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34 results on '"Blanchard, James D."'

10. Symposium Summary

Author

Tepper, Jeffrey S., primary, Kuehl, Philip J., additional, Cracknell, Stuart, additional, Nikula, Kristen J., additional, Pei, Luqi, additional, and Blanchard, James D., additional

Published
2016
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17. The potential of liposome–encapsulated ciprofloxacin as a tularemia therapy.

Author

Hamblin, Karleigh A., Wong, Jonathan P., Blanchard, James D., and Atkins, Helen S.

Subjects
TULAREMIA, QUINOLONE antibacterial agents, CIPROFLOXACIN, GRAM-negative bacterial diseases, FRANCISELLA tularensis, MEDICAL sciences
Abstract

Liposome-encapsulation has been suggested as method to improve the efficacy of ciprofloxacin against the intracellular pathogen, Francisella tularensis. Early work with a prototype formulation, evaluated for use against the F. tularensis live vaccine strain, showed that a single dose of liposomal ciprofloxacin given by the intranasal or inhalational route could provide protection in a mouse model of pneumonic tularemia. Liposomal ciprofloxacin offered better protection than ciprofloxacin given by the same routes. Liposomal ciprofloxacin has been further developed by Aradigm Corporation forPseudomonas aeruginosa infections in patients with cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. This advanced development formulation is safe, effective and well tolerated in human clinical trials. Further evaluation of the advanced liposomal ciprofloxacin formulation against the highly virulent F. tularensis Schu S4 strain has shown that aerosolized CFI (Ciprofloxacin encapsulated in liposomes for inhalation) provides significantly better protection than oral ciprofloxacin. Thus, liposomal ciprofloxacin is a promising treatment for tularemia and further research with the aim of enabling licensure under the animal rule is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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24. Particle Deposition in Volumetric Regions of the Human Respiratory Tract.

Author

Heyder, Joachim, Blanchard, James D., and Brain, Joseph D.

Abstract

An aerosol bolus technique was used to estimate where inspired particles deposit in the human respiratory tract. Aerosol boli were introduced at preselected points during an inspiration of 1 litre of air and thus penetrated to different depths in the lungs. Di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate droplets of 1 μm diameter served as aerosol particles. Particle losses in the respiratory tract were calculated from recorded instantaneous particle number concentration and respired volume. The deeper a bolus penetrated into the lungs the larger was dispersion and the larger was the fraction of inspired particles which deposited. Dispersion and deposition could be described by a matrix formalism which revealed that dispersion can be neglected for the estimation of deposition when the entire tidal air contains particles. That portion of the respiratory tract ventilated by a tidal volume of 1 litre was then considered as a series of 10 particle collecting regions. The collection efficiency of a region was found to be larger the deeper the region was located in the lungs. However, particle deposition from a single tidal inspiration of an aerosol increased in the first 4 regions and decreased in the last 4 regions. These data are comparable to data that were computed from mathematical deposition models and may be used to evaluate their accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
1988

28. ASSESSING THE WORK ENVIRONMENT FOR AGENTS THAT MAY CAUSE OCCUPATIONAL PULMONARY DISEASE

Author

WINNER, PAMELA C. and BLANCHARD, JAMES D.

Abstract

The industrial hygienist is a professional trained in the recognition, evaluation, and control of environmental stresses in the workplace and as such serves as a valuable resource for medical personnel concerned with occupational lung disease. Knowledge of the precise identity and quantity of workplace hazards is often essential in diagnosing occupationallung disorders. In addition, an industrial hygienist familiar with the process can assess whether there is a likelihood of exposure to levels above the limits which are considered to be safe. This valuable industrial hygiene information can be from industrial hygienists working in industry, government (e.g., OSHA, state agencies), universities or consulting firms.

Published
1981
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33. Effective Treatment of Mycobacterium aviumsubsp. hominissuisand Mycobacterium abscessusSpecies Infections in Macrophages, Biofilm, and Mice by Using Liposomal Ciprofloxacin

Author

Blanchard, James D., Elias, Valerie, Cipolla, David, Gonda, Igor, and Bermudez, Luiz E.

Abstract

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) affect an increasing number of individuals worldwide. Infection with these organisms is more common in patients with chronic lung conditions, and treatment is challenging.

Published
2018
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34. Symposium Summary: "Breathe In, Breathe Out, Its Easy: What You Need to Know About Developing Inhaled Drugs".

Author

Tepper JS, Kuehl PJ, Cracknell S, Nikula KJ, Pei L, and Blanchard JD

Subjects
Administration, Inhalation, Animals, Humans, Legislation, Drug, Respiratory System anatomy & histology, Pharmaceutical Preparations administration & dosage, Respiratory Physiological Phenomena, Respiratory System metabolism
Abstract

Developing inhaled drugs requires knowledge of lung anatomy, cell biology, respiratory physiology, particle physics, and some plumbing. Although dose makes the poison, in the context of an inhaled drug, the "dose" is not easily defined. This lack of clarity around dose poses issues and challenges in the design of inhalation toxicology programs. To better understand dose, the influence of ventilation is discussed as are the perturbations in pulmonary function observed with inhalation exposure that can affect dose. Methods for determining inhaled drug deposition to arrive at an estimate of lung dose are examined. Equally important to understanding dose are the techniques used to deliver aerosols to animals. With a better understanding of dose and inhalation exposure, species-specific histopathologic lesions, both common background and toxicologically significant lesions, are reviewed. Finally, insight into how regulators synthesize and evaluate these complex findings to assess clinical safety risks is presented., (© The Author(s) 2016.)

Published
2016
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