Search

1619 CE was selected as the starting point in reference to enslaved Afrikans supposedly arriving at the British colony of Jamestown, Virginia as referenced on numerous Government of Ghana websites for 2019's Year of Return. In this article, we will use various primary and scholarly sources to interrogate 'white' epistemologies and anglocentric frames of reference of using 1619 CE as a starting point for anti-Black enslavement while challenging biblical parallels and references to 400 years (Brauchle in Virginia changing marker denoting where first Africans arrived in 1619, Web: dailypress.com, 2015 (See CR4)). Using an Afrikan-centered analysis, we argue that the arbitrary selection of the anglocentric date of 1619 CE cannot be at the center of any narrative told from the perspective of Afrikan = Black people lest we erase the memory of hundreds of thousands of Afrikan ancestors enslaved prior to that time in what would eventually become the continental USA and elsewhere., Author(s): OÌ£bádélé Kambon [sup.1] , Lwanga Songsore [sup.1] , Joseph Aketema [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/01r22mr83, grid.8652.9, 0000 0004 1937 1485, University of Ghana-Institute of African Studies, , Accra, Ghana [...]

This article analyzes Chinese coverage of the African American experience from 1920 to 1940. It argues that through the transfer of news media, ideas, and the physical act of travel, African Americans' lived experiences and advancement became a point of interest for Chinese students, scholars, and political actors who aspired to address the social and political challenges facing Republican China. These authors extracted broad lessons from Black America and did not focus exclusively on African American bondage. While several studies have shown how African Americans in the twentieth century first looked to the Empire of Japan and then the People's Republic of China as sources of inspiration, this article reveals a broader story of exchange. By reversing the aforementioned flow of information and ideas back across the Pacific, this article highlights how Black America, beleaguered as it may have been, also served as an object of emulation. Keywords: China, Sino-African American, African American, Transnational., By the time the guns fell silent over the Strait of Tsushima in May 1905, the Empire of Japan had won a victory that reverberated around the globe. As is [...]

BLACK PEOPLE LIVING in the Post-Reconstruction South endured some of the most concerted and refined white supremacist political violence in the history of the then-century-old settler colonial project of the [...]

'WOULD PLAY TENNIS even after they turned off the lights on the courts,' my father told me, as he reflected on his days in the Panama Canal Zone (PCZ). Tennis [...]

This paper critiques black citizenship in America. Using the 'warring ideals' of W.E.B DuBois, it posits that African American citizenship is a complex interplay between the universality of citizenship, i.e., the ideals of the western liberal tradition, and the lived realities of citizenship. Highlighting the paradox of race, the article underscores that black citizenship has never been a guarantee in American society. 'Warring ideals' encompass a struggle between aspirational ideals of what American citizenship is supposed to be and what it actually is-especially for those who are marginalized. Lived realities of citizenship often mean coming to terms with daily encounters with racism and structural discrimination which affirm and reaffirm citizenship boundaries. The manuscript also evaluates how watershed movements such as the civil rights, black power, and Black Lives Matter movements have attempted to reconcile the ideals and the realities of American citizenship., Author(s): Denise N. Obinna [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.260308.f, 0000 0004 0399 5525, College of Liberal Arts, Mount St. Mary's University, , Emmitsburg, MD, USA Introduction This quote by W.E.B. [...]

THANK YOU VERY MUCH for that wonderful introduction and thank you as an organization, so much, for inviting me to be a Guest of Honor. It's always a joy to [...]

FOR DECADES, MANY OF THE MOST EXCITING--and sometime most heated--debates in African American and labour historiography have been related to the intersections of class and race. North America's working classes [...]

Scholars have detailed how Black activists looked to public forums to secure Black soldiers' valor in American memory fallowing the Civil War. This article reveals that they were not the only operators preserving African Americans' wartime contributions. Rather than gravitating toward orations or monuments like other prominent activists, William Wells Brown and Frances Rollin turned to the power of history during Reconstruction. Drawing together trends of antebellum historical writing and nationalism among African American intellectuals and leaders, Brown and Rollin constructed heroic, textual accounts of Black Civil War soldiers. Brown contended that the soldiers were crucial not only to abolition but also to rescuing the Union. With his The Negro in the American Rebellion (1867), Brown contributed to a more inclusive version of American nationalism. Rollin added an ethnographic argument, crafting a muscular retelling of Martin Delany's wartime service. Rollins Life and Public Services of Martin R. Delany (1868) affirmed Black pride and annulled burgeoning racial tropes. As a result, by the 1870s, Brown and Rollin helped assure African Americans a place in the body politic and crafted an enduring symbol--the Black badge of courage--that cemented military service as a central theme of Black historical writing., 'OUR MEN FOUGHT LIKE TIGERS,' Private Lewis Douglass declared in a letter to his parents in 1863. Following the dazzling but fruitless assault on Confederates at Fort Wagner, Douglass wrote [...]

When Asian immigrants first reached American shores in substantial numbers during the late 1800s, they were faced with a country that barely recognized Black citizens and a system that continually reinforced a Black-White binary. If Asian Americans wanted to attempt to obtain protections for themselves, they could not do so by asserting that those protections had to extend to Asian Americans--instead, they had to box themselves into the Black-White binary, often aligning with Whiteness to claim both citizenship and equality. While this White alignment in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries can be explained by legal realities that made it impossible for Asians to plausibly assert themselves as Black, such White alignments continue to occur in the contemporary era, most prominently displayed through affirmative action and the strides that some Asian American organizations have taken to topple the institution. By examining the amicus briefs filed by various Asian American organizations against affirmative action, we can trace a pattern of White alignment that dangerously serves to create greater divides between Asian Americans and other minorities in the States. More perilous, however, is that such White alignment only reinforces the White supremacist state, which thrives on the division of minorities to keep itself as the dominant power. This Comment seeks to explain the above phenomena and highlight the affirmative action briefs filed by amicus curiae in the Students for Fair Admissions v. President & Fellows of Harvard College litigation, as they serve as an example of how Asian Americans can create a space for themselves to claim equality while also creating bridges of solidarity between minorities. Not only does this raise up Blacks, Hispanics, Native Americans, and other racial minorities, but it also fully recognizes the diversity of experiences within the large tent of Asian American.' Eliminating the White supremacist state is not to align with it--as some Asian American organizations have done--but instead to create solidarity movements that affirm the enormous power of the minority in the U.S., I. INTRODUCTION 1626 II. WHICH ONE DOESN'T BELONG?: ASIAN AMERICANS AND THE BLACK-WHITE BINARY 1630 III. ASIAN AMERICANS AND 'ASPIRATIONS' FOR WHITENESS WITHIN THE BLACK-WHITE BINARY 1636 IV. A MOVE [...]