cluster analysis
Abstract

Aim: Plant functional groups are widely used in community ecology and earth system modelling to describe trait variation within and across plant communities. However, this approach rests on the assumption that functional groups explain a large proportion of trait variation among species. We test whether four commonly used plant functional groups represent variation in six ecologically important plant traits. Location: Tundra biome. Time period: Data collected between 1964 and 2016. Major taxa studied: 295 tundra vascular plant species. Methods: We compiled a database of six plant traits (plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, seed mass) for tundra species. We examined the variation in species-level trait expression explained by four traditional functional groups (evergreen shrubs, deciduous shrubs, graminoids, forbs), and whether variation explained was dependent upon the traits included in analysis. We further compared the explanatory power and species composition of functional groups to alternative classifications generated using post hoc clustering of species-level traits. Results: Traditional functional groups explained significant differences in trait expression, particularly amongst traits associated with resource economics, which were consistent across sites and at the biome scale. However, functional groups explained 19% of overall trait variation and poorly represented differences in traits associated with plant size. Post hoc classification of species did not correspond well with traditional functional groups, and explained twice as much variation in species-level trait expression. Main conclusions: Traditional functional groups only coarsely represent variation in well-measured traits within tundra plant communities, and better explain resource economic traits than size-related traits. We recommend caution when using functional group approaches to predict tundra ecosystem change, or ecosystem functions relating to plant size, such as albedo or carbon storage. We argue that alternative classifications or direct use of specific plant traits could provide new insight into ecological prediction and modelling.

Published
2019

28. Traditional plant functional groups explain variation in economic but not size‐related traits across the tundra biome

Author

Thomas, H. J. (H. J. D.), Myers‐Smith, I. H. (I. H.), Bjorkman, A. D. (A. D.), Elmendorf, S. C. (S. C.), Blok, D. (D.), Cornelissen, J. H. (J. H. C.), Forbes, B. C. (B. C.), Hollister, R. D. (R. D.), Normand, S. (S.), Prevéy, J. S. (J. S.), Rixen, C. (C.), Schaepman‐Strub, G. (G.), Wilmking, M. (M.), Wipf, S. (S.), Cornwell, W. K. (W. K.), Kattge, J. (J.), Goetz, S. J. (S. J.), Guay, K. C. (K. C.), Alatalo, J. M. (J. M.), Anadon‐Rosell, A. (A.), Angers‐Blondin, S. (S.), Berner, L. T. (L. T.), Björk, R. G. (R. G.), Buchwal, A. (A.), Buras, A. (A.), Carbognani, M. (M.), Christie, K. (K.), Siegwart Collier, L. (L.), Cooper, E. J. (E. J.), Eskelinen, A. (A.), Frei, E. R. (E. R.), Grau, O. (O.), Grogan, P. (P.), Hallinger, M. (M.), Heijmans, M. M. (M. M. P. D.), Hermanutz, L. (L.), Hudson, J. M. (J. M. G.), Hülber, K. (K.), Iturrate‐Garcia, M. (M.), Iversen, C. M. (C. M.), Jaroszynska, F. (F.), Johnstone, J. F. (J. F.), Kaarlejärvi, E. (E.), Kulonen, A. (A.), Lamarque, L. J. (L. J.), Lévesque, E. (E.), Michelsen, A. (A.), Milbau, A. (A.), Nabe‐Nielsen, J. (J.), Nielsen, S. S. (S. S.), Ninot, J. M. (J. M.), Oberbauer, S. F. (S. F.), Olofsson, J. (J.), Onipchenko, V. G. (V. G.), Petraglia, A. (A.), Rumpf, S. B. (S. B.), Semenchuk, P. R. (P. R.), Soudzilovskaia, N. A. (N. A.), Spasojevic, M. J. (M. J.), Speed, J. D. (J. D. M.), Tape, K. D. (K. D.), te Beest, M. (M.), Tomaselli, M. (M.), Trant, A. (A.), Treier, U. A. (U. A.), Venn, S. (S.), Vowles, T. (T.), Weijers, S. (S.), Zamin, T. (T.), Atkin, O. K. (O. K.), Bahn, M. (M.), Blonder, B. (B.), Campetella, G. (G.), Cerabolini, B. E. (B. E. L.), Chapin III, F. S. (F. S.), Dainese, M. (M.), de Vries, F. T. (F. T.), Díaz, S. (S.), Green, W. (W.), Jackson, R. B. (R. B.), Manning, P. (P.), Niinemets, Ü. (Ü.), Ozinga, W. A. (W. A.), Peñuelas, J. (J.), Reich, P. B. (P. B.), Schamp, B. (B.), Sheremetev, S. (S.), and van Bodegom, P. M. (P. M.)

Subjects
vegetation change, plant traits, ecosystem function, food and beverages, tundra biome, community composition, plant functional types, plant functional groups, cluster analysis
Abstract

Aim: Plant functional groups are widely used in community ecology and earth system modelling to describe trait variation within and across plant communities. However, this approach rests on the assumption that functional groups explain a large proportion of trait variation among species. We test whether four commonly used plant functional groups represent variation in six ecologically important plant traits. Location: Tundra biome. Time period: Data collected between 1964 and 2016. Major taxa studied: 295 tundra vascular plant species. Methods: We compiled a database of six plant traits (plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, seed mass) for tundra species. We examined the variation in species‐level trait expression explained by four traditional functional groups (evergreen shrubs, deciduous shrubs, graminoids, forbs), and whether variation explained was dependent upon the traits included in analysis. We further compared the explanatory power and species composition of functional groups to alternative classifications generated using post hoc clustering of species‐level traits. Results: Traditional functional groups explained significant differences in trait expression, particularly amongst traits associated with resource economics, which were consistent across sites and at the biome scale. However, functional groups explained 19% of overall trait variation and poorly represented differences in traits associated with plant size. Post hoc classification of species did not correspond well with traditional functional groups, and explained twice as much variation in species‐level trait expression. Main conclusions: Traditional functional groups only coarsely represent variation in well‐measured traits within tundra plant communities, and better explain resource economic traits than size‐related traits. We recommend caution when using functional group approaches to predict tundra vegetation change, or ecosystem functions relating to plant size, such as albedo or carbon storage. We argue that alternative classifications or direct use of specific plant traits could provide new insights for ecological prediction and modelling.

Published
2019

30. Traditional plant functional groups explain variation in economic but not size-related traits across the tundra biome

Author

Thomas, H. J. D., Myers-Smith, I. H., Bjorkman, A. D., Elmendorf, S. C., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Forbes, B. C., Hollister, R. D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J. S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W. K., Kattge, J., Goetz, S. J., Guay, K. C., Alatalo, J. M., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., Berner, L. T., Björk, R. G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K., Siegwart Collier, L., Cooper, E. J., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E. R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M. M. P. D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J. M. G., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C. M., Jaroszynska, F., Johnstone, J. F., Kaarlejärvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L. J., Lévesque, E., Little, C. J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S. S., Ninot, J. M., Oberbauer, S. F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V. G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S. B., Semenchuk, P. R., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Spasojevic, M. J., Speed, J. D. M., Tape, K. D., te Beest, M., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A., Treier, U. A., Venn, S., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Zamin, T., Atkin, O. K., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B. E. L., Chapin III, F. S., Dainese, M., de Vries, F. T., Díaz, S., Green, W., Jackson, R. B., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü., Ozinga, W. A., Peñuelas, J., Reich, P. B., Schamp, B., Sheremetev, S., van Bodegom, P. M., Thomas, H. J. D., Myers-Smith, I. H., Bjorkman, A. D., Elmendorf, S. C., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Forbes, B. C., Hollister, R. D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J. S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W. K., Kattge, J., Goetz, S. J., Guay, K. C., Alatalo, J. M., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., Berner, L. T., Björk, R. G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K., Siegwart Collier, L., Cooper, E. J., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E. R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M. M. P. D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J. M. G., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C. M., Jaroszynska, F., Johnstone, J. F., Kaarlejärvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L. J., Lévesque, E., Little, C. J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S. S., Ninot, J. M., Oberbauer, S. F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V. G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S. B., Semenchuk, P. R., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Spasojevic, M. J., Speed, J. D. M., Tape, K. D., te Beest, M., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A., Treier, U. A., Venn, S., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Zamin, T., Atkin, O. K., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B. E. L., Chapin III, F. S., Dainese, M., de Vries, F. T., Díaz, S., Green, W., Jackson, R. B., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü., Ozinga, W. A., Peñuelas, J., Reich, P. B., Schamp, B., Sheremetev, S., and van Bodegom, P. M.

Abstract

Aim Plant functional groups are widely used in community ecology and earth system modelling to describe trait variation within and across plant communities. However, this approach rests on the assumption that functional groups explain a large proportion of trait variation among species. We test whether four commonly used plant functional groups represent variation in six ecologically important plant traits. Location Tundra biome. Time period Data collected between 1964 and 2016. Major taxa studied 295 tundra vascular plant species. Methods We compiled a database of six plant traits (plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, seed mass) for tundra species. We examined the variation in species-level trait expression explained by four traditional functional groups (evergreen shrubs, deciduous shrubs, graminoids, forbs), and whether variation explained was dependent upon the traits included in analysis. We further compared the explanatory power and species composition of functional groups to alternative classifications generated using post hoc clustering of species-level traits. Results Traditional functional groups explained significant differences in trait expression, particularly amongst traits associated with resource economics, which were consistent across sites and at the biome scale. However, functional groups explained 19% of overall trait variation and poorly represented differences in traits associated with plant size. Post hoc classification of species did not correspond well with traditional functional groups, and explained twice as much variation in species-level trait expression. Main conclusions Traditional functional groups only coarsely represent variation in well-measured traits within tundra plant communities, and better explain resource economic traits than size-related traits. We recommend caution when using functional group approaches to predict tundra vegetation change, or ecosystem functions rela

Published
2019

31. Traditional plant functional groups explain variation in economic but not size-related traits across the tundra biome

Author

Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, Thomas, H. J. D., Myers-Smith, I. H., Bjorkman, A. D., Elmendorf, S. C., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Forbes, B. C., Hollister, R. D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J. S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W. K., Kattge, J., Goetz, S. J., Guay, K. C., Alatalo, J. M., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., Berner, L. T., Björk, R. G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K., Siegwart Collier, L., Cooper, E. J., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E. R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M. M. P. D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J. M. G., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C. M., Jaroszynska, F., Johnstone, J. F., Kaarlejärvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L. J., Lévesque, E., Little, C. J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S. S., Ninot, J. M., Oberbauer, S. F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V. G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S. B., Semenchuk, P. R., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Spasojevic, M. J., Speed, J. D. M., Tape, K. D., te Beest, M., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A., Treier, U. A., Venn, S., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Zamin, T., Atkin, O. K., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B. E. L., Chapin III, F. S., Dainese, M., de Vries, F. T., Díaz, S., Green, W., Jackson, R. B., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü., Ozinga, W. A., Peñuelas, J., Reich, P. B., Schamp, B., Sheremetev, S., van Bodegom, P. M., Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, Thomas, H. J. D., Myers-Smith, I. H., Bjorkman, A. D., Elmendorf, S. C., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Forbes, B. C., Hollister, R. D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J. S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W. K., Kattge, J., Goetz, S. J., Guay, K. C., Alatalo, J. M., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., Berner, L. T., Björk, R. G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K., Siegwart Collier, L., Cooper, E. J., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E. R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M. M. P. D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J. M. G., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C. M., Jaroszynska, F., Johnstone, J. F., Kaarlejärvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L. J., Lévesque, E., Little, C. J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S. S., Ninot, J. M., Oberbauer, S. F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V. G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S. B., Semenchuk, P. R., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Spasojevic, M. J., Speed, J. D. M., Tape, K. D., te Beest, M., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A., Treier, U. A., Venn, S., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Zamin, T., Atkin, O. K., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B. E. L., Chapin III, F. S., Dainese, M., de Vries, F. T., Díaz, S., Green, W., Jackson, R. B., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü., Ozinga, W. A., Peñuelas, J., Reich, P. B., Schamp, B., Sheremetev, S., and van Bodegom, P. M.

Published
2019

34. Policy lessons from quantitative modeling of leprosy

Author

Medley, G, Blok, D, Crump, R, Hollingsworth, T, Galvani, A, Ndeffo-Mbah, M, Porco, T, Richardus, J, and Public Health

Subjects
TRANSMISSION, diagnosis, Immunology, Supplement Articles, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology, elimination, Theoretical, Models, MYCOBACTERIUM-LEPRAE, Leprosy, Humans, Disease Eradication, Science & Technology, Models, Statistical, Incidence, mathematical modeling, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, Statistical, Biological Sciences, 06 Biological Sciences, Models, Theoretical, BRAZIL, Infectious Diseases, Policy, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, RC
Abstract

Recent mathematical and statistical modeling of leprosy incidence data provides estimates of the current undiagnosed population and projections of diagnosed cases, as well as ongoing transmission. Furthermore, modeling studies have been used to evaluate the effectiveness of proposed intervention strategies, such as postleprosy exposure prophylaxis and novel diagnostics, relative to current approaches. Such modeling studies have revealed both a slow decline of new cases and a substantial pool of undiagnosed infections. These findings highlight the need for active case detection, particularly targeting leprosy foci, as well as for continued research into innovative accurate, rapid, and cost-effective diagnostics. As leprosy incidence continues to decline, targeted active case detection primarily in foci and connected areas will likely become increasingly important.

Published
2018

37. The influence of vegetation on shallow soil and air temperature coupling: a Pan-Arctic data synthesis

Author

Kropp, H., Loranty, M. M., Natali, S., Kholodov, A. L., Abbott, B., Abermann, J., Blanc-Betes, E., Blok, D., Blume-Werry, G., Boike, Julia, Breen, A. L., Cahoon, S. M. P., Christiansen, C., Douglas, T. A., Elberling, B., Epstein, H. E., Euskirchen, E. S., Frost, G., Goeckede, M., Gough, L., Heijmans, M., Hjort, J., Hoye, T. T., Humphreys, E., Iversen, C. M., Iwata, H., Jones, B. M., Jorgenson, T., Grünberg, Inge, Kim, Y., Lafleur, P., Laundre, J., Lund, M., Mamet, S., Mauritz, M., Michelsen, A., Myers-Smith, I. H., O'Donnell, J., Olefeldt, D., Phoenix, G. K., Rocha, A. V., Romanovsky, V. E., Salmon, V. G., Sannel, B., Schaepman-Strub, G., Smith, S. L., Sonnentag, O., Tape, K. D., Torn, M. S., Vaughn, L. S., Williams, M., Wilson, C. J., Kropp, H., Loranty, M. M., Natali, S., Kholodov, A. L., Abbott, B., Abermann, J., Blanc-Betes, E., Blok, D., Blume-Werry, G., Boike, Julia, Breen, A. L., Cahoon, S. M. P., Christiansen, C., Douglas, T. A., Elberling, B., Epstein, H. E., Euskirchen, E. S., Frost, G., Goeckede, M., Gough, L., Heijmans, M., Hjort, J., Hoye, T. T., Humphreys, E., Iversen, C. M., Iwata, H., Jones, B. M., Jorgenson, T., Grünberg, Inge, Kim, Y., Lafleur, P., Laundre, J., Lund, M., Mamet, S., Mauritz, M., Michelsen, A., Myers-Smith, I. H., O'Donnell, J., Olefeldt, D., Phoenix, G. K., Rocha, A. V., Romanovsky, V. E., Salmon, V. G., Sannel, B., Schaepman-Strub, G., Smith, S. L., Sonnentag, O., Tape, K. D., Torn, M. S., Vaughn, L. S., Williams, M., and Wilson, C. J.

Published
2018

38. Tundra Trait Team:a database of plant traits spanning the tundra biome

Author

Bjorkman, A. D. (Anne D.), Myers-Smith, I. H. (Isla H.), Elmendorf, S. C. (Sarah C.), Normand, S. (Signe), Thomas, H. J. (Haydn J. D.), Alatalo, J. M. (Juha M.), Alexander, H. (Heather), Anadon-Rosell, A. (Alba), Angers-Blondin, S. (Sandra), Bai, Y. (Yang), Baruah, G. (Gaurav), te Beest, M. (Mariska), Berner, L. (Logan), Bjork, R. G. (Robert G.), Blok, D. (Daan), Bruelheide, H. (Helge), Buchwal, A. (Agata), Buras, A. (Allan), Carbognani, M. (Michele), Christie, K. (Katherine), Collier, L. S. (Laura S.), Cooper, E. J. (Elisabeth J.), Cornelissen, J. H. (J. Hans C.), Dickinson, K. J. (Katharine J. M.), Dullinger, S. (Stefan), Elberling, B. (Bo), Eskelinen, A. (Anu), Forbes, B. C. (Bruce C.), Frei, E. R. (Esther R.), Iturrate-Garcia, M. (Maitane), Good, M. K. (Megan K.), Grau, O. (Oriol), Green, P. (Peter), Greve, M. (Michelle), Grogan, P. (Paul), Haider, S. (Sylvia), Hajek, T. (Tomas), Hallinger, M. (Martin), Happonen, K. (Konsta), Harper, K. A. (Karen A.), Heijmans, M. M. (Monique M. P. D.), Henry, G. H. (Gregory H. R.), Hermanutz, L. (Luise), Hewitt, R. E. (Rebecca E.), Hollister, R. D. (Robert D.), Hudson, J. (James), Huelber, K. (Karl), Iversen, C. M. (Colleen M.), Jaroszynska, F. (Francesca), Jimenez-Alfaro, B. (Borja), Johnstone, J. (Jill), Jorgensen, R. H. (Rasmus Halfdan), Kaarlejarvi, E. (Elina), Klady, R. (Rebecca), Klimesova, J. (Jitka), Korsten, A. (Annika), Kuleza, S. (Sara), Kulonen, A. (Aino), Lamarque, L. J. (Laurent J.), Lantz, T. (Trevor), Lavalle, A. (Amanda), Lembrechts, J. J. (Jonas J.), Levesque, E. (Esther), Little, C. J. (Chelsea J.), Luoto, M. (Miska), Macek, P. (Petr), Mack, M. C. (Michelle C.), Mathakutha, R. (Rabia), Michelsen, A. (Anders), Milbau, A. (Ann), Molau, U. (Ulf), Morgan, J. W. (John W.), Morsdorf, M. A. (Martin Alfons), Nabe-Nielsen, J. (Jacob), Nielsen, S. S. (Sigrid Scholer), Ninot, J. M. (Josep M.), Oberbauer, S. F. (Steven F.), Olofsson, J. (Johan), Onipchenko, V. G. (Vladimir G.), Petraglia, A. (Alessandro), Pickering, C. (Catherine), Prevey, J. S. (Janet S.), Rixen, C. (Christian), Rumpf, S. B. (Sabine B.), Schaepman-Strub, G. (Gabriela), Semenchuk, P. (Philipp), Shetti, R. (Rohan), Soudzilovskaia, N. A. (Nadejda A.), Spasojevic, M. J. (Marko J.), Speed, J. D. (James David Mervyn), Street, L. E. (Lorna E.), Suding, K. (Katharine), Tape, K. D. (Ken D.), Tomaselli, M. (Marcello), Trant, A. (Andrew), Treier, U. A. (Urs A.), Tremblay, J.-P. (Jean-Pierre), Tremblay, M. (Maxime), Venn, S. (Susanna), Virkkala, A.-M. (Anna-Maria), Vowles, T. (Tage), Weijers, S. (Stef), Wilmking, M. (Martin), Wipf, S. (Sonja), Zamin, T. (Tara), Bjorkman, A. D. (Anne D.), Myers-Smith, I. H. (Isla H.), Elmendorf, S. C. (Sarah C.), Normand, S. (Signe), Thomas, H. J. (Haydn J. D.), Alatalo, J. M. (Juha M.), Alexander, H. (Heather), Anadon-Rosell, A. (Alba), Angers-Blondin, S. (Sandra), Bai, Y. (Yang), Baruah, G. (Gaurav), te Beest, M. (Mariska), Berner, L. (Logan), Bjork, R. G. (Robert G.), Blok, D. (Daan), Bruelheide, H. (Helge), Buchwal, A. (Agata), Buras, A. (Allan), Carbognani, M. (Michele), Christie, K. (Katherine), Collier, L. S. (Laura S.), Cooper, E. J. (Elisabeth J.), Cornelissen, J. H. (J. Hans C.), Dickinson, K. J. (Katharine J. M.), Dullinger, S. (Stefan), Elberling, B. (Bo), Eskelinen, A. (Anu), Forbes, B. C. (Bruce C.), Frei, E. R. (Esther R.), Iturrate-Garcia, M. (Maitane), Good, M. K. (Megan K.), Grau, O. (Oriol), Green, P. (Peter), Greve, M. (Michelle), Grogan, P. (Paul), Haider, S. (Sylvia), Hajek, T. (Tomas), Hallinger, M. (Martin), Happonen, K. (Konsta), Harper, K. A. (Karen A.), Heijmans, M. M. (Monique M. P. D.), Henry, G. H. (Gregory H. R.), Hermanutz, L. (Luise), Hewitt, R. E. (Rebecca E.), Hollister, R. D. (Robert D.), Hudson, J. (James), Huelber, K. (Karl), Iversen, C. M. (Colleen M.), Jaroszynska, F. (Francesca), Jimenez-Alfaro, B. (Borja), Johnstone, J. (Jill), Jorgensen, R. H. (Rasmus Halfdan), Kaarlejarvi, E. (Elina), Klady, R. (Rebecca), Klimesova, J. (Jitka), Korsten, A. (Annika), Kuleza, S. (Sara), Kulonen, A. (Aino), Lamarque, L. J. (Laurent J.), Lantz, T. (Trevor), Lavalle, A. (Amanda), Lembrechts, J. J. (Jonas J.), Levesque, E. (Esther), Little, C. J. (Chelsea J.), Luoto, M. (Miska), Macek, P. (Petr), Mack, M. C. (Michelle C.), Mathakutha, R. (Rabia), Michelsen, A. (Anders), Milbau, A. (Ann), Molau, U. (Ulf), Morgan, J. W. (John W.), Morsdorf, M. A. (Martin Alfons), Nabe-Nielsen, J. (Jacob), Nielsen, S. S. (Sigrid Scholer), Ninot, J. M. (Josep M.), Oberbauer, S. F. (Steven F.), Olofsson, J. (Johan), Onipchenko, V. G. (Vladimir G.), Petraglia, A. (Alessandro), Pickering, C. (Catherine), Prevey, J. S. (Janet S.), Rixen, C. (Christian), Rumpf, S. B. (Sabine B.), Schaepman-Strub, G. (Gabriela), Semenchuk, P. (Philipp), Shetti, R. (Rohan), Soudzilovskaia, N. A. (Nadejda A.), Spasojevic, M. J. (Marko J.), Speed, J. D. (James David Mervyn), Street, L. E. (Lorna E.), Suding, K. (Katharine), Tape, K. D. (Ken D.), Tomaselli, M. (Marcello), Trant, A. (Andrew), Treier, U. A. (Urs A.), Tremblay, J.-P. (Jean-Pierre), Tremblay, M. (Maxime), Venn, S. (Susanna), Virkkala, A.-M. (Anna-Maria), Vowles, T. (Tage), Weijers, S. (Stef), Wilmking, M. (Martin), Wipf, S. (Sonja), and Zamin, T. (Tara)

Abstract

Motivation: The Tundra Trait Team (TTT) database includes field‐based measurements of key traits related to plant form and function at multiple sites across the tundra biome. This dataset can be used to address theoretical questions about plant strategy and trade‐offs, trait–environment relationships and environmental filtering, and trait variation across spatial scales, to validate satellite data, and to inform Earth system model parameters. Main types of variable contained: The database contains 91,970 measurements of 18 plant traits. The most frequently measured traits (> 1,000 observations each) include plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf fresh and dry mass, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus content, leaf C:N and N:P, seed mass, and stem specific density. Spatial location and grain: Measurements were collected in tundra habitats in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, including Arctic sites in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Fennoscandia and Siberia, alpine sites in the European Alps, Colorado Rockies, Caucasus, Ural Mountains, Pyrenees, Australian Alps, and Central Otago Mountains (New Zealand), and sub‐Antarctic Marion Island. More than 99% of observations are georeferenced. Time period and grain: All data were collected between 1964 and 2018. A small number of sites have repeated trait measurements at two or more time periods. Major taxa and level of measurement: Trait measurements were made on 978 terrestrial vascular plant species growing in tundra habitats. Most observations are on individuals (86%), while the remainder represent plot or site means or maximums per species. Software format: csv file and GitHub repository with data cleaning scripts in R; contribution to TRY plant trait database (www.try-db.org) to be included in the next version release.

Published
2018

39. Traditional plant functional groups explain variation in economic but not size‐related traits across the tundra biome

Author

Thomas, H.J.D., Myers-Smith, I.H., Bjorkman, A.D., Elmendorf, S.C., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Forbes, B.C., Hollister, R.D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J.S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W.K., Kattge, J., Goetz, S.J., Guay, K.C., Alatalo, J.M., Anadon‐Rosell, A., Angers‐Blondin, S., Berner, L.T., Björk, R.G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K., Siegwart Collier, L., Cooper, E.J., Eskelinen, Anu Maria, Frei, E.R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M.M.P.D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J.M.G., Hülber, K., Iturrate‐Garcia, M., Iversen, C.M., Jaroszynska, F., Johnstone, J.F., Kaarlejärvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L.J., Lévesque, E., Little, C.J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S.S., Ninot, J.M., Oberbauer, S.F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V.G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S.B., Semenchuk, P.R., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Spasojevic, M.J., Speed, J.D.M., Tape, K.D., te Beest, M., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A., Treier, U.A., Venn, S., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Zamin, T., Atkin, O.K., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Chapin III, F.S., Dainese, M., de Vries, F.T., Díaz, S., Green, W., Jackson, R.B., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü., Ozinga, W.A., Peñuelas, J., Reich, P.B., Schamp, B., Sheremetev, S., van Bodegom, P.M., Thomas, H.J.D., Myers-Smith, I.H., Bjorkman, A.D., Elmendorf, S.C., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Forbes, B.C., Hollister, R.D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J.S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W.K., Kattge, J., Goetz, S.J., Guay, K.C., Alatalo, J.M., Anadon‐Rosell, A., Angers‐Blondin, S., Berner, L.T., Björk, R.G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K., Siegwart Collier, L., Cooper, E.J., Eskelinen, Anu Maria, Frei, E.R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M.M.P.D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J.M.G., Hülber, K., Iturrate‐Garcia, M., Iversen, C.M., Jaroszynska, F., Johnstone, J.F., Kaarlejärvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L.J., Lévesque, E., Little, C.J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S.S., Ninot, J.M., Oberbauer, S.F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V.G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S.B., Semenchuk, P.R., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Spasojevic, M.J., Speed, J.D.M., Tape, K.D., te Beest, M., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A., Treier, U.A., Venn, S., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Zamin, T., Atkin, O.K., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Chapin III, F.S., Dainese, M., de Vries, F.T., Díaz, S., Green, W., Jackson, R.B., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü., Ozinga, W.A., Peñuelas, J., Reich, P.B., Schamp, B., Sheremetev, S., and van Bodegom, P.M.

Abstract

AimPlant functional groups are widely used in community ecology and earth system modelling to describe trait variation within and across plant communities. However, this approach rests on the assumption that functional groups explain a large proportion of trait variation among species. We test whether four commonly used plant functional groups represent variation in six ecologically important plant traits.LocationTundra biome.Time periodData collected between 1964 and 2016.Major taxa studied295 tundra vascular plant species.MethodsWe compiled a database of six plant traits (plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, seed mass) for tundra species. We examined the variation in species‐level trait expression explained by four traditional functional groups (evergreen shrubs, deciduous shrubs, graminoids, forbs), and whether variation explained was dependent upon the traits included in analysis. We further compared the explanatory power and species composition of functional groups to alternative classifications generated using post hoc clustering of species‐level traits.ResultsTraditional functional groups explained significant differences in trait expression, particularly amongst traits associated with resource economics, which were consistent across sites and at the biome scale. However, functional groups explained 19% of overall trait variation and poorly represented differences in traits associated with plant size. Post hoc classification of species did not correspond well with traditional functional groups, and explained twice as much variation in species‐level trait expression.Main conclusionsTraditional functional groups only coarsely represent variation in well‐measured traits within tundra plant communities, and better explain resource economic traits than size‐related traits. We recommend caution when using functional group approaches to predict tundra vegetation change, or ecosystem functions relating to plant size, su

Published
2018

40. Tundra Trait Team: A database of plant traits spanning the tundra biome

Author

Bjorkman, A.D., Myers-Smith, I.H., Elmendorf, S.C., Normand, S., Thomas, H.J.D., Alatalo, J.M., Alexander, H., Anadon‐Rosell, A., Angers‐Blondin, S., Bai, Y., Baruah, G., te Beest, M., Berner, L., Björk, R.G., Blok, D., Bruelheide, H., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K., Collier, L.S., Cooper, E.J., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Dickinson, K.J.M., Dullinger, S., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, Anu Maria, Forbes, B.C., Frei, E.R., Iturrate‐Garcia, M., Good, M.K., Grau, O., Green, P., Greve, M., Grogan, P., Haider, S., Hájek, T., Hallinger, M., Happonen, K., Harper, K.A., Heijmans, M.M.P.D., Henry, G.H.R., Hermanutz, L., Hewitt, R.E., Hollister, R.D., Hudson, J., Hülber, K., Iversen, C.M., Jaroszynska, F., Jiménez‐Alfaro, B., Johnstone, J., Jorgensen, R.H., Kaarlejärvi, E., Klady, R., Klimešová, J., Korsten, A., Kuleza, S., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L.J., Lantz, T., Lavalle, A., Lembrechts, J.J., Lévesque, E., Little, C.J., Luoto, M., Macek, P., Mack, M.C., Mathakutha, R., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Molau, U., Morgan, J.W., Mörsdorf, M.A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Schøler Nielsen, S., Ninot, J.M., Oberbauer, S.F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V.G., Petraglia, A., Pickering, C., Prevéy, J.S., Rixen, C., Rumpf, S.B., Schaepman-Strub, G., Semenchuk, P., Shetti, R., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Spasojevic, M.J., Speed, J.D.M., Street, L.E., Suding, K., Tape, K.D., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A., Treier, U.A., Tremblay, J.-P., Tremblay, M., Venn, S., Virkkala, A.-M., Bjorkman, A.D., Myers-Smith, I.H., Elmendorf, S.C., Normand, S., Thomas, H.J.D., Alatalo, J.M., Alexander, H., Anadon‐Rosell, A., Angers‐Blondin, S., Bai, Y., Baruah, G., te Beest, M., Berner, L., Björk, R.G., Blok, D., Bruelheide, H., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K., Collier, L.S., Cooper, E.J., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Dickinson, K.J.M., Dullinger, S., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, Anu Maria, Forbes, B.C., Frei, E.R., Iturrate‐Garcia, M., Good, M.K., Grau, O., Green, P., Greve, M., Grogan, P., Haider, S., Hájek, T., Hallinger, M., Happonen, K., Harper, K.A., Heijmans, M.M.P.D., Henry, G.H.R., Hermanutz, L., Hewitt, R.E., Hollister, R.D., Hudson, J., Hülber, K., Iversen, C.M., Jaroszynska, F., Jiménez‐Alfaro, B., Johnstone, J., Jorgensen, R.H., Kaarlejärvi, E., Klady, R., Klimešová, J., Korsten, A., Kuleza, S., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L.J., Lantz, T., Lavalle, A., Lembrechts, J.J., Lévesque, E., Little, C.J., Luoto, M., Macek, P., Mack, M.C., Mathakutha, R., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Molau, U., Morgan, J.W., Mörsdorf, M.A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Schøler Nielsen, S., Ninot, J.M., Oberbauer, S.F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V.G., Petraglia, A., Pickering, C., Prevéy, J.S., Rixen, C., Rumpf, S.B., Schaepman-Strub, G., Semenchuk, P., Shetti, R., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Spasojevic, M.J., Speed, J.D.M., Street, L.E., Suding, K., Tape, K.D., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A., Treier, U.A., Tremblay, J.-P., Tremblay, M., Venn, S., and Virkkala, A.-M.

Abstract

MotivationThe Tundra Trait Team (TTT) database includes field‐based measurements of key traits related to plant form and function at multiple sites across the tundra biome. This dataset can be used to address theoretical questions about plant strategy and trade‐offs, trait–environment relationships and environmental filtering, and trait variation across spatial scales, to validate satellite data, and to inform Earth system model parameters. Main types of variable containedThe database contains 91,970 measurements of 18 plant traits. The most frequently measured traits (> 1,000 observations each) include plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf fresh and dry mass, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus content, leaf C:N and N:P, seed mass, and stem specific density. Spatial location and grainMeasurements were collected in tundra habitats in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, including Arctic sites in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Fennoscandia and Siberia, alpine sites in the European Alps, Colorado Rockies, Caucasus, Ural Mountains, Pyrenees, Australian Alps, and Central Otago Mountains (New Zealand), and sub‐Antarctic Marion Island. More than 99% of observations are georeferenced. Time period and grainAll data were collected between 1964 and 2018. A small number of sites have repeated trait measurements at two or more time periods. Major taxa and level of measurementTrait measurements were made on 978 terrestrial vascular plant species growing in tundra habitats. Most observations are on individuals (86%), while the remainder represent plot or site means or maximums per species. Software formatcsv file and GitHub repository with data cleaning scripts in R; contribution to TRY plant trait database (www.try-db.org) to be included in the next version release.

Published
2018

41. Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome

Author

Bjorkman, A.D., Myers-Smith, I.H., Elmendorf, S.C., Normand, S., Rüger, N., Beck, P.S.A., Blach-Overgaard, A., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Forbes, B.C., Georges, D., Goetz, S.J., Guay, K.C., Henry, G.H.R., HilleRisLambers, J., Hollister, R.D., Karger, D.N., Kattge, J., Manning, P., Prevéy, J.S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Thomas, H.J.D., Vellend, M., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Carbognani, M., Hermanutz, L., Lévesque, E., Molau, U., Petraglia, A., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Spasojevic, M.J., Tomaselli, M., Vowles, T., Alatalo, J.M., Alexander, H.D., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., te Beest, M., Berner, L., Björk, R.G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Christie, K., Cooper, E.J., Dullinger, S., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, Anu Maria, Frei, E.R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Harper, K.A., Heijmans, M.M.P.D., Hudson, J., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C.M., Jaroszynska, F., Johnstone, J.F., Jørgensen, R.H., Kaarlejärvi, E., Klady, R., Kuleza, S., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L.J., Lantz, T., Little, C.J., Speed, J.D.M., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Schøler Nielsen, S., Ninot, J.M., van Bodegom, P.M., Bond-Lamberty, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Chapin III, F.S., Cornwell, W.K., Craine, J., Dainese, M., de Vries, F.T., Díaz, S., Enquist, B.J., Green, W., Milla, R., Niinemets, Ü., Onoda, Y., Ordoñez, J.C., Ozinga, W.A., Penuelas, J., Poorter, H., Poschlod, P., Reich, P.B., Sandel, B., Schamp, B., Sheremetev, S., Weiher, E., Bjorkman, A.D., Myers-Smith, I.H., Elmendorf, S.C., Normand, S., Rüger, N., Beck, P.S.A., Blach-Overgaard, A., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Forbes, B.C., Georges, D., Goetz, S.J., Guay, K.C., Henry, G.H.R., HilleRisLambers, J., Hollister, R.D., Karger, D.N., Kattge, J., Manning, P., Prevéy, J.S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Thomas, H.J.D., Vellend, M., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Carbognani, M., Hermanutz, L., Lévesque, E., Molau, U., Petraglia, A., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Spasojevic, M.J., Tomaselli, M., Vowles, T., Alatalo, J.M., Alexander, H.D., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., te Beest, M., Berner, L., Björk, R.G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Christie, K., Cooper, E.J., Dullinger, S., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, Anu Maria, Frei, E.R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Harper, K.A., Heijmans, M.M.P.D., Hudson, J., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C.M., Jaroszynska, F., Johnstone, J.F., Jørgensen, R.H., Kaarlejärvi, E., Klady, R., Kuleza, S., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L.J., Lantz, T., Little, C.J., Speed, J.D.M., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Schøler Nielsen, S., Ninot, J.M., van Bodegom, P.M., Bond-Lamberty, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Chapin III, F.S., Cornwell, W.K., Craine, J., Dainese, M., de Vries, F.T., Díaz, S., Enquist, B.J., Green, W., Milla, R., Niinemets, Ü., Onoda, Y., Ordoñez, J.C., Ozinga, W.A., Penuelas, J., Poorter, H., Poschlod, P., Reich, P.B., Sandel, B., Schamp, B., Sheremetev, S., and Weiher, E.

Abstract

The tundra is warming more rapidly than any other biome on Earth, and the potential ramifications are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and climate. A better understanding of how environmental factors shape plant structure and function is crucial for predicting the consequences of environmental change for ecosystem functioning. Here we explore the biome-wide relationships between temperature, moisture and seven key plant functional traits both across space and over three decades of warming at 117 tundra locations. Spatial temperature–trait relationships were generally strong but soil moisture had a marked influence on the strength and direction of these relationships, highlighting the potentially important influence of changes in water availability on future trait shifts in tundra plant communities. Community height increased with warming across all sites over the past three decades, but other traits lagged far behind predicted rates of change. Our findings highlight the challenge of using space-for-time substitution to predict the functional consequences of future warming and suggest that functions that are tied closely to plant height will experience the most rapid change. They also reveal the strength with which environmental factors shape biotic communities at the coldest extremes of the planet and will help to improve projections of functional changes in tundra ecosystems with climate warming.

Published
2018

42. Tundra Trait Team: A database of plant traits spanning the tundra biome

Author

Bjorkman, A. D., Myers-Smith, I. H., Elmendorf, S. C., Normand, S., Thomas, H. J. D., Alatalo, J. M., Alexander, H., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., Bai, Y., Baruah, G., te Beest, M., Berner, L., Björk, R. G., Blok, D., Bruelheide, H., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K., Collier, L. S., Cooper, E. J., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Dickinson, K. J. M., Dullinger, S., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, A., Forbes, B. C., Frei, E. R., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Good, M. K., Grau, O., Green, P., Greve, M., Grogan, P., Haider, S., Hájek, T., Hallinger, M., Happonen, K., Harper, K. A., Heijmans, M. M. P. D., Henry, G. H. R., Hermanutz, L., Hewitt, R. E., Hollister, R. D., Hudson, J., Hülber, K., Iversen, C. M., Jaroszynska, F., Jiménez-Alfaro, B., Johnstone, J., Jorgensen, R. H., Kaarlejärvi, E., Klady, R., Klimešová, J., Korsten, A., Kuleza, S., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L. J., Lantz, T., Lavalle, A., Lembrechts, J. J., Lévesque, E., Little, C. J., Luoto, M., Macek, P., Mack, M. C., Mathakutha, R., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Molau, U., Morgan, J. W., Mörsdorf, M. A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S. S., Ninot, J. M., Oberbauer, S. F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V. G., Petraglia, A., Pickering, C., Prevéy, J. S., Rixen, C., Rumpf, S. B., Schaepman-Strub, G., Semenchuk, P., Shetti, R., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Spasojevic, M. J., Speed, J. D. M., Street, L. E., Suding, K., Tape, K. D., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A., Treier, U. A., Tremblay, J. P., Tremblay, M., Venn, S., Virkkala, A. M., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Zamin, T., Bjorkman, A. D., Myers-Smith, I. H., Elmendorf, S. C., Normand, S., Thomas, H. J. D., Alatalo, J. M., Alexander, H., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., Bai, Y., Baruah, G., te Beest, M., Berner, L., Björk, R. G., Blok, D., Bruelheide, H., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K., Collier, L. S., Cooper, E. J., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Dickinson, K. J. M., Dullinger, S., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, A., Forbes, B. C., Frei, E. R., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Good, M. K., Grau, O., Green, P., Greve, M., Grogan, P., Haider, S., Hájek, T., Hallinger, M., Happonen, K., Harper, K. A., Heijmans, M. M. P. D., Henry, G. H. R., Hermanutz, L., Hewitt, R. E., Hollister, R. D., Hudson, J., Hülber, K., Iversen, C. M., Jaroszynska, F., Jiménez-Alfaro, B., Johnstone, J., Jorgensen, R. H., Kaarlejärvi, E., Klady, R., Klimešová, J., Korsten, A., Kuleza, S., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L. J., Lantz, T., Lavalle, A., Lembrechts, J. J., Lévesque, E., Little, C. J., Luoto, M., Macek, P., Mack, M. C., Mathakutha, R., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Molau, U., Morgan, J. W., Mörsdorf, M. A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S. S., Ninot, J. M., Oberbauer, S. F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V. G., Petraglia, A., Pickering, C., Prevéy, J. S., Rixen, C., Rumpf, S. B., Schaepman-Strub, G., Semenchuk, P., Shetti, R., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Spasojevic, M. J., Speed, J. D. M., Street, L. E., Suding, K., Tape, K. D., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A., Treier, U. A., Tremblay, J. P., Tremblay, M., Venn, S., Virkkala, A. M., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., and Zamin, T.

Abstract

Motivation: The Tundra Trait Team (TTT) database includes field-based measurements of key traits related to plant form and function at multiple sites across the tundra biome. This dataset can be used to address theoretical questions about plant strategy and trade-offs, trait–environment relationships and environmental filtering, and trait variation across spatial scales, to validate satellite data, and to inform Earth system model parameters. Main types of variable contained: The database contains 91,970 measurements of 18 plant traits. The most frequently measured traits (> 1,000 observations each) include plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf fresh and dry mass, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus content, leaf C:N and N:P, seed mass, and stem specific density. Spatial location and grain: Measurements were collected in tundra habitats in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, including Arctic sites in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Fennoscandia and Siberia, alpine sites in the European Alps, Colorado Rockies, Caucasus, Ural Mountains, Pyrenees, Australian Alps, and Central Otago Mountains (New Zealand), and sub-Antarctic Marion Island. More than 99% of observations are georeferenced. Time period and grain: All data were collected between 1964 and 2018. A small number of sites have repeated trait measurements at two or more time periods. Major taxa and level of measurement: Trait measurements were made on 978 terrestrial vascular plant species growing in tundra habitats. Most observations are on individuals (86%), while the remainder represent plot or site means or maximums per species. Software format: csv file and GitHub repository with data cleaning scripts in R; contribution to TRY plant trait database (www.try-db.org) to be included in the next version release.

Published
2018

46. Traditional plant functional groups explain variation in economic but not size‐related traits across the tundra biome

Author

Thomas, H. J. D., primary, Myers‐Smith, I. H., additional, Bjorkman, A. D., additional, Elmendorf, S. C., additional, Blok, D., additional, Cornelissen, J. H. C., additional, Forbes, B. C., additional, Hollister, R. D., additional, Normand, S., additional, Prevéy, J. S., additional, Rixen, C., additional, Schaepman‐Strub, G., additional, Wilmking, M., additional, Wipf, S., additional, Cornwell, W. K., additional, Kattge, J., additional, Goetz, S. J., additional, Guay, K. C., additional, Alatalo, J. M., additional, Anadon‐Rosell, A., additional, Angers‐Blondin, S., additional, Berner, L. T., additional, Björk, R. G., additional, Buchwal, A., additional, Buras, A., additional, Carbognani, M., additional, Christie, K., additional, Siegwart Collier, L., additional, Cooper, E. J., additional, Eskelinen, A., additional, Frei, E. R., additional, Grau, O., additional, Grogan, P., additional, Hallinger, M., additional, Heijmans, M. M. P. D., additional, Hermanutz, L., additional, Hudson, J. M. G., additional, Hülber, K., additional, Iturrate‐Garcia, M., additional, Iversen, C. M., additional, Jaroszynska, F., additional, Johnstone, J. F., additional, Kaarlejärvi, E., additional, Kulonen, A., additional, Lamarque, L. J., additional, Lévesque, E., additional, Little, C. J., additional, Michelsen, A., additional, Milbau, A., additional, Nabe‐Nielsen, J., additional, Nielsen, S. S., additional, Ninot, J. M., additional, Oberbauer, S. F., additional, Olofsson, J., additional, Onipchenko, V. G., additional, Petraglia, A., additional, Rumpf, S. B., additional, Semenchuk, P. R., additional, Soudzilovskaia, N. A., additional, Spasojevic, M. J., additional, Speed, J. D. M., additional, Tape, K. D., additional, te Beest, M., additional, Tomaselli, M., additional, Trant, A., additional, Treier, U. A., additional, Venn, S., additional, Vowles, T., additional, Weijers, S., additional, Zamin, T., additional, Atkin, O. K., additional, Bahn, M., additional, Blonder, B., additional, Campetella, G., additional, Cerabolini, B. E. L., additional, Chapin III, F. S., additional, Dainese, M., additional, de Vries, F. T., additional, Díaz, S., additional, Green, W., additional, Jackson, R. B., additional, Manning, P., additional, Niinemets, Ü., additional, Ozinga, W. A., additional, Peñuelas, J., additional, Reich, P. B., additional, Schamp, B., additional, Sheremetev, S., additional, and van Bodegom, P. M., additional

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

50. The likelihood of upper-bound construals among numeral modifiers

Author

McNabb, Y., Alexandropoulou, S., Blok, D., Bimpikou, S., Nouwen, R.W.F., LS OZ Lexion en syntaxis, and ILS LLI

Subjects
numeral modifiers, scalar implicature, experimental semantics and pragmatics
Abstract

In this paper we show that modified numerals differ with respect to the nature of the bounds they express. We examine the numeral modifiers less/fewer than, at most and up to in a series of experiments in English and Greek, and investigate to what extent these modifiers impose an upper bound. Our results indicate that the upper-bound construal that up to gives rise to is cancellable in contrast with the uncancellability of the upper-bound construal that at most and less/fewer than give rise to. This finding is compatible with an analysis that treats the upper bound of at most and less/fewer than as part of their semantic content and the upper bound of up to as a pragmatic inference. In addition, we discuss the effect of the scalar distance between possible alternatives and the modified numeral on the likelihood and strength of the upper-bound construal.

Published
2016

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results