Search

Abstract Background Lactococcus garvieae is a bacterial pathogen that affects different animal species in addition to humans. Despite the widespread distribution and emerging clinical significance of L. garvieae in both veterinary and human medicine, there is almost a complete lack of knowledge about the genetic content of this microorganism. In the present study, the genomic content of L. garvieae CECT 4531 was analysed using bioinformatics tools and microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) experiments. Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IL1403 and Streptococcus pneumoniae TIGR4 were used as reference microorganisms. Results The combination and integration of in silico analyses and in vitro CGH experiments, performed in comparison with the reference microorganisms, allowed establishment of an inter-species hybridization framework with a detection threshold based on a sequence similarity of ≥ 70%. With this threshold value, 267 genes were identified as having an analogue in L. garvieae, most of which (n = 258) have been documented for the first time in this pathogen. Most of the genes are related to ribosomal, sugar metabolism or energy conversion systems. Some of the identified genes, such as als and mycA, could be involved in the pathogenesis of L. garvieae infections. Conclusions In this study, we identified 267 genes that were potentially present in L. garvieae CECT 4531. Some of the identified genes could be involved in the pathogenesis of L. garvieae infections. These results provide the first insight into the genome content of L. garvieae.

We present here an efficient and simple method for the N-alkylation of aromatic cyclic imides employing cesium carbonate as the base in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide at low temperatures (20-70 °C). The employment of microwave irradiation presents noteworthy advantages over conventional heating. The method is compatible with base labile functional groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The behaviour of a series of N-substituted 3,4-pyridinedicarboximides under electron impact at 70 eV is analyzed. Compounds under study were divided into three groups: 3,4-pyridinedicarboximidoacetic, β-3,4-pyridinedicarboximidopropionic and γ-3,4-pyridinedicarboximidobutyric acid derivatives (compounds 1, 2 and 3 respectively), which in turn determine the dominant fragmentations. The proposed fragmentation patterns are supported by HRMS and tandem mass spectrometry. Results are in some cases compared to data from the related 2,3-pyridinedicarboximides 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]