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The National Center for Children's Vision and Eye Health (NCCVEH) at Prevent Blindness partnered with the National Association of School Nurses (NASN) to provide guidance for school nurses responsible for screening the vision of preschool and K-12 students. Goals of this national partnership are to (1) standardize approaches to vision health, (2) facilitate follow up to eye care for students who do not pass vision screening, (3) provide family/caregiver friendly educational information, and (4) consult with leading pediatric eye care experts to promote evidence-based best practices. The NCCVEH/NASN partnership created a Vision and Eye Health page on the NASN website ( https://www.nasn.org/nasn-resources/practice-topics/vision-health ). This resource is organized according to the 12 Components of a Strong Vision Health System of Care. The 12 components emerged as the NCCVEH considered vision screening from a systems perspective. This systems perspective addresses key activities along the entire spectrum of care that supports a child's vision health-beginning with parent/caregiver education and ending with an annual evaluation of the school's vision health system. Each of these 12 components will be described in 4 installments of NASN School Nurse in 2019. This installment describes the first two components: Family Education and a Comprehensive Communication/Approval Process.

Childhood vision problems that are detected and treated early can, in many cases, see improved outcomes compared with those detected late. Untreated, these problems can diminish the learning potential of the student and have long-term health and vision implications. School nurses can play a critical role in improving student outcomes by bringing vision screenings and eye health education to their schools. NASN and the National Eye Institute are working together to elevate awareness in schools about the importance of early detection and eye health and safety. While vision screenings can catch potentially worsening issues early, eye health education can teach children to adopt safe practices at a younger age and recognize changes in their vision. There may be barriers, but nurses can find support from those in their schools and the surrounding communities.

Purpose: Several studies have examined the rates of depression in caregivers of patients with debilitating neurologic diseases. This study describes the degree of burden and the prevalence of depression among individuals caring for legally blind patients. To the best of our knowledge, no prior studies in the ophthalmic literature have reported this relationship., Design: Clinic-based, cross-sectional study., Participants: We included 522 individuals in Rampur, India, providing care to their close family relatives who were legally blind. Visual acuities varied from 20/200 in the best eye, to no light perception (NLP) in each eye., Methods: Several surveys were completed by the caregivers of patients whose sole impairment was visual, allowing us to quantitatively and selectively assess burden and depression among caregivers of blind patients., Main Outcome Measures: The Burden Index of Caregivers (BIC) was used to measure care burden and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale was applied to determine depression., Results: Caregivers of patients with NLP experience higher burden than caregivers of patients with lesser degrees of blindness. Daily hours spent on close supervision and the intensity of care-giving were the definitive factors linked to high BIC scores (P<0.01). The prevalence of caregiver depression increased with degree of visual impairment from 16% in the 20/200 group to 48% in the NLP cohort (P<0.01). Independently related variables for depression in caregivers were daily hours required for close supervision of the patient, intensity of care-giving, low household income, and the caregiver being the parent of a blind adult child (P<0.01)., Conclusions: Severity of blindness in patients directly correlated with burden in caregivers. More severe forms of blindness meant patients require more help with their activities of daily living and additional hours of close supervision per day, both of which increase care burden. The same 2 factors also increase risk of caregiver depression along with low household income and the caregiver being the parent of a blind adult child. Awareness of the extent of burden and depression among caregivers of blind individuals is required by vision health personnel to identify at risk caregivers and implement effective interventions and support strategies., (Copyright © 2012 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

This article reports on the experiences of nurse volunteers who help treat avoidable eye conditions among the world's poorest people.

The number of midlife and older adults with visual impairment is expected to double by the mid-2020s. There has been little research on low vision and blindness in the nursing literature to date. Existing studies tended to be qualitative and preliminary in nature and most had small sample sizes. The risk of visual impairment increases with age and is a common comorbidity among the aged chronically ill.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) results from the abnormal growth of blood vessels in the vascular bed supporting the developing retina. Estimated to cause up to 500 new cases of blindness in the U.S. each year, ROP affects primarily infants born at less than 1,500 g. Although its etiology is not well understood, ROP is thought to occur as a result of a complex interaction between oxygen and vascular growth factors. This article briefly reviews the history of ROP, discusses its pathophysiology, and addresses the risk factors and strategies for prevention.

The aim of this study is to explore the experiences of people with visual impairment within in-patient care. Actually, in nursing literature, no similar research is known in the German speaking area. Therefore, an qualitative research framework was used. By using a convenience sampling eight participants have been chosen. Mainly, the thematic content analysis of Burnard has been applied to the analysis of the empirical data. Mental spatial concepts for orientation, primarily acoustically made communicative resonance fields, and Action techniques constitute three major topics, which have been categorised in this study. These concepts are discussed in the cause of the research with respect to their implications on nursing care.

With proper education and careful management, patients with diabetes can minimize painful and debilitating complications. Here's how you can help them live healthier lives following diagnosis.

In this paper we wish to outline both the function and the role of projects as part of a course in "Nursing Education" (Pflegepädagogik) at the Fachhochschule Münster, as well as to present a specific project which has enabled the students to gain experience in project management and qualitative research. The project target group were visually handicapped old people for whom a guide was produced as a health promotion strategy within the framework of governmental health objectives in the state of Northrhine-Westfalia.

Objective: The number of elderly people with chronic diseases receiving ambulant nursing care in the German population is continually increasing. However, little information is available on the quality of care of elderly diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of care provided for this group by such ambulatory nursing services., Patients and Methods: All ambulant nursing services in the county of Heinsberg, North-Rhine-Westphalia, were contacted and asked to answer a standardized questionnaire. 23 of the 24 services participated in the study and provided suitable answers. The study was conducted between October 1998 and March 1999., Results: All services together took care of 337 persons with known diabetes mellitus, of whom 79.6% were female and 20.4% were male. The total diabetes prevalence among all patients was 27.2%. 231 diabetic persons (68.5%) were treated with insulin. Nurses administered insulin to 84.8% of the patients. As expected many diabetics had severe late complications (7.4% amputation, 20.8% blindness, 4.2% renal failure). In the majority of patients, blood glucose was monitored, but only occasionally, whereas urinary glucose was checked in only a few cases. Foot inspection and care were provided regularly. 115 diabetics (34.1%) had at least one hospital stay during the previous 12-months period., Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that ambulatory nursing services care mainly for insulin-treated diabetic patients in late stages of the disease. The current organisational structure not meet the requirements of modern diabetes management.

To face an hospitalization is not easy task and when the patient is a blind person it becomes still more complex, because the lack of the vision delays the person's adaptation. The nursing team works with the patient and needs fo after support on the moment of crisis. The nurse, as boss of the nursing team, needs to be qualified for intervening. This work is a case study where the authors intended to reflect about the nursing attendance offered during a blind person hospitalization. The qualitative analysis of the data based on the thematic categories model and showed that the experience of blind person hospitalization involved communication, nursing attendance, ethics, the human rights and blindness.

Deafblind UK is the association of deafblind and dual sensory impaired people in the UK. This paper presents advice on the best way to communicate with people who are disabled in this way, particularly in an emergency.

The improvement of the development in the sensitive organs is given by the process of perceiving what his taken the man to the acquaintance apprehension. The blind man runs a risk of household incident, that is common to all the normal people, but he has no access to educational process about prevention and attendance of these incidents. In a prevention and attendance course for blind people we have developed a pedagogic know-how about anatomy and physiology of the skeleton, circulation of the blood respiratory system, xonder prevention and treatment, for clearance, heart attack and respiratory stop, burned people, electrical shock, traumatism, hemorrhage, intoxication, collapse, spasm and oral medication. We have employed the human skeleton, mannequin, mould, paper, plastic tubes and mainay verbal communication and touching. The instructed contents has been applied in simulation. The know-how has shown efficiency about to be able and it has indicated by the blind people into verbalization and repetition of the proceeding and exercise.

Midwives should not express doubts about a blind woman's ability to cope but try to boost the woman's confidence and encourage her to build on her skills. The mother needs to understand that as her abdomen enlarges and her centre of gravity shifts, she may find it more difficult to assess her own body space and her relationship to other objects. Blind women appreciate continuity of care from a small number of known professionals and may prefer a home birth or domino scheme. For those who go to hospital, help with negotiating busy waiting areas, pulling up chairs and getting into bed is likely to be welcomed. The support of another blind mother is invaluable as experiences can be shared.

To provide supportive and effective care to people who must adapt to blindness or visual impairment, nurses and other health care professionals have a responsibility to be knowledgeable about the unique effect of ophthalmic disorders on the body, spirit, and mind. It is also evident that nurses must clearly understand their own emotions and social reactions to blindness and visual loss so that they can more clearly assist their clients through adaptation.

Case management is emerging in nursing as an effective and cost efficient model of care delivery for patients with complex nursing, medical, and psychosocial needs. The term "case management" first appeared in the social welfare literature in the early seventies and then later appeared in nursing literature (ANA, 1988). Nursing's concept of case management has been defined and interpreted to fit various health care settings. The purpose of this paper is to address a case management model and demonstrate through a case study how the case management model benefits the patient, the health care team, and the health care agency.

When in the full course of a sighted life an individual becomes blind, it is an end of that sighted life. However it comes, it is the end to a way of life that had become part of that person. It is the end of familiar methods of doing things. Carroll (1961) believes that it is naive, if not superficial, to think of blindness as a blow to the eyes only, to sight only. He believes that it is a destructive blow to the self-image which one has carefully, though unconsciously, constructed throughout the lifetime.