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11. Boot Camps for Juvenile Offenders: An Implementation Evaluation of Three Demonstration Programs. National Institute of Justice Research Brief.

Author

Department of Justice, Washington, DC. National Inst. of Justice. and Bourque, Blair B.

Abstract

A study evaluated the implementation of three demonstration programs for male juveniles that explored how the adult boot camp strategy could be modified to serve the unique needs of juveniles. Evaluation efforts sought to determine how the three demonstration sites--Cleveland, Ohio; Denver, Colorado; and Mobile, Alabama--were choosing and screening participants, hiring and training staff, and establishing programs. All sites implemented 90-day residential programs that put youths through an intensive daily regimen of military drills and discipline and physical conditioning. Findings indicated the sites formed active public-private partnerships, developed and refined coherent program rationales, and opened on schedule. First-year boot camp completion rates were high, ranging from 80-94 percent. Youths improved in educational performance, physical fitness, and behavior. Ratings in respect for authority, self-discipline, teamwork, and personal appearance also improved significantly. Youths who graduated and remained in aftercare for at least 5 months reported positive changes in attitudes and behavior. Boot camps appeared to be more cost effective than state or local correctional facilities. Less success was found in these areas: high staff turnover, appropriate and effective disciplinary measures, finding a balance between military discipline and remedial education, and aftercare hampered by high levels of absenteeism and noncompletion. (YLB)

Published
1996

12. A National Survey of Aftercare Provisions for Boot Camp Graduates. National Institute of Justice Research Brief.

Author

Department of Justice, Washington, DC. National Inst. of Justice. and Bourque, Blair B.

Abstract

A study used a three-tiered process to identify the range of available aftercare programming in 52 correctional boot camps. The process included a telephone survey, creation of boot camp and aftercare program summaries, and site visits. Existing research indicated that boot camps were not necessarily lowering rates of recidivism, but this situation could result from shortcomings in aftercare programs for boot camp graduates. Findings indicated the following: 13 boot camps had specialized aftercare programs; 18 had no special requirements; and 21 had a specified aftercare regimen, sometimes with specific aspects for boot camp graduates. Specialized care was limited by structural and statutory constraints. Sparsely populated states may have too few boot camp graduates in one location to maintain a specialized program. For the majority of boot camps, integration of the boot camp experience and aftercare consisted of joint participation in prerelease planning. Most released from boot camp were placed on intensive probation/parole in their communities; emphasis was on intensive supervision rather than intensive services. Six programs required time in a residential transitional program and a few others offered transitional programing to certain types of offenders. Few programs had developed structures for monitoring and evaluating boot camp graduates in aftercare. (Nineteen notes, including some references, are appended.) (YLB)

Published
1996

17. RETROGRADE THORACIC DUCT ACCESS FOR EMBOLIZATION OF LYMPHATIC MALFORMATIONS IN A CHILD WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE AND A PLEXIFORM THORACIC DUCT VARIANT.

Author

Saferite, A., Blair, B. J., Price, A. M., Fox, K. A., and Seckeler, M. D.

Subjects
THORACIC duct, CONGENITAL heart disease, LYMPHATIC abnormalities, AORTIC coarctation, CARDIAC surgery
Abstract

The physiologic sequelae of the atypical vasculature in patients with congenital heart disease can result in potentially fatal lymphatic complications, especially after corrective cardiac surgery. Transcatheter embolization of the thoracic duct or lymphatic collaterals can reduce morbidity and mortality in these patients. While typically performed transabdominally via an antegrade approach, retrograde embolization may be preferable in cases where this is not feasible, including in rare variants of thoracic duct anatomy. We present a case of a child with severe chylothorax after congenital cardiac surgery who was found to have thoracic lymphatic malformations and a plexiform thoracic duct variant who underwent successful embolization of the malformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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18. MicroRNAs in the etiology of colorectal cancer: pathways and clinical implications

Author

Ashlee M. Strubberg and Blair B. Madison

Subjects
Cancer, Colon, Colorectal, Rectal, Tumorigenesis, microRNA, Medicine, Pathology, RB1-214
Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded RNAs that repress mRNA translation and trigger mRNA degradation. Of the ∼1900 miRNA-encoding genes present in the human genome, ∼250 miRNAs are reported to have changes in abundance or altered functions in colorectal cancer. Thousands of studies have documented aberrant miRNA levels in colorectal cancer, with some miRNAs reported to actively regulate tumorigenesis. A recurrent phenomenon with miRNAs is their frequent participation in feedback loops, which probably serve to reinforce or magnify biological outcomes to manifest a particular cellular phenotype. Here, we review the roles of oncogenic miRNAs (oncomiRs), tumor suppressive miRNAs (anti-oncomiRs) and miRNA regulators in colorectal cancer. Given their stability in patient-derived samples and ease of detection with standard and novel techniques, we also discuss the potential use of miRNAs as biomarkers in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer and as prognostic indicators of this disease. MiRNAs also represent attractive candidates for targeted therapies because their function can be manipulated through the use of synthetic antagonists and miRNA mimics.

Published
2017
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20. Historically excluded groups in ecology are undervalued and poorly treated

Author

Primack, Richard B, primary, Miller, Tara K, additional, Terry, Carina, additional, Marín‐Spiotta, Erika, additional, Templer, Pamela H, additional, Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw, additional, Diaz Vallejo, Emily J, additional, Hastings, Meredith G, additional, Magley, Vicki J, additional, Mattheis, Allison, additional, Schneider, Blair B, additional, and Barnes, Rebecca T, additional

Published
2023
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24. Apobec1 complementation factor overexpression promotes hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and hepatocellular cancer

Author

Blanc, Valerie, Riordan, Jesse D., Soleymanjahi, Saeed, Nadeau, Joseph H., Nalbantoglu, ILKe, Xie, Yan, Molitor, Elizabeth A., Madison, Blair B., Brunt, Elizabeth M., Mills, Jason C., Rubin, Deborah C., Ng, Irene O., Ha, Yeonjung, Roberts, Lewis R., and Davidson, Nicholas O.

Subjects
Binding proteins -- Health aspects, Gene expression -- Health aspects, Hepatoma -- Genetic aspects -- Development and progression -- Care and treatment, Health care industry
Abstract

The RNA-binding protein Apobec1 complementation factor (A1CF) regulates posttranscriptional ApoB mRNA editing, but the range of RNA targets and the long-term effect of altered A1CF expression on liver function are unknown. Here we studied hepatocyte-specific A1cf-transgenic ([A1cf.sup.+/Tg]), [A1cf.sup.+/Tg] [Apobec1.sup.-/-], and [A1cf.sup.-/-] mice fed chow or high-fat/high-fructose diets using RNA-Seq, RNA CLIP-Seq, and tissue microarrays from human hepatocellular cancer (HCC). [A1cf.sup.+/Tg] mice exhibited increased hepatic proliferation and steatosis, with increased lipogenic gene expression (Mogatl, Mogat2, Cidea, Cd36) associated with shifts in polysomal RNA distribution. Aged [A1cf.sup.+/Tg] mice developed spontaneous fibrosis, dysplasia, and HCC, and this development was accelerated on a high-fat/high-fructose diet and was independent of Apobec1. RNA-Seq revealed increased expression of mRNAs involved in oxidative stress (Gstm3, Gpx3, Cbr3), inflammatory response (Il19, Cxcl14, Tnfa, Ly6c), extracellular matrix organization (Mmp2, Col1a1, Col4a1), and proliferation (Kif20a, M[cm.sup.2], Mcm4, Mcm6), and a subset of mRNAs (including Sox4, Sox9, Cdh1) were identified in RNA CLIP-Seq. Increased A1CF expression in human HCC correlated with advanced fibrosis and with reduced survival in a subset with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In conclusion, we show that hepatic A1CF overexpression selectively alters polysomal distribution and mRNA expression, promoting lipogenic, proliferative, and inflammatory pathways leading to HCC., Introduction The increasing worldwide prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is projected to result in a corresponding increase in major progressive outcomes, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and hepatocellular cancer [...]

Published
2021
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28. Improving a Parent Coaching Model of Music Interventions for Young Autistic Children

Author

Blair B Braden and Eugenia Hernandez Ruiz

Subjects
Parents, Complementary and Manual Therapy, 030506 rehabilitation, Music therapy, Joint attention, Psychological intervention, Affect (psychology), Developmental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Intervention (counseling), medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Autistic Disorder, Music Therapy, 05 social sciences, Mentoring, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Anxiety, Autism, Observational study, medicine.symptom, 0305 other medical science, Psychology, Music, 050104 developmental & child psychology
Abstract

Parenting a child on the autism spectrum can be rewarding and enriching, but it may also increase risk of parental fatigue, stress, anxiety, and depression. Parent-mediated interventions contribute to increase family satisfaction and child social communication while helping to decrease parental stress and fatigue. Parent coaching, the education of parents in evidence-based strategies, has become common in the autism field. However, parent coaching in music therapy has only recently emerged and has limited research with families with an autistic member. In this study, we attempted to improve a previously published model of parent coaching, adapting only one aspect of the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM), the sensory social routine (SSR) to create a music intervention. Four parents participated in this 6-session parent coaching study. We compared the SSR-based intervention with and without music, in an alternating treatment design. Measures included parental responsiveness, child receptive and initiation joint attention, parent–child similar affect and synchronized gaze, and the Parent Coaching-ESDM (PC-ESDM) parent fidelity rating system. Results from these observational measures were mixed, with better parental responses in the no-music condition, but improved child responses and parent–child synchrony in the music condition for 3 out of the 4 participants. Parent learning increased for all participants, and 3 out of the 4 reached fidelity (a score of at least 80%), according to the PC-ESDM. Although mixed results were observed across participants, implications for practice are possible. Better outcome measures of this complex intervention are needed.

Published
2021
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35. Aboveground biomass density models for NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) lidar mission

Author

Duncanson, L, Duncanson, L, Kellner, JR, Armston, J, Dubayah, R, Minor, DM, Hancock, S, Healey, SP, Patterson, PL, Saarela, S, Marselis, S, Silva, CE, Bruening, J, Goetz, SJ, Tang, H, Hofton, M, Blair, B, Luthcke, S, Fatoyinbo, L, Abernethy, K, Alonso, A, Andersen, HE, Aplin, P, Baker, TR, Barbier, N, Bastin, JF, Biber, P, Boeckx, P, Bogaert, J, Boschetti, L, Boucher, PB, Boyd, DS, Burslem, DFRP, Calvo-Rodriguez, S, Chave, J, Chazdon, RL, Clark, DB, Clark, DA, Cohen, WB, Coomes, DA, Corona, P, Cushman, KC, Cutler, MEJ, Dalling, JW, Dalponte, M, Dash, J, de-Miguel, S, Deng, S, Ellis, PW, Erasmus, B, Fekety, PA, Fernandez-Landa, A, Ferraz, A, Fischer, R, Fisher, AG, García-Abril, A, Gobakken, T, Hacker, JM, Heurich, M, Hill, RA, Hopkinson, C, Huang, H, Hubbell, SP, Hudak, AT, Huth, A, Imbach, B, Jeffery, KJ, Katoh, M, Kearsley, E, Kenfack, D, Kljun, N, Knapp, N, Král, K, Krůček, M, Labrière, N, Lewis, SL, Longo, M, Lucas, RM, Main, R, Manzanera, JA, Martínez, RV, Mathieu, R, Memiaghe, H, Meyer, V, Mendoza, AM, Monerris, A, Montesano, P, Morsdorf, F, Næsset, E, Naidoo, L, Nilus, R, O'Brien, M, Orwig, DA, Papathanassiou, K, Parker, G, Philipson, C, Phillips, OL, Pisek, J, Poulsen, JR, Pretzsch, H, Rüdiger, C, Duncanson, L, Duncanson, L, Kellner, JR, Armston, J, Dubayah, R, Minor, DM, Hancock, S, Healey, SP, Patterson, PL, Saarela, S, Marselis, S, Silva, CE, Bruening, J, Goetz, SJ, Tang, H, Hofton, M, Blair, B, Luthcke, S, Fatoyinbo, L, Abernethy, K, Alonso, A, Andersen, HE, Aplin, P, Baker, TR, Barbier, N, Bastin, JF, Biber, P, Boeckx, P, Bogaert, J, Boschetti, L, Boucher, PB, Boyd, DS, Burslem, DFRP, Calvo-Rodriguez, S, Chave, J, Chazdon, RL, Clark, DB, Clark, DA, Cohen, WB, Coomes, DA, Corona, P, Cushman, KC, Cutler, MEJ, Dalling, JW, Dalponte, M, Dash, J, de-Miguel, S, Deng, S, Ellis, PW, Erasmus, B, Fekety, PA, Fernandez-Landa, A, Ferraz, A, Fischer, R, Fisher, AG, García-Abril, A, Gobakken, T, Hacker, JM, Heurich, M, Hill, RA, Hopkinson, C, Huang, H, Hubbell, SP, Hudak, AT, Huth, A, Imbach, B, Jeffery, KJ, Katoh, M, Kearsley, E, Kenfack, D, Kljun, N, Knapp, N, Král, K, Krůček, M, Labrière, N, Lewis, SL, Longo, M, Lucas, RM, Main, R, Manzanera, JA, Martínez, RV, Mathieu, R, Memiaghe, H, Meyer, V, Mendoza, AM, Monerris, A, Montesano, P, Morsdorf, F, Næsset, E, Naidoo, L, Nilus, R, O'Brien, M, Orwig, DA, Papathanassiou, K, Parker, G, Philipson, C, Phillips, OL, Pisek, J, Poulsen, JR, Pretzsch, H, and Rüdiger, C

Abstract

NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) is collecting spaceborne full waveform lidar data with a primary science goal of producing accurate estimates of forest aboveground biomass density (AGBD). This paper presents the development of the models used to create GEDI's footprint-level (~25 m) AGBD (GEDI04_A) product, including a description of the datasets used and the procedure for final model selection. The data used to fit our models are from a compilation of globally distributed spatially and temporally coincident field and airborne lidar datasets, whereby we simulated GEDI-like waveforms from airborne lidar to build a calibration database. We used this database to expand the geographic extent of past waveform lidar studies, and divided the globe into four broad strata by Plant Functional Type (PFT) and six geographic regions. GEDI's waveform-to-biomass models take the form of parametric Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) models with simulated Relative Height (RH) metrics as predictor variables. From an exhaustive set of candidate models, we selected the best input predictor variables, and data transformations for each geographic stratum in the GEDI domain to produce a set of comprehensive predictive footprint-level models. We found that model selection frequently favored combinations of RH metrics at the 98th, 90th, 50th, and 10th height above ground-level percentiles (RH98, RH90, RH50, and RH10, respectively), but that inclusion of lower RH metrics (e.g. RH10) did not markedly improve model performance. Second, forced inclusion of RH98 in all models was important and did not degrade model performance, and the best performing models were parsimonious, typically having only 1-3 predictors. Third, stratification by geographic domain (PFT, geographic region) improved model performance in comparison to global models without stratification. Fourth, for the vast majority of strata, the best performing models were fit using square root transformation of field AG

Published
2022

36. Aboveground biomass density models for NASA’s Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) lidar mission

Author

Duncanson, L., Kellner, J.R., Armston, J., Dubayah, R., Minor, D.M., Hancock, S., Healey, S.P., Patterson, P.L., Saarela, S., Marselis, S., Silva, C.E., Bruening, J., Goetz, S.J., Tang, H., Hofton, M., Blair, B., Luthcke, S., Fatoyinbo, L., Abernethy, K., Alonso, A., Andersen, H.-E., Aplin, P., Baker, T.R., Barbier, N., Bastin, J.F., Biber, P., Boeckx, P., Bogaert, J., Boschetti, L., Brehm Boucher, P., Boyd, D.S., Burslem, D.F.R.P., Calvo-Rodriguez, S., Chave, J., Chazdon, R.L., Clark, D.B., Clark, D.A., Cohen, W.B., Coomes, D.A., Corona, P., Cushman, K.C., Cutler, M.E.J., Dalling, J.W., Dalponte, M., Dash, J., de-Miguel, S., Deng, S., Jeffery, K.J., Katoh, M., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kljun, N., Knapp, Nikolai, Král, K., Krůček, M., Labrière, N., Lewis, S.L., Longo, M., Lucas, R.M., Main, R., Manzanera, J.A., Vásquez Martínez, R., Mathieu, R., Memiaghe, H., Meyer, V., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Monerris, A., Montesano, P., Morsdorf, F., Næsset, E., Naidoo, L., Nilus, R., O’Brien, M., Orwig, D.A., Papathanassiou, K., Parker, G., Philipson, C., Phillips, O.L., Pisek, J., Poulsen, J.R., Pretzsch, H., Rüdiger, C., Saatchi, S., Sanchez-Azofeifa, A., Sanchez-Lopez, N., Scholes, R., Silva, C.A., Simard, M., Skidmore, A., Stereńczak, K., Tanase, M., Torresan, C., Valbuena, R., Verbeeck, H., Vrska, T., Wessels, K., White, J.C., White, L.J.T., Zahabu, E., Zgraggen, C., Duncanson, L., Kellner, J.R., Armston, J., Dubayah, R., Minor, D.M., Hancock, S., Healey, S.P., Patterson, P.L., Saarela, S., Marselis, S., Silva, C.E., Bruening, J., Goetz, S.J., Tang, H., Hofton, M., Blair, B., Luthcke, S., Fatoyinbo, L., Abernethy, K., Alonso, A., Andersen, H.-E., Aplin, P., Baker, T.R., Barbier, N., Bastin, J.F., Biber, P., Boeckx, P., Bogaert, J., Boschetti, L., Brehm Boucher, P., Boyd, D.S., Burslem, D.F.R.P., Calvo-Rodriguez, S., Chave, J., Chazdon, R.L., Clark, D.B., Clark, D.A., Cohen, W.B., Coomes, D.A., Corona, P., Cushman, K.C., Cutler, M.E.J., Dalling, J.W., Dalponte, M., Dash, J., de-Miguel, S., Deng, S., Jeffery, K.J., Katoh, M., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kljun, N., Knapp, Nikolai, Král, K., Krůček, M., Labrière, N., Lewis, S.L., Longo, M., Lucas, R.M., Main, R., Manzanera, J.A., Vásquez Martínez, R., Mathieu, R., Memiaghe, H., Meyer, V., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Monerris, A., Montesano, P., Morsdorf, F., Næsset, E., Naidoo, L., Nilus, R., O’Brien, M., Orwig, D.A., Papathanassiou, K., Parker, G., Philipson, C., Phillips, O.L., Pisek, J., Poulsen, J.R., Pretzsch, H., Rüdiger, C., Saatchi, S., Sanchez-Azofeifa, A., Sanchez-Lopez, N., Scholes, R., Silva, C.A., Simard, M., Skidmore, A., Stereńczak, K., Tanase, M., Torresan, C., Valbuena, R., Verbeeck, H., Vrska, T., Wessels, K., White, J.C., White, L.J.T., Zahabu, E., and Zgraggen, C.

Abstract

NASA’s Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) is collecting spaceborne full waveform lidar data with a primary science goal of producing accurate estimates of forest aboveground biomass density (AGBD). This paper presents the development of the models used to create GEDI’s footprint-level (~25 m) AGBD (GEDI04_A) product, including a description of the datasets used and the procedure for final model selection. The data used to fit our models are from a compilation of globally distributed spatially and temporally coincident field and airborne lidar datasets, whereby we simulated GEDI-like waveforms from airborne lidar to build a calibration database. We used this database to expand the geographic extent of past waveform lidar studies, and divided the globe into four broad strata by Plant Functional Type (PFT) and six geographic regions. GEDI’s waveform-to-biomass models take the form of parametric Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) models with simulated Relative Height (RH) metrics as predictor variables. From an exhaustive set of candidate models, we selected the best input predictor variables, and data transformations for each geographic stratum in the GEDI domain to produce a set of comprehensive predictive footprint-level models. We found that model selection frequently favored combinations of RH metrics at the 98th, 90th, 50th, and 10th height above ground-level percentiles (RH98, RH90, RH50, and RH10, respectively), but that inclusion of lower RH metrics (e.g. RH10) did not markedly improve model performance. Second, forced inclusion of RH98 in all models was important and did not degrade model performance, and the best performing models were parsimonious, typically having only 1-3 predictors. Third, stratification by geographic domain (PFT, geographic region) improved model performance in comparison to global models without stratification. Fourth, for the vast majority of strata, the best performing models were fit using square root transformation of field AG

Published
2022

38. Let-7 Represses Carcinogenesis and a Stem Cell Phenotype in the Intestine via Regulation of Hmga2.

Author

Blair B Madison, Arjun N Jeganathan, Rei Mizuno, Monte M Winslow, Antoni Castells, Miriam Cuatrecasas, and Anil K Rustgi

Subjects
Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Let-7 miRNAs comprise one of the largest and most highly expressed family of miRNAs among vertebrates, and is critical for promoting differentiation, regulating metabolism, inhibiting cellular proliferation, and repressing carcinogenesis in a variety of tissues. The large size of the Let-7 family of miRNAs has complicated the development of mutant animal models. Here we describe the comprehensive repression of all Let-7 miRNAs in the intestinal epithelium via low-level tissue-specific expression of the Lin28b RNA-binding protein and a conditional knockout of the MirLet7c-2/Mirlet7b locus. This ablation of Let-7 triggers the development of intestinal adenocarcinomas concomitant with reduced survival. Analysis of both mouse and human intestinal cancer specimens reveals that stem cell markers were significantly associated with loss of Let-7 miRNA expression, and that a number of Let-7 targets were elevated, including Hmga1 and Hmga2. Functional studies in 3-D enteroids revealed that Hmga2 is necessary and sufficient to mediate many characteristics of Let-7 depletion, namely accelerating cell cycle progression and enhancing a stem cell phenotype. In addition, inactivation of a single Hmga2 allele in the mouse intestine epithelium significantly represses tumorigenesis driven by Lin28b. In aggregate, we conclude that Let-7 depletion drives a stem cell phenotype and the development of intestinal cancer, primarily via Hmga2.

Published
2015
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40. Cas-CLOVER is a novel high-fidelity nuclease for safe and robust generation of T

Author

Blair B, Madison, Deepak, Patil, Maximilian, Richter, Xianghong, Li, Min, Tong, Stacey, Cranert, Xinxin, Wang, Renata, Martin, Haibin, Xi, Yening, Tan, Leslie, Weiss, Karl, Marquez, Julia, Coronella, Devon J, Shedlock, and Eric M, Ostertag

Abstract

The use of T cells from healthy donors for allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell cancer therapy is attractive because healthy donor T cells can produce versatile off-the-shelf CAR-T treatments. To maximize safety and durability of allogeneic products, the endogenous T cell receptor and major histocompatibility complex class I molecules are often removed via knockout of T cell receptor beta constant (

Published
2021

41. The mediating effect of reflective-analytic cognitive style on rational thought

Author

Ralph E. Viator, Nancy L. Harp, Shannon B. Rinaldo, and Blair B. Marquardt

Subjects
Philosophy, Working memory, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Cognition, Dual process theory, Rationality, Psychology (miscellaneous), Psychology, Cognitive style, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

We investigate whether non-miserly cognitive styles mediate the effects of cognitive ability and thinking dispositions on rational thought. Specifically, we review relevant literature on two dimens...

Published
2019
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42. Equity‐based incentives and shareholder say‐on‐pay

Author

Xu Niu, Denton Collins, and Blair B. Marquardt

Subjects
Say on pay, Executive compensation, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Corporate governance, Enterprise value, Equity (finance), Accounting, Incentive, Shareholder, Voting, Business, Management and Accounting (miscellaneous), business, Finance, media_common
Abstract

We study the relationship between CEO pay‐performance sensitivity, pay‐risk sensitivity, and shareholder voting outcomes as part of the “say‐on‐pay” provision of the 2010 US Dodd‐Frank Act. Consistent with our hypothesis, we provide evidence that shareholders tend to approve of compensation packages that are more sensitive to changes in stock price (pay‐performance sensitivity). Our findings are consistent with theoretical predictions that outside owners approve of equity incentives as a means of aligning managers' interests with those of shareholders. We also document that future changes to equity‐based incentives are related to voting outcomes and that shareholders incorporate CFO incentives into their votes. Collectively, these results provide evidence of the importance of equity‐based incentives from the perspective of those most concerned with firm value and of the effectiveness of say‐on‐pay as a governance mechanism.

Published
2019
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47. Discussion on Alternative Hypotheses

Author

Adefris, B., Joyce, R. J. V., Popov, G. B., Rainey, R. C., Betts, Elizabeth, Hemming, C. F., Roffey, J., Waloff, Zena, Gunn, D. L., Kennedy, J. S., Pringle, J. W. S., Blair, B. W., and Rose, D. J. W.

Published
1979

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