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1. Multiple types of genomic variation contribute to adaptive traits in the mustelid subfamily Guloninae.

Author

Derežanin, Lorena, Blažytė, Asta, Dobrynin, Pavel, Duchêne, David A., Grau, José Horacio, Jeon, Sungwon, Kliver, Sergei, Koepfli, Klaus‐Peter, Meneghini, Dorina, Preick, Michaela, Tomarovsky, Andrey, Totikov, Azamat, Fickel, Jörns, and Förster, Daniel W.

Subjects
*GENOMICS, *SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms, *COMPARATIVE genomics, *ECOLOGICAL niche, *FAMILY size, *GENE families
Abstract

Species of the mustelid subfamily Guloninae inhabit diverse habitats on multiple continents, and occupy a variety of ecological niches. They differ in feeding ecologies, reproductive strategies and morphological adaptations. To identify candidate loci associated with adaptations to their respective environments, we generated a de novo assembly of the tayra (Eira barbara), the earliest diverging species in the subfamily, and compared this with the genomes available for the wolverine (Gulo gulo) and the sable (Martes zibellina). Our comparative genomic analyses included searching for signs of positive selection, examining changes in gene family sizes and searching for species‐specific structural variants. Among candidate loci associated with phenotypic traits, we observed many related to diet, body condition and reproduction. For example, for the tayra, which has an atypical gulonine reproductive strategy of aseasonal breeding, we observed species‐specific changes in many pregnancy‐related genes. For the wolverine, a circumpolar hypercarnivore that must cope with seasonal food scarcity, we observed many changes in genes associated with diet and body condition. All types of genomic variation examined (single nucleotide polymorphisms, gene family expansions, structural variants) contributed substantially to the identification of candidate loci. This argues strongly for consideration of variation other than single nucleotide polymorphisms in comparative genomics studies aiming to identify loci of adaptive significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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2. Angliavandenių įtaka kultūrinių kriaušių mikroūglių užsigrūdinimui žemoje teigiamoje temperatūroje.

Author

Lukoševičiūtė, Vanda, Stanienė, Gražina, Blažytė, Asta, Sasnauskas, Audrius, Gelvonauskienė, Dalia, Baniulis, Danas, and Rugienius, Rytis

Subjects
*PEARS, *PLANT shoots, *COLD adaptation, *AGRICULTURE, *CARBOHYDRATES, *TEMPERATURE effect, *CULTIVARS
Abstract

For pear cultivars growing in Lithuania like for many other orchard plants, low temperature and temperature luctuations during various periods of over wintering can cause heavy losses. Climatic conditions often constitute a serious hazard to genetic resources of many plant species maintaining in field collections. Therefore, in vitro techniques are being developed and used to store germplans of vegetatively propagated plants. Low temperature often is used for growth slowdown during long-term storage. Cold hardiness is genotype dependent and specific reaction to storage condition is characteristic to different genotypes. Therefore, knowledge about capabilities of plants to cold acclimate and withstand low temperature stress is needed for development of new cultivars and methods of long-term storage of germplams. The aim of this study is to evaluate accumulation of rafinose family carbohydrates and mannitol at low positive temperatures (during cold acclimation) in vitro, to assess effect of cold acclimation temperature, photoperiod regime, medium content of phytohormones and carbohydrates on pear cold hardiness in vitro. Cold hardiness was evaluated based on cold damage assessment and ion leakage after freezing treatment of micro-shoots. The study revealed that content of monosaccharide carbohydrates did not change during cold acclimation, however, content of rafinose family oligosaccharides increased considerably in acclimated pear micro-shoots. Differences in cold acclimation conditions had little effect on accumulation of galactinol and rafinose. Change of stachyose content in pear microshoots during cold acclimation varied and was dependent on pear genotype, cold acclimation conditions and composition of growth medium. Results of experiments on freezing of pear microshoots revealed that cold acclimation lowered cold injury of pear microshoots and increased their viability. Absolute value of critical temperature (KT50) of cold acclimated microshoots (ex- cept 'Senryo') was increased by 0.5--1.2 --C, as compared to control. This increase was most pronounced for micro-shoots of 'Oranževoje', and the lowest value was for clone No. 0408. Mannitol supplement in growth medium caused significant increase in cold hardiness in vitro of microshoot of the selected evaluated cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011

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