Search

Quantification of joint space width of the ankle could provide information essential to evaluate the effects of potential disease-modifying agents and adverse effects of devices intended to ameliorate osteoarthritis elsewhere in the lower extremity. Current methods require proprietary software or have not been well validated; our purpose was to develop and assess the reliability of a digital joint space width quantification method using public access software. We studied 95 patients, asymptomatic in the ankles and without history of ankle trauma, but with symptomatic medial knee osteoarthritis, participating in an ongoing longitudinal trial. Weightbearing anteroposterior radiographs of the ankle and supine radiographs of the pelvis were assessed, and the narrowest medial and lateral tibiotalar joint space widths and hip joint space widths were measured using Image J software (US NIH, Bethesda, MD). Medial joint space widths were 2.56 +/- 0.50 and 2.55 +/- 0.48 mm, and lateral joint space widths were 2.45 +/- 0.55 and 2.44 +/- 0.52 mm, for right and left ankle, respectively. Coefficients of variation for repeat measurements by the same observer were 1.13% and 4.5%, and by different observers 7.30% and 7.27%, for medial and lateral joint space widths, respectively. Men had wider joint space widths than women when accounting for height. Joint space width of the ankle correlated with the joint space width of the hip and with height and weight, but not with age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoarthritis (OA) was considered a disease of articular cartilage but now is thought to involve the entire joint. Research findings have helped improve the understanding of disease progression and the strategies used to alter the disease course. There is no laboratory or pathological definition of OA; the diagnosis must be made clinically. The approach to treatment should be tailored to specific patients. Topical agents often are used before oral medications. NSAIDs and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors remain the mainstay of therapy. Intra-articular corticosteroid injections have been shown to provide short-term relief and several hyaluronans are available for use in knee OA. Surgery may be required; modern implants provide significant pain relief and have proved to be durable and functional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knee alignment angle, a measure of mechanical axis, has been reported to correlate with severity and progression of knee osteoarthritis. However, quantification of knee alignment often results in unacceptable reproducibility because of poor definition of landmarks and imprecise measurement techniques. We describe and validate a reproducible, sensitive method. Fourteen patients (28 knees) with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis who had full-limb radiography were evaluated. Knee alignment angle, defined as the angle formed between the mechanical axis of the femur and that of the tibia, was determined using a conventional manual technique and compared with a novel digital method using freely available Image J software to designate landmarks digitally and to determine the angles formed by the femoral and tibial axes. We found agreement between the manual and digital methods. All assessments were performed in duplicate on separate days. Using the manual method, the limits of agreement were +1.65 degrees to -1.55 degrees, yielding a minimal detectable change of approximately 1.6 degrees. However, the digital method provided limits of agreement of +0.43 degrees to -0.37 degrees resulting in a minimally detectable change of 0.4 degrees. We describe a method to reliably determine mechanical axis with precision permitting detection of differences less than 1 degrees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects that modern shoes have on gait and lower extremity joint loads in osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: Gait analyses were performed on 75 subjects with knee OA while they were wearing their everyday walking shoes and while they were walking barefoot. The trials involved optoelectronic detection of external markers during ambulation over a multicomponent force plate, and were matched for speed. Comparisons were made of gait parameters and joint loading during trials in which the subjects walked while wearing shoes and while barefoot. RESULTS: Peak joint loads at the hips and knees significantly decreased during barefoot walking, with an 11.9% reduction noted in the knee adduction moment. Stride, cadence, and range of motion at the lower extremity joints also changed significantly, but these changes could not explain the reduction in the peak joint loads. CONCLUSION: Shoes may detrimentally increase loads on the lower extremity joints. Once factors responsible for the differences in loads between with-shoe and barefoot walking are better delineated, modern shoes and walking practices may need to be reevaluated with regard to their effects on the prevalence and progression of OA in our society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Many people lack access to food stores that provide healthful food. Neighborhoods with poor supermarket access have been characterized as “food deserts” (as contrast with “food oases”). This study explored factors influencing food buying practices among residents of food deserts versus food oases in the city of Boston, USA. Methods We used the mixed-methods approach of concept mapping, which allows participants to identify, list, and organize their perceptions according to importance. Resulting maps visually illustrate priority areas. Results Sixty-seven low-income adults completed the concept mapping process that identified 163 unique statements (e.g. relating to affordability, taste, and convenience) that influence food buying practices. Multivariate statistical techniques grouped the 163 statements into 8 clusters or concepts. Results showed that average cluster ratings and rankings were similar between residents of food deserts and food oases. Conclusions The implication of this study pertains to the importance of community resources and emergency food assistance programs that have served to minimize the burden associated with hunger and poor food access among low-income, urban populations.

Abstract Background Substantial empirical evidence has demonstrated that individuals who are socially isolated or have few positive social connections seem to age at a faster rate and have more chronic diseases. Oxytocin is a neurohypophyseal hormone hypothesized to coordinate both the causes and effects of positive social interactions, and may be involved in positive physiological adaptations such as buffering the deleterious effects of stress and promoting resilience. The proposed research will examine whether and how oxytocin influences responses to stress in humans and will consider effects in relation to those of social support. Methods/Design Experimental research will be used to determine whether exogenously administered oxytocin (intranasal) influences psychological and physiological outcomes under conditions of stress across gender and age in adulthood. Hypotheses to be tested are: 1) Oxytocin ameliorates the deleterious neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and subjective effects of stress; 2) Oxytocin and social support have similar and additive stress-buffering effects; 3) Oxytocin effects are stronger in women versus men; and 4) Oxytocin effects are similar across a range of adult ages. Hypotheses will be tested with a placebo-controlled, double-blind study using a sample of healthy men and women recruited from the community. Participants are randomly assigned to receive either oxytocin or placebo. They undergo a social stress manipulation with and without social support (randomly assigned), and outcome measures are obtained at multiple times during the procedure. Discussion Understanding the determinants of healthy aging is a major public health priority and identifying effective measures to prevent or delay the onset of chronic diseases is an important goal. Experimental research on oxytocin, social relationships, and health in adulthood will contribute to the scientific knowledge base for maximizing active life and health expectancy. At conclusion of the study we will have solid evidence concerning the effects of oxytocin on stress response and whether it has similar effects across age and gender groups. A neurobiological understanding of resilience can inform efforts for both prevention and intervention of diseases or problems common in later life. Trial registration Clinical trial identification number is NCT01011465.

Objective: To analyse interrater reliability of four RheuMetric checklist 0-10 visual numerical scales (VNSs) of physician global assessment (DOCGL), inflammation or reversible findings (DOCINF), organ damage or irreversible findings (DOCDAM) and patient distress or findings explained by fibromyalgia, depression or anxiety (DOCDIS)., Methods: A retrospective study was performed of data from a rheumatology fellows' continuity clinic at Rush University. Each rheumatology patient seen in routine care with any diagnosis completed a multidimensional health assessment questionnaire (MDHAQ). Both the rheumatology fellow and attending rheumatologist independently completed RheuMetric estimates at the same visit for DOCGL, DOCINF, DOCDAM, DOCDIS and the proportion of DOCGL explained by each subglobal estimate (totalling 100%). Agreement between the two assessors was compared using paired t -tests, Spearman correlation coefficients, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), Lin's concordance correlation coefficients (LCCCs) and Bland-Altman plots., Results: In 112 patients, mean levels of DOCINF were highest in inflammatory diseases, DOCDAM in osteoarthritis (OA) and DOCDIS in primary fibromyalgia (FM). However, mean DOCDAM was as high as DOCINF in inflammatory diseases. No statistically significant differences were seen between scores from attending rheumatologists and fellows. Agreement within 2/10 ranged from 60% for DOCGL to 71% for DOICINF and DOCDAM. Spearman correlations were 0.49-0.65, ICCs were 0.46-0.63 and LCCCs were 0.46-0.62 between rheumatologist and fellow, indicating moderate agreement; reliability was slightly higher for each subglobal VNS than for DOCGL., Conclusion: RheuMetric 0-10 DOCGL, DOCINF, DOCDAM and DOCDIS have moderate interrater reliability and are feasible in routine care to estimate patient status beyond DOCGL for improved management decisions., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology.)

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are associated with similar patient disease burdens and a high prevalence of comorbid anxiety (ANX), depression (DEP), and fibromyalgia (FM). Nonetheless, these comorbidities are infrequently assessed in routine care, in part because multiple questionnaires are not feasibly completed by patients. We analyzed the prevalence of ANX, DEP, and FM in patients with OA versus patients with RA seen in routine care using indices within a single Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MDHAQ) and associations with \ Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID3) and its component function, pain, and patient global scores., Methods: A retrospective analysis of MDHAQ data in unselected patients with OA or RA receiving routine care at one setting included four indices within an MDHAQ: MDHAQ ANX screen, MDHAQ DEP screen, Fibromyalgia Assessment Screening Tool, and RAPID3. The prevalence of each comorbidity and associations with RAPID3 and components were analyzed in unadjusted and age-adjusted (Mantel-Haenszel) odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals., Results: Overall, 40.4% of 361 patients with OA and 36.3% of 488 patients with RA screened positive for ANX, DEP, and/or FM (8.1% and 7% for all three, respectively). RAPID3 and each component were elevated significantly in patients with any positive screen result for ANX, DEP, and/or FM in both diagnoses (ORs of 2.6-35.8)., Conclusion: FM, DEP, and/or ANX rates were 40.4% in patients with OA and 36.3% in patients with RA, associated with significantly poorer patient status measures. Each of these three common comorbidities of patient distress may be feasibly screened for on a single MDHAQ in routine care., (© 2024 The Author(s). ACR Open Rheumatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Rheumatology.)

Objective: To study the association between high quality of care (QOC) and quality of life (QOL) and nonroutine health care use (HCU) in systemic lupus erythematosus., Methods: Data were derived from 814 participants from the Lupus Outcomes Study sample. Data on sociodemographic information, disease status, medications, and health care variables were collected through annual interviews. QOC was measured at baseline on 13 quality indices amenable to self-report. Follow-up QOL was measured using the Short Form 36 health survey (SF-36) 2 years later. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses assessed the relationship between QOC and SF-36 scores at baseline, and logistic regression analyses evaluated QOC at baseline as a predictor of minimal clinically important difference (MCID) improvements in SF-36 scores, emergency room (ER) visits, and hospitalizations at follow-up., Results: Higher QOC was associated with worse scores on SF-36 domains on univariate analysis at baseline, which was mediated by comorbidities and high disease activity. QOC and the number of years in high QOC were not predictive of MCID improvements in SF-36 scores at follow-up, which were driven by baseline SF-36 scores, disease activity, and nonroutine HCU. A similar pattern was noted for ER visits and hospitalizations, for which disease activity, damage, and glucocorticoid dose were significant predictors and not QOC., Conclusion: High QOC at baseline and the number of years with high QOC are not associated with MCID improvement in SF-36 scores and nonroutine HCU on follow-up. High QOC, as determined by currently defined criteria, serves as a surrogate of greater disease activity, morbidity, and nonroutine HCU., (© 2022 American College of Rheumatology.)

Purpose: To assess if high quality of care (QOC) in SLE results in improved outcomes of quality of life (QOL) and non-routine health care utilization (HCU)., Methods: One hundred and forty consecutive SLE patients were recruited from the Rheumatology clinic at an academic center. Data on QOC and QOL were collected along with demographics, socio-economic, and disease characteristics at baseline. LupusPRO assessing health-related (HR) QOL and non (N)HRQOL was utilized. Follow up QOL and HCU were collected prospectively at 6 months. High QOC was defined as those meeting ≥80% of the eligible quality indicators. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed with QOC and high QOC as independent variables and HRQOL and NHRQOL as dependent variables at baseline and follow up. Multivariable models were adjusted for demographics and disease characteristics. Secondary outcomes included non-routine HCU and disease activity at follow up., Results: Baseline and follow up data on 140 and 94 patients, respectively, were analyzed. Mean (SD) performance rate (QOC) was 78.6 (13.4) with 52% patients in the high QOC group. QOC was associated with better NHRQOL at baseline and follow up but not with HRQOL. Of all the NHRQOL domains, QOC was positively associated with treatment satisfaction. QOC or high QOC were not associated with non-routine HCU and were instead associated with higher disease activity at follow up., Conclusion: Higher QOC predicted better NHRQOL by directly impacting treatment satisfaction in SLE patients in this cohort. Higher QOC, however, was not associated with HRQOL, HCU, or improvement in disease activity at follow up.

Background: Studies have elucidated the lack of competency in musculoskeletal (MSK) examination skills amongst trainees. Various modalities have been studied, however, there remains a dearth of literature regarding the effectiveness of bedside teaching versus dedicated workshops. Our aim was to determine if incorporating a workshop into a rheumatology rotation would be effective in increasing medicine residents' competency and comfort with knee examinations when compared to the rotation alone., Methods: Over 16 months, rotators were randomized to workshop plus rotation versus rotation alone. Participants were tested on their knee examination skills using an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Surveys were administered assessing to what degree the rotation was beneficial. Comfort and helpfulness were measured using a 5-point Likert scale. Paired and independent samples t-tests were used for comparisons., Results: Fifty-seven residents participated. For both groups, there were improvements between pre- and post-OSCE scores (workshop p < 0.001, no workshop p = 0.003), and levels of comfort with examination (workshop p < 0.001, no workshop p < 0.001). When comparing groups, there were differences favoring the workshop in post-OSCE score (p = < 0.001), mean change in OSCE score (p < 0.001) and mean change in comfort with knee examination (p = 0.025)., Conclusion: An elective in rheumatology augmented residents' MSK competency and comfort. Incorporation of a workshop further increased knowledge, skills and comfort with diagnosis and treatment. Current educational research focuses on alternatives to traditional methods. This study provides evidence that a multi-modal approach, combining traditional bedside and interactive models, is of benefit., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common and morbid condition. No disease-modifying therapies exist; hence the goals of current treatment are to palliate pain and to retain function. OA pain is significantly influenced by the placebo effect. Nonpharmacologic interventions are essential and have been shown to improve outcomes. Canes, unloading braces, and therapeutic heating/cooling may be valuable. Pharmacotherapy options include topical and oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, duloxetine, and periodic intra-articular glucocorticoids and hyaluronans. Opioids, intra-articular stem cells, and platelet-rich plasma are not recommended. Novel targets such as nerve growth factor are under investigation and may be approved soon for OA pain., Competing Interests: Disclosure J.A. Block: In the last 12 months, J.A. Block has received royalties for intellectual property (human chondrosarcoma cell lines) from Daiichi-Sankyo, Agios, and Omeros, and has received clinical trial funds from Novartis, Pfizer, Jannsen, and TissueGene. He served as Chair of a DSMB for Discgenics and for the NIH/KAI Research Inc., and has consulted for Bioventus, GlaxoSmithKline, and Medivir. He receives compensation as editor in chief of Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. D. Cherny has no disclosures., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)