Search

Background: The aim of the research is to explore the relationship between psychological factors and nutritional status in adolescence. The issue of adolescent nutrition is related to several psychological problems, as well as to developmental changes during this period. Research on body image dissatisfaction has confirmed that most adolescents are dissatisfied with their bodies. Developmentally oriented scientists are unique in their approach to explaining the problem of body image, focusing on multiple aspects and attempting to understand the intrapersonal and interpersonal factors that are important for the formation of body image. Methods: The sample included 260 adolescents aged 11 to 15. The assessment of sociodemographic factors, emotional states, physical activity levels, and eating habits was included in the questionnaires filled out by the parents (DASS-21 and the Physical Activity & Nutrition Behaviors Monitoring Form questionnaire). Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated based on information about the height and weight of the adolescents. Results: The results of the correlation between psychological characteristics and BMI indicate a negative low correlation with all psychological aspects: depression (r = −0.25; p < 0.05), anxiety (r = −0.30; p < 0.05), and stress (r = −0.28; p < 0.05). Over 70% of adolescents are classified in the category of normal BMI. Conclusions: The results indicate that subjects who are of normal weight experience less pronounced depression, anxiety, and stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: This case study analyzed the successful performances of female gymnasts in the finals of the 39th and 40th World Cup in Maribor (SLO). The aim was to identify variations in their execution of the Clear Hip Circle to Handstand (CHCH) on uneven bars based on kinematic parameters. (2) Methods: This study involved elite female gymnasts from the 39th (n = 5, age: 17 ± 6 months) and 40th (n = 8, age: 17.5 ± 6 months) World Cups, totaling 13 gymnasts. Kinematic analysis was performed on 15 successful routines using the Ariel Performance Analysis System (Ariel Dynamics Inc., San Diego, CA). The analysis focused on 16 anthropometric reference points and 8 body segments, including the body mass center of gravity (CG). The main reference points analyzed were the hip joint, the shoulder joint, and the CG along the xy-axes. Trajectory, velocity, angle, and angular velocity of the hips and shoulders were calculated. Pearson correlation analysis was employed to assess the relationships between the kinematic variables. (3) Results: High intercorrelations between the reference points along the xy-axes (0.81–0.99) and optimal movement velocity were found. Dispersed results were observed for kinematic parameters of angle (0.10–0.16) and angular velocity of the hip joints (0.60–1.00), with similar dispersions for shoulder joints (0.51–1.00). Three distinct techniques were identified: (1) stretched body with minimal hip joint flexion throughout; (2) extended body with a short, quick hip joint extension during shoulder movement; and (3) hyperextension in the hip joint. (4) Conclusions: The kinematic analysis revealed three different performance styles of the CHCH among finalists. These variations in technique do not affect the success of the performance. This research contributes to a better understanding of the technique but does not prefer one style over another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research was to collect and to examine the positive effects of various physical activity (PA) programs on individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This included a combination of aerobic exercises and resistance training, with varying intensities, in order to compare which approach yielded better outcomes for T2DM management; This systematic review was conducted in line with PRISMA guidelines, focusing on the period from 1991 to 2024. Studies included in this review involved both experimental procedures and questionnaire-based surveys to assess the impact of PA on T2DM patients. The primary outcome was the effect of PA on T2DM, with secondary outcomes including changes in blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and glycemic control; A total of 23 studies, encompassing 1752 participants (515 men, 546 women, and 691 unspecified), met the inclusion criteria. The studies highlighted the positive effects of exercise, such as improvements in glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and lipid profiles. Most studies recommended a combination of aerobic and resistance exercises performed 3-4 times per week for 30-60 minutes per session; This systematic review confirms that regular PA is instrumental in managing T2DM. Health care providers should integrate PA programs into treatment plans for T2DM patients to optimize glycemic control and overall health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: The objective of this systematic review was to collect relevant data in the available contemporary studies about sports injuries of basketball players and explain differences in sports injuries relative to gender, location, sport, and position on the court; (2) Methods: The papers were searched digitally using PubMed, MEDLINE, ERIC, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases, from 1990 to 2024; (3) Results: The most frequent severe injuries for both genders are knee and ankle injuries and the most frequent forms of injury are ankle sprain and ligament strain. The most frequent injuries occur during running and after contact with the ball. Shooting guards sustain the highest injury rate followed by centers and point guards, while guards have the highest rate of adductor muscle injury; and (4) Conclusions: Studies indicate that ankle and knee injuries are prevalent among basketball players, with ankle sprains being particularly prevalent. Knee injuries are more common in female basketball players, including ACL injuries. Various factors contribute to injuries, including the biomechanics of jumping, landing, sudden changes in direction, and the physical demands placed on the body during the game. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the systematic review was to determine the effects of different physical activity programs on the body composition of women and men aged 40-65 based on collected data and analyzed papers published between 2000 and 2020. Literature research was performed using the following search databases: MEDLINE, Google Scholar, PubMed. The papers were selected on the basis of the following: type of study, intervention, results and age group of participants. The combination of physical activities and reduced caloric intake achieves the best effects on reducing fat deposits and total body weight. Aerobic activities performed 3-4 times a week in time period of 12-16 weeks with activity duration of 50-60 minutes are the most effective means of changing body composition. Moderate physical activity for middle-aged people combined with reduced calorie intake has a positive effect on body fat and weight loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Facta Universitatis: Series Physical Education & Sport is the property of Facta Universitatis, Series Physical Education & Sport and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This document is a certificate of publication for an article titled "Does the Impact Force Depend on Arm Position and Run-up Speed during Forward Handspring on the Vault in Elite Gymnasts? A Pilot Study." The article was published in the Balneo & PRM Research Journal in June 2024. The authors of the article are Petar Veličković, Dušan Stanković, Miloš Paunović, Dušan Đorđević, Saša Bubanj, Miodrag Kocić, Božidar Marović, Bojan Bjelica, Veroljub Stanković, and Nikola Aksović. The article explores the impact force during a forward handspring on the vault in elite gymnasts and investigates whether it depends on arm position and run-up speed. The journal is associated with the Romanian Association of Balneology and has both print and online ISSN numbers. [Extracted from the article]

The aim of the research was to determine the influence of physical activity on the body image of the working population. The population from which the sample of respondents was defined consisted of the working active population, with an average age of 44 years. The total sample consisted of 500 respondents, of which 193 men and 307 women. Physical activity was determined using the IPAQ short-form questionnaire, and the level of physical activity in three domains: highintensity physical activity, moderate-intensity physical activity, and low-intensity physical activity. To assess Body image, a Physical Appearance Scale was used which consisted of four questions to be answered in relation to four figures, using a scale ranging from 1.8 to 5.2. Based on the obtained results, it was found that there is a statistically significant effect of physical activity on the body image, namely on body dissatisfaction at the level of significance of .01 (Sig = .009), on comparative dissatisfaction with the body at the level of significance of .01 (Sig = .000), and dissatisfaction with the sexual body at the level of significance of .05 (Sig = .011) for the total sample. The individual influence of the level of physical activity in relation to gender was determined in working men on the domain of comparative dissatisfaction with the body (Sig = .032) and on the index of dissatisfaction with the body (Sig = .026). The authors conclude that the level of physical activity significantly affects the body image, and indicate the importance of engaging in physical activity in order to improve body image, especially in working men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern world is characterized by minimal physical activity (which is mainly reduced to the level of performing the most necessary life needs) and obesity (which has reached epidemiological characteristics). Thus, to prevent obesity and preserve human health at an early school age, it is necessary to monitor the nutritional status of children of primary school age. The aim of this study was to define the level of nutrition of the respondents and to determine the differences in body height (BH), body weight (BW), and body mass index (BMI) between the respondents in relation to gender. The sample included 105 boys and 97 girls (13.59 ± 0.30 years old), who were 8th grade students at a primary school. Three variables were analyzed, i.e., BMI, BH, and BW of the subjects. The obtained BMI values were compared with reference percentile curves (WHO, 2007), and it was determined that 34.28% of boys and 37.11% of girls were overweight (overweight and obese). Using the t-test for independent samples, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between boys and girls in BW and BMI. The obtained results indicated that girls had a higher percentage of BW and BMI. On average, girls were 4.53 kg heavier than boys, while BMI differed by 1.02.The difference in BH was not defined at a statistically significant level. Malnutrition and obesity are prevalent in children of pubertal age in Montenegro, which requires concrete preventive measures to preserve health at an early age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Facta Universitatis: Series Physical Education & Sport is the property of Facta Universitatis, Series Physical Education & Sport and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)