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2. Preparation of Activated Carbons from Spent Coffee Grounds and Coffee Parchment and Assessment of Their Adsorbent Efficiency

Author

Figueroa Campos, G., Perez, J., Block, I., Sagu, S., Saravia Celis, P., Taubert, A., and Rawel, H.

Subjects
spent coffee grounds, Chemistry, parchment, Chemical technology, activated carbon, organic compounds adsorption, TP1-1185, coffee by-products, valorization, QD1-999, calcination
Abstract

The valorization of coffee wastes through modification to activated carbon has been considered as a low-cost adsorbent with prospective to compete with commercial carbons. So far, very few studies have referred to the valorization of coffee parchment into activated carbon. Moreover, low-cost and efficient activation methods need to be more investigated. The aim of this work was to prepare activated carbon from spent coffee grounds and parchment, and to assess their adsorption performance. The co-calcination processing with calcium carbonate was used to prepare the activated carbons, and their adsorption capacity for organic acids, phenolic compounds and proteins was evaluated. Both spent coffee grounds and parchment showed yields after the calcination and washing treatments of around 9.0%. The adsorption of lactic acid was found to be optimal at pH 2. The maximum adsorption capacity of lactic acid with standard commercial granular activated carbon was 73.78 mg/g, while the values of 32.33 and 14.73 mg/g were registered for the parchment and spent coffee grounds activated carbons, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm showed that lactic acid was adsorbed as a monolayer and distributed homogeneously on the surface. Around 50% of total phenols and protein content from coffee wastewater were adsorbed after treatment with the prepared activated carbons, while 44, 43, and up to 84% of hydrophobic compounds were removed using parchment, spent coffee grounds and commercial activated carbon, respectively, the adsorption efficiencies of hydrophilic compounds ranged between 13 and 48%. Finally, these results illustrate the potential valorization of coffee by-products parchment and spent coffee grounds into activated carbon and their use as low-cost adsorbent for the removal of organic compounds from aqueous solutions.

Published
2021
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8. Gravity related behavior of the acellular slime mold Physarum polycephalum (7-IML-1)

Author

Block, I

Subjects
Life Sciences (General)
Abstract

The objective of the experiment is to investigate the effect of near weightlessness on a single cell. The test object is the acellular slime mold Physarum polycephalum. This cell is composed of a network of protoplastic strands which perform rhythmic contractions in the minute range. These contractions of the strands' ectoplastic walls generate the force to drive the vigorous shuttle streaming of fluid protoplasm inside the strands (hydrostatic pressure flow). A net transport of protoplasm in one direction determines the direction of the cell's locomotion itself. In this way, gravity modifies the contraction rhythm of the strands, the streaming velocity of protoplasm in the strands, and the direction of locomotion of the whole slime mold (geotaxis). The other parts of this experiment will address the major question of how this cell, which does not possess any specialized gravireceptors, gets the information about the direction of the gravity vector. Details of the experimental setup are given.

Published
1992

13. Supportive strategies to improve adherence to IFN β-1b in multiple sclerosis - Results of the βPlus observational cohort study

Author

Pozzilli, C, Schweikert, B, Ecari, U, Oentrich, W, Benesova, Y, Fiedler, J, Meluzinova, E, Novotna, A, Pikova, J, Albrecht, W, Altmann, N, Augspach-Hofmann, R, Berdermann-Welz, S, Blodau, A, Bode, L, Böer, A, Botzler, D, Burkhardtde Boor, E, Christopher, A, Dieler, J, Domke, S, Eckhardt, U, Eder, H, Faiss, J, Fegers, S, Franz, P, Freidel, M, Haas, J, Hackebeil, C, Helfrich, S, Herzog, S, Hofmann, W, Käfferlein, W, Kausch, U, Kaya, B, Korda, W, Krumpolt, H, Luber, G, Maier, I, Mamerow, U, Müllner, E, Niedhammer, M, Oschmann, P, Ossig, W, Peschel, S, Piepenbrock, N, Rauber, A, Rauch, G, Rohrer, G, Rosenthal, A, Rüther, K, Safavi, A, Schlote, M, Schnelzer, R, Seifert, E, Seybold, J, Siefjediers, V, Siever, A, Veit, B, Wietfeld, R, Abbasyonn, T, Abdoli, M, Abolfazli, R, Airemlou, H, Alikhani, K, Ashjazadeh, N, Ashtari, F, Azarangi, D, Azarians, S, Azimi, B, Azimian, M, Beladimoghadam, N, Chitsaz, A, Etemadyfar, M, Farhoudi, M, Fayaz Nekoo, M, Ghadiri, F, Ghazvinian, S, Ghelich Nia Emrani, H, Ghorbani, A, Harirchian, M. H, Homam, M, Ilkhani, M, Khosravi, K, Lotfi, J, Malekzadeh, G, Moshiri, Z, Motamadi, M, Motamed, M. M, Nabavi, S, Nafissi, S, Najlerahim, A, Nikanfar, M, Nikkhah, K, Nikseresht, A, Noorian, A, Oraki, Z, Pashapour, A, Pourmahmoudian, H, Saadatnia, M, Sadeghi, H, Sadreddini, S, Saeidi, M, Sahraian, M, Salarjan, B, Sasannezhad, P, Seifi, J, Shahbeigi, S, Shahidi, M, Shariat, A, Shaygannejad, V, Tabatabaei, M, Togha, M, Torabi, H, Vosooghi, R, Yousefi Azarfam, J, Yousefipour, G, Block, I, Karni, A, Karussis, D, Kirshner, I, Miller, A, Milo, R, Amato, M, Annunziata, P, Assetta, M, Batocchi, A, Brescia Morra, V, Carbonin, C, Carolei, A, Catalan, M, Cavallo, R, Comi, G, Coniglio, M, Constantino, F, Costantino, C, Cottone, S, Durelli, L, Ferraro, E, Ghezzi, A, Gometto, B, Grasso, M, Greco, L, Handouk, Y, Iudice, A, Koudriautseva, T, Lugaresi, A, Maimone, D, Mannu, L, Marchioretto, F, Marrosu, M, Meola, G, Millefiorini, E, Montanari, E, Patti, F, Pauri, F, Plewnia, K, Protti, A, Reggio, A, Rottoli, M, Sinisi, L, Spitaleri, D, Tola, M. R, Abdallah, H, Eid, H, Ezzeddine, F, Jbelly, S, Khamis, C, Koussa, S, Masri, W, Sawaya, R, Serhan, A, Shatila, A. R, Souklawi, K, Sukkari, R, Tfaily, H, Traboulsi, H, Wehbi, M, Yamout, B, Hadich, M. S, Baal, M. G, Dellemyn, P, Driesen, J. J. M, Timmerhues, T. P. J, Valente, I, Abduljabar, M, Cho, K. H, Kim, J. W, Sangdoe, Y, Batue, J, Ramio, L, Benrabah, R, Couur, B, D'Gal, O, Gras, P, Guinot, H, Lemarquis, P, Munoz-Lacoste, P, Nayef, A, Vaunaize, J, Visy, J. -M, Vongsouthi, C, Chang, W. N, Tain-Junn, C, Yeh, S. J, Celebi, A, Erdemoglu, A. K, Gedizlioglu, M, Uysal Tan, F, Pozzilli C, Schweikert B, Ecari U, Oentrich W, BetaPlus Study group, Lugaresi A, Pozzilli, C, Schweikert, B, Ecari, U, Oentrich, W, and BRESCIA MORRA, Vincenzo

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Coping (psychology), Health outcomes, Medication Adherence, Cohort Studies, Multiple sclerosis, Adjuvants, Immunologic, Autoinjector, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, nurses, adherence, interferon beta-1b, multiple sclerosis, coping styles, autoinjector devices, business.industry, Interferon beta-1b, Interferon-beta, interferon beta, adherence, injection device, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Patient support, Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA, Disease factors, Neurology, Physical therapy, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, Cohort study
Abstract

Background: Low adherence to treatment in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) has been shown to lead to poor health outcomes. Various strategies to improve adherence have been suggested including educative programs, injection devices and dedicated nurse assistance. Objective: To assess the impact of elements of the patient support program on adherence; to explore disease factors affecting adherence; and to determine whether these factors influence the choices of supportive elements. Methods: A prospective, observational cohort study was conducted. MS patients were eligible if they had switched to Interferon beta-1b (IFNB-1b) between 1 and 3 months prior to inclusion. Data were collected at months 6, 12, 18 and 24 after inclusion. Adherence was defined as completion of both study protocol and medication at 24 months. Patients underwent evaluations of disability, quality of life, depression, and coping styles. Results: A total of 1077 patients from 15 countries were included, of which 61.8% were adherent to IFNB-1b after 24-months. Depression, quality of life and autoinjector devices were baseline predictors of adherence at 24-months. Coping styles did not show to have substantial impact on adherence. Lower quality of life increased the probability of choosing supportive elements. Conclusion: The study showed that the usage of autoinjector devices chosen during the study was the strongest predictor of drug adherence of all the supportive elements tested in this study. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2011

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