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4. Association of Accelerometry‐Measured Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Events in Mobility‐Limited Older Adults: The LIFE (Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders) Study

Author

Cochrane, Shannon K, Chen, Shyh‐Huei, Fitzgerald, Jodi D, Dodson, John A, Fielding, Roger A, King, Abby C, McDermott, Mary M, Manini, Todd M, Marsh, Anthony P, Newman, Anne B, Pahor, Marco, Tudor‐Locke, Catrine, Ambrosius, Walter T, Buford, Thomas W, Espeland, Mark A, Applegate, William, Beavers, Daniel P, Byington, Robert P, Cook, Delilah, Furberg, Curt D, Harvin, Lea N, Henkin, Leora, Hepler, John, Hsu, Fang‐Chi, Lovato, Laura, Roberson, Wesley, Rushing, Julia, Rushing, Scott, Stowe, Cynthia L, Walkup, Michael P, Hire, Don, Rejeski, W Jack, Katula, Jeffrey A, Brubaker, Peter H, Mihalko, Shannon L, Jennings, Janine M, Pierce, June J, Romashkan, Sergei, Patel, Kushang V, Bonds, Denise, Spring, Bonnie, Hauser, Joshua, Kerwin, Diana, Domanchuk, Kathryn, Graff, Rex, Rego, Alvito, Blair, Steven N, Myers, Valerie H, Monce, Ron, Britt, Nathan E, Harris, Melissa Nauta, McGucken, Ami Parks, Rodarte, Ruben, Millet, Heidi K, Butitta, Ben P, Donatto, Sheletta G, Cocreham, Shannon H, Castro, Cynthia M, Haskell, William L, Stafford, Randall S, Pruitt, Leslie A, Berra, Kathy, Yank, Veronica, Anton, Stephen D, Nayfield, Susan, Marsiske, Michael, Sandesara, Bhanuprasad D, Knaggs, Jeffrey D, Lorow, Megan S, Marena, William C, Korytov, Irina, Morris, Holly L, Fitch, Margo, Singletary, Floris F, Causer, Jackie, Radcliff, Katie A, Studenski, Stephanie A, Goodpaster, Bret H, Glynn, Nancy W, Lopez, Oscar, Nadkarni, Neelesh K, Williams, Kathy, Newman, Mark A, Grove, George, Bonk, Janet T, Rush, Jennifer, Kost, Piera, Ives, Diane G, Brinkley, Tina E, Demons, Jamehl S, Sink, Kaycee M, Kennedy, Kimberly, Shertzer‐Skinner, Rachel, Wrights, Abbie, Fries, Rose, Barr, Deborah, Axtell, Robert S, Kashaf, Susan S, de Rekeneire, Nathalie, and McGloin, Joanne M

Subjects
Aging, Cardiovascular, Prevention, Clinical Research, 3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, Actigraphy, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cardiovascular Diseases, Exercise, Exercise Therapy, Female, Fitness Trackers, Geriatric Assessment, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Incidence, Male, Mobility Limitation, Patient Education as Topic, Predictive Value of Tests, Prognosis, Protective Factors, Risk Factors, Risk Reduction Behavior, Time Factors, United States, LIFE Study Research Group, accelerometry, aging, cardiovascular, physical activity, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology
Abstract

BACKGROUND:Data are sparse regarding the value of physical activity (PA) surveillance among older adults-particularly among those with mobility limitations. The objective of this study was to examine longitudinal associations between objectively measured daily PA and the incidence of cardiovascular events among older adults in the LIFE (Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders) study. METHODS AND RESULTS:Cardiovascular events were adjudicated based on medical records review, and cardiovascular risk factors were controlled for in the analysis. Home-based activity data were collected by hip-worn accelerometers at baseline and at 6, 12, and 24 months postrandomization to either a physical activity or health education intervention. LIFE study participants (n=1590; age 78.9±5.2 [SD] years; 67.2% women) at baseline had an 11% lower incidence of experiencing a subsequent cardiovascular event per 500 steps taken per day based on activity data (hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.84-0.96; P=0.001). At baseline, every 30 minutes spent performing activities ≥500 counts per minute (hazard ratio, 0.75; confidence interval, 0.65-0.89 [P=0.001]) were also associated with a lower incidence of cardiovascular events. Throughout follow-up (6, 12, and 24 months), both the number of steps per day (per 500 steps; hazard ratio, 0.90, confidence interval, 0.85-0.96 [P=0.001]) and duration of activity ≥500 counts per minute (per 30 minutes; hazard ratio, 0.76; confidence interval, 0.63-0.90 [P=0.002]) were significantly associated with lower cardiovascular event rates. CONCLUSIONS:Objective measurements of physical activity via accelerometry were associated with cardiovascular events among older adults with limited mobility (summary score >10 on the Short Physical Performance Battery) both using baseline and longitudinal data. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01072500.

Published
2017

7. Improving Physical Activity Levels in Elementary and Secondary Schools. Can We Apply the Lessons We Have Learned from Adults Regarding Their Preferences toward Physical Activity and Exercise?

Author

Cavallini, M. Felicia, Dyck, David J., Sui, Xuemei, and Blair, Steven N.

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to propose ways in which to increase PA levels in students from elementary and secondary schools, based on the implications of research findings examining adults' attitudes, beliefs, outlooks and preferences on PA and exercise. In other words, can the information that we have learned from adults in their relationship towards PA and exercise be utilized to increase PA levels within the school environment?

Published
2020
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14. Relationship of physical activity and healthy eating with mortality and incident heart failure among community‐dwelling older adults with normal body mass index

Author

Abdelmawgoud, Ahmed, Brown, Cynthia J, Sui, Xuemei, Fonarow, Gregg C, Kokkinos, Peter F, Bittner, Vera, Aronow, Wilbert S, Kheirbek, Raya E, Fletcher, Ross D, Blair, Steven N, and Ahmed, Ali

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular, Clinical Research, Prevention, Nutrition, Aging, Heart Disease, Metabolic and endocrine, Good Health and Well Being, Physical activity, Healthy eating, Incident heart failure, Older adults, healthy eating, incident heart failure, older adults, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
Abstract

AimsNormal body mass index (BMI) is associated with lower mortality and may be achieved by physical activity (PA), healthy eating (HE), or both. We examined the association of PA and HE with mortality and incident heart failure (HF) among 2040 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 65 years with baseline BMI 18.5 to 24.99 kg/m2 during 13 years of follow-up in Cardiovascular Health Study.Methods and resultsBaseline PA was defined as ≥500 weekly metabolic equivalent task-minutes (MET-minutes) and HE as ≥5 daily servings of vegetable and fruit intake. Participants were categorized into 4 groups: (1) PA-/HE- (n=384); (2) PA+/HE- (n=992); (3) PA-/HE+ (n=162); and (4) PA+/HE+ (n=502). Participants had a mean age of 74 (±6) years, mean BMI of 22.6 (±1.5) kg/m2, 61% were women, and 4% African American. Compared with PA-/HE-, age-sex-race-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause mortality for PA-/HE+, PA+/HE-, and PA+/HE+ groups were 0.96 (0.76-1.21), 0.61 (0.52-0.71) and 0.62 (0.52-0.75), respectively. These associations remained unchanged after multivariable adjustment and were similar for cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortalities. Respective demographic-adjusted HRs (95% Cis) for incident HF among 1954 participants without baseline HF were 1.21 (0.81-1.81), 0.71 (0.54-0.94) and 0.71 (0.51-0.98). These later associations lost significance after multivariable-adjustment.ConclusionAmong community-dwelling older adults with normal BMI, physical activity, regardless of healthy eating, was associated with lower risk of mortality and incident HF, but healthy eating had no similar protective association in this cohort.

Published
2015

22. HLA-C expression in extravillous trophoblasts is determined by an ELF3-NLRP2/NLRP7 regulatory axis.

Author

Bowen Gu, Gia-Han Le, Herrera, Sebastian, Blair, Steven J., Meissner, Torsten B., and Strominger, Jack L.

Subjects
HLA histocompatibility antigens, FETAL growth retardation, GENE expression, TRANSCRIPTION factors, GENETIC regulation
Abstract

The distinct human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I expression pattern of human extravillous trophoblasts (EVT) endows them with unique tolerogenic properties that enable successful pregnancy. Nevertheless, how this process is elaborately regulated remains elusive. Previously, E74 like ETS transcription factor 3 (ELF3) was identified to govern high-level HLA-C expression in EVT. In the present study, ELF3 is found to bind to the enhancer region of two adjacent NOD-like receptor (NLR) genes, NLR family pyrin domain-containing 2 and 7 (NLRP2, NLRP7). Notably, our analysis of ELF3-deficient JEG-3 cells, a human choriocarcinoma cell line widely used to study EVT biology, suggests that ELF3 transactivates NLRP7 while suppressing the expression of NLRP2. Moreover, we find that NLRP2 and NLRP7 have opposing effects on HLA-C expression, thus implicating them in immune evasion at the maternal-fetal interface. We confirmed that NLRP2 suppresses HLA-C levels and described a unique role for NLRP7 in promoting HLA-C expression in JEG-3. These results suggest that these two NLR genes, which arose via gene duplication in primates, are fine-tuned by ELF3 yet have acquired divergent functions to enable proper expression levels of HLA-C in EVT, presumably through modulating the degradation kinetics of IkBα. Targeting the ELF3-NLRP2/NLRP7-HLA-C axis may hold therapeutic potential for managing pregnancy-related disorders, such as recurrent hydatidiform moles and fetal growth restriction, and thus improve placental development and pregnancy outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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23. Physical Activity Protects against the Health Risks of Obesity.

Author

President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, Washington, DC., Welk, Gregory J., and Blair, Steven N.

Abstract

This paper reviews the relationships between physical fitness and body composition and their combined effect on health. After discussing the epidemiologic evidence for a protective effect of physical fitness on the health risks associated with obesity, it describes the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study, an ongoing observational study that provides data on the relationships between physical fitness and a variety of health outcomes, as well as other studies. Epidemiologic evidence demonstrates a strong protective effect for physical activity and physical fitness on the health risks associated with obesity. Probable mechanisms for the protective effect of physical activity include the reduction and/or reversal of the development of a progressive disease process known as insulin-resistance syndrome, which is closely associated with obesity. A major benefit of physical activity is that it leads to specific reductions in levels of abdominal obesity and induces beneficial metabolic changes that limit the underlying disease process related to fat and dyslipidemia, hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, reduced glucose sensitivity, and ultimately non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Overall, research suggests that the health risks of obesity are largely controlled if a person is physically active and physically fit. (Contains 28 references.) (SM)

Published
2000

24. The analysis and application of resistive superconducting fault current limiters in present and fututre power systems

Author

Blair, Steven M.

Subjects
621.3
Abstract

Fault current levels in electrical systems are rising due to natural growth in demand, the increasing presence of distributed generation (DG), and increased network interconnection. This rising trend is expected to continue in the future. Marine vessel power systems are highly power-dense and are often safety-critical. Power system protection is increasingly challenging in these systems. Superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs) o er an attractive solution to many of the issues faced. This thesis establishes and reviews the state of the art in resistive SFCL technology and application knowledge, and provides crucial research-based guidance for the adoption of resistive SFCLs in future power systems. The issues associated with the application of resistive SFCLs- including location, resistance rating, the recovery period, and interaction with protection systems are demonstrated. The relationship between several resistive SFCL design parameters is established using a gener ic analytical approach, hence providing a framework for validating SFCL designs. In particular, it is shown that a particular SFCL resistance rating leads to a peak in the superconductor energy dissipation, which generally should be avoided. It is proven that resistive SFCLs have an inverse current-time characteristic, i.e., they will operate in a time that inversely depends upon the initial fault current magnitude. This knowledge is critical for underpinning the operation of a novel protection scheme using multiple resistive SFCLs. The scheme offers several advantages: very fast-acting operation in response to faults anywhere on the system under study; maximum prospective fault currents are prevented from occurring, reducing the duty on circuit breakers; inherent, fast-acting backup; and communications is not required. It is shown that the scheme is suited to highly-interconnected systems with a high presence of DG. The scheme is readily applicable to the design of future utility and marine vessel power systems.

Published
2013
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34. Stimulant Reduction Intervention using Dosed Exercise (STRIDE) - CTN 0037: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Author

Trivedi, Madhukar H, Greer, Tracy L, Grannemann, Bruce D, Church, Timothy S, Somoza, Eugene, Blair, Steven N, Szapocznik, Jose, Stoutenberg, Mark, Rethorst, Chad, Warden, Diane, Ring, Kolette M, Walker, Robrina, Morris, David W, Kosinski, Andrzej S, Kyle, Tiffany, Marcus, Bess, Crowell, Becca, Oden, Neal, and Nunes, Edward

Abstract

Abstract Background There is a need for novel approaches to the treatment of stimulant abuse and dependence. Clinical data examining the use of exercise as a treatment for the abuse of nicotine, alcohol, and other substances suggest that exercise may be a beneficial treatment for stimulant abuse, with direct effects on decreased use and craving. In addition, exercise has the potential to improve other health domains that may be adversely affected by stimulant use or its treatment, such as sleep disturbance, cognitive function, mood, weight gain, quality of life, and anhedonia, since it has been shown to improve many of these domains in a number of other clinical disorders. Furthermore, neurobiological evidence provides plausible mechanisms by which exercise could positively affect treatment outcomes. The current manuscript presents the rationale, design considerations, and study design of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Clinical Trials Network (CTN) CTN-0037 Stimulant Reduction Intervention using Dosed Exercise (STRIDE) study. Methods/Design STRIDE is a multisite randomized clinical trial that compares exercise to health education as potential treatments for stimulant abuse or dependence. This study will evaluate individuals diagnosed with stimulant abuse or dependence who are receiving treatment in a residential setting. Three hundred and thirty eligible and interested participants who provide informed consent will be randomized to one of two treatment arms: Vigorous Intensity High Dose Exercise Augmentation (DEI) or Health Education Intervention Augmentation (HEI). Both groups will receive TAU (i.e., usual care). The treatment arms are structured such that the quantity of visits is similar to allow for equivalent contact between groups. In both arms, participants will begin with supervised sessions 3 times per week during the 12-week acute phase of the study. Supervised sessions will be conducted as one-on-one (i.e., individual) sessions, although other participants may be exercising at the same time. Following the 12-week acute phase, participants will begin a 6-month continuation phase during which time they will attend one weekly supervised DEI or HEI session. Clinical Trials Registry ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01141608 http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01141608?term=Stimulant+Reduction+Intervention+using+Dosed+Exercise&rank=1

Published
2011

42. Dynapenia and Metabolic Health in Obese and Nonobese Adults Aged 70 Years and Older: The LIFE Study

Author

Gill, Thomas, Fragoso, Carlos, Fielding, Roger, Hauser, Michelle E., Pahor, Marco, Guralnik, Jack M., Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan, Caudle, Connie, Crump, Lauren, Holmes, Latonia, Lee, Jocelyn, Lu, Ching-ju, Miller, Michael E., Espeland, Mark A., Ambrosius, Walter T., Applegate, William, Beavers, Daniel P., Byington, Robert P., Cook, Delilah, Furberg, Curt D., Harvin, Lea N., Henkin, Leora, Hepler, Med John, Hsu, Fang-Chi, Lovato, Laura, Roberson, Wesley, Rushing, Julia, Rushing, Scott, Stowe, Cynthia L., Walkup, Michael P., Hire, Don, Rejeski, W. Jack, Katula, Jeffrey A., Brubaker, Peter H., Mihalko, Shannon L., Jennings, Janine M., Hadley, Evan C., Romashkan, Sergei, Patel, Kushang V., Bonds, Denise, McDermott, Mary M., Spring, Bonnie, Hauser, Joshua, Kerwin, Diana, Domanchuk, Kathryn, Graff, Rex, Rego, Alvito, Church, Timothy S., Blair, Steven N., Myers, Valerie H., Monce, Ron, Britt, Nathan E., Harris, Melissa Nauta, McGucken, Ami Parks, Rodarte, Ruben, Millet, Heidi K., Tudor-Locke, Catrine, Butitta, Ben P., Donatto, Sheletta G., Cocreham, Shannon H., King, Abby C., Castro, Cynthia M., Haskell, William L., Stafford, Randall S., Pruitt, Leslie A., Berra, Kathy, Yank, Veronica, Fielding, Roger A., Nelson, Miriam E., Folta, Sara C., Phillips, Edward M., Liu, Christine K., McDavitt, Erica C., Reid, Kieran F., Kirn, Dylan R., Pasha, Evan P., Kim, Won S., Beard, Vince E., Tsiroyannis, Eleni X., Hau, Cynthia, Manini, Todd M., Anton, Stephen D., Nayfield, Susan, Buford, Thomas W., Marsiske, Michael, Sandesara, Bhanuprasad D., Knaggs, Jeffrey D., Lorow, Megan S., Marena, William C., Korytov, Irina, Morris, Holly L., Fitch, Margo, Singletary, Floris F., Causer, Jackie, Radcliff, Katie A., Newman, Anne B., Studenski, Stephanie A., Goodpaster, Bret H., Glynn, Nancy W., Lopez, Oscar, Nadkarni, Neelesh K., Williams, Kathy, Newman, Mark A., Grove, George, Bonk, Janet T., Rush, Jennifer, Kost, Piera, Ives, Diane G., Kritchevsky, Stephen B., Marsh, Anthony P., Brinkley, Tina E., Demons, Jamehl S., Sink, Kaycee M., Kennedy, Kimberly, Shertzer-Skinner, Rachel, Wrights, Abbie, Fries, Rose, Barr, Deborah, Gill, Thomas M., Axtell, Robert S., Kashaf, Susan S., de Rekeneire, Nathalie, McGloin, Joanne M., Wu, Karen C., Shepard, Denise M., Fennelly, Barbara, Iannone, Lynne P., Mautner, Raeleen, Barnett, Theresa Sweeney, Halpin, Sean N., Brennan, Matthew J., Bugaj, Julie A., Zenoni, Maria A., Mignosa, Bridget M., Williamson, Jeff, Hendrie, Hugh C., Rapp, Stephen R., Verghese, Joe, Woolard, Nancy, Espeland, Mark, Jennings, Janine, Wilson, Valerie K., Pepine, Carl J., Ariet, Mario, Handberg, Eileen, Deluca, Daniel, Hill, James, Szady, Anita, Chupp, Geoffrey L., Flynn, Gail M., Hankinson, John L., Vaz Fragoso, Carlos A., Groessl, Erik J., Kaplan, Robert M., Aubertin-Leheudre, Mylène, Anton, Stephen, Newman, Ann, Church, Tim, Conroy, David, and Botoseneanu, Anda

Published
2017
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50. Predictors of Change in Physical Function in Older Adults in Response to Long-Term, Structured Physical Activity: The LIFE Study

Author

Pahor, Marco, Guralnik, Jack M., Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan, Caudle, Connie, Crump, Lauren, Holmes, Latonia, Lee, Jocelyn, Lu, Ching-ju, Miller, Michael E., Espeland, Mark A., Ambrosius, Walter T., Applegate, William, Beavers, Daniel P., Byington, Robert P., Cook, Delilah, Furberg, Curt D., Harvin, Lea N., Henkin, Leora, Hepler, John, Hsu, Fang-Chi, Lovato, Laura, Roberson, Wesley, Rushing, Julia, Rushing, Scott, Stowe, Cynthia L., Walkup, Michael P., Hire, Don, Rejeski, W. Jack, Katula, Jeffrey A., Brubaker, Peter H., Mihalko, Shannon L., Jennings, Janine M., Hadley, Evan C., Romashkan, Sergei, Patel, Kushang V., Bonds, Denise, McDermott, Mary M., Spring, Bonnie, Hauser, Joshua, Kerwin, Diana, Domanchuk, Kathryn, Graff, Rex, Rego, Alvito, Church, Timothy S., Blair, Steven N., Myers, Valerie H., Monce, Ron, Britt, Nathan E., Harris, Melissa Nauta, McGucken, Ami Parks, Rodarte, Ruben, Millet, Heidi K., Tudor-Locke, Catrine, Butitta, Ben P., Donatto, Sheletta G., Cocreham, Shannon H., King, Abby C., Castro, Cynthia M., Haskell, William L., Stafford, Randall S., Pruitt, Leslie A., Berra, Kathy, Yank, Veronica, Fielding, Roger A., Nelson, Miriam E., Folta, Sara C., Phillips, Edward M., Liu, Christine K., McDavitt, Erica C., Reid, Kieran F., Kim, Won S., Beard, Vince E., Manini, Todd M., Anton, Stephen D., Nayfield, Susan, Buford, Thomas W., Marsiske, Michael, Sandesara, Bhanuprasad D., Knaggs, Jeffrey D., Lorow, Megan S., Marena, William C., Korytov, Irina, Morris, Holly L., Fitch, Margo, Singletary, Floris F., Causer, Jackie, Radcliff, Katie A., Newman, Anne B., Studenski, Stephanie A., Goodpaster, Bret H., Glynn, Nancy W., Lopez, Oscar, Nadkarni, Neelesh K., Williams, Kathy, Newman, Mark A., Grove, George, Bonk, Janet T., Rush, Jennifer, Kost, Piera, Ives, Diane G., Kritchevsky, Stephen B., Marsh, Anthony P., Brinkley, Tina E., Demons, Jamehl S., Sink, Kaycee M., Kennedy, Kimberly, Shertzer-Skinner, Rachel, Wrights, Abbie, Fries, Rose, Barr, Deborah, Gill, Thomas M., Axtell, Robert S., Kashaf, Susan S., de Rekeneire, Nathalie, McGloin, Joanne M., Wu, Karen C., Shepard, Denise M., Fennelly, Barbara, Iannone, Lynne P., Mautner, Raeleen, Barnett, Theresa Sweeney, Halpin, Sean N., Brennan, Matthew J., Bugaj, Julie A., Zenoni, Maria A., Mignosa, Bridget M., Williamson, Jeff, Hendrie, Hugh C., Rapp, Stephen R., Verghese, Joe, Woolard, Nancy, Espeland, Mark, Jennings, Janine, Pepine, Carl J., Ariet, Mario, Handberg, Eileen, Deluca, Daniel, Hill, James, Szady, Anita, Chupp, Geoffrey L., Flynn, Gail M., Hankinson, John L., Vaz Fragoso, Carlos A., Groessl, Erik J., Kaplan, Robert M., Layne, Andrew S., Chen, Shyh-Huei, Dungan, Jennifer, Hajduk, Alexandra M., and Pellegrini, Christine A.

Published
2017
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