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The perception that weight reduction is rarely successful is, in fact, a misperception. Between 1999-2000 and 2001-2002, there were no significant changes among adults in the prevalence of overweight, obesity, or extreme obesity, or among children aged 6 through 19 years in the prevalence of at risk for overweight. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute defines successful long-term weight loss as an intentional reduction of 10% from baseline maintained for 1 year. Modest weight loss is not only beneficial but also achievable for persons with overweight and obesity. Of the Americans who have tried to lose weight, almost 50% have maintained their weight loss successfully for at least 1 year. The remaining half, those who seem unable to prevent or reverse their obesity, challenge dietetics professionals to mobilize resources, confront issues at the heart of the obesity epidemic, and develop new solutions. Work to date has paid off for millions of persons. We have stopped the epidemic of obesity. Now it is time to do more by joining health care practitioners with all other stakeholders in the effort to prevent and reverse it. J Am Diet Assoc. 2005;105:S131-S135.

Objective The objectives of this study were to assess the types of dietary changes made by women who successfully reduced their fat intake in response to low-fat diet instruction and to evaluate the effects of these changes on nutrient intake. Design Two hundred women enrolled in the low-fat intervention arm of the Women's Intervention Nutrition Study (WINS) were randomly selected. Woman whose baseline fat intake was less than 20% energy from fat were excluded from the study, resulting in a total population of 163. These women were categorized into either the strictly adherent (SA) (those who met their fat gram goal and reported less than 20 % calories from fat, n=50) or the not strictly adherent (NSA) (those who exceeded their fat gram goal and reported 20% or greater calories from fat, n=113) group. The food choices made by SA and NSA subjects were analyzed to identify those that promoted greater adherence. Subjects/Setting The participants were free-living women who had been instructed to follow a diet that would meet a specific fat gram goal calculated to provide 15% of calories from fat. Statistical Analyses Performed Descriptive statistics were used to describe food groups and subgroups. t tests were used to determine statistical significance between and within groups. [chi square] analysis was used to assess differences in demographic variables. Results There were no marked differences in food patterns of the SA and NSA subjects when compared with the Food Guide Pyramid (FGP) recommendations. Both met FGP serving recommendations at baseline. At 12 months, both showed reductions in the number of servings from fats and oils; SA subjects showed a greater reduction (from 4.18[+ or -]3.6 to 3.0[+ or -]2.4) as well as a reduction in servings from the bread group intake (5.7[+ or -]2.2 to 4.8[+ or -]2.1). Evaluation of food subgroups from within FGP groups showed strategies that promoted fat reduction, such as reducing portion sizes of high-fat foods. The use of these strategies was greater in the SA subjects. The reduction in fat intake had little impact on nutrient adequacy. SA and NSA subjects reduced energy intake from baseline to follow-up, with SA subjects reporting lower intakes. There were few differences in nutrient intakes between the SA and NSA subjects at either time period. Conclusions The results from this study suggest specific strategies that promote successful reduction in fat intake without compromising nutrient intake. This information can be used to guide others in making dietary changes. J Am Diet Assoc. 2004;104:551-559.

Epidemiologic investigations and laboratory studies suggest that bioactive soy phytochemical components may be used as an effective dietary regimen for prevention of prostate cancer. Studies designed to identify new genes that are responsive to androgens and are sensitive to the prevention of prostate cancer using soy bioactive components have become a research priority. In this study, we determined the effect of soy isoflavones on the expression of prostate androgen-regulated transcript 1 (PART-1), a newly discovered androgen-induced gene that may represent a novel androgen-dependent prostate cancer tumor marker. In an androgen-depleted cell culture system, 5[alpha]-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) induced expression of PART-1 transcript in androgen-sensitive LNCaP, but not in androgen-independent DU 145 or PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. The soy isoflavones genistein and daidzein dose-dependently inhibited DHT-induced expression of the PART-1 transcript. Genistein at 50 [micro]mol/L completely inhibited expression of the PART-1 transcript in LNCaP cells induced by DHT at 0.1 and 1.0 nmol/L. Daidzein was less potent than genistein, whereas glycitein at the same levels as genistein or daidzein did not inhibit DHT-induced PART-1 transcript expression. Our studies suggest that use of the PART-1 gene as a biomarker for evaluating the efficacy of soy isoflavones on androgen-dependent prostate cancer warrants further investigation. KEY WORDS: * prostate cancer * isoflavones * prostate androgen-regulated transcript-1

Pasteur's Quadrant is a useful framework for denoting the link between basic science and technological innovation. It is also the basis for exploring the discipline of nutritional physiology and could lead to developments for treating and preventing malnutrition.