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Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and disabling but seem particularly tractable to investigation with translational neuroscience methodologies. Neuroimaging has informed our understanding of the neurobiology of anxiety disorders, but research has been limited by small sample sizes and low statistical power, as well as heterogenous imaging methodology. The ENIGMA‐Anxiety Working Group has brought together researchers from around the world, in a harmonized and coordinated effort to address these challenges and generate more robust and reproducible findings. This paper elaborates on the concepts and methods informing the work of the working group to date, and describes the initial approach of the four subgroups studying generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobia. At present, the ENIGMA‐Anxiety database contains information about more than 100 unique samples, from 16 countries and 59 institutes. Future directions include examining additional imaging modalities, integrating imaging and genetic data, and collaborating with other ENIGMA working groups. The ENIGMA consortium creates synergy at the intersection of global mental health and clinical neuroscience, and the ENIGMA‐Anxiety Working Group extends the promise of this approach to neuroimaging research on anxiety disorders., Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and disabling but seem particularly tractable to investigation with translational neuroscience methodologies. Neuroimaging has informed our understanding of the neurobiology of anxiety disorders, but research has been limited by small sample sizes and low statistical power, as well as heterogenous imaging methodology. The ENIGMA‐Anxiety Working Group has brought together researchers from around the world, in a harmonized and coordinated effort to address these challenges and generate more robust and reproducible findings. The ENIGMA consortium creates synergy at the intersection of global mental health and clinical neuroscience, and the ENIGMA‐Anxiety Working Group extends the promise of this approach to neuroimaging research on anxiety disorders.

The Pre-ACT project is working to define conformance methodologies applicable to CO2 storage at all scales, from pilot projects to mega storage. This rare overview of monitoring methods ensures that the results of the Pre-ACT project are universally applicable, and not limited by scale or geology. Input from our industrial partners has highlighted the need to produce quantitative assessments of conformance based on cost-effective monitoring strategies. The scheme developed in Pre-ACT, the Pre-ACT protocols, has been tested on synthetic models, presented at international conferences and has received positive feedback from industry. The approach compares monitoring data from a suite of synthetic realisations to assess the likelihood that the limited information in an observed data set represents conformance to expected operations. This approach is unique in CO2 research. The development of understanding that Pre-ACT has been able to generate has allowed the methodology to focus on both active and passive monitoring techniques and use observations of subsurface pressure and saturation changes in the subsurface to assess site performance. Pre-ACT will continue to refine the approach, testing it on three case studies, each headed by a different research group and linked to an industrial partner. Pre-ACT has used our industrial partners to clearly target the objectives of a site operator when asking, is my site conforming to expectations? How sure can I be that the behaviour is indicative to conformance? The consequence is a mathematically complex, but intuitively accessible, tool

Carbon dioxide (CO2) separated from natural gas has been stored successfully below the seabed off Norway for almost two decades. Based on these experiences several demonstration projects supported by the EU and its member states are now setting out to store CO2 captured at power plants in offshore geological formations. The ECO2 project was triggered by these activities and funded by the EU to assess the environmental risks associated with the sub-seabed storage of CO2 and to provide guidance on environmental practices. ECO2 conducted a comprehensive offshore field programme at the Norwegian storage sites Sleipner and Snøhvit and at several natural CO2 seepage sites in order to identify potential pathways for CO2 leakage through the overburden, monitor seep sites at the seabed, track and trace the spread of CO2 in ambient bottom waters, and study the response of benthic biota to CO2. ECO2 identified a rich variety of geological structures in the broader vicinity of the storage sites that may have served as conduits for gas release in the geological past and located a seabed fracture and several seeps and abandoned wells where natural gas and formation water are released into the marine environment. Even though leakage may occur if these structures are not avoided during site selection, observations at natural seeps, release experiments, and numerical modelling revealed that the footprint at the seabed where organisms would be impacted by CO2 is small for realistic leakage scenarios. ECO2 conducted additional studies to assess and evaluate the legal framework and the public perception of CO2 storage below the seabed. The following guidelines and recommendations for environmental practices are based on these experiences.