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2. A Guiding Framework for Implementing Forest Landscape Restoration in the Tropics.

Author

Sabogal, C., Blaser, J., and Mansourian, S.

Subjects
FOREST restoration, ENVIRONMENTAL health, FORESTS & forestry, FOREST resilience, TROPICAL forests
Abstract

HIGHLIGHTS In a first attempt to elaborate the principles of forest landscape restoration (FLR) into tangible steps, the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) developed guidelines in 2020 bringing together the multiple aspects and considerations required to successfully carry out an FLR project or programme. The guidelines is aimed at practitioners and is detailed without being prescriptive. The guidelines provide direction at the policy, technical and operational levels for restoring degraded (production and protection) forests and formerly forested landscapes in tropical forest biomes and should be adapted as appropriate according to national and local circumstances. The guidelines and case studies provided therein can be used by policymakers and stakeholders to generate or streamline public (institutional) and market incentives needed to scale up FLR, given that many benefits stemming from restoration have no short-term market value. Further work to test and apply these guidelines would be useful. Interest in forest landscape restoration (FLR) is high, but there is limited guidance on how to implement it. In this contribution, we aim to synthesise the salient points of the voluntary FLR guidelines developed by ITTO (2020) and demonstrate their application through three case studies. The objectives of the ITTO guidelines are to increase the positive contributions of trees and forests to the ecological health, productivity and resilience of tropical forest landscapes and to generate forest products. The guidelines elaborate on the six principles of the Global Partnership on FLR, through a set of 32 guiding elements (GE) intended to promote enabling conditions for successful FLR implementation and outcomes. Going forward, we propose three tangible mechanisms to improve use of the guidelines: 1) bringing key elements of the guidelines into other global conventions interested in restoration; 2) running regional capacity building workshops for middle-level practitioners and decision-makers; and 3) a mechanism to collect lessons emerging from their implementation. L'intérêt dans la restauration du paysage forestier (RPF) est élevé mais les lignes directrices quant à son application sont limitées. Nous cherchons par cette contribution à synthétiser les points majeurs des lignes directrices pour la RPF volontaire développées par l'OIBT (2020) et à démontrer leur application dans trois cas d'étude. Les objectifs de ces lignes directrices de l'OIBT sont d'accroître les contributions positives des arbres et des forêts à la santé écologique, la productivité et la durabilité des paysages des forêts tropicales et de leur potentiel à générer des produits forestiers. Ces lignes directrices élaborent les six principes de partenariat global dans le domaine de la RPF a l'aide d'un éventail de 32 conseils visant à promouvoir des conditions à même d'assurer le succès de la mise en pratique de la RPF ainsi que celui de ses résultats. En regardant vers le futur, nous proposons trois mécanismes tangibles pour améliorer leurs mise en pratique: 1) transférer des éléments-clé des lignes directrices vers d'autres conventions globales intéressées par la restauration, 2) offrir des ateliers régionaux pour accroître la capacité des praticiens et des preneurs de décision à moyenne échelle et, 3) un mécanisme pour compiler les leçons tirées de leur mise en pratique. El interés por la restauración del paisaje forestal (RPF) es elevado, pero la orientación sobre cómo aplicarla es limitada. En esta contribución se pretende sintetizar los puntos más destacados de las directrices voluntarias sobre RPF elaboradas por la OIMT (2020) y demostrar su aplicación a través de tres estudios de caso. Los objetivos de las directrices de la OIMT son aumentar las contribuciones positivas de los árboles y los bosques a la salud ecológica, la productividad y la resiliencia de los paisajes forestales tropicales y generar productos forestales. Las directrices desarrollan los seis principios de la Alianza Global para la RPF, a través de un conjunto de 32 elementos rectores destinados a promover las condiciones propicias para la implementación exitosa de la RPF y sus resultados. De cara al futuro, se proponen tres mecanismos tangibles: 1) la incorporación de elementos clave de las directrices a otros convenios mundiales interesados en la restauración; 2) la organización de talleres regionales de fomento de capacidades para profesionales de nivel medio y responsables de la toma de decisiones; y 3) un mecanismo para recopilar las lecciones que surjan de su aplicación. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Strategy games to improve environmental policymaking

Author

Garcia, C.A., Savilaakso, S., Verburg, R.W., Stoudmann, N., Fernbach, P., Sloman, S.A., Peterson, G.D., Araújo, M.B., Bastin, J.-F., Blaser, J., Boutinot, L., Crowther, T.W., Dessard, H., Dray, A., Francisco, S., Ghazoul, J., Feintrenie, L., Hainzelin, E., Kleinschroth, F., Naimi, B., Novotny, I.P., Oszwald, J., Pietsch, S., Quétier, F., Robinson, B.E., Sassen, M., Sist, P., Sunderland, T., Vermeulen, C., Wilmé, L., Wilson, S.J., Zorondo-Rodríguez, F., Waeber, P.O., Garcia, C.A., Savilaakso, S., Verburg, R.W., Stoudmann, N., Fernbach, P., Sloman, S.A., Peterson, G.D., Araújo, M.B., Bastin, J.-F., Blaser, J., Boutinot, L., Crowther, T.W., Dessard, H., Dray, A., Francisco, S., Ghazoul, J., Feintrenie, L., Hainzelin, E., Kleinschroth, F., Naimi, B., Novotny, I.P., Oszwald, J., Pietsch, S., Quétier, F., Robinson, B.E., Sassen, M., Sist, P., Sunderland, T., Vermeulen, C., Wilmé, L., Wilson, S.J., Zorondo-Rodríguez, F., and Waeber, P.O.

Abstract

While the scientific community documents environmental degradation and develops scenarios to identify the operational margins of system Earth, less attention is given to how decisions are made that steer the system in one direction or the other. We propose to use strategy games for this purpose, increasing the representation of human agency in scenario development and creating spaces for deliberation between different worldviews. Played by the right people, strategy games could help break free from established norms and support more transparent democratic dialogues, responding to the human and social limitations of current decision-making. The question is, who gets to play?

Published
2022

7. Detecting and describing heterogeneity in health care cost trajectories among asylum seekers

Author

Tzogiou, C., Spycher, J., Bize, R., Sanchis Zozaya, J., Blaser, J., Pahud Vermeulen, B., Felappi, A., Bodenmann, P., and Marti, J.

Subjects
Adult, Transients and Migrants, Refugees, Health Policy, Health care utilization, 362.1041: Gesundheitsökonomie, Health Care Costs, Recipients of emergency aid, Health care cost trajectory, Asylum seeker, Delivery of Health Care, Humans, Referral and Consultation, Asylum seekers, Health care cost trajectories, Switzerland
Abstract

BackgroundThe mechanism underlying the health care cost trajectories among asylum seekers is not well understood. In the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, a nurse-led health care and medical Network for Migrant Health (“Réseau santé et migration” RESAMI) has established a health care model focusing on the first year after arrival of asylum seekers, called the “community health phase”. This model aims to provide tailored care and facilitate integration into the Swiss health care system. The aim of this study is to explore different health care cost trajectories among asylum seekers during this phase and identify the associated factors.MethodsWe detected different patterns of health care cost trajectories using time-series clustering of longitudinal data of asylum seekers in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. These data included all adult asylum seekers and recipients of emergency aid who entered the canton between 2012 and 2015 and were followed until 2018. The different clusters of health care cost trajectories were then described using a multinomial logistic regression model.ResultsWe identified a concave, an upward trending, and a downward trending cluster of health care cost trajectories with different characteristics being associated with each cluster. The likelihood of being in the concave cluster is positively associated with coming from the Eastern Mediterranean region or Africa rather than Europe and with a higher share of consultations with an interpreter. The likelihood of being in the upward trending cluster, which accrued the highest costs, is positively associated with 20–24-year-olds rather than older individuals, coming from Europe than any other region and having a mental disorder. In contrast to the other two clusters, the likelihood of being in the downward trending cluster is positively associated with having contacted the RESAMI network within the first month after arrival, which might indicate the potential of early intervention. It is also positively associated with older age and living in a group lodge.ConclusionsAsylum seekers are heterogeneous in terms of health care cost trajectories. Exploring these differences can help point to possible ways to improve the care and supporting services provided to asylum seekers. Our findings could indicate that early and patient-centered interventions might be well-suited to this aim.

Published
2022

11. STEP (satellite test of the equivalence principle)

Author

Sumner, T.J., Anderson, J., Blaser, J.-P., Cruise, A.M., Damour, T., Dittus, H., Everitt, C.W.F., Foulon, B., Jafry, Y., Kent, B.J., Lockerbie, N., Loeffler, F., Mann, G., Mester, J., Pegrum, C., Reinhardt, R., Sandford, M., Scheicher, A., Speake, C.C., Torii, R., Theil, S., Touboul, P., Vitale, S., Vodel, W., and Worden, P.W.

Published
2007
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22. Bacterial concentrations in pus and infected peritoneal fluid--implications for bactericidal activity of antibiotics

Author

König, C., Simmen, H P., and Blaser, J.

Abstract

Little is known about how many bacteria are present at an infectious focus at the onset of antibiotic therapy. The number of cfu was determined in pus and infected peritoneal fluids obtained from 41 patients. Pathogens were detected in 71% of specimens. There were high concentrations of bacteria in culture-positive samples, in both soft-tissue and peritoneal infections, averaging 2 x 10(8) cfu/mL. These concentrations were much higher than the standard inoculum size used in in-vitro susceptibility tests, 5 x 10(5) cfu/mL. The impact of this discrepancy on antibacterial efficacy was studied with amikacin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem and piperacillin against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The inhibitory and bactericidal activities of amikacin and ciprofloxacin determined with high inocula were two to four times lower than with standard inocula, whereas the activity of piperacillin was diminished at least 128-fold. Similar activity was observed with these drugs in Mueller-Hinton broth and peritoneal fluid. The bactericidal activity of imipenem was reduced in peritoneal fluid. Thus, conditions prevailing at the infection site may compromise antibiotic activity determined in vitro

Published
2017

23. Novel resistance to imipenem associated with an altered PBP-4 in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate

Author

Bellido, F., Veuthey, C., Blaser, J., Banernfeind, A., and Pechére, J. C.

Subjects
polycyclic compounds, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition
Abstract

A Pseudomonas aeruginosa (isolate 416) from a patient with pneumonia, was initially susceptible to imipenem (MIC: 2 mg/l) but became resistant to this antibiotic (isolate 470, MIC: 32 mg/l) during imipenem therapy. Treatment failed. No parallel increases in MIC were observed for other antimicrobials tested. Isolates 416 and 470 shared the same pyocin type and serotype, produced small amounts of an inducible β-lactamase, and had similar lipopolysaccharide compositions. On electrophoresis of outer membrane proteins, the porin F, identified by the monoclonal antibody MA4-4, was expressed similarly by the two isolates but the production of one band (apparent molecular weight 47,000) was diminished in isolate 470. [14C]-Imipenem labelling of intact cells proceeded more slowly in 470 than in 416, especially when bacterial cells were treated by antibody MA4-4 to block the porin F channel. [14C]-Imipenem labelling of penicillin binding proteins (PBP) showed that the band identified as PBP-4 bound markedly less radioactivity in isolate 470 than in 416. After isolate 470 was passaged several times in antibiotic-free broth, the imipenem MIC was decreased from 32 to 8 mg/l, and the [14C]-imipenem PBP pattern recovered the initial profile as exhibited by isolate 416. Two resistance mechanisms, affecting imipenem electively, could have combined their effect in the post-therapy isolate, altered target protein and reduced permeability

Published
2017

24. STEP: Satellite Test of the Equivalence Principle. Report on the phase A study

Author

Blaser, J. P, Bye, M, Cavallo, G, Damour, T, Everitt, C. W. F, Hedin, A, Hellings, R. W, Jafry, Y, Laurance, R, and Lee, M

Subjects
Astronautics (General)
Abstract

During Phase A, the STEP Study Team identified three types of experiments that can be accommodated on the STEP satellite within the mission constraints and whose performance is orders of magnitude better than any present or planned future experiment of the same kind on the ground. The scientific objectives of the STEP mission are to: test the Equivalence Principle to one part in 10(exp 17), six orders of magnitude better than has been achieved on the ground; search for a new interaction between quantum-mechanical spin and ordinary matter with a sensitivity of the mass-spin coupling constant g(sub p)g(sub s) = 6 x 10(exp -34) at a range of 1 mm, which represents a seven order-of-magnitude improvement over comparable ground-based measurements; and determine the constant of gravity G with a precision of one part in 10(exp 6) and to test the validity of the inverse square law with the same precision, both two orders of magnitude better than has been achieved on the ground.

Published
1993

31. Impact of electronic reminders on venous thromboprophylaxis after admissions and transfers

Author

Beeler, P E., Eschmann, E., Schumacher, A., Studt, J-D, Amann-Vesti, B., Blaser, J., Beeler, P E., Eschmann, E., Schumacher, A., Studt, J-D, Amann-Vesti, B., and Blaser, J.

Abstract

Objective Clinical decision support has the potential to improve prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The purpose of this prospective study was to analyze the effect of electronic reminders on thromboprophylaxis rates in wards to which patients were admitted and transferred. The latter was of particular interest since patient handoffs are considered to be critical safety issues. Methods The trial involved two study periods in the six departments of a university hospital, three of which were randomly assigned to the intervention group displaying reminders during the second period. At 6 h after admission or transfer, the algorithm checked for prophylaxis orders within 0-30 h of the patient's arrival, increasing the specificity of the displayed reminders. Results The significant impact of the reminders could be seen by prophylaxis orders placed 6-24 h after admission (increasing from 8.6% (223/2579) to 12% (307/2555); p<0.0001) and transfer (increasing from 2.4% (39/1616) to 3.7% (63/1682); p=0.034). In admission wards, the rate of thromboprophylaxis increased from 62.4% to 67.7% (p<0.0001), and in transfer wards it increased from 80.2% to 84.3% (p=0.0022). Overall, the rate of prophylaxis significantly increased in the intervention group from 69.2% to 74.3% (p<0.0001). No significant changes were observed in the control group. Postponing prophylaxis checks to 6 h after admissions and transfers reduced the number of reminders by 62% and thereby minimized the risk of alert fatigue. Conclusions The reminders improved awareness of VTE prevention in both admission and transfer wards. This approach may contribute to better quality of care and safer patient handoffs

Published
2017

32. Computer-controlled in-vitro simulation of multiple dosing regimens

Author

Ledergerber, B., Blaser, J., Lüthy, R., Ledergerber, B., Blaser, J., and Lüthy, R.

Abstract

The bactericidal effect of gentarrucin on Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 was investigated in a computer controlled dynamic in-vitro model, which allows the simultaneous simulation of three different dosing regimens for several days. The same total dose reduced cfu-counts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa most effectively, when administered with peak concentrations of 32 mg/l every 32 h, whereas the other dosing regimens with peak concentrations of 16 mg/l every 16 h and 8 mg/l every 8 h were distinctly less effective following the second and subsequent doses. It was shown that the use of a microcomputer facilitates the in-vitro investigation of multiple dosing regimens but counting of cfu cannot be substituted by automatic measurements of turbidity when rapid bactericidal effects occur

Published
2017

33. Role of Amoxicillin Serum Levels for Successful Prophylaxis of Experimental Endocarditis Due to Tolerant Streptococci

Author

Fluckiger, U., Francioli, P., Blaser, J., Glauser, M. P., Moreillon, Ph, Fluckiger, U., Francioli, P., Blaser, J., Glauser, M. P., and Moreillon, Ph

Abstract

The importance of amoxicillin serum profiles for successful prophylaxis of experimental endocarditis in rats was assessed. Animals with catheter-induced vegetations were challenged intravenously with large inocula of Streptococcus sanguis and received one of the following amoxicillin dosages: single or multiple bolus injection of 40 mg/kg; 40 mg/kg administered as a continuous infusion over 12 h; or either 9 or 18 mg/kg administered over 12 or 24 h, respectively. The regimen producing a single transient high peak serum level failed to prevent experimental endocarditis; in contrast, a second injection 6 h after the first resulted in successful prophylaxis. Likewise, the three regimens of continuous, relatively low-dose regimens prevented infections. Thus, the most important parameter for successful prophylaxis was the duration of inhibitory concentration of the drug in the serum. The total dose of antibiotic, the peak serum levels, or the area-under-the-curve values were not predictive of successful prophylaxis

Published
2017

34. Human pharmacology of 5-epi-sisomicin (Sch 22591) following intramuscular administration

Author

Blaser, J., M¨nch, R., Lüthy, R., Blaser, J., M¨nch, R., and Lüthy, R.

Abstract

5-epi-sisomicin was given as a single intramuscular injection of 1 mg/kg to six healthy male adults. Serum peak concentrations averaged 3.07 mg/l, the mean elimination half life was 179 min and the mean 24 h urinary recovery was 85.3%. Local and systemic tolerance was good

Published
2017

35. Risikofaktoren für chirurgische Komplikationen nach Appendektomie in Deutschland: Analyse einer Krankenversicherungsdatenbank

Author

Gosemann, JH, Lange, A, Zeidler, J, Blaser, J, Dingemann, C, Ure, BM, and Lacher, M

Subjects
ddc: 610, 610 Medical sciences, Medicine
Abstract

Einleitung: In Deutschland werden Kinder mit akuter Appendizitis sowohl durch Allgemeinchirurgen (ACH) und Kinderchirurgen (KCH) in offen chirurgischer als auch laparoskopischer Technik operiert. Als Ursache für chirurgische Komplikationen werden verschiedene Faktoren diskutiert. Ziel dieser Studie[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 132. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie

Published
2015
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36. Spracherkennung im klinischen Alltag, ein Pilotversuch am Universitätsspital Zürich

Author

Blaser J and Licht A

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

Deux logiciels de dictée en langue allemande ont été étudiés dans une division de médecine interne. L'acuité de reconnaissance a pu être améliorée de 92–94% par des optimalisations successives durant un mois, de 97% pour des lettres courtes standardisées et des textes qui se répètent. Le temps de production pour les médecins pour les lettres de sortie complètes est resté inchangé par opposition aux lettres courtes. Cependant, toutes les lettres étaient plus rapidement disponibles. Les expériences de cet essai-pilote ont permis de documenter des difficultés d'ordre pratique qui limitent à l'heure actuelle l'utilisation à grande échelle de cette technologie à l'hôpital. Les conditions principales sont, en plus d'un logiciel adéquat, un choix judicieux des domaines d'application, un environnement calme et un utilisateur motivé.

Published
2002
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37. Fibular Mass in a 28-Year-Old Man

Author

J D Pitcher, Blaser J, Sweet De, R Youngberg, and Coons Da

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Periosteum, business.industry, Bone Neoplasms, Soft Tissue Neoplasms, General Medicine, Anatomy, Lipoma, medicine.disease, Lower limb, Surgery, Diagnosis, Differential, medicine.anatomical_structure, Fibula, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Histopathology, business
Published
2000
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40. Buchbesprechungen

Author

Roth-Desmeules, E., Weber, H., Ziegler, H., Baldinger, E., Rutishauser, H., Weber, M., Blaser, J. -P., and Jost, Res

Published
1962
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44. Establishing CAISIS for biobank projects at the University Hospital Zurich

Author

Blaser J, Hoerstrup, Warth R, Zeissberger Sm, Schraml P, Simeon-Dubach D, and Dürsteler M

Subjects
Library science, University hospital
Abstract

Steffen M. Zeisbergera,b, Max Durstelerc, Rainer Warthd, Peter Schramle, Daniel Simeon-Dubachd, Simon P. Hoerstrupa,b, Jurg Blaserf a Zentrum Regenerative Medizin (ZRM), UniversitatsSpital Zurich (USZ) und Universitat Zurich (UZH), b Forschung Chirurgie, Herzchirurgie, Univer sitatsSpital Zurich (USZ) c Direktion ICT, UniversitatsSpital Zurich (USZ) d biobank-suisse (BBS), Bern e Institut Klinische Pathologie, UniversitatsSpital Zurich (USZ) f Forschungszentrum Medizininformatik Direktion F&L, UniversitatsSpital Zurich (USZ)

Published
2011
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