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Polypheretima cordata Nguyen, Tran & Nguyen, 2015 Polypheretima cordata Nguyen, Tran & Nguyen, 2015a: 597, Fig. 3. Type locality. Vietnam (Dong Nai: Vinh Cuu). Type material. CTU (CTU-EW.042), Vietnam. Examined material. 1 C (CTU-EW.042.h01) and 5 C (CTU-EW.042.p01) natural forest (11��06' 89.5N; 107��03' 10.3E), about 100 m asl, Ma Da commune, Vinh Cuu Distr., Dong Nai Prov., 13/10/2013; coll. Duong Chi Trong; 4 C (CTU-EW042.k01) natural forest (11��25' 42.0N; 107��25' 38.1E), 122 m asl, Cat Tien National Park, Tan Phu Distr., Dong Nai Prov., Vietnam, 13/10/2013, coll. Le Van Nhan. Records from Vietnam. Dong Nai (Vinh Cuu; Tan Phu) (Nguyen et al. 2015a). Distribution. Only known from Vietnam. Vietnamese name. Tr��n ampun h��nh tim., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Nguyen, T. T., Tran, T. T. B. & Nguyen, D. A. (2015 a) Three new earthworm species of the genus Polypheretima Michaelsen, 1934 (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from Vietnam. Zootaxa, 3905 (4), 593 - 600. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3905.4.11"]}

Genus Octochaetona Gates, 1962 Octochaetona Gates, 1962c: 211; Gates 1972: 307. Type species. Octochaetus surensis Michaelsen, 1910. Distribution. Mainly in India. Remarks. Only one species has been reported from Vietnam., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 83, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Gates, G. E. (1972) Burmese Earthworms: An Introduction to the Systematics and Biology of Megadrile Oligochaetes with Special Reference to Southeast Asia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, N. S. 62 (7), 1 - 326. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1006214","Michaelsen, W. (1910) Oligochaten von verschiedenen Gebieten. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten, 27, 47 - 169."]}

Metaphire tripidoporophoratus (Thai & Nguyen, 1993), comb. nov. Pheretima tripidoporophorata Thai & Nguyen, 1993 (in Nguyen 1993): 5, fig. 1 A; Nguyen 1994: 70; Pham 1995c: 95; Nakamura 1999: 24; Thai 2000a: 310; Pham 2010: 64. Amynthas? tripidoporophoratus��� Blakemore 2007a: 100; Blakemore 2008b. Type locality. Vietnam (Thua Thien Hue: Hue). Type material. SORC, Vietnam. Examined material. 6 C and 1 A (SORC-V.095.04) An Le, Huong Dien, Hue, 15/5/1985, coll. Nguyen Van Thuan. Records from Vietnam. Thua Thien Hue (Hue; Huong Dien); Da Nang; Quang Nam (Phuoc Son) (Nguyen 1993, 1994; Pham 1995c, 2010). Distribution. Only known from Vietnam. Vietnamese name. Giun nh�� �c 3 c��nh. Remarks. Blakemore (2007a, 2008b) considered it as " species inquirenda ". Material was re-examined and presence of male copulatory pouches and hence placement of the species in Metaphire is confirmed here., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Nguyen, V. T. (1993) Some new species of earthworms of genus Pheretima Kinberg, 1867 (Megascolecidae - Oligochaeta) from Thua Thien - Hue, Vietnam. TAP CHI SINH HOC, 15 (1), 5 - 8.","Nguyen, V. T. (1994) The earthworm fauna of Binh Tri Thien region. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 193 pp.","Pham, T. H. H. (1995 c) The earthworm fauna of Quang Nam-Da Nang. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 180 pp.","Nakamura, Y. (1999) Checklist of earthworms of Pheretima genus group (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) of the world. Edaphologia, 64, 1 - 78.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Pham, T. H. H. (2010) The diversity of earthworms in Danang city. Journal of Science and Technology, Danang University, 5 (40), 60 - 69.","Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)","Blakemore, R. J. (2008 b) List of earthworms from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Excel spreadsheet). In: A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World - 2 nd Edition (2008). VermEcology, Yokohama. CD - ROM. Avaliable from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm / Vietnam % 20 + % 20 Lao s % 20 + % 20 Cambodia 1. xls (Accessed 21 Jul. 2016)"]}

Amynthas lignophilus (Thai, 1982) Pheretima lignophila Thai, 1982: 822, fig. 1G; Do 1994: 90; Le 1995a: 67; Nakamura 1999: 62; Thai 2000a: 309. Pheretima (Amynthas) lignophila��� Thai 1983: 126. Amynthas lignophilius (sic!) ��� Blakemore 2007a: 59; Blakemore 2008b. Type locality. Vietnam (Ninh Binh: Cuc Phuong). Type material. ZMUM (W.260), Russia. Records from Vietnam. Lang Son (Bac Son); Ninh Binh (Cuc Phuong NP) (Thai 1982; Do 1994; Le 1995a). Distribution. Only known from Vietnam. Vietnamese name. Giun g��� m���c. Remarks. Blakemore (2007a, 2008b) considered it as " species inquirenda ", but further examination was not possible because all previously collected material has been lost., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Thai, T. B. (1982) The fauna of earthworms f the Cucfuong forest reserve (Vietnam) and descriptions of new species of the genus Pheretima. Zoologicheskii Jurnal, 61 (6), 817 - 830.","Le, V. T. (1995 a) The earthworm fauna of Northeastern Vietnam. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 148 pp.","Nakamura, Y. (1999) Checklist of earthworms of Pheretima genus group (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) of the world. Edaphologia, 64, 1 - 78.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Thai, T. B. (1983) Earthworms of Vietnam (Systematic, fauna, distribution and zoogeographic). PhD dissertation in Zooglogy. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia [in Russian]","Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)","Blakemore, R. J. (2008 b) List of earthworms from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Excel spreadsheet). In: A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World - 2 nd Edition (2008). VermEcology, Yokohama. CD - ROM. Avaliable from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm / Vietnam % 20 + % 20 Lao s % 20 + % 20 Cambodia 1. xls (Accessed 21 Jul. 2016)"]}

Amynthas namdongensis (Thai & Nguyen, 1993) Pheretima namdongensis Thai & Nguyen, 1993 (in Nguyen 1993): 5, fig. 1B; Nguyen 1994: 56; Nakamura 1999: 43; Thai 2000a: 309. Amynthas? namdongensis��� Blakemore 2007a: 70; Blakemore 2008b. Type locality. Vietnam (Thua Thien Hue: Nam Dong). Type material. SORC, Vietnam. Records from Vietnam. Thua Thien Hue (Nam Dong; A Luoi) (Nguyen 1993, 1994). Distribution. Only known from Vietnam. Vietnamese name. Giun nam đ��ng. Remarks. Blakemore (2007a, 2008b) considered it as " species inquirenda ". Further examination was not possible because all previously collected material has been lost., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Nguyen, V. T. (1993) Some new species of earthworms of genus Pheretima Kinberg, 1867 (Megascolecidae - Oligochaeta) from Thua Thien - Hue, Vietnam. TAP CHI SINH HOC, 15 (1), 5 - 8.","Nguyen, V. T. (1994) The earthworm fauna of Binh Tri Thien region. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 193 pp.","Nakamura, Y. (1999) Checklist of earthworms of Pheretima genus group (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) of the world. Edaphologia, 64, 1 - 78.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)","Blakemore, R. J. (2008 b) List of earthworms from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Excel spreadsheet). In: A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World - 2 nd Edition (2008). VermEcology, Yokohama. CD - ROM. Avaliable from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm / Vietnam % 20 + % 20 Lao s % 20 + % 20 Cambodia 1. xls (Accessed 21 Jul. 2016)"]}

Amynthas acalifornicus (Do & Huynh, 1991) comb. nov. Pheretima acalifornica Do & Huynh, 1991 (in: Do et al. 1991): 56, fig. 4D; Do 1994: 54; Thai 2000a: 307; Huynh et al. 2005: 180. Metaphire ? acalifornica— Blakemore 2007a: 3; Blakemore 2008b. Type locality. Vietnam (Son La: Moc Chau). Type material. 1 A (SORC-V.002.01) Son La, Moc Chau, humid forest, 15/05/1991; 3 C (SORC-V.002.02) Son La, Moc Chau, forest, 12/04/1990; 1 C (SORC-V.002.03) Son La, Moc Chau, forest on limestone, 13/04/1990. Records from Vietnam. Son La (Moc Chau); Phu Tho (Xuan Son NP); Ninh Binh (Cuc Phuong NP) (Do 1994; Huynh et al. 2005). Distribution. Only known from Vietnam. Remarks. The species is fairly similar to Metaphire californica (Kinberg, 1867), but differs in lack of copulatory pouches, having a pair of large genital markings on viii, and one or two pairs of genital markings in the male region. Blakemore (2007a) assigned this species to the genus Metaphire with comments " species inquirenda ". The species assigned here to the genus Amynthas because of lack of copulatory pouches.

Amynthas hupeiensis (Michaelsen, 1895) Pheretima hupeiensis Michaelsen, 1895: 35, figs 11���12; Michaelsen 1900: 273; Chen 1933: 251, fig. 19; Gates 1972: 213; Le 1995a: 43; Thai 2000a: 309. Amynthas hupeiensis��� Sims & Easton 1972: 237; Blakemore 2002: 168; Blakemore 2007: 50. Amynthas hupiensis (sic!) ��� Easton 1981: 53. Type locality. China (Hupei). Type material. Unknown. Examined material. 5 A (SORC-V.143.01) and 3 C (CTU-EW.062.01), Binh Gia, Lang Son, 26/03/1992. Records from Vietnam. Lang Son (Binh Gia) (Le 1995a). Distribution. A cosmopolitan species; widely reported from China, Korea, Japan, North America, and New Zealand (Easton 1981; Blakemore 2002). Remark. The species is distinguished from Metaphire bahli and Metaphire peguana by the absence of copulatory pouches (Le 1995a)., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 32, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Michaelsen, W. (1895) Zur kenntnis der Oligochate. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften, Herausgegeben von dem naturwissenschaftlichen Verein in Hamburg, 13 (2), 1 - 37.","Michaelsen, W. (1900) Oligochaeta. Das Tierreich, 10, 1 - 575.","Chen, Y. (1933) The preliminary survey of the earthworms of the lower Yangtze valley. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China, Zoological Series, 9 (4), 177 - 294.","Gates, G. E. (1972) Burmese Earthworms: An Introduction to the Systematics and Biology of Megadrile Oligochaetes with Special Reference to Southeast Asia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, N. S. 62 (7), 1 - 326. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1006214","Le, V. T. (1995 a) The earthworm fauna of Northeastern Vietnam. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 148 pp.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Sims, R. W. & Easton, E. G. (1972) A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4, 169 - 268. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1972. tb 00694. x","Blakemore, R. J. (2002) Cosmopolitan Earthworms - an Eco - Taxonomic Guide to the Peregrine Species of the World. 2 nd Ed. VermEcology, PO BOX 414 Kippax, ACT 2615, Australia. August, 2002.","Easton, E. G. (1981) Japanese earthworms: a synopsis of the Megadrile species (Oligochaeta). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), 40 (2), 33 - 65."]}

Amynthas mamillaris (Chen, 1938) Pheretima mamillaris Chen, 1938: 413, Fig. 15; Le 1995a: 33; Nakamura 1999: 35. Amynthas mamillaris��� Sims & Easton 1972: 236, 244; Blakemore 2007a: 62. Type locality. China (Hainan Isl.). Type material. Unknown. Examined material. 8 C (SORC-V.149.01) near stream, Viet Lam, Vi Xuyen, Ha Giang, 5/12/1993, coll. Le Van Trien. Records from Vietnam. Ha Giang (Vi Xuyen) (Le 1995a). Distribution. China (Chen 1938). Vietnamese name. Giun n��m v��., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Chen, Y. (1938) Oligochaeta from Hainan, Kwangtung. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China, Zoological Series, 12 (10), 375 - 427.","Le, V. T. (1995 a) The earthworm fauna of Northeastern Vietnam. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 148 pp.","Nakamura, Y. (1999) Checklist of earthworms of Pheretima genus group (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) of the world. Edaphologia, 64, 1 - 78.","Sims, R. W. & Easton, E. G. (1972) A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4, 169 - 268. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1972. tb 00694. x","Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)"]}

Metaphire houlleti (Perrier, 1872) Perichaeta houlleti Perrier, 1872: 99, Plate 2, Figs 31���44. Pheretima houlleti��� Gates 1939: 94; 1972: 190; Pham 1995c: 89; Nakamura 1999: 42; Thai 2000a: 309; Huynh 2005a: 109; Huynh 2005b: 20; Nguyen et al. 2010: 114; Pham 2010: 63; Nguyen T.T. & Tran 2008: 61; Nguyen & Nguyen 2010: 123; Nguyen & Huynh 2011: 1018; Nguyen et al. 2011: 1025; Nguyen et al. 2012: 146; Nguyen 2013: 49; Nguyen 2014: 109. Metaphire houlleti��� Sims & Easton 1972: 238; Blakemore 2007a: 48; Blakemore 2008b. Perichaeta campanulata Rosa, 1890b: 115. Pheretima campanulata��� Gates 1930: 307, 311; 1939: 83; Thai et al. 2004: 759; Pham 1995c: 89; Nakamura 1999: 41; Thai 2000a: 308; Huynh 2005a: 112; Nguyen V.T. & Tran 2008: 184; Pham 2010: 63; Nguyen & Nguyen 2010: 123; Nguyen & Huynh 2011: 1018; Nguyen et al. 2011: 1025; Nguyen et al., 2012: 146. Metaphire campanulata��� Sims & Easton 1972; 238; Blakemore 2007a: 48, treated as synonym of Metaphire houlleti (Perrier, 1872). Type locality. India (Calcutta). Type material. MHNH, France. Examined material. 25 C and 18 A (CTU-EW.006.06) natural forest, Cat Tien NP, Tan Phu, Dong Nai, 13/ 10/2013, coll. Le Van Nhan; 22 C (CTU-EW.006.02) Phung Hiep, Can Tho, 9/10/2009, coll. Ngo Thi Ngan; 13C, 4 A (SORC-V.129.01) deciduous forest, Ealop, Dak Lak, 18/10/1989, coll. Huynh Thi Kim Hoi; 15 C and 5 A (CTU-EW.018.01) Nam Cat Tien, Tan Phu, Dong Nai, 13/10/2013, coll. Le Van Nhan; 11 C (CTU-EW.018.05) Cu Lao Duyen, Cho Moi, An Giang, 9/2009, coll. Ho Minh Thuan. Records from Vietnam. Son La (Moc Chau); Dien Bien (Tuan Giao; Dien Bien); Nghe An (Que Phong); Quang Tri (Huong Hoa); Thua Thien Hue (Huong Tra; Hue; Huong Thuy; Nam Dong); Da Nang (Hoa Vang; Son Tra; Ba Na NP); Quang Nam (Dien Ban; Hiep Duc; Tam Ky; Tien Phuoc; Phuoc Son; Tra My); Quang Ngai (Son Ha); Kon Tum (Dak Glei; Sa Thay); Binh Dinh (Tuy Phuoc; An Nhon); Gia Lai (An Khe; Duc Co); Phu Yen (Tuy An); Dak Lak (Ea Sup; Yok Don NP; Buon Me Thuot); Dak Nong (Ta Dung Mts); Binh Thuan (Tanh Linh); Lam Dong (Duc Trong; Da Lat); Khanh Hoa (Nha Trang); Dong Nai (Vinh Cuu; Xuan Loc; Tan Phu; Dinh Quan; Trang Bom; Thong Nhat; Nhon Trach; Long Thanh; Cam My); Tay Ninh (Ba Den Mt.); Dong Thap (Thanh Binh; Lap Vo; Cao Lanh; Cu Lao Tan Long); Hau Giang (Phung Hiep; Nga Bay); Long An (Vinh Hung; Thanh Hoa); Kien Giang (Phu Quoc Isl.); Tien Giang (Cai Be; Cai Lay; Chau Thanh); Vinh Long (Long Ho); An Giang (Cho Moi: Cu Lao My Hiep; Chau Doc; Tinh Bien; Tri Ton); Kien Giang (Kien Luong; Hon Tre Isl.; Lai Son Isl.; An Son Isl.; Hon Dat); Hau Giang (Phung Hiep); Can Tho; Ben Tre (Binh Dai); Tra Vinh (Duyen Hai; Hoa Minh Isl.; Cau Ke); Soc Trang (Long Phu; Tran De; Ke Sach; Chau Thanh); Bac Lieu (Hoa Binh); Ca Mau (Dam Doi; Cai Nuoc; Ca Mau City) (Do 1994; Nguyen 1994; Pham 1995c, 2010; Huynh 2005a; Thai et al. 2004; Nguyen V.T. & Tran 2008; Nguyen & Nguyen 2010; Nguyen & Huynh 2011; Nguyen et al. 2010; Nguyen et al. 2011; Nguyen et al. 2012). Distribution. Cosmopolitan species, occurring in India, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Taiwan, Singapore, China, Australia, USA (Gate 1939, 1972; Easton 1982; Thai & Do 1989; Thai & Samphon 1991; Shen & Yeo 2005; Shen et al. 200 5). Vietnamese name. Giun houllet. Remarks. Gates (1939) noted that the original home of the species is probably somewhere a region comprising eastern Myanmar and Thailand. The species has been known in Vietnam as two different species, Pheretima houlleti and Pheretima campanulata., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on pages 58-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Perrier, E. (1872) Recherches pour servir a l'histoire des Lombriciens terrestres. Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, 8, 5 - 198.","Gates, G. E. (1939) Thai earthworms. Thailand Research Society, Natural History Supplementary, 12, 65 - 114.","Pham, T. H. H. (1995 c) The earthworm fauna of Quang Nam-Da Nang. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 180 pp.","Nakamura, Y. (1999) Checklist of earthworms of Pheretima genus group (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) of the world. Edaphologia, 64, 1 - 78.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Huynh, T. K. H. (2005 a) The earthworm fauna of southern part of central Vietnam and their potential usages. Medicine Publishing House, Hanoi, 189 pp.","Huynh, T. K. H. (2005 b) Results of studies on earthworms and other mesofauna groups in the Ta Dung mountain area, Dac Nong province. TAP CHI SINH HOC, 27 (4), 19 - 27.","Pham, T. H. H. (2010) The diversity of earthworms in Danang city. Journal of Science and Technology, Danang University, 5 (40), 60 - 69.","Nguyen, T. T. & Tran, T. A. T. (2008) Composition and Distribution of Earthworms Belt of Tien River. Journal of Science, Can Tho University, 10, 59 - 66.","Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen, T. D. & Pham, T. T. (2011) Preliminary data on earthworms in mainland mountain region of Kien Giang Province. Proceeding of the 4 th national workshop on ecology and biological resources. Hanoi Agriculture Publishing House, Hanoi, 1024 - 1030.","Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen, T. K. P. & Ho, M. T. (2012) Diversity and distributional characteristics of earthworms in An Giang province. Journal of Science, Can Tho University, 22 A, 143 - 153.","Nguyen, T. T. (2013) The earthworm fauna of the Cuu Long delta. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 169 pp.","Nguyen, T. T., Tran, T. T. B. & Nguyen, D. A. (2014) Earthworms of the ' acaecate' Pheretima group in Vietnam (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae), with description of a new species from the Mekong delta. Zootaxa, 3866 (1), 105 - 121. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3866.1.5","Sims, R. W. & Easton, E. G. (1972) A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4, 169 - 268. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1972. tb 00694. x","Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)","Blakemore, R. J. (2008 b) List of earthworms from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Excel spreadsheet). In: A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World - 2 nd Edition (2008). VermEcology, Yokohama. CD - ROM. Avaliable from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm / Vietnam % 20 + % 20 Lao s % 20 + % 20 Cambodia 1. xls (Accessed 21 Jul. 2016)","Rosa, D. (1890 b) Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmanica e regioni vicini, XXVI. Perichaetidi. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria, 10, 107 - 122.","Gates, G. E. (1930) The earthworms of Burma. I. Records of Indian Museum, 32, 257 - 356.","Thai, T. B., Huynh, T. K. H. & Nguyen, D. A. (2004) Remarks of earthworms on the islands in southern of Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 757 - 760.","Nguyen, V. T. (1994) The earthworm fauna of Binh Tri Thien region. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 193 pp.","Gates, G. E. (1972) Burmese Earthworms: An Introduction to the Systematics and Biology of Megadrile Oligochaetes with Special Reference to Southeast Asia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, N. S. 62 (7), 1 - 326. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1006214","Easton, E. G. (1982) Australian pheretimoid earthworms (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta): a synopsis with the description of a new genus and five new species. Australian Journal of Zoology, 30 (4), 711 - 735. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9820711","Thai, T. B. & Do, V. N. (1989) Remarks on earthworm fauna in Phnompenh and the neighbouring regions. Journal of Science of HNUE, special issue, 76 - 78.","Thai, T. B. & Samphon, K. (1991) Earthworms of some regions skirting the middle part of Mekong river in Laos (From Vientiane to Pacse). TAP CHI SINH HOC, 13 (4), 1 - 10.","Shen, H. - P. & Yeo, D. C. J. (2005) Terrestrial earthworms (Oligochaeta) from Singapore. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 53 (1), 13 - 33."]}

Metaphire bahli (Gates, 1945) Pheretima bahli Gates, 1945b: 85; Thai & Samphon 1991: 4; Nguyen 1994: 39; Pham 1995c: 68; Nakamura 1999: 40; Thai 2000a: 308; Thai et al. 2004: 758; Huynh 2005a: 87; Nguyen V.T. & Tran 2008: 184; Nguyen et al. 2010: 114; Pham 2010: 62; Nguyen & Nguyen 2010: 123; Nguyen & Huynh 2011: 1018; Nguyen et al. 2011: 1025; Nguyen et al. 2012: 146; Nguyen 2013: 46; Nguyen 2014: 109. Pheretima (Amynthas) bahli��� Thai 1983: 124. Metaphire bahli��� Sims & Easton 1972: 239; Blakemore 2007a: 10; Blakemore 2008b; Blakemore et al. 2007: 29; Blakemore 2016 (removing synonyms saigonensis and bangoiana): 22, figs 1, 9a���d, 10. Type locality. Sri Lanka (Colombo). Type material. Unknown. Examined material. 16 C (SORC-V.124.01) Bau Can, Gia Lai, 29/11/1979; 13 C (SORC-V.124.02) field of sweet potato, Lam Vien plateau, Da Lat, Lam Dong, 25/10/1995; 30 C (CTU-EW.004.01) long-term tree garden, Phu Ngoc commune, Dinh Quan, Dong Nai, 14/10/2013, coll. Le Van Nhan; 30 C and 2 A (CTU-EW.004.02) Xuan Loc, Dong Nai, 9���10/2012, coll. Nguyen Van Thang; 22 C (CTU-EW.004.03) short-term tree garden, Phu Loc commune, Tan Phu, Dong Nai, 13/10/2013, coll. Le Van Nhan; 16 C and 1 A (CTU-EW.004.04) plantation, Vinh Cuu, Dong Nai, 13/9/2012, coll. Duong Chi Trong; 26 C (CTU-EW.004.05) natural forest, Nhon mountain, Tinh Bien, An Giang, 7/11/2010, coll. Nguyen Thanh Tung. Records from Vietnam. Quang Binh (Minh Hoa); Thua Thien Hue (A Luoi); Da Nang; Quang Nam (Tra My); Kon Tum (Dak Glei; Sa Thay); Gia Lai (Pleiku: Bau Can; Duc Co); Binh Dinh (Quy Nhon, Cu Lao Xanh); Dak Lak (Buon Me Thuot); Binh Thuan (Gia An); Khanh Hoa (Nha Tranh: Ba Ngoi); Ba Ria-Vung Tau (Con Lon Isl.); Ho Chi Minh city; Dong Nai (Vinh Cuu; Xuan Loc; Tan Phu; Trang Bom; Nhon Trach; Long Thanh); Tay Ninh (Ba Den Mts); Tien Giang (Tan Phu Dong; Cai Lay; Cai Be); Ben Tre (Binh Dai; Thanh Phu; Ba Tri); Vinh Long (Long Ho; Vung Liem; Vinh Long City); Can Tho (Cai Rang; Ninh Kieu; O Mon; Thot Not; Phong Dien); Tra Vinh (Duyen Hai; Tra Cu); Kien Giang (Ha Tien Town, Lai Son Mts); An Giang (Nguyen 1994; Pham 1995c, 2010; Huynh 2005a; Michaelsen 1934; Thai et al. 2004; Omodeo 1957; Nguyen V. T. & Tran 2008; Nguyet et al. 2009, 2010; Nguyen 2014). Distribution. Philippines, Sri Lanka, Laos, Cambodia (Gates 1945b, 1972; Blakemore 2007a; Thai & Samphon 1991; Thai & Do 1989). Vietnamese name. Giun bahl. Remarks. Although the morphology of the male region of M. saigonensis is similar to that of M. peguana, the distance between male pores is totally different among the two species. Thai (1983, 2000) had suggested that saigonensis is a synonym of " Pheretima " bahli Gates, 1945; however, Blakemore (2005, 2016) restored both saigonensis and bangoiana separately from Metaphire bahli., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Gates, G. E. (1945 b) On some earthworms from Ceylon II. Spolia Zeylanica, 24, 69 - 90.","Thai, T. B. & Samphon, K. (1991) Earthworms of some regions skirting the middle part of Mekong river in Laos (From Vientiane to Pacse). TAP CHI SINH HOC, 13 (4), 1 - 10.","Nguyen, V. T. (1994) The earthworm fauna of Binh Tri Thien region. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 193 pp.","Pham, T. H. H. (1995 c) The earthworm fauna of Quang Nam-Da Nang. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 180 pp.","Nakamura, Y. (1999) Checklist of earthworms of Pheretima genus group (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) of the world. Edaphologia, 64, 1 - 78.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Thai, T. B., Huynh, T. K. H. & Nguyen, D. A. (2004) Remarks of earthworms on the islands in southern of Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 757 - 760.","Huynh, T. K. H. (2005 a) The earthworm fauna of southern part of central Vietnam and their potential usages. Medicine Publishing House, Hanoi, 189 pp.","Nguyen, T. T. & Tran, T. A. T. (2008) Composition and Distribution of Earthworms Belt of Tien River. Journal of Science, Can Tho University, 10, 59 - 66.","Pham, T. H. H. (2010) The diversity of earthworms in Danang city. Journal of Science and Technology, Danang University, 5 (40), 60 - 69.","Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen, T. D. & Pham, T. T. (2011) Preliminary data on earthworms in mainland mountain region of Kien Giang Province. Proceeding of the 4 th national workshop on ecology and biological resources. Hanoi Agriculture Publishing House, Hanoi, 1024 - 1030.","Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen, T. K. P. & Ho, M. T. (2012) Diversity and distributional characteristics of earthworms in An Giang province. Journal of Science, Can Tho University, 22 A, 143 - 153.","Nguyen, T. T. (2013) The earthworm fauna of the Cuu Long delta. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 169 pp.","Nguyen, T. T., Tran, T. T. B. & Nguyen, D. A. (2014) Earthworms of the ' acaecate' Pheretima group in Vietnam (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae), with description of a new species from the Mekong delta. Zootaxa, 3866 (1), 105 - 121. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3866.1.5","Thai, T. B. (1983) Earthworms of Vietnam (Systematic, fauna, distribution and zoogeographic). PhD dissertation in Zooglogy. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia [in Russian]","Sims, R. W. & Easton, E. G. (1972) A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4, 169 - 268. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1972. tb 00694. x","Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)","Blakemore, R. J. (2008 b) List of earthworms from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Excel spreadsheet). In: A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World - 2 nd Edition (2008). VermEcology, Yokohama. CD - ROM. Avaliable from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm / Vietnam % 20 + % 20 Lao s % 20 + % 20 Cambodia 1. xls (Accessed 21 Jul. 2016)","Blakemore, R. J. (2016) Darwin's earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Acanthodrilidae, Octochaetidae, Megascolecidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae) with review of cosmopolitan Metaphire peguana - species group from Philippines. Opuscula Zoologic a, 47 (1), 09 - 30. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.18348 / opzool. 2016.1.9","Omodeo, P. (1957) Oligocheti dell' Indocina e del Mediterraneo Orientale. Memorie del Musceo Civico di Storia Naturale, 5, 321 - 336.","Gates, G. E. (1972) Burmese Earthworms: An Introduction to the Systematics and Biology of Megadrile Oligochaetes with Special Reference to Southeast Asia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, N. S. 62 (7), 1 - 326. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1006214","Thai, T. B. & Do, V. N. (1989) Remarks on earthworm fauna in Phnompenh and the neighbouring regions. Journal of Science of HNUE, special issue, 76 - 78.","Blakemore, R. J. (2005) A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World. Eds.: Kaneko, N. & Ito, M. T. COE Soil Ecology Research Group, Yokohama National University, Japan. CD-ROM. [Published 30 th June, 2005]."]}

Amynthas wui (Chen, 1935) Pheretima wui Chen, 1935: 109, Fig. 1; Tran 1985: 50; Do 1994: 114; Le 1995a: 39; Pham 1995c: 92; Nakamura 1999: 22; Thai 2000a: 310; Huynh et al. 2005: 180; Tran & Ngo 2008: 133; Tran & Tran 2010: 8; Pham 2010: 64. Pheretima (Terrata) wui��� Thai 1983: 123. Amynthas wui��� Sims & Easton 1972: 236; Blakemore 2007a: 106; Blakemore 2008b. Type locality. China (Fukien: Amoy). Type material. No. 13213, Museum of Biological Laboratory, Science Society of China. Records from Vietnam. Dien Bien (Tuan Giao; Dien Bien Phu); Son La (Moc Chau); Hoa Binh (Tan Lac); Lao Cai (Pho Lu); Yen Bai (Luc Yen); Phu Tho (Doan Hung; Xuan Son NP); Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao); Bac Can (Bac Can); Bac Giang (Luc Ngan; Tan Yen; Khe Ro NR); Cao Bang (Trung Khanh; Cao Bang; Ha Lang; Thach An); Lang Son (Bac Son); Hai Phong (Cat Ba Isl.); Hanoi (Soc Son); Da Nang (Hoa Vang; Son Tra; Hai Van; Ba Na NP) (Tran 1985; Do 1994; Le 1995a; Pham 1995c, 2010; Huynh et al. 2005; Tran & Ngo 2008; Tran & Tran 2010) Distribution. China (Chen 1935). Vietnamese name. Giun wu. Remarks. The species seems to be widely distributed in northern Vietnam. Thai (1983) proposed a new subgenus Terrata of the genus Pheretima, and placed the species under the new subgenus., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Chen, Y. (1935) On two new species of Oligochaeta from Amoy. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China, Zoological Series, 11 (4), 109 - 122.","Tran, T. M. (1985) The earthworm fauna of Red River Delta. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 126 pp.","Le, V. T. (1995 a) The earthworm fauna of Northeastern Vietnam. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 148 pp.","Pham, T. H. H. (1995 c) The earthworm fauna of Quang Nam-Da Nang. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 180 pp.","Nakamura, Y. (1999) Checklist of earthworms of Pheretima genus group (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) of the world. Edaphologia, 64, 1 - 78.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Tran, T. T. B. & Ngo, V. N. (2008) Composition and distribution of earthworms in Khe Ro natural Reserve. Journal of Science of HNUE, Natural Science, 53 (3), 131 - 137.","Tran, T. T. B. & Tran, H. N. (2010) Composition and distribution of earthworms in Luc Ngan District, Bac Giang province, and potential using in anti-erosion and in soil amelioration. TAP CHI SINH HOC, 32 (1), 6 - 13.","Pham, T. H. H. (2010) The diversity of earthworms in Danang city. Journal of Science and Technology, Danang University, 5 (40), 60 - 69.","Thai, T. B. (1983) Earthworms of Vietnam (Systematic, fauna, distribution and zoogeographic). PhD dissertation in Zooglogy. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia [in Russian]","Sims, R. W. & Easton, E. G. (1972) A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4, 169 - 268. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1972. tb 00694. x","Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)","Blakemore, R. J. (2008 b) List of earthworms from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Excel spreadsheet). In: A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World - 2 nd Edition (2008). VermEcology, Yokohama. CD - ROM. Avaliable from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm / Vietnam % 20 + % 20 Lao s % 20 + % 20 Cambodia 1. xls (Accessed 21 Jul. 2016)"]}

Polypheretima parataprobanae (Thai & Nguyen, 1993) Pheretima parataprobanae Thai & Nguyen, 1993: 7, fig. 1C; Pham 1995c: 102; Nakamura 1999: 23; Thai 2000a: 310; Nguyen V.T. & Tran 2008: 185; Pham 2010: 63. Polypheretima? parataprobanae��� Blakemore 2007a: 77; Blakemore 2008b. Polypheretima parataprobanae��� Nguyen et al. 2014: 116. Type locality. Vietnam (Thua Thien Hue). Type material. SORC (HV.225), Vietnam Examined material. 1 C (SORC-HV.225) Thua Thien Hue Prov., Hue city, Nguyet Bieu, sandy garden, 13/ 01/1985, coll. Nguyen Van Thuan. Records from Vietnam. Thua Thien Hue (Hue city, Bach Ma NP); Da Nang (Hoa Vang); Binh Dinh; (Nguyen 1993; Pham 1995c; Nguyen V. T. & Tran 2008; Pham 2010). Distribution. Only known from Vietnam. Vietnamese name. Tr��n c���n taprobanae. Remarks. The species is fairly similar to Polypheretima taprobanae (Beddard, 1892), but differs in absence of genital markings in the male region, and having a pair of genital markings near the spermathecal pores., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Nguyen, V. T. (1993) Some new species of earthworms of genus Pheretima Kinberg, 1867 (Megascolecidae - Oligochaeta) from Thua Thien - Hue, Vietnam. TAP CHI SINH HOC, 15 (1), 5 - 8.","Pham, T. H. H. (1995 c) The earthworm fauna of Quang Nam-Da Nang. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 180 pp.","Nakamura, Y. (1999) Checklist of earthworms of Pheretima genus group (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) of the world. Edaphologia, 64, 1 - 78.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Nguyen, T. T. & Tran, T. A. T. (2008) Composition and Distribution of Earthworms Belt of Tien River. Journal of Science, Can Tho University, 10, 59 - 66.","Pham, T. H. H. (2010) The diversity of earthworms in Danang city. Journal of Science and Technology, Danang University, 5 (40), 60 - 69.","Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)","Blakemore, R. J. (2008 b) List of earthworms from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Excel spreadsheet). In: A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World - 2 nd Edition (2008). VermEcology, Yokohama. CD - ROM. Avaliable from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm / Vietnam % 20 + % 20 Lao s % 20 + % 20 Cambodia 1. xls (Accessed 21 Jul. 2016)","Nguyen, T. T., Tran, T. T. B. & Nguyen, D. A. (2014) Earthworms of the ' acaecate' Pheretima group in Vietnam (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae), with description of a new species from the Mekong delta. Zootaxa, 3866 (1), 105 - 121. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3866.1.5"]}

Amynthas paraduplicoecus (Do & Huynh, 1991) Pheretima paraduplicoeca Do & Huynh, 1991 (in: Do et al. 1991): 53, fig. 4 A; Do 1994: 100; Thai 2000a: 309. Amynthas ? paraduplicoecus��� Blakemore 2007a: 76; Blakemore 2008b. Type locality. Vietnam (Son La: Moc Chau). Type material. SORC, Vietnam. Examined material. 2 C (SORC-HPV.076) forest, Moc Chau, Son La, 10/1990, coll. Huynh Thi Kim Hoi. Records from Vietnam. Son La (Moc Chau) (Do et al. 1991; Do 1994). Distribution. Only known from Vietnam. Vietnamese name. Giun c���n duplicoecus. Remarks. Blakemore (2007a, 2008b) considered it as " species inquirenda ". Material was re-examined and absence of male copulatory pouches and hence placement of the species in Amynthas is confirmed here., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Do, V. N., Usachev, V. L. & Huynh, T. K. H. (1991) Species composition and distributional characteristics of earthworms in Moc Chau, Son La. Journal of Science of HNUE, 5, 46 - 57.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)","Blakemore, R. J. (2008 b) List of earthworms from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Excel spreadsheet). In: A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World - 2 nd Edition (2008). VermEcology, Yokohama. CD - ROM. Avaliable from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm / Vietnam % 20 + % 20 Lao s % 20 + % 20 Cambodia 1. xls (Accessed 21 Jul. 2016)"]}

Amynthas dorsomorrisi (Do & Tran, 1995) Pheretima dorsomorrisi Do & Tran, 1995 (in: Do et al. 1995): 89, fig. 1D; Thai 2000a: 308. Amynthas ? dorsomorrisi— Blakemore 2007a: 31; Blakemore 2008b. Type locality. Vietnam (Nghe An: Quy Chau). Type material. SORC, Vietnam. Examined material. 8 C and 2 A (SORC-V.039.02) Muong Long, Muong Xeng, Ky Son, Nghe An, 18/6/ 1986, coll. Tran Minh Khoi. Records from Vietnam. Nghe An (Que Phong; Quy Chau) (Do et al. 1995). Distribution. Only known from Vietnam. Vietnamese name. Giun cận morrisi lưng. Remarks. The species is closely similar to Amynthas morrisi (Beddard, 1895), but can be recognised by spermathecal pores on dorsum. Blakemore (2007a, 2008b) considered it as " species inquirenda ". Material was reexamined and absence of male copulatory pouches and hence placement of the species in Amynthas is confirmed here.

Metaphire dawydovi (Michaelsen, 1934b) Pheretima dawydovi Michaelsen, 1934b: 517, Fig. XV; Nakamura 1999: 41; Thai 2000a: 308; Huynh 2005a: 115; Nguyen V.T. & Tran 2008: 184. Pheretima (Terrata) dawydovi��� Thai 1983: 123. Metaphire dawydovi��� Sims & Easton 1972: 238; Blakemore 2007a: 28; Blakemore 2008b. Type locality. Vietnam (Lam Dong: Da Lat). Type material. MNHN (AE651 (A 709)), France. Records from Vietnam. Thua Thien Hue (A Luoi; Phu Loc); Lam Dong (Da Lat: Langbian Mts); Binh Dinh (Michaelsen 1934b; Nguyen 1994; Nguyen V. T. & Tran 2008). Distribution. Only known from Vietnam. Vietnamese name. Giun dawydov. Remarks. The species has been only known from mountainous areas. Thai (1983) proposed a new subgenus Terrata of the genus Pheretima, and placed the species under the new subgenus. No material for examination was available., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Michaelsen, W. (1934 b) Oligochaten von Franzosisch-Indochina. Archive de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 76, 493 - 546.","Nakamura, Y. (1999) Checklist of earthworms of Pheretima genus group (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) of the world. Edaphologia, 64, 1 - 78.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Huynh, T. K. H. (2005 a) The earthworm fauna of southern part of central Vietnam and their potential usages. Medicine Publishing House, Hanoi, 189 pp.","Nguyen, T. T. & Tran, T. A. T. (2008) Composition and Distribution of Earthworms Belt of Tien River. Journal of Science, Can Tho University, 10, 59 - 66.","Thai, T. B. (1983) Earthworms of Vietnam (Systematic, fauna, distribution and zoogeographic). PhD dissertation in Zooglogy. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia [in Russian]","Sims, R. W. & Easton, E. G. (1972) A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4, 169 - 268. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1972. tb 00694. x","Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)","Blakemore, R. J. (2008 b) List of earthworms from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Excel spreadsheet). In: A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World - 2 nd Edition (2008). VermEcology, Yokohama. CD - ROM. Avaliable from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm / Vietnam % 20 + % 20 Lao s % 20 + % 20 Cambodia 1. xls (Accessed 21 Jul. 2016)","Nguyen, V. T. (1994) The earthworm fauna of Binh Tri Thien region. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 193 pp."]}

Metaphire gastromonotheca (Do & Tran, 1995) Pheretima gastromonotheca Do & Tran, 1995 (in: Do et al. 1995): 91, fig. 2 A; Thai 2000a: 309. Metaphire ? gastromonotheca��� Blakemore 2007a: 41; Blakemore 2008b. Type locality. Vietnam (Nghe An: Quy Chau). Type material. SORC, Vietnam. Records from Vietnam. Nghe An (Quy Chau; Tan Ky) (Do et al. 1995). Distribution. Only known from Vietnam. Vietnamese name. Giun m���t l��� nh���n tinh b���ng. Remarks. The species is typically characterized by having only one spermathecal pore ventrally. Further examination was not possible because all previously collected material has been lost., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Do, V. N., Le, V. T. & Tran, M. K. (1995) New species of earthworm of genus Pheretima Kinberg, 1867 (Megascolecidae, Oligochaeta) from mountain of Nghe An Province. TAP CHI SINH HOC, 17 (3), 88 - 94.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)","Blakemore, R. J. (2008 b) List of earthworms from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Excel spreadsheet). In: A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World - 2 nd Edition (2008). VermEcology, Yokohama. CD - ROM. Avaliable from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm / Vietnam % 20 + % 20 Lao s % 20 + % 20 Cambodia 1. xls (Accessed 21 Jul. 2016)"]}

Amynthas cupreae (Chen, 1946) Pheretima cupreae Chen, 1946: 117, Plate VII, Fig. C; Sims & Easton 1972: 224; Easton, 1979: 117; Do: 1994: 65; Le 1995a: 54; Nakamura 1999: 36; Nakamura 1999: 63; Thai 2000a: 308; Huynh & Nguyen 2004a: 115; Tran & Ngo 2008: 133. Amynthas? cupreae��� Blakemore 2007a: 25; Blakemore 2008b. Type locality. China (Szechuan). Type material. Unknown. Examined material. 3 C, 5 A (SORC-V.131.01), 3 C (CTU-EW.053.01) rotting woods, Khuoi Da, Thach An, Cao Bang, 18/3/1992, coll. Le Van Trien; 1 C, 2 A (SORC-V.131.02) Bac Son, Lang Son, 26/11/1993, coll. Le Van Trien. Records from Vietnam. Lao Cai (Sa Pa); Yen B a i (Luc Yen; Yen Binh); Ha Giang (Quan Ba); Lang Son (Bac Son); Cao Bang (Thach An); Bac Giang (Khe Ro NR); Hanoi (Ba Vi NP) (Do 1994; Le 1995a; Huynh & Nguyen 2004a; Tran & Ngo 2008). Distribution. China (Chen 1946). Remarks. Sims & Easton (1972) stated that the species can be excluded from Metaphire or Pheretima because of the absence of copulatory pouches, but it cannot be assigned to a genus due to lack of details of the presence or absence of intestinal caeca. Therefore, it was listed as "species incertae sedis " on page 241 of Sims & Easton (1972). The examined population in Vietnam showed the presence of intestinal caeca in xxi���xxvii. The species is confirmedly assigned to the genus Amynthas., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on pages 20-21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Chen, Y. (1946) On the terrestrial oligochaeta from Szechuan III. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China, Zoological Series, 16, 83 - 141.","Sims, R. W. & Easton, E. G. (1972) A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4, 169 - 268. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1972. tb 00694. x","Easton, E. G. (1979) A revision of the ' acaecate' earthworms of the Pheretima group (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta): Archipheretima, Metapheretima, Planapheretima, Pleionogaster and Polypheretima. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 35, 1 - 126. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 20451","Le, V. T. (1995 a) The earthworm fauna of Northeastern Vietnam. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 148 pp.","Nakamura, Y. (1999) Checklist of earthworms of Pheretima genus group (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) of the world. Edaphologia, 64, 1 - 78.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Huynh, T. K. H. & Nguyen, D. A. (2004 a) Diversity of earthworms of Bavi National Park, Hatay province. The proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science, 114 - 117. [Science and Technics Publishing House, Hanoi]","Tran, T. T. B. & Ngo, V. N. (2008) Composition and distribution of earthworms in Khe Ro natural Reserve. Journal of Science of HNUE, Natural Science, 53 (3), 131 - 137.","Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)","Blakemore, R. J. (2008 b) List of earthworms from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Excel spreadsheet). In: A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World - 2 nd Edition (2008). VermEcology, Yokohama. CD - ROM. Avaliable from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm / Vietnam % 20 + % 20 Lao s % 20 + % 20 Cambodia 1. xls (Accessed 21 Jul. 2016)"]}

Genus Eisenia Malm, 1877 Eisenia Malm, 1877: 45; Michaelsen 1900: 471; Reynolds & Cook 1976: 51. Type species. Enterion fetidum Savigny, 1826. Distribution. Palaearctic (Blakemore 2002). Remarks. About 30 species are known (Blakemore 2002), but only one has been reported from Vietnam., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Malm, 1877. Zoolog. Observ. VII, Annulater i hafvet utmid Sverges. Ofvers. Hortik. Forh. Goteborg, 14, 69 - 105.","Michaelsen, W. (1900) Oligochaeta. Das Tierreich, 10, 1 - 575.","Reynolds, J. W. & Cook, D. G. (1976) Nomenclatura Oligochaetologica: a catalogue of names, descriptions and type specimens of the Oligochaeta. University of New Brunswick, Fredericton (or Ottawa, Runge Press), 217 pp.","Savigny (1826) Analyse d'un Memoire sur les Lombrics par Cuvier. Memoires de l'Academie (royale) des sciences de l'Institut (imperial) de France, 5, 176 - 184.","Blakemore, R. J. (2002) Cosmopolitan Earthworms - an Eco - Taxonomic Guide to the Peregrine Species of the World. 2 nd Ed. VermEcology, PO BOX 414 Kippax, ACT 2615, Australia. August, 2002."]}

Eukerria kuekenthali (Michaelsen, 1908) Kerria k��kenthali Michaelsen, 1908: 24, Plate 1, Fig. 1. Eukerria k��kenthali��� Michaelsen, 1935b: 102. Eukerria kukenthali��� Gates 1972: 269; Thai 2000a: 311; Thai 2000b: 1; Huynh 2005a: 162. Eukerria kuekenthali��� Blakemore 2002: 79 (nomen correctum); Blakemore 2008. Kerria selangorensis Stephenson, 1931b: 279, synonymized by Michaelsen (1935b). Eukerria peguana Gates, 1942: 67, synonymized by Gates (1972). Type locality. West Indies (St Thomas). Type material. Berlin and Hamburg Museum, Germany. Records from Vietnam. Da Nang (Hoa Vang); Quang Ngai (Duc Trach); Binh Dinh (Cat Ninh; An Nhon); Phu Yen (Dong Hoa); Khanh Hoa (Nha Trang; Van Ninh; Ninh Hoa; Dien Khanh); Ninh Thuan (Ninh Son); Binh Thuan (Phan Thiet; Duc Linh) (Thai 2000b). Distribution. A cosmopolitan species; be distributed in Malaysia, Myanmar, West Indies, Puerto Rico, Brazil, Australia (Christmas Island) (Blakemore 2002). Vietnamese name. Giun eukerria kuekenthal. Remarks. The species probably originates from the neotropical regions (Michaelsen 1935b). In Vietnam, it is usually found in wet soils (Thai 2000b)., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on pages 78-79, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Michaelsen, W. (1908) Die Oligochaten Westindiens. Zoologische Jahrbuecher Jena, Supplement 11, 13 - 32.","Michaelsen, W. (1935 b) Oligochaeta from Christmas Island, South of Java. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 10, 15, 100 - 108. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933508654945","Gates, G. E. (1972) Burmese Earthworms: An Introduction to the Systematics and Biology of Megadrile Oligochaetes with Special Reference to Southeast Asia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, N. S. 62 (7), 1 - 326. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1006214","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Thai, T. B. (2000 b) The Oligochaeta family Ocnerodrilidae Beddard, 1891 in Vietnam. TAP CHI SINH HOC, 22 (1), 1 - 5.","Huynh, T. K. H. (2005 a) The earthworm fauna of southern part of central Vietnam and their potential usages. Medicine Publishing House, Hanoi, 189 pp.","Blakemore, R. J. (2002) Cosmopolitan Earthworms - an Eco - Taxonomic Guide to the Peregrine Species of the World. 2 nd Ed. VermEcology, PO BOX 414 Kippax, ACT 2615, Australia. August, 2002.","Stephenson, J. (1931 b) Oligochaeta from the Malay Peninsula. Journal of Federated Malay States Museums, 16, 261 - 285.","Gates, G. E. (1942) Notes on various peregrine earthworms. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 89, 63 - 144."]}

Amynthas tonkinensis (Michaelsen, 1934b) Pheretima tonkinensis Michaelsen, 1934b: 529, Fig. XX; Nakamura 1999: 55; Thai 2000a: 310. Pheretima (Terrata) tonkinensis��� Thai 1983: 123. Amynthas tonkinensis��� Sims & Easton 1972: 235; Blakemore 2007a: 99; Blakemore 2008b. Type locality. Vietnam (Phu Tho: Phu Ho). Type material. MNHN ( AE592 (A 730)), France. Records from Vietnam. Phu Tho (Phu Ho) (Michaelsen, 1934b). Distribution. Only known from Vietnam. Vietnamese name. Giun b���c b���. Remarks. There are no other records since its original description. Thai (1983) proposed a new subgenus Terrata of the genus Pheretima, and placed the species under the new subgenus., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 47, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Michaelsen, W. (1934 b) Oligochaten von Franzosisch-Indochina. Archive de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 76, 493 - 546.","Nakamura, Y. (1999) Checklist of earthworms of Pheretima genus group (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) of the world. Edaphologia, 64, 1 - 78.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Thai, T. B. (1983) Earthworms of Vietnam (Systematic, fauna, distribution and zoogeographic). PhD dissertation in Zooglogy. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia [in Russian]","Sims, R. W. & Easton, E. G. (1972) A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4, 169 - 268. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1972. tb 00694. x","Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)","Blakemore, R. J. (2008 b) List of earthworms from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Excel spreadsheet). In: A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World - 2 nd Edition (2008). VermEcology, Yokohama. CD - ROM. Avaliable from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm / Vietnam % 20 + % 20 Lao s % 20 + % 20 Cambodia 1. xls (Accessed 21 Jul. 2016)"]}

Malabaria levis (Chen, 1938) Filodrilus levis Chen, 1938: 422, Fig. 19. Malabaria levis��� Gates 1942: 92; Gates 1972: 265; Thai 1983: 121; Thai 2000a: 311; Thai 2000b: 1; Blakemore 2008. Type locality. China (Hainan Isl.). Type material. Unknown. Records from Vietnam. Hanoi (Tu Liem) (Thai 2000b). Distribution. Myanmar, China (Chen 1938; Gates 1972). Vietnamese name. Giun malabaria nh���., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Chen, Y. (1938) Oligochaeta from Hainan, Kwangtung. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China, Zoological Series, 12 (10), 375 - 427.","Gates, G. E. (1942) Notes on various peregrine earthworms. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 89, 63 - 144.","Gates, G. E. (1972) Burmese Earthworms: An Introduction to the Systematics and Biology of Megadrile Oligochaetes with Special Reference to Southeast Asia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, N. S. 62 (7), 1 - 326. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1006214","Thai, T. B. (1983) Earthworms of Vietnam (Systematic, fauna, distribution and zoogeographic). PhD dissertation in Zooglogy. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia [in Russian]","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Thai, T. B. (2000 b) The Oligochaeta family Ocnerodrilidae Beddard, 1891 in Vietnam. TAP CHI SINH HOC, 22 (1), 1 - 5."]}

Amynthas zoysiae (Chen, 1933) Pheretima zoysiae Chen, 1933: 288; Le 1995a: 46; Nakamura 1999: 22; Thai 2000a: 310; Huynh et al. 2005: 180. Type locality. China (Chekiang: Lin-hai). Type material. ZMNU (No. 570). Records from Vietnam. Bac Giang (Luc Ngan); Phu Tho (Doan Hung; Xuan Son NP) (Le 1995a; Huynh et al. 2005). Distribution. China (Chen 1933). Remarks. The species was synonymized with Amynthas minimus (Horst, 1893) (Easton 1981; Blakemore 2002), but Shen and Yeo (2005) re-validated this species. A. zoysiae differs from A. minimus in lower setal number and larger prostate glands (Shen & Yeo 2005: 22)., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Chen, Y. (1933) The preliminary survey of the earthworms of the lower Yangtze valley. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China, Zoological Series, 9 (4), 177 - 294.","Le, V. T. (1995 a) The earthworm fauna of Northeastern Vietnam. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 148 pp.","Nakamura, Y. (1999) Checklist of earthworms of Pheretima genus group (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) of the world. Edaphologia, 64, 1 - 78.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Easton, E. G. (1981) Japanese earthworms: a synopsis of the Megadrile species (Oligochaeta). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), 40 (2), 33 - 65.","Blakemore, R. J. (2002) Cosmopolitan Earthworms - an Eco - Taxonomic Guide to the Peregrine Species of the World. 2 nd Ed. VermEcology, PO BOX 414 Kippax, ACT 2615, Australia. August, 2002.","Shen, H. - P. & Yeo, D. C. J. (2005) Terrestrial earthworms (Oligochaeta) from Singapore. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 53 (1), 13 - 33."]}

Amynthas aspergillum (Perrier, 1872) Perichaeta aspergillum Perrier, 1872: 118. Perichaeta takatorii Goto & Hatai, 1898: 76. Pheretima aspergillum��� Chen 1938: 382; Pham 1995c: 74; Nakamura 1999: 29; Thai 2000a: 308; Huynh & Nguyen 2004a: 115; Huynh 2005a: 100; Tran & Ngo 2008: 133; Nguyen V.T. & Tran 2008: 184; Pham 2010: 62. Amynthas aspergillus��� Sims & Easton 1972: 234. Pheretima (Amynthas) aspergillum��� Thai 1983: 124. Amynthas aspergillum��� Blakemore 2007a: 9; Blakemore 2008b. Type locality. China. Type material. MNHN, France. Examined material. 4 C, 1 A (SORC-V.122.04) Xuan Nha, Moc Chau, Son La, 17/11/1991; 3 C, 1 A (SORC-V.122.07) Luc Ngan Hill, Bac Giang, 11/5/1992; 10 C (CTU-EW.045.0 2) Cau Giay, Hanoi, 09/20013, coll. Thai Tran Bai; 7 C (CTUEW.045.01) Xuan Hoa, Thanh Hoa, 15/7/1999. Records from Vietnam. Widely distributed in Vietnam except southern Vietnam. Distribution. China, Taiwan (Blakemore 2002). Vietnamese name. Giun khoang. Remarks. The species is commonly found in northern and central Vietnam. Amynthas bachmaensis (Thai & Nguyen, 1993 ) Pheretima bachmaensis Thai & Nguyen, 1993 (in: Nguyen 1993): 7, fig. 1D; Nakamura 1999: 40; Thai 2000a: 308. Amynthas? bachmaensis��� Blakemore 2007a: 10; Blakemore 2008b. Type locality. Vietnam (Thua Thien Hue: Bach Ma NP). Type material. SORC, Vietnam. Records from Vietnam. Thua Thien Hue (Bach Ma NP; Nam Dong) (Nguyen 1993). Distribution. Only known from Vietnam. Vietnamese name. Giun b���ch m��. Remarks. The species is fairly similar to Metaphire dawydovi Michaelsen, 1934b in having three pairs of spermathecal pores and simple intestinal caeca, but can be distinguished by the position of the first dorsal pore and morphology of genital markings in the male region (Nguyen 1993). Blakemore (2007a, 2008b) considered it as " species inquirenda ", but no further examination was made to confirm its taxonomic status due to lack of available specimens and apparent loss of the type specimens., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on pages 15-16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Perrier, E. (1872) Recherches pour servir a l'histoire des Lombriciens terrestres. Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, 8, 5 - 198.","Goto, S. & Hatai, S. (1898) New or imperpectly known species of earthworm. Annotationes zoologicae japonenses, 2, 65 - 78.","Chen, Y. (1938) Oligochaeta from Hainan, Kwangtung. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China, Zoological Series, 12 (10), 375 - 427.","Pham, T. H. H. (1995 c) The earthworm fauna of Quang Nam-Da Nang. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 180 pp.","Nakamura, Y. (1999) Checklist of earthworms of Pheretima genus group (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) of the world. Edaphologia, 64, 1 - 78.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Huynh, T. K. H. & Nguyen, D. A. (2004 a) Diversity of earthworms of Bavi National Park, Hatay province. The proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science, 114 - 117. [Science and Technics Publishing House, Hanoi]","Huynh, T. K. H. (2005 a) The earthworm fauna of southern part of central Vietnam and their potential usages. Medicine Publishing House, Hanoi, 189 pp.","Tran, T. T. B. & Ngo, V. N. (2008) Composition and distribution of earthworms in Khe Ro natural Reserve. Journal of Science of HNUE, Natural Science, 53 (3), 131 - 137.","Nguyen, T. T. & Tran, T. A. T. (2008) Composition and Distribution of Earthworms Belt of Tien River. Journal of Science, Can Tho University, 10, 59 - 66.","Pham, T. H. H. (2010) The diversity of earthworms in Danang city. Journal of Science and Technology, Danang University, 5 (40), 60 - 69.","Sims, R. W. & Easton, E. G. (1972) A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4, 169 - 268. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1972. tb 00694. x","Thai, T. B. (1983) Earthworms of Vietnam (Systematic, fauna, distribution and zoogeographic). PhD dissertation in Zooglogy. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia [in Russian]","Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)","Blakemore, R. J. (2008 b) List of earthworms from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Excel spreadsheet). In: A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World - 2 nd Edition (2008). VermEcology, Yokohama. CD - ROM. Avaliable from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm / Vietnam % 20 + % 20 Lao s % 20 + % 20 Cambodia 1. xls (Accessed 21 Jul. 2016)","Blakemore, R. J. (2002) Cosmopolitan Earthworms - an Eco - Taxonomic Guide to the Peregrine Species of the World. 2 nd Ed. VermEcology, PO BOX 414 Kippax, ACT 2615, Australia. August, 2002.","Nguyen, V. T. (1993) Some new species of earthworms of genus Pheretima Kinberg, 1867 (Megascolecidae - Oligochaeta) from Thua Thien - Hue, Vietnam. TAP CHI SINH HOC, 15 (1), 5 - 8.","Michaelsen, W. (1934 b) Oligochaten von Franzosisch-Indochina. Archive de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 76, 493 - 546."]}

Lampito mauritii Kinberg, 1867 Lampito mauritii Kinberg, 1867: 103; Stephenson 1916: 315; Gates 1939: 78; Gates 1972: 133; Thai 1983: 122; Nguyen 1994: 36; Le 1995a: 70; Pham 1995c: 103; Thai 2000a: 310; Blakemore 2002: 137; Thai et al. 2004: 758; Huynh 2005a: 144; Thai et al. 2007: 312; Nguyen V.T. & Tran 2008: 184; Blakemore 2008; Nguyen et al. 2010: 114; Nguyen & Nguyen 2010: 123; Nguyen et al. 2012: 146; Nguyen 2013: 40; Nguyen 2014: 108. Megascolex mauritii��� Michaelsen, 1900: 227; Chen 1938: 381. Perichaeta armata Beddard, 1883: 216, figs 5���7. Perichaeta luzonica Perrier, 1875: 1044. See Michaelsen (1900), Gates (1972), Blakemore (2002: 137) for more synonyms. Type locality. Mauritius. Type material. Stockholm Museum (103), Sweden. Examined material. 10 C (CTU-EW.002.01) Xuan Loc, Dong Nai, 10/2012, coll. Nguyen Van Thang; 11 C (CTU-EW.002.03) Phung Hiep, Hau Giang, 9/10/2009, coll. Ngo Thi Ngan. Records from Vietnam. Hai Phong (Cat Ba Isl.); Quang Binh (Quang Trach; Dong Hoi; Le Thuy); Quang Tri (Gio Linh; Quang Tri); Thua Thien Hue (Phong Dien; Hue; Huong Thuy; Phu Loc); Da Nang (Hoa Vang; Son Tra); Quang Nam (Dien Ban; Hoi An; Duy Xuyen; Thang Binh; Que Son; Tam Ky; Nui Thanh: Tien Phuoc; Tra My); Quang Ngai (Quang Ngai); Binh Dinh (Quy Nhon; An Nhon; Cu Lao Xanh); Phu Yen (Tuy Hoa); Khanh Hoa (Nha Trang; Van Ninh; Ninh Hoa; Hon Tre Isl.); Ninh Thuan (Phan Rang); Binh Thuan (Phan Thiet; Bac Binh; Tuy Phong); Tay Ninh (Ba Den Mts); Dong Nai (Xuan Loc: Xuan Hoa; Nhon Trach: Phu Huu, Phu Dong; Long Thanh: Long Phuoc); Tien Giang (Go Cong Dong); Vinh Long (Vung Liem); Tra Vinh (Duyen Hai: Cu Lao Hoa Minh); Ben Tre (Binh Dai; Thanh Phu); Bac Lieu (Bac Lieu Town); Ca Mau (Ca Mau City); Hau Giang (Phung Hiep); An Giang (Tinh Bien) (Nguyen 1994; Le 1995a; Pham 1995c, 2010; Thai et al. 2004; Huynh 2005a; Nguyen & Tran 2008; Nguyen et al. 2010; Nguyen 2014). Distribution. Cosmopolitan species, widely known from China, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Singapore, India, Madagascar, Mauritius Isl. (Gates 1972; Thai & Do 1989; Blakemore 2002). Vietnamese name. Giun lampito mauriti. Remarks. The species is usually found in coastal regions in Vietnam., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Kinberg, J. G. H. (1867) Annulata Nova. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps - akademiens forhandlingar, 23, 97 - 103.","Stephenson, J. (1916) On a collection of Oligochaeta belonging to the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum, 12, 299 - 354.","Gates, G. E. (1939) Thai earthworms. Thailand Research Society, Natural History Supplementary, 12, 65 - 114.","Gates, G. E. (1972) Burmese Earthworms: An Introduction to the Systematics and Biology of Megadrile Oligochaetes with Special Reference to Southeast Asia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, N. S. 62 (7), 1 - 326. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1006214","Thai, T. B. (1983) Earthworms of Vietnam (Systematic, fauna, distribution and zoogeographic). PhD dissertation in Zooglogy. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia [in Russian]","Nguyen, V. T. (1994) The earthworm fauna of Binh Tri Thien region. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 193 pp.","Le, V. T. (1995 a) The earthworm fauna of Northeastern Vietnam. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 148 pp.","Pham, T. H. H. (1995 c) The earthworm fauna of Quang Nam-Da Nang. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 180 pp.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Blakemore, R. J. (2002) Cosmopolitan Earthworms - an Eco - Taxonomic Guide to the Peregrine Species of the World. 2 nd Ed. VermEcology, PO BOX 414 Kippax, ACT 2615, Australia. August, 2002.","Thai, T. B., Huynh, T. K. H. & Nguyen, D. A. (2004) Remarks of earthworms on the islands in southern of Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 757 - 760.","Huynh, T. K. H. (2005 a) The earthworm fauna of southern part of central Vietnam and their potential usages. Medicine Publishing House, Hanoi, 189 pp.","Thai, T. B., Do, V. N. & Nguyen, T. T. (2007) New data about earthworms on the Islands of Co Chien bank of Tien river. Proceeding of the 2 nd national workshop on ecology and biological resources. Hanoi Agriculture Publishing House, 308 - 314.","Nguyen, T. T. & Tran, T. A. T. (2008) Composition and Distribution of Earthworms Belt of Tien River. Journal of Science, Can Tho University, 10, 59 - 66.","Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen, T. K. P. & Ho, M. T. (2012) Diversity and distributional characteristics of earthworms in An Giang province. Journal of Science, Can Tho University, 22 A, 143 - 153.","Nguyen, T. T. (2013) The earthworm fauna of the Cuu Long delta. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 169 pp.","Nguyen, T. T., Tran, T. T. B. & Nguyen, D. A. (2014) Earthworms of the ' acaecate' Pheretima group in Vietnam (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae), with description of a new species from the Mekong delta. Zootaxa, 3866 (1), 105 - 121. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3866.1.5","Michaelsen, W. (1900) Oligochaeta. Das Tierreich, 10, 1 - 575.","Chen, Y. (1938) Oligochaeta from Hainan, Kwangtung. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China, Zoological Series, 12 (10), 375 - 427.","Beddard, F. E. (1883) Notes on some earthworms from India. Annals and Magazine of Natural History series, series 5 (12), 213 - 224. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938309459619","Perrier, E. (1875) Sur les vers de terre desiles de Philippines et de la Cochinchine. Les Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, 81, 1043 - 1046.","Pham, T. H. H. (2010) The diversity of earthworms in Danang city. Journal of Science and Technology, Danang University, 5 (40), 60 - 69.","Thai, T. B. & Do, V. N. (1989) Remarks on earthworm fauna in Phnompenh and the neighbouring regions. Journal of Science of HNUE, special issue, 76 - 78."]}

Amynthas modiglianii (Rosa, 1889) Perichaeta modiglianii Rosa, 1889: 134; Beddard 1895a: 405. Pheretima modiglianii��� Michaelsen 1900: 285; 1934b: 509; Nguyen 1994: 56; Pham 1995c: 85; Nakamura 1999: 53; Thai 2000a: 309; Huynh 2005a: 101; Nguyen V.T. & Tran 2008: 185; Pham 2010: 63. Pheretima (Amynthas) modigliani (sic!) ��� Thai 1983: 125. Amynthas modiglianii��� Sims & Easton 1972: 235; Blakemore 2007a: 65; Blakemore 2008b. Type locality. Indonesia (Sumatra: Nias). Type material. Unknown. Examined material. 10 C (CTU-EW.069.01) Tam Ky, Quang Nam, 27/2/1984, coll. Pham Thi Hong Ha; 13 C (SORC-V.150.08) garden, Nui Thanh, Quang Nam, 9/2/1990 coll. Pham Thi Hong Ha. Records from Vietnam. Quang Binh (Quang Rach); Quang Tri (Gio Linh; Huong Hoa); Thua Thien Hue (Huong Dien; Huong Tra; Hue; Huong Thuy; Nam Dong; Phu Loc); Da Nang (Son Tra; Hai Van); Quang Ngai (Quang Ngai; Tu Nghia; An Nhon; Son Ha; Hoai Nhon); Binh Dinh (Cu Lao Xanh); Phu Yen (Tuy Hoa); Khanh Hoa (Nha Trang; Van Ninh); Lam Dong (Da Lat): Ninh Thuan (Ninh Son; Ninh Phuoc); Binh Thuan (Phan Thiet; Bac Binh; Tuy Phong) (Nguyen 1994; Huynh 2005a; Nguyen V.T. & Tran 2008; Pham 2010). Distribution. Indonesia (Sumatra) (Blakemore, 2007a). Vietnamese name. Giun modigliani., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Rosa, D. (1889) I Lombrichi raccolti nell' isola Nias dal Signor E. Modigliani e descritti dal Dott. Daniele Rosa, Assistente al R. Museo Zoologico di Torino. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova, 27 (2), 125 - 136.","Beddard, F. E. (1895 a) A monograph of the Order Oligochaeta. The Clarendon Press, Oxford, 769 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 28557","Michaelsen, W. (1900) Oligochaeta. Das Tierreich, 10, 1 - 575.","Nguyen, V. T. (1994) The earthworm fauna of Binh Tri Thien region. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 193 pp.","Pham, T. H. H. (1995 c) The earthworm fauna of Quang Nam-Da Nang. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 180 pp.","Nakamura, Y. (1999) Checklist of earthworms of Pheretima genus group (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) of the world. Edaphologia, 64, 1 - 78.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Huynh, T. K. H. (2005 a) The earthworm fauna of southern part of central Vietnam and their potential usages. Medicine Publishing House, Hanoi, 189 pp.","Nguyen, T. T. & Tran, T. A. T. (2008) Composition and Distribution of Earthworms Belt of Tien River. Journal of Science, Can Tho University, 10, 59 - 66.","Pham, T. H. H. (2010) The diversity of earthworms in Danang city. Journal of Science and Technology, Danang University, 5 (40), 60 - 69.","Thai, T. B. (1983) Earthworms of Vietnam (Systematic, fauna, distribution and zoogeographic). PhD dissertation in Zooglogy. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia [in Russian]","Sims, R. W. & Easton, E. G. (1972) A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4, 169 - 268. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1972. tb 00694. x","Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)","Blakemore, R. J. (2008 b) List of earthworms from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Excel spreadsheet). In: A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World - 2 nd Edition (2008). VermEcology, Yokohama. CD - ROM. Avaliable from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm / Vietnam % 20 + % 20 Lao s % 20 + % 20 Cambodia 1. xls (Accessed 21 Jul. 2016)"]}

Amynthas rodericensis (Grube, 1879) Perichaeta rodericensis Grube, 1879: 554. Pheretima rodericensis��� Michaelsen, 1900: 299, 318; Gates 1972: 218; Do 1994: 110; Nguyen 1994: 66; Pham 1995a: 87; Nakamura 1999: 54; Thai 2000a: 310; Huynh 2005a: 104; Nguyen V.T. & Tran 2008: 185; Pham 2010: 63. Pheretima (Amynthas) rodericensis��� Thai 1983: 125. Amynthas rodericensis��� Sims & Easton 1972: 235; Easton, 1982: 729; Blakemore 2002: 186, Fig. 2.14; Blakemore 2007a: 86; Blakemore 2008. Perichaeta dyeri Beddard, 1892a: 157, Plate IX, Figs 2,8, Plate X, Fig. 1. Perichaeta sinensis Beddard, 1892a: 158, Plate IX, Figs 3,5, Plate X, Figs 2���4, 7,8. Perichaeta monilicystis Michaelsen, 1892: 251, Fig. 28. Type locality. Rodriguez. Type material. Wrocław ("Breslau") Museum and British Museum (Gates 1972). Examined material. 22 C (SORC-V.162.13) fruit tree lands, village 6, Thay Phuoc, Hiep Duc, Quang Nam, 17/12/1988, coll. Pham Thi Hong Ha; 5 C and 1 A (SORC-V.162.02) Canh Tien Tower, Do Ban, An Nhon, Binh Dinh, 15/11/1987, coll. Huynh Thi Kim Hoi. Records from Vietnam. Nghe An (Ky Son); Quang Binh (Tuyen Hoa; Quang Trach; Quang Ninh; Le Thuy); Quang Tri (Dong Ha; Gio Linh; Quang Tri; Huong Hoa); Thua Thien Hue (Huong Dien; Huong Tra; Hue; Huong Thuy; A Luoi; Nam Dong; Phu Loc); Da Nang (Hoa Vang; Son Tra; Hai Van; Ba Na NP); Quang Nam (Dien Ban; Hoi An; Duy Xuyen; Que Son; Hiep Duc; Tam Ky; Nui Thanh; Tien Phuoc; Phuoc Son; Tra My); Quang Ngai (Quang Ngai; Binh Son; Tu Nghia); Binh Dinh (Quy Nhon; Tuy Phuoc; Hoai Nhon; Phu My; An Nhon); Gia Lai (Buon Luoi); Dak Lak (Buon Me Thuot); Phu Yen (Song Cau; Tuy Hoa); Khanh Hoa (Nha Trang); Lam Dong (Da Lat) (Do 1994; Nguyen 1994; Pham 1995; Huynh 2005a; Nguyen V.T. & Tran 2008; Pham 2010). Distribution. Cosmopolitan species, known from USA, South America, Pacific Isls, Europe, India, Australia (Blakemore 2002). Remarks. The species seems to be widely distributed in the highlands and central parts of Vietnam., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Grube, E. (1879) Annelida. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 168, 554 - 556. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1098 / rstl. 1879.0057","Michaelsen, W. (1900) Oligochaeta. Das Tierreich, 10, 1 - 575.","Gates, G. E. (1972) Burmese Earthworms: An Introduction to the Systematics and Biology of Megadrile Oligochaetes with Special Reference to Southeast Asia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, N. S. 62 (7), 1 - 326. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1006214","Nguyen, V. T. (1994) The earthworm fauna of Binh Tri Thien region. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 193 pp.","Pham, T. H. H. (1995 a) Three new species of earthworm of genus Pheretima Kinberg, 1867 (Megascolecidae - Oligochaeta) from Quang Nam - Da Nang Province. TAP CHI SINH HOC, 17 (1), 22 - 24.","Nakamura, Y. (1999) Checklist of earthworms of Pheretima genus group (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) of the world. Edaphologia, 64, 1 - 78.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Huynh, T. K. H. (2005 a) The earthworm fauna of southern part of central Vietnam and their potential usages. Medicine Publishing House, Hanoi, 189 pp.","Nguyen, T. T. & Tran, T. A. T. (2008) Composition and Distribution of Earthworms Belt of Tien River. Journal of Science, Can Tho University, 10, 59 - 66.","Pham, T. H. H. (2010) The diversity of earthworms in Danang city. Journal of Science and Technology, Danang University, 5 (40), 60 - 69.","Thai, T. B. (1983) Earthworms of Vietnam (Systematic, fauna, distribution and zoogeographic). PhD dissertation in Zooglogy. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia [in Russian]","Sims, R. W. & Easton, E. G. (1972) A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4, 169 - 268. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1972. tb 00694. x","Easton, E. G. (1982) Australian pheretimoid earthworms (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta): a synopsis with the description of a new genus and five new species. Australian Journal of Zoology, 30 (4), 711 - 735. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9820711","Blakemore, R. J. (2002) Cosmopolitan Earthworms - an Eco - Taxonomic Guide to the Peregrine Species of the World. 2 nd Ed. VermEcology, PO BOX 414 Kippax, ACT 2615, Australia. August, 2002.","Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)","Beddard, F. E. (1892 a) On some species of the genus Perichaeta (sensu stricto). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1892, 153 - 172.","Michaelsen, W. (1892) Terricolen der Berliner Zoologischen Sammlung. II. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 58 (1), 209 - 261. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 8321"]}

Genus Pithemera Sims & Easton, 1972 Pithemera Sim & Easton, 1972: 202. Type species. Perichaeta bicincta Perrier, 1875, by original designation. Distribution. Mainly in Pacific Isls, e.g. Solomon Isl., New Britain, Fiji, Samoa, Philippines (Sims & Easton 1972: 202; Blakemore 2002: 223, 2012a). Remarks. Members of the genus are easily recognized by the presence of intestinal caeca at xxi���xxiv, absence of copulatory pouches, and single or paired female pores on xiv. Currently, twelve species have been described (Csuzdi 2012), but only one has been found in Vietnam., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Sims, R. W. & Easton, E. G. (1972) A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4, 169 - 268. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1972. tb 00694. x","Perrier, E. (1875) Sur les vers de terre desiles de Philippines et de la Cochinchine. Les Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, 81, 1043 - 1046.","Blakemore, R. J. (2002) Cosmopolitan Earthworms - an Eco - Taxonomic Guide to the Peregrine Species of the World. 2 nd Ed. VermEcology, PO BOX 414 Kippax, ACT 2615, Australia. August, 2002.","Csuzdi, Cs. (2012) Earthworm species, a searchable database. Opuscula Zoologica, 43 (1), 97 - 99. Avaliable from: http: // earthworm. uw. hu / (Accessed 21 Jul. 2016)"]}

Metaphire dipapillata (Thai & Tran, 1986) Pheretima multitheca dipapillata Thai & Tran, 1986a: 9, fig. 3C; Do 1994: 95; Thai 2000a: 309. Metaphire multitheca dipapillata��� Blakemore 2007a: 68; Blakemore 2008b. Metaphire dipapillata��� Nguyen & Nguyen 2015: 132, stat. nov.; Nguyen et al. 2015b: 470, Fig. 4. Type locality. Vietnam (Nghe An: Ky Son). Type material. SORC, Vietnam. Examined material. 1 C (SORC-HV.070) and 5 C (SORC-PV.070.01) Muong Long, Ky Son, Nghe An, 1/1/ 1986, coll. Tran Ba Cu. Records from Vietnam. Nghe An (Ky Son) (Thai & Tran 1986; Do 1994). Distribution. Only known from Vietnam., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Thai, T. B. & Tran, B. C. (1986) The fauna of earthworms of mountain district Ki Son (Nghe Tinh province, Vietnam) and descriptions of new species of the genus Pheretima Kinberg. TAP CHI SINH HOC, 8 (4), 4 - 12.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)","Blakemore, R. J. (2008 b) List of earthworms from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Excel spreadsheet). In: A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World - 2 nd Edition (2008). VermEcology, Yokohama. CD - ROM. Avaliable from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm / Vietnam % 20 + % 20 Lao s % 20 + % 20 Cambodia 1. xls (Accessed 21 Jul. 2016)","Nguyen, T. T., Trinh, T. K. B, Le, V. N. & Nguyen, D. A. (2015 b) On the polythecate earthworms of the genus Metaphire (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 63, 461 - 470."]}

Metaphire pajana (Michaelsen, 1928) Pheretima pajana Michaelsen, 1928: 33, Fig. 8; Do 1994: 98; Nakamura 1999: 33; Thai 2000a: 309. Metaphire pajana��� Sims & Easton, 1972: 239; Blakemore 2007a: 75; Blakemore 2008b. Type locality. Borneo. Type material. Unknown. Records from Vietnam. Son La (Moc Chau) (Do 1994). Distribution. Borneo (Michaelsen 1928). Vietnamese name. Giun pajan. Remarks. The species has been recorded only in northern Vietnam and in Borneo, so there is currently a distribution gap. It is expected to be found in central and southern Vietnam., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Nakamura, Y. (1999) Checklist of earthworms of Pheretima genus group (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) of the world. Edaphologia, 64, 1 - 78.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Sims, R. W. & Easton, E. G. (1972) A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4, 169 - 268. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1972. tb 00694. x","Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)","Blakemore, R. J. (2008 b) List of earthworms from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Excel spreadsheet). In: A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World - 2 nd Edition (2008). VermEcology, Yokohama. CD - ROM. Avaliable from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm / Vietnam % 20 + % 20 Lao s % 20 + % 20 Cambodia 1. xls (Accessed 21 Jul. 2016)"]}

Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg, 1867) Lumbricus eugeniae Kinberg, 1867: 98. Eudrilus decipiens Perrier, 1871: 1176. Eudrilus eugeniae��� Beddard 1895a: 604; Michaelsen 1900: 402; Gates 1972: 51; Blakemore 2002: 353, Fig. 5.1; Blakemore 2015: 528, Figs. 1���4. See Blakemore (2002, 2015b) for further synonyms. Type locality. South Atlantic (St. Helena Isl.). Type material. Stockkholm Museum, Sweden. Records from Vietnam. This species was reported from provinces of Lang Son and Cao Bang, both in the northern Vietnam for its use in aquatic agriculture (Blakemore 2015). Distribution. Cosmopolitan species, original distribution in West Africa, but introduced to other parts in the world (Blakemore 2002, 2012a, 2015) Remarks. Blakemore (2015) reported its occurrence in Vietnam based on an online report (http:// www.afspan.eu/publications/reports/wp3-regional-international-cooperation-report-2012.pdf, accessed 6 June 2016); no other records have been presented so far., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 6, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Kinberg, J. G. H. (1867) Annulata Nova. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps - akademiens forhandlingar, 23, 97 - 103.","Perrier, E. (1871) Description of Eudrilus and Eu. Decipiens. Le Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences Biologie, 73, 1175 - 1176.","Beddard, F. E. (1895 a) A monograph of the Order Oligochaeta. The Clarendon Press, Oxford, 769 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 28557","Michaelsen, W. (1900) Oligochaeta. Das Tierreich, 10, 1 - 575.","Gates, G. E. (1972) Burmese Earthworms: An Introduction to the Systematics and Biology of Megadrile Oligochaetes with Special Reference to Southeast Asia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, N. S. 62 (7), 1 - 326. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1006214","Blakemore, R. J. (2002) Cosmopolitan Earthworms - an Eco - Taxonomic Guide to the Peregrine Species of the World. 2 nd Ed. VermEcology, PO BOX 414 Kippax, ACT 2615, Australia. August, 2002.","Blakemore, R. J. (2015) Eco-taxonomy of iconic vermicomposter - the ' African Nightcrawler' earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg, 1867). African Invertebrates, 56 (3), 527 - 548. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5733 / afin. 056.0302","Blakemore, R. J. (2012 a) Cosmopolitan Earthworms - an Eco - Taxonomic Guide to the Peregrine Species of the World. 5 th Ed. VermEcology, Yokohama, Japan."]}

Amynthas multichaetiferus (Le, 1995) Pheretima multichaetifera Le, 1995b: 59, fig. 1 A; Thai 2000a: 309. Amynthas ? multichaetiferus��� Blakemore 2007a: 67; Blakemore 2008b. Type locality. Vietnam (Lang Son: Binh Gia). Type material. SORC, Vietnam. Records from Vietnam. Lang Son (Binh Gia) (Le 1995b). Distribution. Only known from Vietnam. Remarks. Blakemore (2007a, 2008b) considered it as " species inquirenda ". Further examination was not possible because all previously collected material has been lost., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Le, V. T. (1995 b) Two new species of Pheretima of earthworms was described from Lang Son and Cao Bang Provinces. TAP CHI SINH HOC, 17 (3), 59 - 61.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)","Blakemore, R. J. (2008 b) List of earthworms from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Excel spreadsheet). In: A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World - 2 nd Edition (2008). VermEcology, Yokohama. CD - ROM. Avaliable from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm / Vietnam % 20 + % 20 Lao s % 20 + % 20 Cambodia 1. xls (Accessed 21 Jul. 2016)"]}

Polypheretima spiridonovi (Thai, 1996) Pheretima spiridonovi Thai, 1996: 3, fig. 2C; Thai 2000a: 310; Huynh 2005a: 132. Polypheretima spiridonovi��� Nakamura 1999: 7; Blakemore 2007a: 93; Blakemore 2008b; Nguyen et al. 2014: 116, Fig. 3. Type locality. Vietnam (Khanh Hoa: Duc Mu pass). Type material. SORC (HV.226), Vietnam. Examined material. 1 C (SORC-HV.226) Khanh Hoa Prov., Duc Mu pass, 9 January 1989, coll. Spiridonov S.E. Records from Vietnam. Khanh Hoa (Duc Mu pass) (Thai 1996). Distribution. Only known from Vietnam. Vietnamese name. Tr��n Spiridonov. Remarks. The species is fairly similar to Polypheretima polytheca (Beddard, 19 00) but differs in having spermathecal pores in 4/5���6/7, testes sacs in ventral position, absence of a copulatory pouch, and absence of genital markings (Thai 1996)., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Thai, T. B. (1996) Description of five new species of the acaecate earthworms of the genus Pheretima Kinberg in Vietnam and key to the species of acaecate Pheretima recorded from Indochinese area. TAP CHI SINH HOC, 18 (1), 1 - 6.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Huynh, T. K. H. (2005 a) The earthworm fauna of southern part of central Vietnam and their potential usages. Medicine Publishing House, Hanoi, 189 pp.","Nakamura, Y. (1999) Checklist of earthworms of Pheretima genus group (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) of the world. Edaphologia, 64, 1 - 78.","Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)","Blakemore, R. J. (2008 b) List of earthworms from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Excel spreadsheet). In: A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World - 2 nd Edition (2008). VermEcology, Yokohama. CD - ROM. Avaliable from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm / Vietnam % 20 + % 20 Lao s % 20 + % 20 Cambodia 1. xls (Accessed 21 Jul. 2016)","Nguyen, T. T., Tran, T. T. B. & Nguyen, D. A. (2014) Earthworms of the ' acaecate' Pheretima group in Vietnam (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae), with description of a new species from the Mekong delta. Zootaxa, 3866 (1), 105 - 121. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3866.1.5"]}

Polypheretima grandisetosa (Thai, 1996) Pheretima grandisetosa Thai, 1996: 3, fig. 2B; Thai 2000a: 310; Thai et al. 2004: 758. Polypheretima grandisetosa��� Nakamura 1999: 7; Blakemore 2007a: 43; Blakemore 2008b; Nguyen et al. 2014: 115, Fig. 3. Type locality. Vietnam (Con Lon Isl.). Type material. SORC, Vietnam. Examined material. 1 A (SORC-HV.223) Ba Ria-Vung Tau Prov., Conlon Island, slope near Datdoc Bay, 10m asl, 25/06/1989, coll. Thai Tran Bai. Records from Vietnam. Ba Ria-Vung Tau (Conlon Isl.; Baycanh Isl.) (Thai 1996; Thai et al. 2004). Distribution. Only known from Vietnam. Vietnamese name. Tr��n t�� l���n. Remarks. The species is relatively close to Polypheretima colonensis Thai, 1996, but differs in smaller size and the presence of big setae in vi., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Thai, T. B. (1996) Description of five new species of the acaecate earthworms of the genus Pheretima Kinberg in Vietnam and key to the species of acaecate Pheretima recorded from Indochinese area. TAP CHI SINH HOC, 18 (1), 1 - 6.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Thai, T. B., Huynh, T. K. H. & Nguyen, D. A. (2004) Remarks of earthworms on the islands in southern of Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 757 - 760.","Nakamura, Y. (1999) Checklist of earthworms of Pheretima genus group (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) of the world. Edaphologia, 64, 1 - 78.","Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)","Blakemore, R. J. (2008 b) List of earthworms from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Excel spreadsheet). In: A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World - 2 nd Edition (2008). VermEcology, Yokohama. CD - ROM. Avaliable from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm / Vietnam % 20 + % 20 Lao s % 20 + % 20 Cambodia 1. xls (Accessed 21 Jul. 2016)","Nguyen, T. T., Tran, T. T. B. & Nguyen, D. A. (2014) Earthworms of the ' acaecate' Pheretima group in Vietnam (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae), with description of a new species from the Mekong delta. Zootaxa, 3866 (1), 105 - 121. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3866.1.5"]}

Metaphire baii (Blakemore, 2016) Pheretima thaii Nguyen, 2011b: 26: fig. 3 (non Pheretima thaii Hong & James, 2011) Pheretima sp.3 ��� Nguyen T.T. & Tran, 2008: 61. Pheretima thaii��� Nguyen et al., 2012: 146; Nguyen 2013: 60; Nguyen 2014: 110. Metaphire baii Blakemore 2016: 6, replacement for Pheretima thaii, preoccupied by Hong & James (2011). Type locality. Vietnam (An Giang: Cho Moi). Type material. CTU (EWh031), Vietnam. Examined material. 6 C (CTU-EW013.01), Duyen Isl., Cho Moi, An Giang, 25/8/2007, coll. Nguyen Thanh Tung. Records from Vietnam. An Giang (Cho Moi: Duyen Isl.); Dong Thap (Cao Lanh) (Nguyen 2011b). Distribution. Only known from Vietnam. Vietnamese name. Giun B��i., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Blakemore, R. J. (2016) Darwin's earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Acanthodrilidae, Octochaetidae, Megascolecidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae) with review of cosmopolitan Metaphire peguana - species group from Philippines. Opuscula Zoologic a, 47 (1), 09 - 30. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.18348 / opzool. 2016.1.9","Nguyen, T. T. (2011 b) Descriptions of two new species of earthworm of the genus Pheretima Kinberg, 1867 (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from Mekong Delta-Vietnam. TAP CHI SINH HOC, 33 (1), 24 - 29.","Hong, Y. & James, S. W. (2011) New species of Pheretima, Pithemera, and Polypheretima (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) from Kalbaryo, Luzon Island, Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 59, 19 - 28.","Nguyen, T. T. & Tran, T. A. T. (2008) Composition and Distribution of Earthworms Belt of Tien River. Journal of Science, Can Tho University, 10, 59 - 66.","Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen, T. K. P. & Ho, M. T. (2012) Diversity and distributional characteristics of earthworms in An Giang province. Journal of Science, Can Tho University, 22 A, 143 - 153.","Nguyen, T. T. (2013) The earthworm fauna of the Cuu Long delta. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 169 pp.","Nguyen, T. T., Tran, T. T. B. & Nguyen, D. A. (2014) Earthworms of the ' acaecate' Pheretima group in Vietnam (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae), with description of a new species from the Mekong delta. Zootaxa, 3866 (1), 105 - 121. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3866.1.5"]}

Metaphire neoexilis (Thai & Samphon, 1988) Pheretima neoexilis Thai & Samphon, 1988: 17, fig. 4D; Do 1994: 97; Nguyen 1994: 57; Huynh & Nguyen 2004a: 116; Huynh et al. 2005: 180. Metaphire ? neoexilis��� Blakemore 2007a: 71; Blakemore 2008b. Type locality. Laos (Luang Prabang). Type material. SORC, Vietnam. Records from Vietnam. Phu Tho (Xuan Son NP); Hanoi (Ba Vi NP); Nghe An (Que Phong); Quang Binh (Tuyen Hoa; Minh Hoa; Bo Trach; Quang Ninh); Thua Thien Hue (Phu Loc); (Do 1994; Nguyen 1994; Huynh & Nguyen 2004a; Huynh et al. 2005). Distribution. Laos (Samphon 1990). Vietnamese name. Giun exilis m���i. Remarks. Blakemore (2007a) stated its status as " species inquirenda ", but further examination was not possible because all previously collected material has been lost., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Thai, T. B. & Samphon, K. (1988) New subspecies and species of earthworms (Oligochaeta) from Laos PDR. Journal of Science of HNUE, special issue, 3 - 25.","Nguyen, V. T. (1994) The earthworm fauna of Binh Tri Thien region. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 193 pp.","Huynh, T. K. H. & Nguyen, D. A. (2004 a) Diversity of earthworms of Bavi National Park, Hatay province. The proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science, 114 - 117. [Science and Technics Publishing House, Hanoi]","Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)","Blakemore, R. J. (2008 b) List of earthworms from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Excel spreadsheet). In: A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World - 2 nd Edition (2008). VermEcology, Yokohama. CD - ROM. Avaliable from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm / Vietnam % 20 + % 20 Lao s % 20 + % 20 Cambodia 1. xls (Accessed 21 Jul. 2016)","Samphon, K. (1990) The earthworm fauna of Laos PDR. PhD dissertation. Hanoi National University of Education."]}

Planapheretima lacertina (Chen, 1946) Pheretima lacertina Chen, 1946: 109, Plate VI, Fig. A; Thai, 1997: 4, fig. 3 A; Thai 2000a: 310; Huynh & Nguyen 2004a: 115; Pham 2010: 63. Planapheretima lacertina��� Sims & Easton 1972: 233; Easton 1979: 77, Figs 27k, 30d; Nakamura 1999: 5; Blakemore 2007a: 57; Blakemore 2008b; Nguyen et al. 2014: 109. Type locality. China (Szechuan). Examined material. 2 C (HNUE) forest, Ta Sua NR, Son La, 30/12/2012, coll. Tran T.T. Binh. Records from Vietnam. Lao Cai (Sa Pa); Son La (Ta Sua); Hanoi (Ba Vi NP); Da Nang (Ba Na NP) (Thai, 1997; Huynh & Nguyen 2004a; Pham 2010). Distribution. Vietnam (Thai 1997), China (Chen 1946). Vietnamese name. Giun l�� đu��i th���ch s��ng. Remarks. The population in Vietnam differs from the original description of the species (Chen 1946) in smaller body size, fewer setae and in having spermathecal pores paired in 5/6/7/8 (Thai 1997)., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Chen, Y. (1946) On the terrestrial oligochaeta from Szechuan III. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China, Zoological Series, 16, 83 - 141.","Thai, T. B. (1997) New data on leaf - crawlers Pheretima Kinberg, 1863 in Vietnam and a key to species of this group from the mainland of Asia. TAP CHI SINH HOC, 19 (3), 1 - 7.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Huynh, T. K. H. & Nguyen, D. A. (2004 a) Diversity of earthworms of Bavi National Park, Hatay province. The proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science, 114 - 117. [Science and Technics Publishing House, Hanoi]","Pham, T. H. H. (2010) The diversity of earthworms in Danang city. Journal of Science and Technology, Danang University, 5 (40), 60 - 69.","Sims, R. W. & Easton, E. G. (1972) A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4, 169 - 268. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1972. tb 00694. x","Easton, E. G. (1979) A revision of the ' acaecate' earthworms of the Pheretima group (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta): Archipheretima, Metapheretima, Planapheretima, Pleionogaster and Polypheretima. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 35, 1 - 126. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 20451","Nakamura, Y. (1999) Checklist of earthworms of Pheretima genus group (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) of the world. Edaphologia, 64, 1 - 78.","Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)","Blakemore, R. J. (2008 b) List of earthworms from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Excel spreadsheet). In: A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World - 2 nd Edition (2008). VermEcology, Yokohama. CD - ROM. Avaliable from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm / Vietnam % 20 + % 20 Lao s % 20 + % 20 Cambodia 1. xls (Accessed 21 Jul. 2016)","Nguyen, T. T., Tran, T. T. B. & Nguyen, D. A. (2014) Earthworms of the ' acaecate' Pheretima group in Vietnam (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae), with description of a new species from the Mekong delta. Zootaxa, 3866 (1), 105 - 121. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3866.1.5"]}

Amynthas manicatus manicatus (Gates, 1931) Pheretima manicata Gates, 1931: 414; Gates 1939: 97; 1972: 201; Samphon 1990: 92; Huynh & Nguyen 2004a: 116; Huynh et al. 2005: 180. Amynthas manicatus manicatus��� Sims & Easton 1972: 235, 244; Blakemore 2007a: 62. Type locality. Myanmar. Type material. Unknown. Records from Vietnam. Phu Tho (Xuan Son NP); Hanoi (Ba Vi NP) (Huynh & Nguyen 2004a; Huynh et al. 2005). Distribution. Vietnam; Laos; Thailand; Myanmar (Gates 1931, 1939, 1972; Samphon 1990). Remarks. The species was only listed in Huynh & Nguyen (2004a) and Huynh et al. (2005). Further examination was not possible because all previously collected material has been lost., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on pages 36-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Gates, G. E. (1931) The earthworms of Burma. II. Records of Indian Museum, 33, 327 - 442.","Gates, G. E. (1939) Thai earthworms. Thailand Research Society, Natural History Supplementary, 12, 65 - 114.","Samphon, K. (1990) The earthworm fauna of Laos PDR. PhD dissertation. Hanoi National University of Education.","Huynh, T. K. H. & Nguyen, D. A. (2004 a) Diversity of earthworms of Bavi National Park, Hatay province. The proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science, 114 - 117. [Science and Technics Publishing House, Hanoi]","Sims, R. W. & Easton, E. G. (1972) A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4, 169 - 268. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1972. tb 00694. x","Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)","Gates, G. E. (1972) Burmese Earthworms: An Introduction to the Systematics and Biology of Megadrile Oligochaetes with Special Reference to Southeast Asia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, N. S. 62 (7), 1 - 326. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1006214"]}

Metapheretima vietnamensis Thai, 1984 Metapheretima vietnamensis Thai, 1984b: 614, fig. 1B; Blakemore 2007a: 104; Blakemore 2008b; Nguyen et al. 2014: 108, fig. 1. Pheretima vietnamensis��� Pham 1995c: 100; Thai 2000a: 310; Huynh 2005a: 130; Pham 2010: 64. Type locality. Vietnam (Gia Lai: An Khe). Type material. ZMUM (W.270), Russia. Records from Vietnam. Gia Lai (An Khe town); Da Nang (Hoa Vang; Son Tra; Hai Van); Quang Nam (Hiep Duc; Tra My) (Thai 1984b; Pham 1995c; Pham 2010). Distribution. Only known from Vietnam. Vietnamese name. Tr��n vi���t nam. Remarks. The species is similar to Metapheretima speiseri (Michaelsen, 1913) and Metapheretima apunae Lee, 1981, but differs from both in having two pairs of spermathecal pores in 5/6 and the spermathecal diverticulum originating from the spermathecal duct (Thai 1984b)., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Thai, T. B. (1984 b) New species and subspecies of the genus Pheretima (Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae) from Vietnam. Zoologicheskii Jurnal, 63 (4), 613 - 617.","Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)","Blakemore, R. J. (2008 b) List of earthworms from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Excel spreadsheet). In: A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World - 2 nd Edition (2008). VermEcology, Yokohama. CD - ROM. Avaliable from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm / Vietnam % 20 + % 20 Lao s % 20 + % 20 Cambodia 1. xls (Accessed 21 Jul. 2016)","Nguyen, T. T., Tran, T. T. B. & Nguyen, D. A. (2014) Earthworms of the ' acaecate' Pheretima group in Vietnam (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae), with description of a new species from the Mekong delta. Zootaxa, 3866 (1), 105 - 121. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3866.1.5","Pham, T. H. H. (1995 c) The earthworm fauna of Quang Nam-Da Nang. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 180 pp.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Huynh, T. K. H. (2005 a) The earthworm fauna of southern part of central Vietnam and their potential usages. Medicine Publishing House, Hanoi, 189 pp.","Pham, T. H. H. (2010) The diversity of earthworms in Danang city. Journal of Science and Technology, Danang University, 5 (40), 60 - 69.","Lee, K. E. (1981) Earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of Vanua Tu (New Hebrides Islands). Australian Journal of Zoology, 29, 535 - 572. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9810535"]}

Amynthas sapinianus (Chen, 1946) Pheretima sapiniana Chen, 1946: 130, Plate X, Fig. B; Le 1995a: 49; Nakamura 1999: 27; Thai 2000a: 310. Amynthas sapinianus��� Sims & Easton 1972: 236, 245; Blakemore 2007a: 88; Blakemore 2008b. Type locality. China (Szechuan). Type material. Unknown. Examined material. 17 C and 4 A (SORC-V.163.01) under decaying woods, Tac Nga, Duc Xuan, Cao Bang, 13/7/1992, coll. Le Van Trien. Records from Vietnam. Cao Bang (Thach An) (Le 1995a). Distribution. China (Chen 1946). Remarks. The species was originally found from wet ground under the moss coat or amongst grass roots (Chen 1946)., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on pages 45-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Chen, Y. (1946) On the terrestrial oligochaeta from Szechuan III. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China, Zoological Series, 16, 83 - 141.","Le, V. T. (1995 a) The earthworm fauna of Northeastern Vietnam. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 148 pp.","Nakamura, Y. (1999) Checklist of earthworms of Pheretima genus group (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) of the world. Edaphologia, 64, 1 - 78.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Sims, R. W. & Easton, E. G. (1972) A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4, 169 - 268. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1972. tb 00694. x","Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)","Blakemore, R. J. (2008 b) List of earthworms from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Excel spreadsheet). In: A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World - 2 nd Edition (2008). VermEcology, Yokohama. CD - ROM. Avaliable from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm / Vietnam % 20 + % 20 Lao s % 20 + % 20 Cambodia 1. xls (Accessed 21 Jul. 2016)"]}

Metaphire easupana (Thai & Huynh, 1993) Pheretima easupana Thai & Huynh, 1993 (in: Thai et al. 1993): 14, fig. 1C; Thai 2000a: 308; Huynh 2006: 121. Metaphire? easupana��� Blakemore 2007a: 32; Blakemore 2008b. Type locality. Vietnam (Dak Lak: Ea Sup). Type material. SORC, Vietnam. Examined material. 4 C (SORC-HPV.043.01) Banana garden, Ea Lop, Ea Sup, Dak Lak, 19/10/1989, coll. Huynh Thi Kim Hoi. Records from Vietnam. Dak Lak (Ea Sup) (Thai et al. 1993; Huynh 2005a). Distribution. Only known from Vietnam. Vietnamese name. Giun easup. Remarks. Blakemore (2007a) stated its status as " species inquirenda ". Material was re-examined and presence of male copulatory pouches and hence placement of the species in Metaphire is confirmed here., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Thai, T. B., Do, V. N. & Huynh, T. K. H. (1993) New species of earthworms of genus Pheretima Kinberg, 1867 (Megascolecidae - Oligochaeta) from Yokdon, Daclac province. TAP CHI SINH HOC, 15 (4), 12 - 15.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)","Blakemore, R. J. (2008 b) List of earthworms from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Excel spreadsheet). In: A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World - 2 nd Edition (2008). VermEcology, Yokohama. CD - ROM. Avaliable from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm / Vietnam % 20 + % 20 Lao s % 20 + % 20 Cambodia 1. xls (Accessed 21 Jul. 2016)","Huynh, T. K. H. (2005 a) The earthworm fauna of southern part of central Vietnam and their potential usages. Medicine Publishing House, Hanoi, 189 pp."]}

Glyphidrilus papillatus (Rosa, 1890) Bilimba papillata Rosa, 1890a: 386, plate 12, fig. 1; Beddard 1895a: 687 Glyphidrilus papillatus��� Michaelsen 1900: 459; Chen 1938: 426; Gates 1972: 236; Thai 1983: 121; Tran 1985: 62; Do 1994: 115; Nguyen 1994: 72; Thai 2000a: 310; Huynh & Nguyen 2004b: 70; Huynh 2005a: 147; Nguyen V.T. & Tran 2008: 185; Blakemore 2008b; Tran & Tran 2010: 8; Chanabun et al. 2013: 17; Nguyen & Nguyen 2010: 123; Nguyen & Huynh 2011: 1018; Nguyen et al. 2012: 146; Nguyen 2013: 97; Nguyen 2014: 113. Type locality. Myanmar (Cobapo). Type material. Genoa Museum (44025), Italy. Examined material. 5 C, 15 A (CTU-EW.030.01) Au Isl., Cai Rang, Can Tho, 13/9/2011, coll. Nguyen Thanh Tung. Records from Vietnam. Widely distributed in the Red River Delta, and Bac Giang (Hiep Hoa; Luc Ngan); Hoa Binh (Mai Chau); Quang Tri (Gio Linh; Quang Tri); Binh Dinh (Quy Nhon); Dak Lak (Buon Don); Khanh Hoa (Van Ninh); Binh Thuan (Tanh Linh); Tien Giang (Tan Hoa Dong; Cai Lay); Tra Vinh (Duyen Hai); Ca Mau (Ca Mau City); Can Tho (Cai Rang); An Giang (Tinh Bien; Tri Ton) (Tran 1985; Do 1994; Nguyen 1994; Huynh & Nguyen 2004b; Huynh 2005a; Nguyen V.T. & Tran 2008; Tran & Tran 2010; Nguyen 2014). Distribution. Myanmar (Gates 1972; Chanabun et al. 2013). Vietnamese name. Giun kh���m nh��. Remark. The species is common in rice fields in the Red River and can also be found near streams in northwestern Vietnam (Do 1994)., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 6, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Rosa, D. (1890 a) Monoligastridi, Geoscolecidi ed Eudrilidi. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova, 29 (2), 365 - 398.","Beddard, F. E. (1895 a) A monograph of the Order Oligochaeta. The Clarendon Press, Oxford, 769 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 28557","Michaelsen, W. (1900) Oligochaeta. Das Tierreich, 10, 1 - 575.","Chen, Y. (1938) Oligochaeta from Hainan, Kwangtung. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China, Zoological Series, 12 (10), 375 - 427.","Gates, G. E. (1972) Burmese Earthworms: An Introduction to the Systematics and Biology of Megadrile Oligochaetes with Special Reference to Southeast Asia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, N. S. 62 (7), 1 - 326. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1006214","Thai, T. B. (1983) Earthworms of Vietnam (Systematic, fauna, distribution and zoogeographic). PhD dissertation in Zooglogy. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia [in Russian]","Tran, T. M. (1985) The earthworm fauna of Red River Delta. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 126 pp.","Nguyen, V. T. (1994) The earthworm fauna of Binh Tri Thien region. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 193 pp.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Huynh, T. K. H. & Nguyen, D. A. (2004 b) Effects of formulas of fertilizer application on earthworms in soil of Hiephoa station for improving degraded soil, Bac Giang Province. Vietnam Journal of Soil Science, 20, 67 - 72.","Huynh, T. K. H. (2005 a) The earthworm fauna of southern part of central Vietnam and their potential usages. Medicine Publishing House, Hanoi, 189 pp.","Nguyen, T. T. & Tran, T. A. T. (2008) Composition and Distribution of Earthworms Belt of Tien River. Journal of Science, Can Tho University, 10, 59 - 66.","Blakemore, R. J. (2008 b) List of earthworms from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Excel spreadsheet). In: A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World - 2 nd Edition (2008). VermEcology, Yokohama. CD - ROM. Avaliable from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm / Vietnam % 20 + % 20 Lao s % 20 + % 20 Cambodia 1. xls (Accessed 21 Jul. 2016)","Tran, T. T. B. & Tran, H. N. (2010) Composition and distribution of earthworms in Luc Ngan District, Bac Giang province, and potential using in anti-erosion and in soil amelioration. TAP CHI SINH HOC, 32 (1), 6 - 13.","Chanabun, R., Sutcharit, C., Tongkerd, P. & Panha, S. (2013) The semi-aquatic freshwater earthworms of the genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 from Thailand (Oligochaeta, Almidae) with re - descriptions of several species. ZooKeys, 265, 1 - 76. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 265.3911","Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen, T. D. & Pham, T. T. (2011) Preliminary data on earthworms in mainland mountain region of Kien Giang Province. Proceeding of the 4 th national workshop on ecology and biological resources. Hanoi Agriculture Publishing House, Hanoi, 1024 - 1030.","Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen, T. K. P. & Ho, M. T. (2012) Diversity and distributional characteristics of earthworms in An Giang province. Journal of Science, Can Tho University, 22 A, 143 - 153.","Nguyen, T. T. (2013) The earthworm fauna of the Cuu Long delta. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 169 pp.","Nguyen, T. T., Tran, T. T. B. & Nguyen, D. A. (2014) Earthworms of the ' acaecate' Pheretima group in Vietnam (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae), with description of a new species from the Mekong delta. Zootaxa, 3866 (1), 105 - 121. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3866.1.5"]}

Amynthas papulosus papulosus (Rosa, 1896) Perichaeta papulosa Rosa, 1896: 525, Pl. I, Figs 14���16; Pheretima papulosa��� Michaelsen 1900: 291; Gates 1939: 101; Gates 1972: 206; Do 1994: 101; Nguyen 1994: 60; Le 1995a: 38; Pham 1995c: 93; Nakamura 1999: 39; Thai 2000a: 309; Huynh & Nguyen 2004a: 116; Huynh 2005a: 117; Tran & Ngo 2008: 133; Nguyen V.T. & Tran 2008: 185; Tran & Tran 2010: 8; Pham 2010: 63. Pheretima (Terrata) papulosa��� Thai 1983: 123. Amynthas papulosus��� Sims & Easton 1972: 181; Easton, 1981: 56; Blakemore 2002: 180. Amynthas papulosus papulosus��� Sims & Easton 1972: 236; Blakemore 2007a: 76; Blakemore 2008. Pheretima composita Gates, 1932: 430, synonymized by Gates (1972). Type locality. Indonesia (Sumatra: Balighe). Type material. Genoa Museum, Italy. Examined material. 3 C (SORC-V.155.02) fruit tree garden, Hoai Nhon, Binh Dinh, 16/4/1995, coll. Huynh Thi Kim Hoi; 2 C and 1 A (SORC-V.155.03) Binh Hiep, Binh Son, Quang Ngai, 15/4/1995, coll. Huynh Thi Kim Hoi; 4 C and 1 A (SORC-V.155.07) cassava garden, Tien Phuoc, Tien Ky, Quang Nam, 28/1/1998, coll. Pham Thi Hong Ha. Records from Vietnam. Bac Giang (Luc Ngan; Son Dong: Khe Ro); Hai Phong (Cat Ba Isl.); Hanoi (Ba Vi NP); Ha Nam; Nam Dinh; Ninh Binh; Nghe An (Ky Son; Que Phong; Quy Chau); Quang Binh (Tuyen Hoa; Quang Trach; Bo Trach; Le Thuy); Quang Tri (Dong Ha; Gio Linh; Quang Tri); Thua Thien Hue (Huong Dien; Huong Tra; Hue; Huong Thuy; Nam Dong); Da Nang (Hoa Vang; Son Tra; Hai Van); Quang Nam (Dien Ban; Que Son; Hiep Duc; Tam Ky; Nui Thanh; Tien Phuoc; Phuoc Son); Quang Ngai (Binh Son; Tu Nghia); Binh Dinh (Hoai Nhon); Gia Lai (Pleiku; Buon Luoi); Phu Yen; Dak Lak (Buon Me Thuot; Cu Mgar); Khanh Hoa (Ninh Hoa); Ninh Thuan (Ninh Son); Binh Thuan (Tuy Phong) (Do 1994; Nguyen 1994; Le 1995a; Pham 1995c, 2010; Huynh & Nguyen 2004a; Huynh 2005a; Tran & Ngo 2008; Nguyen V.T. & Tran 2008; Tran & Tran 2010). Distribution. Cosmopolitan species; also recorded from Myanmar, Thailand, Indonesia (Sumatra), China, Taiwan (Gates 1972; Easton 1981; Blakemore 2002). Remarks. The species seems to be widely distributed in Vietnam, except in the southernmost part. Thai (1983) proposed a new subgenus Terrata of the genus Pheretima, and placed the species under the new subgenus., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 41, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Rosa, D. (1896) I Lombrichi raccolti a Sumatra dal Dott. Elio Modigliani. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2 (16), 502 - 532","Michaelsen, W. (1900) Oligochaeta. Das Tierreich, 10, 1 - 575.","Gates, G. E. (1939) Thai earthworms. Thailand Research Society, Natural History Supplementary, 12, 65 - 114.","Gates, G. E. (1972) Burmese Earthworms: An Introduction to the Systematics and Biology of Megadrile Oligochaetes with Special Reference to Southeast Asia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, N. S. 62 (7), 1 - 326. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1006214","Nguyen, V. T. (1994) The earthworm fauna of Binh Tri Thien region. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 193 pp.","Le, V. T. (1995 a) The earthworm fauna of Northeastern Vietnam. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 148 pp.","Pham, T. H. H. (1995 c) The earthworm fauna of Quang Nam-Da Nang. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 180 pp.","Nakamura, Y. (1999) Checklist of earthworms of Pheretima genus group (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) of the world. Edaphologia, 64, 1 - 78.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Huynh, T. K. H. & Nguyen, D. A. (2004 a) Diversity of earthworms of Bavi National Park, Hatay province. The proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science, 114 - 117. [Science and Technics Publishing House, Hanoi]","Huynh, T. K. H. (2005 a) The earthworm fauna of southern part of central Vietnam and their potential usages. Medicine Publishing House, Hanoi, 189 pp.","Tran, T. T. B. & Ngo, V. N. (2008) Composition and distribution of earthworms in Khe Ro natural Reserve. Journal of Science of HNUE, Natural Science, 53 (3), 131 - 137.","Nguyen, T. T. & Tran, T. A. T. (2008) Composition and Distribution of Earthworms Belt of Tien River. Journal of Science, Can Tho University, 10, 59 - 66.","Tran, T. T. B. & Tran, H. N. (2010) Composition and distribution of earthworms in Luc Ngan District, Bac Giang province, and potential using in anti-erosion and in soil amelioration. TAP CHI SINH HOC, 32 (1), 6 - 13.","Pham, T. H. H. (2010) The diversity of earthworms in Danang city. Journal of Science and Technology, Danang University, 5 (40), 60 - 69.","Thai, T. B. (1983) Earthworms of Vietnam (Systematic, fauna, distribution and zoogeographic). PhD dissertation in Zooglogy. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia [in Russian]","Sims, R. W. & Easton, E. G. (1972) A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4, 169 - 268. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1972. tb 00694. x","Easton, E. G. (1981) Japanese earthworms: a synopsis of the Megadrile species (Oligochaeta). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), 40 (2), 33 - 65.","Blakemore, R. J. (2002) Cosmopolitan Earthworms - an Eco - Taxonomic Guide to the Peregrine Species of the World. 2 nd Ed. VermEcology, PO BOX 414 Kippax, ACT 2615, Australia. August, 2002.","Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)","Gates, G. E. (1932) The earthworms of Burma. III. Records of Indian Museum, 34, 357 - 549."]}

Metaphire kiengiangensis Nguyen & Trinh, 2015 Pheretima kiengiangensis Nguyen & Trinh, 2015 (in Nguyen et al. 2015b): 461, Fig.1. Type locality. Vietnam (Kien Giang: Kien Hai). Type material. CTU (EW.019), Vietnam. Examined material. 1 C (CTU-EW.019.h01) and 10 C (CTU-EW.019.p02), plantation of Hopea and other trees, Lai Son Island, Kien Hai District, Kien Giang Province, Vietnam (09 0 48' 21,6N; 104 0 38' 01,1E), elevation of 81m a.s.l., 15 November 2013, coll. Trinh Thi Kim Binh; 3 C (CTU-EW.019.p03) fruit tree garden, on the way to Bang Beach, Lai Son Island, Kien Hai District, Kien Giang Province, Vietnam (09 0 48' 32,4N; 104 0 39' 23,0E), 14 October 2014, coll. Trinh Thi Kim Binh; 13 C (CTU-EW.019.p04) mango garden, Hon Dat Mountain, Hon Dat District, Kien Giang Province, Vietnam (10 0 06' 37.6N; 104 0 53' 06.2E), 13 November 2010, coll. Nguyen Thanh Tung. Records from Vietnam. Kien Giang (Kien Hai; Hon Dat) (Nguyen et al. 2015b) Distribution. Only known from Vietnam. Vietnamese name. Giun Ki��n giang. Remarks. The species consists of mainland and island populations, with specimens on the mainland being smaller in size (Nguyen et al. 2015b)., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Nguyen, T. T., Trinh, T. K. B, Le, V. N. & Nguyen, D. A. (2015 b) On the polythecate earthworms of the genus Metaphire (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 63, 461 - 470."]}

Perionyx excavatus Perrier, 1872 Perionyx excavatus Perrier, 1872: 126, Plate IV, Figs 73���74; Rosa 1890b: 121; Beddard 1895a: 436; Michaelsen 1900: 208; Gates 1939: 108; Gates 1972: 141; Thai 1983: 122; Do 1994: 53; Nguyen 1994: 37; Le 1995a: 70; Thai 1987: 6, 7; Pham 1995c: 63; Thai 2000a: 310; Blakemore 2002: 133, Fig. 2.2; Huynh & Nguyen 2004a: 115; Huynh 2005a: 78; Nguyen V.T. & Tran 2008: 184; Blakemore 2008; Nguyen et al. 2010: 114; Pham 2010: 62; Nguyen & Nguyen 2010: 123; Nguyen & Huynh 2011: 1018; Nguyen et al. 2012: 146; Nguyen 2013: 42; Nguyen 2014: 108. Perionyx sp. ��� Tran, 1985: 56. Perionyx gruenewaldi Michaelsen, 1891: 33. Perionyx turaensis Stephenson, 1920: 216. See Blakemore (2002) for more details and synonyms. Type locality. Vietnam (Saigon). Type material. MNHN, France. Examined material. 5 C, 5 A (CTU-EW.003.01) Cho Moi, An Giang, 2/2010, coll. Ho Minh Thuan. Records from Vietnam. Yen Bai (Yen Bai); Ha Giang (Meo Vac); Cao Bang (Thach An); Lang Son (Binh Gia); Hanoi (Ba Vi NP); Quang Tri (Huong Hoa); Thua Thien Hue (Hue); Da Nang (Hoa Vang); Quang Ngai (Quang Ngai; Tu Nghia); Binh Dinh (Quy Nhon); Gia Lai (Pleiku); Phu Yen (Song Cau); Khanh Hoa (Nha Trang); Lam Dong (Da Lat; Don Duong; Duc Trong); Binh Thuan (Phan Thiet; Bac Binh; Duc Linh); Ho Chi Minh; Ca Mau (U Minh); Bac Lieu (Vinh Loi); Ben Tre (Thanh Phu); Tra Vinh (Chau Thanh); Vinh Long (Vung Liem); Can Tho (Cai Rang; Ninh Kieu; Thot Not; Phong Dien); An Giang (Chau Phu; Chau Thanh; Cho Moi); Hau Giang (Phung Hiep) (Perrier 1872; Thai 1987; Do 1994; Nguyen 1994; Le 1995a; Pham 1995c, 2010; Huynh & Nguyen 2004a; Huynh 2005a; Nguyen V.T. & Tran 2008; Nguyen et al. 2010; Nguyen 2014). Distribution. Cosmopolitan species, widely distributed in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Korea, China, USA, Canada, England, Samoa, India, Taiwan, Thailand, Myanmar, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Madagascar, Cambodia (Gates 1972; Thai & Do 1989; Blakemore 20 12a). Vietnamese name. Giun Qu���, Tr��n Qu���. Remarks. The species is commonly used in earthworm farms, and sold as "red earthworm" for fishing and other purposes in Vietnam., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on pages 9-10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Perrier, E. (1872) Recherches pour servir a l'histoire des Lombriciens terrestres. Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, 8, 5 - 198.","Rosa, D. (1890 b) Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmanica e regioni vicini, XXVI. Perichaetidi. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria, 10, 107 - 122.","Beddard, F. E. (1895 a) A monograph of the Order Oligochaeta. The Clarendon Press, Oxford, 769 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 28557","Michaelsen, W. (1900) Oligochaeta. Das Tierreich, 10, 1 - 575.","Gates, G. E. (1939) Thai earthworms. Thailand Research Society, Natural History Supplementary, 12, 65 - 114.","Gates, G. E. (1972) Burmese Earthworms: An Introduction to the Systematics and Biology of Megadrile Oligochaetes with Special Reference to Southeast Asia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, N. S. 62 (7), 1 - 326. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1006214","Thai, T. B. (1983) Earthworms of Vietnam (Systematic, fauna, distribution and zoogeographic). PhD dissertation in Zooglogy. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia [in Russian]","Nguyen, V. T. (1994) The earthworm fauna of Binh Tri Thien region. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 193 pp.","Le, V. T. (1995 a) The earthworm fauna of Northeastern Vietnam. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 148 pp.","Thai, T. B. (1987) Some additional notes in the earthworm distribution in Vietnam. Journal of Science of HNUE, C, 3 - 9.","Pham, T. H. H. (1995 c) The earthworm fauna of Quang Nam-Da Nang. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 180 pp.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Blakemore, R. J. (2002) Cosmopolitan Earthworms - an Eco - Taxonomic Guide to the Peregrine Species of the World. 2 nd Ed. VermEcology, PO BOX 414 Kippax, ACT 2615, Australia. August, 2002.","Huynh, T. K. H. & Nguyen, D. A. (2004 a) Diversity of earthworms of Bavi National Park, Hatay province. The proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science, 114 - 117. [Science and Technics Publishing House, Hanoi]","Huynh, T. K. H. (2005 a) The earthworm fauna of southern part of central Vietnam and their potential usages. Medicine Publishing House, Hanoi, 189 pp.","Pham, T. H. H. (2010) The diversity of earthworms in Danang city. Journal of Science and Technology, Danang University, 5 (40), 60 - 69.","Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen, T. D. & Pham, T. T. (2011) Preliminary data on earthworms in mainland mountain region of Kien Giang Province. Proceeding of the 4 th national workshop on ecology and biological resources. Hanoi Agriculture Publishing House, Hanoi, 1024 - 1030.","Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen, T. K. P. & Ho, M. T. (2012) Diversity and distributional characteristics of earthworms in An Giang province. Journal of Science, Can Tho University, 22 A, 143 - 153.","Nguyen, T. T. (2013) The earthworm fauna of the Cuu Long delta. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 169 pp.","Nguyen, T. T., Tran, T. T. B. & Nguyen, D. A. (2014) Earthworms of the ' acaecate' Pheretima group in Vietnam (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae), with description of a new species from the Mekong delta. Zootaxa, 3866 (1), 105 - 121. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3866.1.5","Tran, T. M. (1985) The earthworm fauna of Red River Delta. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 126 pp.","Michaelsen, W. (1891) Oligochaeten des Naturhistorischen Museums in Hamburg, IV. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten, 8, 299 - 340.","Stephenson, J. (1920) On a collection of oligochaeta from the lesser known parts of India and from eastern Persia. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 7, 191 - 261.","Nguyen, T. T. & Tran, T. A. T. (2008) Composition and Distribution of Earthworms Belt of Tien River. Journal of Science, Can Tho University, 10, 59 - 66.","Thai, T. B. & Do, V. N. (1989) Remarks on earthworm fauna in Phnompenh and the neighbouring regions. Journal of Science of HNUE, special issue, 76 - 78."]}

Amynthas gracilis (Kinberg, 1867) Nitocris gracilis Kinberg, 1867: 102; Beddard 1895a: 402, as " species inquirenda "; Michaelsen 1900: 419, as " dubious species ". Amynthas gracilis��� Sims & Easton 1972: 235; Easton 1981: 50; Easton, 1982: 728; Shen & Yeo 2005: 21; Blakemore 2007a: 42; Blakemore 2008b. Pheretima gracilis��� Nakamura 1999: 38. Perichaeta hawayana Rosa, 1891: 396, Figs 7, 9. Pheretima hawayana��� Michaelsen 1900: 271; Gates 1972: 189, 217; Thai 1983: 125; Do 1994: 81; Le 1995a: 63; Nakamura 1999: 38; Thai 2000a: 309; Huynh & Nguyen 2004a: 115; Huynh 2005a: 113; Huynh et al. 2005: 180; Tran & Ngo 2008: 133; Tran & Tran 2010: 8. Perichaeta bermudensis Beddard, 1892a: 160, synonymized with Pheretima hawayana by Michaelsen (1900). Perichaeta mandhorensis Michaelsen, 1892: 241, Figs 18���19, synonymized with Pheretima hawayana by Gates (1972). Type locality. Brazil (Rio de Janeiro). Type material. Leiden Museum, Neitherland. Records from Vietnam. Lao Cai (Pho Lu; Sa Pa; Pho Rang); Son La (Moc Chau); Hoa Binh (Hoa Binh; Mai Chau); Yen Bai (Yen Bai; Luc Yen; Yen Binh); Ha Giang (Quan Ba; Dong Van); Lang Son (Binh Gia; Bac Son; Dong Dang; Van Lang); Cao Bang (Thach An; Cao Bang; Ha Lang); Phu Tho (Doan Hung; Thanh Son); Vinh Phuc (Phong Chau; Tam Dao); Bac Can (Bac Can); Thai Nguyen (Phu Binh); Bac Giang (Luc Ngan; Tan Yen; Yen The; Khe Ro NR); Quang Ninh (Mong Cai); Hai Phong (Cat Ba Isl.; San Ho Isl.); Hanoi (Ba Vi NP); Thanh Hoa (Ngoc Lac); Nghe An (Ky Son; Que Phong; Quy Chau); Gia Lai (Pleiku); Dak Lak (Ban Me Thuot); Lam Dong (Da Lat; Don Duong) (Do 1994; Le 1995a; Huynh & Nguyen 2004a; Huynh 2005a; Tran & Ngo 2008; Tran & Tran 2010). Distribution. Cosmopolitan species, widely known in temperate and tropical regions. Sometimes, recorded with high density in garden in Brazil and Hawaii (Gates 1972; Blakemore 2002, 2007a). Remarks. All reports of this species from Vietnam are under the name of its junior Perichaeta hawayana (= Pheretima hawayana)., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on pages 30-31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Kinberg, J. G. H. (1867) Annulata Nova. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps - akademiens forhandlingar, 23, 97 - 103.","Beddard, F. E. (1895 a) A monograph of the Order Oligochaeta. The Clarendon Press, Oxford, 769 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 28557","Michaelsen, W. (1900) Oligochaeta. Das Tierreich, 10, 1 - 575.","Sims, R. W. & Easton, E. G. (1972) A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4, 169 - 268. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1972. tb 00694. x","Easton, E. G. (1981) Japanese earthworms: a synopsis of the Megadrile species (Oligochaeta). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), 40 (2), 33 - 65.","Easton, E. G. (1982) Australian pheretimoid earthworms (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta): a synopsis with the description of a new genus and five new species. Australian Journal of Zoology, 30 (4), 711 - 735. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9820711","Shen, H. - P. & Yeo, D. C. J. (2005) Terrestrial earthworms (Oligochaeta) from Singapore. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 53 (1), 13 - 33.","Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)","Blakemore, R. J. (2008 b) List of earthworms from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Excel spreadsheet). In: A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World - 2 nd Edition (2008). VermEcology, Yokohama. CD - ROM. Avaliable from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm / Vietnam % 20 + % 20 Lao s % 20 + % 20 Cambodia 1. xls (Accessed 21 Jul. 2016)","Nakamura, Y. (1999) Checklist of earthworms of Pheretima genus group (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) of the world. Edaphologia, 64, 1 - 78.","Rosa, D. (1891) Die exotischen Terricolen des k. k. naturhistorischen Hofmuseums. Annalen des K. K. naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, 6, 379 - 406.","Gates, G. E. (1972) Burmese Earthworms: An Introduction to the Systematics and Biology of Megadrile Oligochaetes with Special Reference to Southeast Asia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, N. S. 62 (7), 1 - 326. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1006214","Thai, T. B. (1983) Earthworms of Vietnam (Systematic, fauna, distribution and zoogeographic). PhD dissertation in Zooglogy. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia [in Russian]","Le, V. T. (1995 a) The earthworm fauna of Northeastern Vietnam. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 148 pp.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Huynh, T. K. H. & Nguyen, D. A. (2004 a) Diversity of earthworms of Bavi National Park, Hatay province. The proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science, 114 - 117. [Science and Technics Publishing House, Hanoi]","Huynh, T. K. H. (2005 a) The earthworm fauna of southern part of central Vietnam and their potential usages. Medicine Publishing House, Hanoi, 189 pp.","Tran, T. T. B. & Ngo, V. N. (2008) Composition and distribution of earthworms in Khe Ro natural Reserve. Journal of Science of HNUE, Natural Science, 53 (3), 131 - 137.","Tran, T. T. B. & Tran, H. N. (2010) Composition and distribution of earthworms in Luc Ngan District, Bac Giang province, and potential using in anti-erosion and in soil amelioration. TAP CHI SINH HOC, 32 (1), 6 - 13.","Beddard, F. E. (1892 a) On some species of the genus Perichaeta (sensu stricto). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1892, 153 - 172.","Michaelsen, W. (1892) Terricolen der Berliner Zoologischen Sammlung. II. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 58 (1), 209 - 261. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 8321","Blakemore, R. J. (2002) Cosmopolitan Earthworms - an Eco - Taxonomic Guide to the Peregrine Species of the World. 2 nd Ed. VermEcology, PO BOX 414 Kippax, ACT 2615, Australia. August, 2002."]}

Amynthas kytayanus (Thai, 1984) Pheretima kytayana Thai, 1984b: 613, fig. 1 A; Nguyen 1994: 52; Pham 1995c: 66; Thai 2000a: 309; Pham 2010: 63. Pheretima (Amynthas) kytayana��� Thai 1983: 124. Amynthas ? kytayanus��� Blakemore 2007a: 57; Blakemore 2008b. Type locality. Ha Tinh (Ky Anh). Type material. ZMUM (W.225), Russia. Examined material. 6 C (CTU-EW.065.01) Thach Ban, Phu Thuy, Ha Tinh, 23/4/1993. Records from Vietnam. Ha Tinh (Ky Anh; Phu Thuy); Quang Binh (Le Thuy); Da Nang (Hoa Vang; Son Tra; Ba Na NP); Quang Nam (Tra My) (Thai 1984b; Nguyen 1994; Pham 1995c, 2010). Distribution. Only known from Vietnam. Vietnamese name. Giun k��� t��y. Remarks. Blakemore (2007a, 2008b) considered it as " species inquirenda ". Material was re-examined and absence of male copulatory pouches and hence placement of the species in Amynthas is confirmed here., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Thai, T. B. (1984 b) New species and subspecies of the genus Pheretima (Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae) from Vietnam. Zoologicheskii Jurnal, 63 (4), 613 - 617.","Nguyen, V. T. (1994) The earthworm fauna of Binh Tri Thien region. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 193 pp.","Pham, T. H. H. (1995 c) The earthworm fauna of Quang Nam-Da Nang. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 180 pp.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Pham, T. H. H. (2010) The diversity of earthworms in Danang city. Journal of Science and Technology, Danang University, 5 (40), 60 - 69.","Thai, T. B. (1983) Earthworms of Vietnam (Systematic, fauna, distribution and zoogeographic). PhD dissertation in Zooglogy. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia [in Russian]","Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)","Blakemore, R. J. (2008 b) List of earthworms from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Excel spreadsheet). In: A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World - 2 nd Edition (2008). VermEcology, Yokohama. CD - ROM. Avaliable from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm / Vietnam % 20 + % 20 Lao s % 20 + % 20 Cambodia 1. xls (Accessed 21 Jul. 2016)"]}

Amynthas ealopanus (Do & Huynh, 1993) Pheretima ealopana Do & Huynh, 1993 (in: Thai et al. 1993): 12, fig. 1B; Thai 2000a: 308; Huynh 2005a: 119. Amynthas? ealopanus��� Blakemore 2007a: 32; Bkakemore 2008b. Type locality. Vietnam (Dak Lak). Type material. SORC, Vietnam. Examined material. 1 C (SORC-HV.042) deciduous forest, Ealop, Dak Lak, 10/1/1989, coll. Huynh Thi Kim Hoi. Records from Vietnam. Dak Lak (Ea Lop) (Thai et al. 1993; Huynh 2005a). Distribution. Only known from Vietnam. Vietnamese name. Giun ea-l���p. Remarks. Blakemore (2007a, 2008b) considered it as " species inquirenda ", material was re-checked to confirm its taxonomic status., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Huynh, T. K. H. (2005 a) The earthworm fauna of southern part of central Vietnam and their potential usages. Medicine Publishing House, Hanoi, 189 pp.","Blakemore, R. J. (2007 a) Updated checklist of Pheretimoids (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae: Pheretima auct.) taxa. www. annelida. net / earthworm / Pheretimoids. pdf (accessed 6 Jun 2016)","Blakemore, R. J. (2008 b) List of earthworms from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Excel spreadsheet). In: A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World - 2 nd Edition (2008). VermEcology, Yokohama. CD - ROM. Avaliable from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm / Vietnam % 20 + % 20 Lao s % 20 + % 20 Cambodia 1. xls (Accessed 21 Jul. 2016)"]}

Drawida delicata Gates, 1962 Drawida delicata Gates, 1962a: 319; Gates 1972: 249; Thai 1983: 121; Tran 1985: 58; Do 1994: 116; Nguyen 1994: 75; Le 1995a: 76; Pham 1995c: 108; Thai 2000a: 311; Huynh 2005a: 149; Huynh 2005b: 20; Nguyen V.T. & Tran 2008: 185; Blakemore 2008b; Tran & Tran 2010: 8; Pham 2010: 65. Type locality. Myanmar (Mergui). Type material. Unknown. Records from Vietnam. Dien Bien (Dien Bien Phu); Son La (Moc Chau); Bac Giang (Luc Ngan; Tan Yen); Vinh Phuc (Me Linh); Hanoi; Ninh Binh (Cuc Phuong NP); Quang Binh (Dong Hoi); Thua Thien Hue (A Luoi); Da Nang (Son Tra; Hai Van; Ba Na NP); Quang Nam (Dien Ban; Phuoc Son); Gia Lai (Pleiku; Buon Luoi; An Khe); Dak Lak (Buon Me Thuot); Dak Nong (Ta Dung Mts); Binh Dinh (Tran 1985; Do 1994; Nguyen 1994: Le 1995a; Pham 1995c, 2010; Huynh 2005a, b; Nguyen V.T. & Tran 2008; Tran & Tran 2010). Distribution. Vietnam (Thai 1983), Myanmar (Gates 1972). Vietnamese name. Giun drawid tinh t���., Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/256507, {"references":["Gates, G. E. (1962 a) On some Burmese earthworms of the moniligastrid genus Drawida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 127, 297 - 373.","Gates, G. E. (1972) Burmese Earthworms: An Introduction to the Systematics and Biology of Megadrile Oligochaetes with Special Reference to Southeast Asia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, N. S. 62 (7), 1 - 326. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1006214","Thai, T. B. (1983) Earthworms of Vietnam (Systematic, fauna, distribution and zoogeographic). PhD dissertation in Zooglogy. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia [in Russian]","Tran, T. M. (1985) The earthworm fauna of Red River Delta. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 126 pp.","Nguyen, V. T. (1994) The earthworm fauna of Binh Tri Thien region. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 193 pp.","Le, V. T. (1995 a) The earthworm fauna of Northeastern Vietnam. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 148 pp.","Pham, T. H. H. (1995 c) The earthworm fauna of Quang Nam-Da Nang. PhD dissertation in Zoology. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, 180 pp.","Thai, T. B. (2000 a) Species diversity of earthworms in Vietnam. Proceedings of the national workshop on the basic issues in life science. Hanoi Science and Technics Publishing House, 307 - 311.","Huynh, T. K. H. (2005 a) The earthworm fauna of southern part of central Vietnam and their potential usages. Medicine Publishing House, Hanoi, 189 pp.","Huynh, T. K. H. (2005 b) Results of studies on earthworms and other mesofauna groups in the Ta Dung mountain area, Dac Nong province. TAP CHI SINH HOC, 27 (4), 19 - 27.","Nguyen, T. T. & Tran, T. A. T. (2008) Composition and Distribution of Earthworms Belt of Tien River. Journal of Science, Can Tho University, 10, 59 - 66.","Blakemore, R. J. (2008 b) List of earthworms from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (Excel spreadsheet). In: A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World - 2 nd Edition (2008). VermEcology, Yokohama. CD - ROM. Avaliable from: http: // www. annelida. net / earthworm / Vietnam % 20 + % 20 Lao s % 20 + % 20 Cambodia 1. xls (Accessed 21 Jul. 2016)","Tran, T. T. B. & Tran, H. N. (2010) Composition and distribution of earthworms in Luc Ngan District, Bac Giang province, and potential using in anti-erosion and in soil amelioration. TAP CHI SINH HOC, 32 (1), 6 - 13.","Pham, T. H. H. (2010) The diversity of earthworms in Danang city. Journal of Science and Technology, Danang University, 5 (40), 60 - 69."]}