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2. Performance analyses of active aerodynamic load balancing designs on high-performance vehicles in cornering conditions.

Author

Rijns, Steven, Teschner, Tom-Robin, Blackburn, Kim, and Brighton, James

Subjects
AERODYNAMIC load, AUTOMOTIVE engineering, LATERAL loads, VEHICLE models, VELOCITY
Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the impact of active aerodynamic load balancing (AALB) on the cornering performance of high-performance vehicles. The research explores the use of active asymmetric aerodynamic devices, specifically split and tilted rear wing concepts, capable of manipulating vertical wheel loads and counteracting effects of lateral load transfer during cornering. The performance potential of AALB is assessed through quasi-steady static coupling of aerodynamic data with a detailed vehicle dynamics model. The findings show that inside bias operating states of the split rear wing and tilted rear wing concepts, which favor loads on the inside tires, can improve cornering velocities up to 0.5% and 2% compared to high symmetric operating states, respectively. Noteworthy, through effective distribution of aerodynamic loads, the inside bias operating states produce less downforce and drag, thereby reducing the propulsion power required to overcome drag by 15%–20%, depending on the cornering condition. The tilted rear wing concept demonstrates the highest AALB capability and most consistent response to its control strategy, accredited to its ability to generate vertical and horizontal aerodynamic force components. It can, therefore, achieve over 1% higher maximum cornering velocities compared to the split rear wing, while also offering efficiency benefits. Overall, the research highlights the effectiveness of AALB in improving cornering performance and efficiency, offering valuable insights for the development of advanced active aerodynamic solutions in automotive design and paving the way for future advancements in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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3. Experimental and numerical investigation of the aerodynamic characteristics of high-performance vehicle configurations under yaw conditions.

Author

Rijns, Steven, Teschner, Tom-Robin, Blackburn, Kim, Proenca, Anderson Ramos, and Brighton, James

Subjects
WIND tunnel testing, DRAG shows, FLOW velocity, SURFACE pressure, ROTATIONAL motion (Rigid dynamics), AERODYNAMIC load, COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
Abstract

This study investigates the impact of yaw conditions on the aerodynamic performance and flow field of three high-performance vehicle model configurations by means of wind tunnel testing and unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes-based computational fluid dynamics simulations. While yaw effects on automotive vehicles have been explored, the effects on far more complex flow fields of high-performance vehicles remain insufficiently researched. This paper reveals that yaw conditions have a significant negative influence both downforce and drag performance. Spoiler and rear wing devices enhance downforce but increase the vehicle's sensitivity to yaw. Furthermore, yaw conditions significantly alter vortex structures and local flow velocities, affecting downstream flow behavior. Surface pressure measurements on the slant confirm these findings and highlight notable yaw effects and upstream effects from spoiler and rear wing devices. Wake analyses through total pressure measurements show that yaw induces a substantial deviation from straight-line wake characteristics, which become dominated by an inboard rotating vehicle body vortex. Overall, this research enhances the understanding of the effects of yaw conditions on high-performance vehicle aerodynamics and provides valuable data for future vehicle aerodynamics research in real-world operating conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. Comparative analysis of RANS and DDES methods for aerodynamic performance predictions for high performance vehicles at low ground clearances

Author

Rijns, Steven, Teschner, Tom-Robin, Blackburn, Kim, and Brighton, James

Subjects
RANS, DDES, High-Performance, DrivAer, Hybrid RANS-LES
Abstract

Various assessments of RANS and Hybrid RANS-LES turbulence models have been conducted for automotive applications. However, their applicability for high performance vehicles which exhibit much more complex flow phenomena is not well studied yet. In this work, the predictive capabilities of RANS and DDES models are investigated through a comparative study on a high performance configuration of the DrivAer Fastback model at a low ground clearance in an open road computational domain. The results show much agreement in the general pressure distribution, except in areas of highly unsteady flow. Visualisation of the flow field depicts that the DDES simulation is able to capture a wider range of turbulent scales with a higher fidelity. Lastly, variation in the magnitude, distribution and decay of pressure losses in the wake are observed between both simulations. The presented results are used to illustrate the capabilities and limitations of these turbulence models for other academic or industrial users to make an informed decision on the turbulence model suited for their objectives.

Published
2023

10. Abstracts from the 6th international conference on the Engineering of Sport, 10–14 July 2006, Olympic Hall, Munich, Germany

Author

Dixon, Sharon, James, Iain, Low, Daniel, Kenny, Ian C., Wallace, Eric S., Brown, Desmond, Otto, Steve R., Gámez, Javier, Rosa, David, Alcántara, Enrique, Martínez, Antonio, Such, María José, Durá, Juan Vicente, Prat, Jaime, Ramiro, José, Montaner, Ana, Gutierrez, José María, Comín, Mario, Vera, Pedro, Prat, Jaime, Meijer, Kenneth, Dethmers, Jeroen, Savelberg, Hans, Willems, Paul, Wijers, Bart, Hofmann, Martin, Ganter, Nico, Witte, Kerstin, Edelmann-Nusser, Jürgen, Nowoisky, Claudius, Yang, Connie, Caine, Mike, Wagner, Jörg F., Schmidt, Erin, Roberts, Jonathan, Rothberg, Steve, Heller, Ben W., Haake, Stephen J., Burn, Jeremy, Morgan, John, Wishart, Clive, Witte, Kerstin, Wunderlich, Bernd, Betzler, Nils, Thévenin, Dominique, Bordás, Róbert, Edelmann-Nusser, Jürgen, Self, Brian P., Beck, Joseph, Schill, David, Eames, Colin, Knox, Ted, Plaga, John, Kiefmann, Andreas, Krinninger, Maximilian, Lindemann, Udo, Senner, Veit, Spitzenpfeil, Peter, Edelmann-Nusser, Juergen, Heller, Mario, Hofmann, Martin, Ganter, Nico, Deans, Tim, Herbert, Martin, Morgan, John, Stronge, Bill, Ashcroft, Andrew, Gordon, Rae, Franklin, Kathryn, Böhm, Harald, Krämer, Christian, Senner, Veit, Barber, Sarah, Haake, Stephen, Carré, Matt, Heller, Mario, Edelmann-Nusser, Juergen, Clement, Steffen, Vajna, Sándor, Jordan, André, Tempia, Angelo, Pagliarella, Riccardo, Alam, Firoz, We, Pek Chee, Subic, Aleksandar, Watkins, Simon, Savage, Nicholas, Subic, Aleksandar, Bray, Ken, Kerwin, David, Aoyama, Ayako, Nakashima, Motomu, James, Iain, Dixon, Sharon, Blackburn, Kim, Pettican, Neil, Härtel, Thomas, Hildebrand, Falk, Knoll, Karin, Albinsson, Pär-Anders, Andersson, Dennis, Mössner, Martin, Heinrich, Dieter, Schindelwig, Kurt, Kaps, Peter, Lugner, Peter, Schmiedmayer, Heinz-Bodo, Schretter, Herwig, Nachbauer, Werner, Sakata, Toshiyuki, Yanase, Takahiro, Hosokawa, Kenji, Sato, Yu, Sakata, Toshiyuki, Scott, Nathan, Kagawa, Hiroyuki, Yoneyama, Takeshi, Petrone, Nicola, Tenan, Eva, Fumei, Piergiuseppe, Schweizer, Andreas, Tan, Ming Adin, Fuss, Franz Konstantin, Niegl, Günther, Schöffl, Isabelle, Schöffl, Volker R., Vigouroux, Laurent, Quaine, Franck, Einwag, Frank, Klee, Sebastian, Strecker, Wolf, Berrostegieta, Jon Iriberri, Schweizer, Andreas, Schneider, Alexander, Michailov, Michael, Odenwald, Stephan, Johnston, Clifton R., Maw, Sean, Fauvel, O. Rod, Krämer, Christian, Klöpfer, Isabella, Senner, Veit, Peters, Christiane, Fleming, Paul, and Young, Colin

Published
2006
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11. Abstracts from the 6th international conference on the engineering of sport, 10–14 July 2006, Olympic Hall, Munich, Germany: Volume 1 — Developments for sports

Author

Drane, Patrick J., Drane, James A., Shaw, Rebecca H., Russell, Daniel A., Nathan, Alan M., Chong, Lance, Kaczmarski, Hank, Hopkins, Joe, Smith, Lloyd, Ison, Aaron, Kagawa, Hiroyuki, Yoneyama, Takeshi, Takahashi, Masaya, Custer, Dave, Fuss, Franz Konstantin, Niegl, Günther, Phillips, Andrew, Vogwell, Jeff, Bramley, Alan, Manin, Lionel, Brabant, Jean-Daniel, Bissuel, Marc, Richard, Matthieu, Caton, Catherine, Jenkins, Mike, Strangwood, Martin, Horvais, Nicolas, Samozino, Pierre, Hintzy, Frédérique, Tempia, Angelo, Pagliarella, Riccardo M., Fliege, Ingmar, Geraldy, Alexander, Gotzhein, Reinhard, Jaitner, Thomas, Kuhn, Thomas, Webel, Christian, Trapp, Marcus, Niebuhr, Dirk, Koch, Jan, Redfield, Robin, Sutela, Cory, Lukes, Richard, Carré, Matt, Haake, Stephen, Müller, Maximilian, Senner, Veit, Wimmer, Markus, Alam, Firoz, Subic, Aleksandar, Watkins, Simon, Koike, S., Iida, H., Shiraki, H., Ae, M., Sajima, T., Yamaguchi, T., Yabu, M., Tsunoda, M., Naruo, Takeshi, Mizota, Taketo, Fitzpatrick K., Anderson R., Hoshino, Yohei, Kobayashi, Yukinori, Suzuki, Soichiro, Anderson, Brady C., Stefanyshyn, Darren J., Wright, Ian C., Sheets, Alison L., Hubbard, Mont, Kimmel, Wendy, Kerwin, David, Irwin, Gareth, Kerwin, David G., Justham, Laura, West, Andrew, Harland, Andy, Cork, Alex, Ronkainen, Jouni, Holmes, Christopher, Jones, Roy, Petzing, Jon, McLeod, Andy, James, Iain, Blackburn, Kim, Wood, Gavin, Seo, Kazuya, Kobayashi, Osamu, Murakami, Masahide, Shipton, Peter, Vickers, Alex, James, David, Young, Colin, Fleming, Paul, Dixon, Neil, Fauve, Mathieu, Bäurle, Lukas, Rhyner, Hansueli, Schindelwig, Kurt, Nachbauer, Werner, Fischer, Christian, Combaz, Etienne, Bourban, Pierre-Etienne, Michaud, Véronique, Plummer, Christopher J. G., Månson, Jan-Anders E., Schiestl, Michael, Kaps, Peter, Mössner, Martin, Ohgi, Yuji, Hirai, Nobuyuki, Wu, Qianhong, Igci, Yesim, Andreopoulos, Yiannis, Weinbaum, Sheldon, Federolf, Peter, Auer, Mirco, Lüthi, Anton, Scott, Nathan, Miller, Paul, Hytjan, Andy, Weber, Matthew, Wheeler, Miles, Zable, Jack, Walshe, Andy, Ashley, Alan, Jennings-Temple, Marke, Leeds-Harrison, Peter, Kerwin, David G., Bray, Ken, Asai, Takeshi, Sakashita, Reiko, Hiramatsu, Yuusuke, Ohshima, Shigemichi, Ohtsuki, Atsumi, Grund, Thomas, Marcolin, Giuseppe, Petrone, Nicola, Robazza, Claudio, Alcantara, Enrique, Rosa, David, Gamez, Javier, Martinez, Antonio, Comin, Mario, Such, Maria Jose, Vera, Pedro, Prat, Jaime, Honda, Yoshihisa, Steele, Carolyn, Leaney, Paul, Goodwill, Simon, Douglas, Jamie, Miller, Stuart, Choppin, Simon, Cottey, Robert, Kotze, Johan, Lammer, Herfried, Zirngibl, Werner, Hart, John, Baca, Arnold, Kornfeind, Philipp, Heller, Mario, Isotti, Andrea, Guerrini, Guglielmo, Barker, Matt, Carswell, Dave, Lavery, Nicholas, Brown, Steve, Yoneyama, Keiko, and Nakashima, Motomu

Published
2006
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13. Quantitative evaluation of stereo visual odometry for autonomous vessel localisation in inland waterway sensing applications

Author

Kriechbaumer, Thomas, Blackburn, Kim, Breckon, Toby, Hamilton, Oliver, and Casado, Monica Rivas

Subjects
survey vessel, Survey vessel, autonomous river navigation, Autonomous river navigation, Visual odometry, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, river monitoring, lcsh:Chemical technology, stereo vision, Stereo vision, Article, autonomous watercraft, Autonomous watercraft, visual odometry, River monitoring, lcsh:TP1-1185, GPS-denied environments
Abstract

Autonomous survey vessels can increase the efficiency and availability of wide-area river environment surveying as a tool for environment protection and conservation. A key challenge is the accurate localisation of the vessel, where bank-side vegetation or urban settlement preclude the conventional use of line-of-sight global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). In this paper, we evaluate unaided visual odometry, via an on-board stereo camera rig attached to the survey vessel, as a novel, low-cost localisation strategy. Feature-based and appearance-based visual odometry algorithms are implemented on a six degrees of freedom platform operating under guided motion, but stochastic variation in yaw, pitch and roll. Evaluation is based on a 663 m-long trajectory (&gt, 15,000 image frames) and statistical error analysis against ground truth position from a target tracking tachymeter integrating electronic distance and angular measurements. The position error of the feature-based technique (mean of ±0.067 m) is three times smaller than that of the appearance-based algorithm. From multi-variable statistical regression, we are able to attribute this error to the depth of tracked features from the camera in the scene and variations in platform yaw. Our findings inform effective strategies to enhance stereo visual localisation for the specific application of river monitoring.

Published
2015

20. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler measurements near a weir with fish pass: assessing solutions to compass errors, spatial data referencing and spatial flow heterogeneity.

Author

Kriechbaumer, Thomas, Blackburn, Kim, Everard, Nick, and Casado, Monica Rivas

Subjects
*ACOUSTIC Doppler current profiler, *FISHWAYS, *ERROR analysis in mathematics, *HYDRAULIC engineering
Abstract

There has been an increasing interest in the use of Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs) to characterise the hydraulic conditions near river engineering structures such as dams, fish passes and groins, as part of ecological and hydromorphological assessments. However, such ADCP applications can be limited by compass errors, obstructed view to navigation satellites, frequent loss of bottom tracking and spatially heterogeneous flow leading to erroneous water velocity measurements. This study addresses these limitations by (i) developing a heading sensor integration algorithm that corrects compass errors from magnetic interference, (ii) testing a Total Station based technique for spatial ADCP data referencing and (iii) evaluating a recently proposed data processing technique that reduces bias from spatial flow heterogeneity. The integration of these techniques on a radio control ADCP platform is illustrated downstream of a weir with fish pass on the River Severn, UK. The results show that each of the techniques can have a statistically significant effect on the estimated total water velocities and can strongly affect measures of vorticity. The obtained three-dimensional flow maps are suitable to describe the magnitude and orientation of the fish pass attraction flow in relation to competing flows and to highlight areas of increased vorticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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21. L'envolée

Author

Blackburn, Kim and Blackburn, Kim

Published
2002

22. La brousse

Author

Blackburn, Kim and Blackburn, Kim

Published
2001

24. Vortex

Author

Blackburn, Kim and Blackburn, Kim

Published
2001

25. Boîtier livre d'artistes «Cherchez Rauschenberg»

Author

Benoit, Ariane, Blackburn, Kim, Charland, Denis, Derouville, Emmanuelle, Gauthier, Karine, Gilbert-Deschênes, Marie-Sarah, Gosselin, Émilie, Jean, Amélie, Lamontagne, Isabelle, Lépine, Lise, Lavigne, Marie-Kim, Venne, Sophie, Benoit, Ariane, Blackburn, Kim, Charland, Denis, Derouville, Emmanuelle, Gauthier, Karine, Gilbert-Deschênes, Marie-Sarah, Gosselin, Émilie, Jean, Amélie, Lamontagne, Isabelle, Lépine, Lise, Lavigne, Marie-Kim, and Venne, Sophie

Published
2001

28. Field-based measurement of hydrodynamics associated with engineered in-channel structures : the example of fish pass assessment

Author

Kriechbaumer, Thomas, Rivas Casado, Monica, Blackburn, Kim, and Gill, A. B.

Subjects
639.9, Doppler Current Profiler, attraction flow, eco-hydraulics, fish pass attractiveness, flow measurement, Global Navigation Satellite System, radio-control boat, river monitoring, stereo vision, Total Station, visual odometry
Abstract

The construction of fish passes has been a longstanding measure to improve river ecosystem status by ensuring the passability of weirs, dams and other in- channel structures for migratory fish. Many fish passes have a low biological effectiveness because of unsuitable hydrodynamic conditions hindering fish to rapidly detect the pass entrance. There has been a need for techniques to quantify the hydrodynamics surrounding fish pass entrances in order to identify those passes that require enhancement and to improve the design of new passes. This PhD thesis presents the development of a methodology for the rapid, spatially continuous quantification of near-pass hydrodynamics in the field. The methodology involves moving-vessel Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) measurements in order to quantify the 3-dimensional water velocity distribution around fish pass entrances. The approach presented in this thesis is novel because it integrates a set of techniques to make ADCP data robust against errors associated with the environmental conditions near engineered in-channel structures. These techniques provide solutions to (i) ADCP compass errors from magnetic interference, (ii) bias in water velocity data caused by spatial flow heterogeneity, (iii) the accurate ADCP positioning in locales with constrained line of sight to navigation satellites, and (iv) the accurate and cost-effective sensor deployment following pre-defined sampling strategies. The effectiveness and transferability of the methodology were evaluated at three fish pass sites covering conditions of low, medium and high discharge. The methodology outputs enabled a detailed quantitative characterisation of the fish pass attraction flow and its interaction with other hydrodynamic features. The outputs are suitable to formulate novel indicators of hydrodynamic fish pass attractiveness and they revealed the need to refine traditional fish pass design guidelines.

Published
2016

29. Advanced carbon/flax/epoxy composite material for vehicle applications: vibration testing, finite elements modelling, mechanical and damping characterization

Author

Ampatzidis, Theofanis, Abhyankar, Hrushikesh, and Blackburn, Kim

Subjects
natural fibre, resonant frequency, Centre impedance method (CIM), ISO 16940, half-bandwidth method, loss factor, hybrid composites
Abstract

Nowadays, research in automotive and construction industries focuses on materials that offer low density along with superior dynamic and static performance. This goal has led to increasing use of composites in general, and carbon fibre (CF) composites in particular. CF composites have been adopted widely in the space industry and motorsports. However, their high stiffness and low density leads to low damping performance, which is responsible for increased levels of noise and reduction in service life. On the other hand, natural fibres (NF) like flax fibres (FF) are capable of delivering a much better damping performance. A hybrid composite comprising of FF and CF can potentially deliver both on strength and higher damping performance. In this study the mechanical and damping properties of CF, FF and their hybrid composites were examined. Composites' anisotropic nature affects their response to vibrations and so traditional damping experimental setups used for metals had to be ruled out. A damping set up based on Centre Impedance Method (CIM) was adopted for the purpose of this study which was based on an ISO standard originally developed for glass laminates. Standard tensile and flexural tests were conducted in order to characterise the performance of the hybrid composite. The experimental work was accompanied by finite elements analysis (FEA). The experimental data and FEA were used to optimize the hybrid structure layup with respect to damping and structural response. MSc by Research

Published
2015

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