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1. From soil to sequence: filling the critical gap in genome-resolved metagenomics is essential to the future of soil microbial ecology

Author

Anthony, Winston E., Allison, Steven D., Broderick, Caitlin M., Chavez Rodriguez, Luciana, Clum, Alicia, Cross, Hugh, Eloe-Fadrosh, Emiley, Evans, Sarah, Fairbanks, Dawson, Gallery, Rachel, Gontijo, Júlia Brandão, Jones, Jennifer, McDermott, Jason, Pett-Ridge, Jennifer, Record, Sydne, Rodrigues, Jorge Luiz Mazza, Rodriguez-Reillo, William, Shek, Katherine L., Takacs-Vesbach, Tina, and Blanchard, Jeffrey L.

Published
2024
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2. Expansion of the global RNA virome reveals diverse clades of bacteriophages

Author

Neri, Uri, Wolf, Yuri I, Roux, Simon, Camargo, Antonio Pedro, Lee, Benjamin, Kazlauskas, Darius, Chen, I Min, Ivanova, Natalia, Allen, Lisa Zeigler, Paez-Espino, David, Bryant, Donald A, Bhaya, Devaki, Consortium, RNA Virus Discovery, Narrowe, Adrienne B, Probst, Alexander J, Sczyrba, Alexander, Kohler, Annegret, Séguin, Armand, Shade, Ashley, Campbell, Barbara J, Lindahl, Björn D, Reese, Brandi Kiel, Roque, Breanna M, DeRito, Chris, Averill, Colin, Cullen, Daniel, Beck, David AC, Walsh, David A, Ward, David M, Wu, Dongying, Eloe-Fadrosh, Emiley, Brodie, Eoin L, Young, Erica B, Lilleskov, Erik A, Castillo, Federico J, Martin, Francis M, LeCleir, Gary R, Attwood, Graeme T, Cadillo-Quiroz, Hinsby, Simon, Holly M, Hewson, Ian, Grigoriev, Igor V, Tiedje, James M, Jansson, Janet K, Lee, Janey, VanderGheynst, Jean S, Dangl, Jeff, Bowman, Jeff S, Blanchard, Jeffrey L, Bowen, Jennifer L, Xu, Jiangbing, Banfield, Jillian F, Deming, Jody W, Kostka, Joel E, Gladden, John M, Rapp, Josephine Z, Sharpe, Joshua, McMahon, Katherine D, Treseder, Kathleen K, Bidle, Kay D, Wrighton, Kelly C, Thamatrakoln, Kimberlee, Nusslein, Klaus, Meredith, Laura K, Ramirez, Lucia, Buee, Marc, Huntemann, Marcel, Kalyuzhnaya, Marina G, Waldrop, Mark P, Sullivan, Matthew B, Schrenk, Matthew O, Hess, Matthias, Vega, Michael A, O’Malley, Michelle A, Medina, Monica, Gilbert, Naomi E, Delherbe, Nathalie, Mason, Olivia U, Dijkstra, Paul, Chuckran, Peter F, Baldrian, Petr, Constant, Philippe, Stepanauskas, Ramunas, Daly, Rebecca A, Lamendella, Regina, Gruninger, Robert J, McKay, Robert M, Hylander, Samuel, Lebeis, Sarah L, Esser, Sarah P, Acinas, Silvia G, Wilhelm, Steven S, Singer, Steven W, Tringe, Susannah S, Woyke, Tanja, Reddy, TBK, Bell, Terrence H, Mock, Thomas, McAllister, Tim, and Thiel, Vera

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Infectious Diseases, Genetics, Biotechnology, Microbiome, Infection, Bacteriophages, DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases, Genome, Viral, Phylogeny, RNA, RNA Viruses, RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase, Virome, RNA Virus Discovery Consortium, Bactriophage, Functional protein annotation, Metatranscriptomics, RNA Virus, RNA dependent RNA polymerase, Viral Ecology, Virus, Virus - Host prediction, viral phylogeny, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

High-throughput RNA sequencing offers broad opportunities to explore the Earth RNA virome. Mining 5,150 diverse metatranscriptomes uncovered >2.5 million RNA virus contigs. Analysis of >330,000 RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRPs) shows that this expansion corresponds to a 5-fold increase of the known RNA virus diversity. Gene content analysis revealed multiple protein domains previously not found in RNA viruses and implicated in virus-host interactions. Extended RdRP phylogeny supports the monophyly of the five established phyla and reveals two putative additional bacteriophage phyla and numerous putative additional classes and orders. The dramatically expanded phylum Lenarviricota, consisting of bacterial and related eukaryotic viruses, now accounts for a third of the RNA virome. Identification of CRISPR spacer matches and bacteriolytic proteins suggests that subsets of picobirnaviruses and partitiviruses, previously associated with eukaryotes, infect prokaryotic hosts.

Published
2022

3. Thousands of small, novel genes predicted in global phage genomes

Author

Fremin, Brayon J, Bhatt, Ami S, Kyrpides, Nikos C, Consortium, Global Phage Small Open Reading Frame, Sengupta, Aditi, Sczyrba, Alexander, da Silva, Aline Maria, Buchan, Alison, Gaudin, Amelie, Brune, Andreas, Hirsch, Ann M, Neumann, Anthony, Shade, Ashley, Visel, Axel, Campbell, Barbara, Baker, Brett, Hedlund, Brian P, Crump, Byron C, Currie, Cameron, Kelly, Charlene, Craft, Chris, Hazard, Christina, Francis, Christopher, Schadt, Christopher W, Averill, Colin, Mobilian, Courtney, Buckley, Dan, Hunt, Dana, Noguera, Daniel, Beck, David, Valentine, David L, Walsh, David, Sumner, Dawn, Lymperopoulou, Despoina, Bhaya, Devaki, Bryant, Donald A, Morrison, Elise, Brodie, Eoin, Young, Erica, Lilleskov, Erik, Högfors-Rönnholm, Eva, Chen, Feng, Stewart, Frank, Nicol, Graeme W, Teeling, Hanno, Beller, Harry R, Dionisi, Hebe, Liao, Hui-Ling, Beman, J Michael, Stegen, James, Tiedje, James, Jansson, Janet, VanderGheynst, Jean, Norton, Jeanette, Dangl, Jeff, Blanchard, Jeffrey, Bowen, Jennifer, Macalady, Jennifer, Pett-Ridge, Jennifer, Rich, Jeremy, Payet, Jérôme P, Gladden, John D, Raff, Jonathan D, Klassen, Jonathan L, Tarn, Jonathan, Neufeld, Josh, Gravuer, Kelly, Hofmockel, Kirsten, Chen, Ko-Hsuan, Konstantinidis, Konstantinos, DeAngelis, Kristen M, Partida-Martinez, Laila P, Meredith, Laura, Chistoserdova, Ludmila, Moran, Mary Ann, Scarborough, Matthew, Schrenk, Matthew, Sullivan, Matthew, David, Maude, O'Malley, Michelle A, Medina, Monica, Habteselassie, Mussie, Ward, Nicholas D, Pietrasiak, Nicole, Mason, Olivia U, Sorensen, Patrick O, de los Santos, Paulina Estrada, Baldrian, Petr, McKay, R Michael, Simister, Rachel, Stepanauskas, Ramunas, Neumann, Rebecca, Malmstrom, Rex, Cavicchioli, Ricardo, Kelly, Robert, Hatzenpichler, Roland, Stocker, Roman, Cattolico, Rose Ann, Ziels, Ryan, and Vilgalys, Rytas

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genetics, Human Genome, Biotechnology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Generic health relevance, Bacteriophages, Genome, Viral, Genomics, Microbiota, Phylogeny, Global Phage Small Open Reading Frame (GP-SmORF) Consortium, CP: Microbiology, MetaRibo-Seq, comparative genomics, gene families, microbiome, phage, sORFs, small genes, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Physiology, Biological sciences
Abstract

Small genes (40,000 small-gene families in ∼2.3 million phage genome contigs. We find that small genes in phage genomes are approximately 3-fold more prevalent than in host prokaryotic genomes. Our approach enriches for small genes that are translated in microbiomes, suggesting the small genes identified are coding. More than 9,000 families encode potentially secreted or transmembrane proteins, more than 5,000 families encode predicted anti-CRISPR proteins, and more than 500 families encode predicted antimicrobial proteins. By combining homology and genomic-neighborhood analyses, we reveal substantial novelty and diversity within phage biology, including small phage genes found in multiple host phyla, small genes encoding proteins that play essential roles in host infection, and small genes that share genomic neighborhoods and whose encoded proteins may share related functions.

Published
2022

4. Carboxysomes, Structure and Function

Author

Blanchard, Jeffrey, Abdul-Rahman, Farah, Gargaud, Muriel, editor, Irvine, William M., editor, Amils, Ricardo, editor, Claeys, Philippe, editor, Cleaves, Henderson James, editor, Gerin, Maryvonne, editor, Rouan, Daniel, editor, Spohn, Tilman, editor, Tirard, Stéphane, editor, and Viso, Michel, editor

Published
2023
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5. Project Assessment for Biological and Environmental Research: Report from the BER Advisory Committee

Author

Pakrasi, Himadri, primary, Ajo-Franklin, Caroline, additional, Donner, Leo, additional, Argueso, Cris, additional, Gonzalez-Cruz, Jorge, additional, Jones Prather, Kristala, additional, Assmann, Sarah, additional, Hungate, Bruce, additional, Schmutz, Jeremy, additional, Basso, Bruno, additional, Juenger, Thomas, additional, Segre, Daniel, additional, Blanchard, Jeffrey, additional, Liu, Xiaohong, additional, Shupe, Matthew, additional, Chiao, Sen, additional, Marshall, Wallace, additional, Delamere, Jennifer, additional, Pawlowska, Teresa, additional, Taufer, Michela, additional, Fields, Matthew, additional, Petch, Jon, additional, Zeng, Xubin, additional, and Fridlind, Ann, additional

Published
2024
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6. Thousands of small, novel genes predicted in global phage genomes

Author

Sengupta, Aditi, Sczyrba, Alexander, Maria da Silva, Aline, Buchan, Alison, Gaudin, Amelie, Brune, Andreas, Hirsch, Ann M., Neumann, Anthony, Shade, Ashley, Visel, Axel, Campbell, Barbara, Baker, Brett, Hedlund, Brian P., Crump, Byron C., Currie, Cameron, Kelly, Charlene, Craft, Chris, Hazard, Christina, Francis, Christopher, Schadt, Christopher W., Averill, Colin, Mobilian, Courtney, Buckley, Dan, Hunt, Dana, Noguera, Daniel, Beck, David, Valentine, David L., Walsh, David, Sumner, Dawn, Lymperopoulou, Despoina, Bhaya, Devaki, Bryant, Donald A., Morrison, Elise, Brodie, Eoin, Young, Erica, Lilleskov, Erik, Högfors-Rönnholm, Eva, Chen, Feng, Stewart, Frank, Nicol, Graeme W., Teeling, Hanno, Beller, Harry R., Dionisi, Hebe, Liao, Hui-Ling, Beman, J. Michael, Stegen, James, Tiedje, James, Jansson, Janet, VanderGheynst, Jean, Norton, Jeanette, Dangl, Jeff, Blanchard, Jeffrey, Bowen, Jennifer, Macalady, Jennifer, Pett-Ridge, Jennifer, Rich, Jeremy, Payet, Jérôme P., Gladden, John D., Raff, Jonathan D., Klassen, Jonathan L., Tarn, Jonathan, Neufeld, Josh, Gravuer, Kelly, Hofmockel, Kirsten, Chen, Ko-Hsuan, Konstantinidis, Konstantinos, DeAngelis, Kristen M., Partida-Martinez, Laila P., Meredith, Laura, Chistoserdova, Ludmila, Moran, Mary Ann, Scarborough, Matthew, Schrenk, Matthew, Sullivan, Matthew, David, Maude, O'Malley, Michelle A., Medina, Monica, Habteselassie, Mussie, Ward, Nicholas D., Pietrasiak, Nicole, Mason, Olivia U., Sorensen, Patrick O., Estrada de los Santos, Paulina, Baldrian, Petr, McKay, R. Michael, Simister, Rachel, Stepanauskas, Ramunas, Neumann, Rebecca, Malmstrom, Rex, Cavicchioli, Ricardo, Kelly, Robert, Hatzenpichler, Roland, Stocker, Roman, Cattolico, Rose Ann, Ziels, Ryan, Vilgalys, Rytas, Blumer-Schuette, Sara, Crowe, Sean, Roux, Simon, Hallam, Steven, Lindow, Steven, Brawley, Susan H., Tringe, Susannah, Woyke, Tanja, Whitman, Thea, Bianchi, Thomas, Mock, Thomas, Donohue, Timothy, James, Timothy Y., Kalluri, Udaya C., Karaoz, Ulas, Denef, Vincent, Liu, Wen-Tso, Whitman, William, Ouyang, Yang, Fremin, Brayon J., Bhatt, Ami S., and Kyrpides, Nikos C.

Published
2022
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7. Hidden diversity of soil giant viruses.

Author

Schulz, Frederik, Alteio, Lauren, Goudeau, Danielle, Ryan, Elizabeth M, Yu, Feiqiao B, Malmstrom, Rex R, Blanchard, Jeffrey, and Woyke, Tanja

Subjects
Capsid Proteins, Soil, Ecosystem, Phylogeny, Gene Expression, Genome, Viral, Metagenome, Metagenomics, Mimiviridae, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Genome Size, Giant Viruses, Genome, Viral, Genetics, 2.2 Factors relating to physical environment, Infection, MD Multidisciplinary
Abstract

Known giant virus diversity is currently skewed towards viruses isolated from aquatic environments and cultivated in the laboratory. Here, we employ cultivation-independent metagenomics and mini-metagenomics on soils from the Harvard Forest, leading to the discovery of 16 novel giant viruses, chiefly recovered by mini-metagenomics. The candidate viruses greatly expand phylogenetic diversity of known giant viruses and either represented novel lineages or are affiliated with klosneuviruses, Cafeteria roenbergensis virus or tupanviruses. One assembled genome with a size of 2.4 Mb represents the largest currently known viral genome in the Mimiviridae, and others encode up to 80% orphan genes. In addition, we find more than 240 major capsid proteins encoded on unbinned metagenome fragments, further indicating that giant viruses are underexplored in soil ecosystems. The fact that most of these novel viruses evaded detection in bulk metagenomes suggests that mini-metagenomics could be a valuable approach to unearth viral giants.

Published
2018

9. From soil to sequence: filling the critical gap in genome-resolved metagenomics is essential to the future of soil microbial ecology

Author

Anthony, Winston E, Anthony, Winston E, Allison, Steven D, Broderick, Caitlin M, Chavez Rodriguez, Luciana, Clum, Alicia, Cross, Hugh, Eloe-Fadrosh, Emiley, Evans, Sarah, Fairbanks, Dawson, Gallery, Rachel, Gontijo, Júlia Brandão, Jones, Jennifer, McDermott, Jason, Pett-Ridge, Jennifer, Record, Sydne, Rodrigues, Jorge Luiz Mazza, Rodriguez-Reillo, William, Shek, Katherine L, Takacs-Vesbach, Tina, Blanchard, Jeffrey L, Anthony, Winston E, Anthony, Winston E, Allison, Steven D, Broderick, Caitlin M, Chavez Rodriguez, Luciana, Clum, Alicia, Cross, Hugh, Eloe-Fadrosh, Emiley, Evans, Sarah, Fairbanks, Dawson, Gallery, Rachel, Gontijo, Júlia Brandão, Jones, Jennifer, McDermott, Jason, Pett-Ridge, Jennifer, Record, Sydne, Rodrigues, Jorge Luiz Mazza, Rodriguez-Reillo, William, Shek, Katherine L, Takacs-Vesbach, Tina, and Blanchard, Jeffrey L

Abstract

Soil microbiomes are heterogeneous, complex microbial communities. Metagenomic analysis is generating vast amounts of data, creating immense challenges in sequence assembly and analysis. Although advances in technology have resulted in the ability to easily collect large amounts of sequence data, soil samples containing thousands of unique taxa are often poorly characterized. These challenges reduce the usefulness of genome-resolved metagenomic (GRM) analysis seen in other fields of microbiology, such as the creation of high quality metagenomic assembled genomes and the adoption of genome scale modeling approaches. The absence of these resources restricts the scale of future research, limiting hypothesis generation and the predictive modeling of microbial communities. Creating publicly available databases of soil MAGs, similar to databases produced for other microbiomes, has the potential to transform scientific insights about soil microbiomes without requiring the computational resources and domain expertise for assembly and binning.

Published
2024

10. Compressed Sensing: How sharp is the Restricted Isometry Property

Author

Blanchard, Jeffrey D., Cartis, Coralia, and Tanner, Jared

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory
Abstract

Compressed Sensing (CS) seeks to recover an unknown vector with $N$ entries by making far fewer than $N$ measurements; it posits that the number of compressed sensing measurements should be comparable to the information content of the vector, not simply $N$. CS combines the important task of compression directly with the measurement task. Since its introduction in 2004 there have been hundreds of manuscripts on CS, a large fraction of which develop algorithms to recover a signal from its compressed measurements. Because of the paradoxical nature of CS -- exact reconstruction from seemingly undersampled measurements -- it is crucial for acceptance of an algorithm that rigorous analyses verify the degree of undersampling the algorithm permits. The Restricted Isometry Property (RIP) has become the dominant tool used for the analysis in such cases. We present here an asymmetric form of RIP which gives tighter bounds than the usual symmetric one. We give the best known bounds on the RIP constants for matrices from the Gaussian ensemble. Our derivations illustrate the way in which the combinatorial nature of CS is controlled. Our quantitative bounds on the RIP allow precise statements as to how aggressively a signal can be undersampled, the essential question for practitioners. We also document the extent to which RIP gives precise information about the true performance limits of CS, by comparing with approaches from high-dimensional geometry., Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures, 54 references. To appear, SIAM Review.

Published
2010

11. Phase Transitions for Greedy Sparse Approximation Algorithms

Author

Blanchard, Jeffrey D., Cartis, Coralia, Tanner, Jared, and Thompson, Andrew

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory
Abstract

A major enterprise in compressed sensing and sparse approximation is the design and analysis of computationally tractable algorithms for recovering sparse, exact or approximate, solutions of underdetermined linear systems of equations. Many such algorithms have now been proven to have optimal-order uniform recovery guarantees using the ubiquitous Restricted Isometry Property (RIP). However, it is unclear when the RIP-based sufficient conditions on the algorithm are satisfied. We present a framework in which this task can be achieved; translating these conditions for Gaussian measurement matrices into requirements on the signal's sparsity level, length, and number of measurements. We illustrate this approach on three of the state-of-the-art greedy algorithms: CoSaMP, Subspace Pursuit (SP), and Iterative Hard Thresholding (IHT). Designed to allow a direct comparison of existing theory, our framework implies that, according to the best known bounds, IHT requires the fewest number of compressed sensing measurements and has the lowest per iteration computational cost of the three algorithms compared here., Comment: 31 pages, 3 figures

Published
2010

12. The complete genome sequence of Clostridium indolis DSM 755T

Author

Biddle, Amy S, Leschine, Susan, Huntemann, Marcel, Han, James, Chen, Amy, Kyrpides, Nikos, Markowitz, Victor, Palaniappan, Krishna, Ivanova, Natalia, Mikhailova, Natalia, Ovchinnikova, Galina, Schaumberg, Andrew, Pati, Amrita, Stamatis, Dimitrios, Reddy, Tatiparthi, Lobos, Elizabeth, Goodwin, Lynne, Nordberg, Henrik P, Cantor, Michael N, Hua, Susan X, Woyke, Tanja, and Blanchard, Jeffrey L

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Genetics, Human Genome, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Infection, Clostridium indolis, citrate, lactate, aromatic degradation, nitrogen fixation, bacterial microcompartments, Biochemistry and Cell Biology
Abstract

Clostridium indolis DSM 755(T) is a bacterium commonly found in soils and the feces of birds and mammals. Despite its prevalence, little is known about the ecology or physiology of this species. However, close relatives, C. saccharolyticum and C. hathewayi, have demonstrated interesting metabolic potentials related to plant degradation and human health. The genome of C. indolis DSM 755(T) reveals an abundance of genes in functional groups associated with the transport and utilization of carbohydrates, as well as citrate, lactate, and aromatics. Ecologically relevant gene clusters related to nitrogen fixation and a unique type of bacterial microcompartment, the CoAT BMC, are also detected. Our genome analysis suggests hypotheses to be tested in future culture based work to better understand the physiology of this poorly described species.

Published
2014

13. Perspective: Evolution and Detection of Genetic Robustness

Author

Hermisson, Joachim, Wagner, Günter P., Meyers, Lauren Ancel, Bagheri-Chaichian, Homayoun, Blanchard, Jeffrey L., Chao, Lin, Cheverud, James M., Elena, Santiago F., Fontana, Walter, Gibson, Greg, Hansen, Thomas F., Krakauer, David, Lewontin, Richard C., Ofria, Charles, Rice, Sean H., von Dassow, George, Wagner, Andreas, and Whitlock, Michael C.

Published
2003

14. Unraveling the functional dark matter through global metagenomics

Author

Pavlopoulos, Georgios A., Baltoumas, Fotis A., Liu, Sirui, Selvitopi, Oguz, Camargo, Antonio Pedro, Nayfach, Stephen, Azad, Ariful, Roux, Simon, Call, Lee, Ivanova, Natalia N., Chen, I. Min, Paez-Espino, David, Karatzas, Evangelos, Acinas, Silvia G., Ahlgren, Nathan, Attwood, Graeme, Baldrian, Petr, Berry, Timothy, Bhatnagar, Jennifer M., Bhaya, Devaki, Bidle, Kay D., Blanchard, Jeffrey L., Boyd, Eric S., Bowen, Jennifer L., Bowman, Jeff, Brawley, Susan H., Brodie, Eoin L., Brune, Andreas, Bryant, Donald A., Buchan, Alison, Cadillo-Quiroz, Hinsby, Campbell, Barbara J., Cavicchioli, Ricardo, Chuckran, Peter F., Coleman, Maureen, Crowe, Sean, Colman, Daniel R., Currie, Cameron R., Dangl, Jeff, Delherbe, Nathalie, Denef, Vincent J., Dijkstra, Paul, Distel, Daniel D., Eloe-Fadrosh, Emiley, Fisher, Kirsten, Francis, Christopher, Garoutte, Aaron, Gaudin, Amelie, Gerwick, Lena, Godoy-Vitorino, Filipa, Guerra, Peter, Guo, Jiarong, Habteselassie, Mussie Y., Hallam, Steven J., Hatzenpichler, Roland, Hentschel, Ute, Hess, Matthias, Hirsch, Ann M., Hug, Laura A., Hultman, Jenni, Hunt, Dana E., Huntemann, Marcel, Inskeep, William P., James, Timothy Y., Jansson, Janet, Johnston, Eric R., Kalyuzhnaya, Marina, Kelly, Charlene N., Kelly, Robert M., Klassen, Jonathan L., Nüsslein, Klaus, Kostka, Joel E., Lindow, Steven, Lilleskov, Erik, Lynes, Mackenzie, Mackelprang, Rachel, Martin, Francis M., Mason, Olivia U., McKay, R. Michael, McMahon, Katherine, Mead, David A., Medina, Monica, Meredith, Laura K., Mock, Thomas, Mohn, William W., Moran, Mary Ann, Murray, Alison, Neufeld, Josh D., Neumann, Rebecca, Norton, Jeanette M., Partida-Martinez, Laila P., Pietrasiak, Nicole, Pelletier, Dale, Reddy, T. B. K., Reese, Brandi Kiel, Reichart, Nicholas J., Reiss, Rebecca, Saito, Mak A., Schachtman, Daniel P., Seshadri, Rekha, Shade, Ashley, Sherman, David, Simister, Rachel, Simon, Holly, Stegen, James, Stepanauskas, Ramunas, Sullivan, Matthew, Sumner, Dawn Y., Teeling, Hanno, Thamatrakoln, Kimberlee, Treseder, Kathleen, Tringe, Susannah, Vaishampayan, Parag, Valentine, David L., Waldo, Nicholas B., Waldrop, Mark P., Walsh, David A., Ward, David M., Wilkins, Michael, Whitman, Thea, Woolet, Jamie, Woyke, Tanja, Iliopoulos, Ioannis, Konstantinidis, Konstantinos, Tiedje, James M., Pett-Ridge, Jennifer, Baker, David, Visel, Axel, Ouzounis, Christos A., Ovchinnikov, Sergey, Buluç, Aydin, Kyrpides, Nikos C., Pavlopoulos, Georgios A., Baltoumas, Fotis A., Liu, Sirui, Selvitopi, Oguz, Camargo, Antonio Pedro, Nayfach, Stephen, Azad, Ariful, Roux, Simon, Call, Lee, Ivanova, Natalia N., Chen, I. Min, Paez-Espino, David, Karatzas, Evangelos, Acinas, Silvia G., Ahlgren, Nathan, Attwood, Graeme, Baldrian, Petr, Berry, Timothy, Bhatnagar, Jennifer M., Bhaya, Devaki, Bidle, Kay D., Blanchard, Jeffrey L., Boyd, Eric S., Bowen, Jennifer L., Bowman, Jeff, Brawley, Susan H., Brodie, Eoin L., Brune, Andreas, Bryant, Donald A., Buchan, Alison, Cadillo-Quiroz, Hinsby, Campbell, Barbara J., Cavicchioli, Ricardo, Chuckran, Peter F., Coleman, Maureen, Crowe, Sean, Colman, Daniel R., Currie, Cameron R., Dangl, Jeff, Delherbe, Nathalie, Denef, Vincent J., Dijkstra, Paul, Distel, Daniel D., Eloe-Fadrosh, Emiley, Fisher, Kirsten, Francis, Christopher, Garoutte, Aaron, Gaudin, Amelie, Gerwick, Lena, Godoy-Vitorino, Filipa, Guerra, Peter, Guo, Jiarong, Habteselassie, Mussie Y., Hallam, Steven J., Hatzenpichler, Roland, Hentschel, Ute, Hess, Matthias, Hirsch, Ann M., Hug, Laura A., Hultman, Jenni, Hunt, Dana E., Huntemann, Marcel, Inskeep, William P., James, Timothy Y., Jansson, Janet, Johnston, Eric R., Kalyuzhnaya, Marina, Kelly, Charlene N., Kelly, Robert M., Klassen, Jonathan L., Nüsslein, Klaus, Kostka, Joel E., Lindow, Steven, Lilleskov, Erik, Lynes, Mackenzie, Mackelprang, Rachel, Martin, Francis M., Mason, Olivia U., McKay, R. Michael, McMahon, Katherine, Mead, David A., Medina, Monica, Meredith, Laura K., Mock, Thomas, Mohn, William W., Moran, Mary Ann, Murray, Alison, Neufeld, Josh D., Neumann, Rebecca, Norton, Jeanette M., Partida-Martinez, Laila P., Pietrasiak, Nicole, Pelletier, Dale, Reddy, T. B. K., Reese, Brandi Kiel, Reichart, Nicholas J., Reiss, Rebecca, Saito, Mak A., Schachtman, Daniel P., Seshadri, Rekha, Shade, Ashley, Sherman, David, Simister, Rachel, Simon, Holly, Stegen, James, Stepanauskas, Ramunas, Sullivan, Matthew, Sumner, Dawn Y., Teeling, Hanno, Thamatrakoln, Kimberlee, Treseder, Kathleen, Tringe, Susannah, Vaishampayan, Parag, Valentine, David L., Waldo, Nicholas B., Waldrop, Mark P., Walsh, David A., Ward, David M., Wilkins, Michael, Whitman, Thea, Woolet, Jamie, Woyke, Tanja, Iliopoulos, Ioannis, Konstantinidis, Konstantinos, Tiedje, James M., Pett-Ridge, Jennifer, Baker, David, Visel, Axel, Ouzounis, Christos A., Ovchinnikov, Sergey, Buluç, Aydin, and Kyrpides, Nikos C.

Abstract

Metagenomes encode an enormous diversity of proteins, reflecting a multiplicity of functions and activities1,2. Exploration of this vast sequence space has been limited to a comparative analysis against reference microbial genomes and protein families derived from those genomes. Here, to examine the scale of yet untapped functional diversity beyond what is currently possible through the lens of reference genomes, we develop a computational approach to generate reference-free protein families from the sequence space in metagenomes. We analyse 26,931 metagenomes and identify 1.17 billion protein sequences longer than 35 amino acids with no similarity to any sequences from 102,491 reference genomes or the Pfam database3. Using massively parallel graph-based clustering, we group these proteins into 106,198 novel sequence clusters with more than 100 members, doubling the number of protein families obtained from the reference genomes clustered using the same approach. We annotate these families on the basis of their taxonomic, habitat, geographical and gene neighbourhood distributions and, where sufficient sequence diversity is available, predict protein three-dimensional models, revealing novel structures. Overall, our results uncover an enormously diverse functional space, highlighting the importance of further exploring the microbial functional dark matter.

Published
2023
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17. Tempo and mode of genome evolution in a 50,000-generation experiment

Author

Tenaillon, Olivier, Barrick, Jeffrey E., Ribeck, Noah, Deatherage, Daniel E., Blanchard, Jeffrey L., Dasgupta, Aurko, Wu, Gabriel C., Wielgoss, Sebastien, Cruveiller, Stephane, Medigue, Claudine, Schneider, Dominique, and Lenski, Richard E.

Subjects
Gene mutations -- Identification and classification, Evolutionary genetics -- Research -- Methods, Escherichia coli -- Genetic aspects -- Natural history, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Adaptation by natural selection depends on the rates, effects and interactions of many mutations, making it difficult to determine what proportion of mutations in an evolving lineage are beneficial. Here we analysed 264 complete genomes from 12 Escherichia coli populations to characterize their dynamics over 50,000 generations. The populations that retained the ancestral mutation rate support a model in which most fixed mutations are beneficial, the fraction of beneficial mutations declines as fitness rises, and neutral mutations accumulate at a constant rate. We also compared these populations to mutation-accumulation lines evolved under a bottlenecking regime that minimizes selection. Nonsynonymous mutations, intergenic mutations, insertions and deletions are overrepresented in the long-term populations, further supporting the inference that most mutations that reached high frequency were favoured by selection. These results illuminate the shifting balance of forces that govern genome evolution in populations adapting to a new environment., Comparative genomic studies have identified the molecular basis of adaptations including lactase permanence in humans (1), domestication of plants (2) and animals (3), and pathogenicity in bacteria (4). Nevertheless, it [...]

Published
2016
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24. The transcriptional response of soil bacteria to long-term warming and short-term seasonal fluctuations in a terrestrial forest

Author

Chowdhury, Priyanka Roy, Golas, Stefan M., Alteio, Lauren V., Stevens, Joshua T. E., Billings, Andrew F., Blanchard, Jeffrey L., Melillo, Jerry M., DeAngelis, Kristen M., Chowdhury, Priyanka Roy, Golas, Stefan M., Alteio, Lauren V., Stevens, Joshua T. E., Billings, Andrew F., Blanchard, Jeffrey L., Melillo, Jerry M., and DeAngelis, Kristen M.

Abstract

© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Chowdhury, P. R., Golas, S. M., Alteio, L., Stevens, J. T. E., Billings, A. F., Blanchard, J. L., Melillo, J. M., & DeAngelis, K. M. The transcriptional response of soil bacteria to long-term warming and short-term seasonal fluctuations in a terrestrial forest. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, (2021): 666558, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.666558., Terrestrial ecosystems are an important carbon store, and this carbon is vulnerable to microbial degradation with climate warming. After 30 years of experimental warming, carbon stocks in a temperate mixed deciduous forest were observed to be reduced by 30% in the heated plots relative to the controls. In addition, soil respiration was seasonal, as was the warming treatment effect. We therefore hypothesized that long-term warming will have higher expressions of genes related to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism due to increased utilization of recalcitrant carbon pools compared to controls. Because of the seasonal effect of soil respiration and the warming treatment, we further hypothesized that these patterns will be seasonal. We used RNA sequencing to show how the microbial community responds to long-term warming (~30 years) in Harvard Forest, MA. Total RNA was extracted from mineral and organic soil types from two treatment plots (+5°C heated and ambient control), at two time points (June and October) and sequenced using Illumina NextSeq technology. Treatment had a larger effect size on KEGG annotated transcripts than on CAZymes, while soil types more strongly affected CAZymes than KEGG annotated transcripts, though effect sizes overall were small. Although, warming showed a small effect on overall CAZymes expression, several carbohydrate-associated enzymes showed increased expression in heated soils (~68% of all differentially expressed transcripts). Further, exploratory analysis using an unconstrained method showed increased abundances of enzymes related to polysaccharide and lipid metabolism and decomposition in heated soils. Compared to long-term warming, we detected a relatively small effect of seasonal variation on community gene expression. Together, these results indicate that the higher carbohydrate degrading potential of bacteria in heated plots can possibly accelerate a self-reinforcing carbon cycle-temperature feedback in a warming climate., Funding for this study was provided by the Department of Energy Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences program under contract number DE-SC0010740. Sites for sample collection were maintained with funding in part from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Long-Term Ecological Research (DEB 1237491) and the NSF Long-Term Research in Environmental Biology (DEB 1456528) programs.

Published
2022

26. Carboxysomes, Structure and Function

Author

Blanchard, Jeffrey, Abdul-Rahman, Farah, Gargaud, Muriel, editor, Irvine, William M., editor, Amils, Ricardo, editor, Cleaves, Henderson James (Jim), II, editor, Pinti, Daniele L., editor, Quintanilla, José Cernicharo, editor, Rouan, Daniel, editor, Spohn, Tilman, editor, Tirard, Stéphane, editor, and Viso, Michel, editor

Published
2015
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33. A genomic catalog of Earth’s microbiomes

Author

Nayfach, Stephen, Roux, Simon, Seshadri, Rekha, Udwary, Daniel, Varghese, Neha, Schulz, Frederik, Wu, Dongying, Paez-Espino, David, Chen, I. Min, Huntemann, Marcel, Palaniappan, Krishna, Ladau, Joshua, Mukherjee, Supratim, Reddy, T. B.K., Nielsen, Torben, Kirton, Edward, Faria, José P., Edirisinghe, Janaka N., Henry, Christopher S., Jungbluth, Sean P., Chivian, Dylan, Dehal, Paramvir, Wood-Charlson, Elisha M., Arkin, Adam P., Tringe, Susannah G., Visel, Axel, Abreu, Helena, Acinas, Silvia G., Allen, Eric, Allen, Michelle A., Alteio, Lauren V., Andersen, Gary, Anesio, Alexandre M., Attwood, Graeme, Avila-Magaña, Viridiana, Badis, Yacine, Bailey, Jake, Baker, Brett, Baldrian, Petr, Barton, Hazel A., Beck, David A.C., Becraft, Eric D., Beller, Harry R., Beman, J. Michael, Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan, Berry, Timothy D., Bertagnolli, Anthony, Bertilsson, Stefan, Bhatnagar, Jennifer M., Bird, Jordan T., Blanchard, Jeffrey L., Blumer-Schuette, Sara E., Bohannan, Brendan, Borton, Mikayla A., Brady, Allyson, Brawley, Susan H., Brodie, Juliet, Brown, Steven, Brum, Jennifer R., Brune, Andreas, Bryant, Donald A., Buchan, Alison, Buckley, Daniel H., Buongiorno, Joy, Cadillo-Quiroz, Hinsby, Caffrey, Sean M., Campbell, Ashley N., Campbell, Barbara, Carr, Stephanie, Carroll, Jo Lynn, Cary, S. Craig, Cates, Anna M., Cattolico, Rose Ann, Cavicchioli, Ricardo, Chistoserdova, Ludmila, Coleman, Maureen L., Constant, Philippe, Conway, Jonathan M., Mac Cormack, Walter P., Crowe, Sean, Crump, Byron, Currie, Cameron, Daly, Rebecca, DeAngelis, Kristen M., Denef, Vincent, Denman, Stuart E., Desta, Adey, Dionisi, Hebe, Dodsworth, Jeremy, Dombrowski, Nina, Donohue, Timothy, Dopson, Mark, Driscoll, Timothy, Dunfield, Peter, Dupont, Christopher L., Dynarski, Katherine A., Edgcomb, Virginia, Edwards, Elizabeth A., Elshahed, Mostafa S., Figueroa, Israel, Flood, Beverly, Fortney, Nathaniel, Fortunato, Caroline S., Francis, Christopher, Gachon, Claire M.M., Garcia, Sarahi L., Gazitua, Maria C., Gentry, Terry, Gerwick, Lena, Gharechahi, Javad, Girguis, Peter, Gladden, John, Gradoville, Mary, Grasby, Stephen E., Gravuer, Kelly, Grettenberger, Christen L., Gruninger, Robert J., Guo, Jiarong, Habteselassie, Mussie Y., Hallam, Steven J., Hatzenpichler, Roland, Hausmann, Bela, Hazen, Terry C., Hedlund, Brian, Henny, Cynthia, Herfort, Lydie, Hernandez, Maria, Hershey, Olivia S., Hess, Matthias, Hollister, Emily B., Hug, Laura A., Hunt, Dana, Jansson, Janet, Jarett, Jessica, Kadnikov, Vitaly V., Kelly, Charlene, Kelly, Robert, Kelly, William, Kerfeld, Cheryl A., Kimbrel, Jeff, Klassen, Jonathan L., Konstantinidis, Konstantinos T., Lee, Laura L., Li, Wen Jun, Loder, Andrew J., Loy, Alexander, Lozada, Mariana, MacGregor, Barbara, Magnabosco, Cara, Maria da Silva, Aline, McKay, R. Michael, McMahon, Katherine, McSweeney, Chris S., Medina, Mónica, Meredith, Laura, Mizzi, Jessica, Mock, Thomas, Momper, Lily, Moran, Mary Ann, Morgan-Lang, Connor, Moser, Duane, Muyzer, Gerard, Myrold, David, Nash, Maisie, Nesbø, Camilla L., Neumann, Anthony P., Neumann, Rebecca B., Noguera, Daniel, Northen, Trent, Norton, Jeanette, Nowinski, Brent, Nüsslein, Klaus, O’Malley, Michelle A., Oliveira, Rafael S., Maia de Oliveira, Valeria, Onstott, Tullis, Osvatic, Jay, Ouyang, Yang, Pachiadaki, Maria, Parnell, Jacob, Partida-Martinez, Laila P., Peay, Kabir G., Pelletier, Dale, Peng, Xuefeng, Pester, Michael, Pett-Ridge, Jennifer, Peura, Sari, Pjevac, Petra, Plominsky, Alvaro M., Poehlein, Anja, Pope, Phillip B., Ravin, Nikolai, Redmond, Molly C., Reiss, Rebecca, Rich, Virginia, Rinke, Christian, Rodrigues, Jorge L.Mazza, Rodriguez-Reillo, William, Rossmassler, Karen, Sackett, Joshua, Salekdeh, Ghasem Hosseini, Saleska, Scott, Scarborough, Matthew, Schachtman, Daniel, Schadt, Christopher W., Schrenk, Matthew, Sczyrba, Alexander, Sengupta, Aditi, Setubal, Joao C., Shade, Ashley, Sharp, Christine, Sherman, David H., Shubenkova, Olga V., Sierra-Garcia, Isabel Natalia, Simister, Rachel, Simon, Holly, Sjöling, Sara, Slonczewski, Joan, Correa de Souza, Rafael Soares, Spear, John R., Stegen, James C., Stepanauskas, Ramunas, Stewart, Frank, Suen, Garret, Sullivan, Matthew, Sumner, Dawn, Swan, Brandon K., Swingley, Wesley, Tarn, Jonathan, Taylor, Gordon T., Teeling, Hanno, Tekere, Memory, Teske, Andreas, Thomas, Torsten, Thrash, Cameron, Tiedje, James, Ting, Claire S., Tully, Benjamin, Ulloa, Osvlado, Valentine, David L., Van Goethem, Marc W., VanderGheynst, Jean, Verbeke, Tobin J., Vollmers, John, Vuillemin, Aurèle, Waldo, Nicholas B., Williams, Timothy J., Tyson, Gene, Woodcroft, Ben, IMG/M Data Consortium, Nayfach, Stephen, Roux, Simon, Seshadri, Rekha, Udwary, Daniel, Varghese, Neha, Schulz, Frederik, Wu, Dongying, Paez-Espino, David, Chen, I. Min, Huntemann, Marcel, Palaniappan, Krishna, Ladau, Joshua, Mukherjee, Supratim, Reddy, T. B.K., Nielsen, Torben, Kirton, Edward, Faria, José P., Edirisinghe, Janaka N., Henry, Christopher S., Jungbluth, Sean P., Chivian, Dylan, Dehal, Paramvir, Wood-Charlson, Elisha M., Arkin, Adam P., Tringe, Susannah G., Visel, Axel, Abreu, Helena, Acinas, Silvia G., Allen, Eric, Allen, Michelle A., Alteio, Lauren V., Andersen, Gary, Anesio, Alexandre M., Attwood, Graeme, Avila-Magaña, Viridiana, Badis, Yacine, Bailey, Jake, Baker, Brett, Baldrian, Petr, Barton, Hazel A., Beck, David A.C., Becraft, Eric D., Beller, Harry R., Beman, J. Michael, Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan, Berry, Timothy D., Bertagnolli, Anthony, Bertilsson, Stefan, Bhatnagar, Jennifer M., Bird, Jordan T., Blanchard, Jeffrey L., Blumer-Schuette, Sara E., Bohannan, Brendan, Borton, Mikayla A., Brady, Allyson, Brawley, Susan H., Brodie, Juliet, Brown, Steven, Brum, Jennifer R., Brune, Andreas, Bryant, Donald A., Buchan, Alison, Buckley, Daniel H., Buongiorno, Joy, Cadillo-Quiroz, Hinsby, Caffrey, Sean M., Campbell, Ashley N., Campbell, Barbara, Carr, Stephanie, Carroll, Jo Lynn, Cary, S. Craig, Cates, Anna M., Cattolico, Rose Ann, Cavicchioli, Ricardo, Chistoserdova, Ludmila, Coleman, Maureen L., Constant, Philippe, Conway, Jonathan M., Mac Cormack, Walter P., Crowe, Sean, Crump, Byron, Currie, Cameron, Daly, Rebecca, DeAngelis, Kristen M., Denef, Vincent, Denman, Stuart E., Desta, Adey, Dionisi, Hebe, Dodsworth, Jeremy, Dombrowski, Nina, Donohue, Timothy, Dopson, Mark, Driscoll, Timothy, Dunfield, Peter, Dupont, Christopher L., Dynarski, Katherine A., Edgcomb, Virginia, Edwards, Elizabeth A., Elshahed, Mostafa S., Figueroa, Israel, Flood, Beverly, Fortney, Nathaniel, Fortunato, Caroline S., Francis, Christopher, Gachon, Claire M.M., Garcia, Sarahi L., Gazitua, Maria C., Gentry, Terry, Gerwick, Lena, Gharechahi, Javad, Girguis, Peter, Gladden, John, Gradoville, Mary, Grasby, Stephen E., Gravuer, Kelly, Grettenberger, Christen L., Gruninger, Robert J., Guo, Jiarong, Habteselassie, Mussie Y., Hallam, Steven J., Hatzenpichler, Roland, Hausmann, Bela, Hazen, Terry C., Hedlund, Brian, Henny, Cynthia, Herfort, Lydie, Hernandez, Maria, Hershey, Olivia S., Hess, Matthias, Hollister, Emily B., Hug, Laura A., Hunt, Dana, Jansson, Janet, Jarett, Jessica, Kadnikov, Vitaly V., Kelly, Charlene, Kelly, Robert, Kelly, William, Kerfeld, Cheryl A., Kimbrel, Jeff, Klassen, Jonathan L., Konstantinidis, Konstantinos T., Lee, Laura L., Li, Wen Jun, Loder, Andrew J., Loy, Alexander, Lozada, Mariana, MacGregor, Barbara, Magnabosco, Cara, Maria da Silva, Aline, McKay, R. Michael, McMahon, Katherine, McSweeney, Chris S., Medina, Mónica, Meredith, Laura, Mizzi, Jessica, Mock, Thomas, Momper, Lily, Moran, Mary Ann, Morgan-Lang, Connor, Moser, Duane, Muyzer, Gerard, Myrold, David, Nash, Maisie, Nesbø, Camilla L., Neumann, Anthony P., Neumann, Rebecca B., Noguera, Daniel, Northen, Trent, Norton, Jeanette, Nowinski, Brent, Nüsslein, Klaus, O’Malley, Michelle A., Oliveira, Rafael S., Maia de Oliveira, Valeria, Onstott, Tullis, Osvatic, Jay, Ouyang, Yang, Pachiadaki, Maria, Parnell, Jacob, Partida-Martinez, Laila P., Peay, Kabir G., Pelletier, Dale, Peng, Xuefeng, Pester, Michael, Pett-Ridge, Jennifer, Peura, Sari, Pjevac, Petra, Plominsky, Alvaro M., Poehlein, Anja, Pope, Phillip B., Ravin, Nikolai, Redmond, Molly C., Reiss, Rebecca, Rich, Virginia, Rinke, Christian, Rodrigues, Jorge L.Mazza, Rodriguez-Reillo, William, Rossmassler, Karen, Sackett, Joshua, Salekdeh, Ghasem Hosseini, Saleska, Scott, Scarborough, Matthew, Schachtman, Daniel, Schadt, Christopher W., Schrenk, Matthew, Sczyrba, Alexander, Sengupta, Aditi, Setubal, Joao C., Shade, Ashley, Sharp, Christine, Sherman, David H., Shubenkova, Olga V., Sierra-Garcia, Isabel Natalia, Simister, Rachel, Simon, Holly, Sjöling, Sara, Slonczewski, Joan, Correa de Souza, Rafael Soares, Spear, John R., Stegen, James C., Stepanauskas, Ramunas, Stewart, Frank, Suen, Garret, Sullivan, Matthew, Sumner, Dawn, Swan, Brandon K., Swingley, Wesley, Tarn, Jonathan, Taylor, Gordon T., Teeling, Hanno, Tekere, Memory, Teske, Andreas, Thomas, Torsten, Thrash, Cameron, Tiedje, James, Ting, Claire S., Tully, Benjamin, Ulloa, Osvlado, Valentine, David L., Van Goethem, Marc W., VanderGheynst, Jean, Verbeke, Tobin J., Vollmers, John, Vuillemin, Aurèle, Waldo, Nicholas B., Williams, Timothy J., Tyson, Gene, Woodcroft, Ben, and IMG/M Data Consortium

Abstract

The reconstruction of bacterial and archaeal genomes from shotgun metagenomes has enabled insights into the ecology and evolution of environmental and host-associated microbiomes. Here we applied this approach to >10,000 metagenomes collected from diverse habitats covering all of Earth’s continents and oceans, including metagenomes from human and animal hosts, engineered environments, and natural and agricultural soils, to capture extant microbial, metabolic and functional potential. This comprehensive catalog includes 52,515 metagenome-assembled genomes representing 12,556 novel candidate species-level operational taxonomic units spanning 135 phyla. The catalog expands the known phylogenetic diversity of bacteria and archaea by 44% and is broadly available for streamlined comparative analyses, interactive exploration, metabolic modeling and bulk download. We demonstrate the utility of this collection for understanding secondary-metabolite biosynthetic potential and for resolving thousands of new host linkages to uncultivated viruses. This resource underscores the value of genome-centric approaches for revealing genomic properties of uncultivated microorganisms that affect ecosystem processes.

Published
2021

34. Fungal community response to long-term soil warming with potential implications for soil carbon dynamics

Author

Pec, Gregory J., van Diepen, Linda T. A., Knorr, Melissa, Grandy, A. Stuart, Melillo, Jerry M., DeAngelis, Kristen M., Blanchard, Jeffrey L., Frey, Serita D., Pec, Gregory J., van Diepen, Linda T. A., Knorr, Melissa, Grandy, A. Stuart, Melillo, Jerry M., DeAngelis, Kristen M., Blanchard, Jeffrey L., and Frey, Serita D.

Abstract

© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Pec, G. J., van Diepen, L. T. A., Knorr, M., Grandy, A. S., Melillo, J. M., DeAngelis, K. M., Blanchard, J. L., & Frey, S. D. Fungal community response to long-term soil warming with potential implications for soil carbon dynamics. Ecosphere, 12(5), (2021): e03460, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3460., The direction and magnitude of climate warming effects on ecosystem processes such as carbon cycling remain uncertain. Soil fungi are central to these processes due to their roles as decomposers of soil organic matter, as mycorrhizal symbionts, and as determinants of plant diversity. Yet despite their importance to ecosystem functioning, we lack a clear understanding of the long-term response of soil fungal communities to warming. Toward this goal, we characterized soil fungal communities in two replicated soil warming experiments at the Harvard Forest (Petersham, Massachusetts, USA) which had experienced 5°C above ambient soil temperatures for 5 and 20 yr at the time of sampling. We assessed fungal diversity and community composition by sequencing the ITS2 region of rDNA using Illumina technology, along with soil C concentrations and chemistry. Three main findings emerged: (1) long-, but not short-term warming resulted in compositional shifts in the soil fungal community, particularly in the saprotrophic and unknown components of the community; (2) soil C concentrations and the total C stored in the organic horizon declined in response to both short- (5 yr) and long-term (20 yr) warming; and (3) following long-term warming, shifts in fungal guild relative abundances were associated with substantial changes in soil organic matter chemistry, particularly the relative abundance of lignin. Taken together, our results suggest that shifts with warming in the relative abundance of fungal functional groups and dominant fungal taxa are related to observed losses in total soil C., NSF Long-term Research in Environmental Biology. Grant Number: DEB 1456528 NSF Long-term Ecological Research. Grant Number: DEB 1237491 Joint Genome Institute as part of a Community Sequencing Program Award. Grant Number: DE-AC02-05CH11231 CSP-1058

Published
2021

49. Exopolysaccharide production in Caulobacter crescentus: A resource allocation trade-off between protection and proliferation.

Author

Herr, Kathryn L, Blanchard, Jeffrey L1, Herr, Kathryn L, Carey, Alexis M, Heckman, Taylor I, Chávez, Jessenia Laki, Johnson, Christina N, Harvey, Emily, Gamroth, William A, Wulfing, Bridget S, Van Kessel, Rachel A, Marks, Melissa E, Herr, Kathryn L, Blanchard, Jeffrey L1, Herr, Kathryn L, Carey, Alexis M, Heckman, Taylor I, Chávez, Jessenia Laki, Johnson, Christina N, Harvey, Emily, Gamroth, William A, Wulfing, Bridget S, Van Kessel, Rachel A, and Marks, Melissa E

Abstract

Complex and interacting selective pressures can produce bacterial communities with a range of phenotypes. One measure of bacterial success is the ability of cells or populations to proliferate while avoiding lytic phage infection. Resistance against bacteriophage infection can occur in the form of a metabolically expensive exopolysaccharide capsule. Here, we show that in Caulobacter crescentus, presence of an exopolysaccharide capsule provides measurable protection against infection from a lytic paracrystalline S-layer bacteriophage (CR30), but at a metabolic cost that reduces success in a phage-free environment. Carbon flux through GDP-mannose 4,6 dehydratase in different catabolic and anabolic pathways appears to mediate this trade-off. Together, our data support a model in which diversity in bacterial communities may be maintained through variable selection on phenotypes utilizing the same metabolic pathway.

Published
2018

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