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Diclofenac, categorized as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is commonly employed in medical settings due to its effectiveness in alleviating pain and reducing inflammation. Despite its widespread usage, diclofenac is associated with a range of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis is an infrequent and serious skin condition marked by the abrupt appearance of multiple sterile pustules on an inflamed, red base. This case report seeks to illuminate a unique and severe adverse drug reaction directly linked to diclofenac use, underscoring the importance of increased awareness among healthcare practitioners regarding the varied and occasionally serious nature of ADRs associated with diclofenac.

Understanding population connectivity is paramount for effective conservation. While genetic tools have elucidated sea turtle migration patterns, notable data gaps limit our understanding of ocean-wide connectivity, especially regarding east Atlantic green turtles. We characterized the genetic composition of a globally important green turtle foraging aggregation at the Banc d’Arguin, Mauritania, incorporating data from 323 individuals captured between 2018 and 2021. Using extended mitochondrial DNA D-loop (738 base pairs [bp]) and mitochondrial short tandem repeat (mtSTR; ~200 bp) markers, we assessed the genetic structure of Atlantic green turtle foraging aggregations and estimated the most likely origin of immature green turtles from the Banc d’Arguin using mixed stock analyses (MSAs). We identified 6 D-loop haplotypes, with a clear dominance of CM-A8.1 (91.8%) followed by CM-A5.1 (6.3%) and 4 rare haplotypes: CM-A1.4, CMA6.1, CM24.1 and CM36.1. We found 13 mtSTR haplotypes, with ‘7-12-4-4’ being dominant (89.0%). The genetic composition at the Banc d’Arguin differed significantly from the only foraging aggregation studied in West Africa to date—in the archipelago of Cabo Verde (located ca. 750 km from the Banc d’Arguin)—dominated by haplotype CM-A5. The MSA combining both genetic markers indicated that 87.6% of immature green turtles at the Banc d’Arguin originate from the major East Atlantic rookery at Poilão (Guinea-Bissau), but 11.6% come from more distant rookeries in South America (8.1%) and potentially Ascension Island (3.4%). We suggest that green turtle transatlantic movements may be more common than previously thought and highlight the importance of the Banc d’Arguin as a regional foraging hub for this species.

It is crucial to understand the role of feminism in addressing social issues, particularly with the prevalence of feminist causes today. This necessitates examining feminist organizations within public administration that strive toward equity, and gender and social equality. It is also crucial to understand those institutions that have influence and resources to invest in social change. The intersection of these topics is found in women’s grantmaking foundations and funds (WFFs). This research explores how these organizations are 21st-century feminist organizations, the type of feminism they embody, and their role in—and contribution to—social change. Feminist organizations aim to advance gender, social equality, and equity despite being overlooked in public administration, philanthropy, and nonprofit literature. This research utilizes an exploratory and descriptive design to shed light on the current state of feminist organizations and foundations in public administration, filling critical knowledge gaps.

Introduction To prevent abuse, neglect and poor outcomes for children and families, including child protection intervention, maltreatment, and removals, it is critical to understand the scale and timing of child protection system contacts to identify opportunities for early prevention. Objectives and Approach We quantified the cumulative incidence of child protection contacts during childhood, including initial reports, screened-in reports, investigations, substantiations and removal into out-of-home-care, among all children in two Australian states. We used child protection system data linked for the South Australian (SA) BEBOLD and NSW Child E-Cohort data platforms as the numerator, and census data for the denominator, for 571,497 SA children (birth-years 1991-2019) and 1,362,505 NSW children (birth-years 2005-2018). Results Of children born in 2005 (NSW SA): Two in five children were reported to child protection by age 14; one in ten children were the subject of a child protection investigation in NSW and SA; one in twelve children in NSW and one in 17 in SA, were substantiated at least once; and one in 35 children in NSW and one in 40 in SA were removed into out-of-home care at least once by age 14. Approximately half of all types of child protection contact first occurred by the child’s fourth birthday. Conclusions/implications The scale of lifecourse child protection contact underscores the opportunities for early health and social supports to prevent child maltreatment and escalating child protection intervention. Child protection reports also represent an asset to generate public health intelligence to inform early prevention.

Objective Quantify the scale and type of maternal substance use from conception to the child’s second birthday (First 1000 days) to inform screening and support services that may reduce associated harm or risk for children. Approach We used mother and child records from whole-population health, death, and child protection datasets to ascertain maternal substance use during the First 1000 days for children born in NSW, Australia, from 2008-2017. The primary outcome - maternal substance use - included use of illicit substances, alcohol, opioid-agonist treatment, organic compounds, solvents, and misuse of prescription medicines. ICD-10 and SNOMED-CT diagnosis codes were used. Results The birth cohort included 970,470 children and 625,856 mothers. 32,000 children (3.4%) had a record of maternal substance use during the First 1000 days of life, including 13,647 (1.4%) with alcohol and 23,485 (2.4%) other drug use. Ascertainment was highest from child protection records (26,045 children), followed by mother’s (12,956 children) then children’s hospital records (3,826 children). 18,672 (1.9%) children had a record of carer substance use only in child protection records. Combining data increased the prevalence estimates; adding child protection records increased the prevalence estimate to 3.4%, compared with 1.2% in health and death records alone. Conclusion More than 3 in every 100 Australian children had a record of maternal substance use in administrative data during the First 1000 days of life in this decade-long study. In addition to health and death data, child protection data offers public health insights into the scale of maternal substance use among whole-population cohorts of children.

Introduction Children who experience maltreatment have worse health and development outcomes than other children. Early prevention relies on opportunities to respond to system contacts that reliably indicate the population burden of children’s future developmental risk. Objectives and Approach We quantified the population burden of developmental vulnerability at age five by the type, timing, and frequency of child protection contacts before school, among children in two Australian states. We used linked whole-population births, child protection and Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) data (2009-2018 cycles) in New South Wales (NSW) and South Australia (SA). Results 56,650/398,702 (14%) NSW and 12,617/80,731 (16%) SA children had ≥1 child protection contacts before school. The risk of developmental vulnerability on ≥1 domains was lowest in the no child protection group (NSW, 17-18%; SA, 19%), with higher risks in the child protection report (NSW, 28-29%; SA, 32-35%) through to the OOHC (NSW, 35-38%; SA, 39-50%) groups, with a similar pattern for the risk of medically diagnosed conditions. Children with only one child protection report before school had a higher developmental risk than the no child protection group (NSW, 34% versus 21%; SA, 42% versus 24%). Conclusions/Implications Even a single child protection report in the first 2000 days of children’s lives was a robust indicator of developmental risk at age five, with higher developmental risks among children with more serious child protection contacts before school. Child protection reports represent an under-utilised asset to inform early universal and targeted support from health, human and early education services.

An extensive literature shows that race information can impact cognitive performance. Two key findings include an attentional bias to Black racial cues in U.S. samples and diminished recognition of other-race faces compared to same-race faces in predominantly White adult samples. Yet face stimuli are increasingly used in psychological research often unrelated to race (Conley et al., 2018) or without consideration for how race information may influence cognitive performance, especially among developmental participants from different racial groups. In the current study we used open-access data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM (ABCD) Study® 4.0.1 release to test for developmentally similar other- and same-race effects of Black and White face stimuli on attention, working memory, and recognition memory in 9- and 10-year-old Black and White children (n=5,659) living in the U.S. Black and White children showed better performance when attending to Black versus White faces. We also show an advantage in recognition memory of same-race compared to other-race faces in White children that did not generalize to Black children. Together the findings highlight how race information, even when irrelevant to an experiment, may indirectly lead to misinterpretation of group differences in cognitive performance in children of different racial backgrounds.

Introduction: The clinical features of sepsis in neonates are subtle and non specific, requiring a high index of suspicion for early diagnosis. Blood culture is the gold standard for diagnosis, but it is time consuming. Therefore, there is a need for a costeffective and reliable screening tool. The Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase (LAP) activity of neutrophils is known to increase during bacterial infections in adults. Aim: To determine the activity of LAP in Neonatal Sepsis (NS) and compare the results with blood culture. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective cohort study conducted from January 2018 to June 2019 at Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, Karnataka, India. Total of 200 neonates by their haematological profile were clinically suspected of having sepsis. A peripheral smear was prepared from a drop of blood and stained to assess the LAP activity. In each smear, a total of 100 consecutive segmented neutrophils were examined and were rated from 0 to 4 according to the red granular precipitate intensity within their cytoplasm. The possible range of 0-400. The blood culture report was obtained from the case sheet. The neonates were divided into two groups: Group 1 consisted of culture-proven sepsis cases, and Group 2 consisted of neonates with clinical suspicion of sepsis but negative blood culture results. Descriptive analysis was performed using mean and standard deviation for quantitative variables, and frequency and proportion for categorical variables. Chi-square test was conducted, and a p-value

Sea turtles are an iconic group of marine megafauna that have been exposed to multiple anthropogenic threats across their different life stages, especially in the past decades. This has resulted in population declines, and consequently many sea turtle populations are now classified as threatened or endangered globally. Although some populations of sea turtles worldwide are showing early signs of recovery, many still face fundamental threats. This is problematic since sea turtles have important ecological roles. To encourage informed conservation planning and direct future research, we surveyed experts to identify the key contemporary threats (climate change, direct take, fisheries, pollution, disease, predation, and coastal and marine development) faced by sea turtles. Using the survey results and current literature, we also outline knowledge gaps in our understanding of the impact of these threats and how targeted future research, often involving emerging technologies, could close those gaps.

Delineating spatial boundaries that accurately encompass complex, often cryptic, life histories of highly migratory marine megafauna can be a significant conservation challenge. For example, marine turtles range across vast ocean basins and coastal areas, thus complicating the evaluation of relative impacts of multiple overlapping threats and the creation of coherent conservation strategies. To address these challenges, spatially explicit ‘regional management units’ (RMUs) were developed in 2010 for all marine turtle species, globally. RMUs were intended to provide a consistent framework that organizes conspecific assemblages into units above the level of nesting rookeries and genetic stocks, but below the species level, within regional entities that may share demographic trajectories because they experience similar environmental conditions and other factors. From their initial conception, RMUs were intended to be periodically revised using new information about marine turtle distributions, life history, habitat use patterns, and population structure. Here, we describe the process used to update the 2010 RMU framework by incorporating newly published information and inputs from global marine turtle experts who are members of the IUCN Marine Turtle Specialist Group. A total of 48 RMUs for 6 of 7 marine turtle species and 166 distinct genetic stocks for all 7 species are presented herein. The updated RMU framework reflects a significant advance in knowledge of marine turtle biology and biogeography, and it provides improved clarity about the RMU concept and its potential applications. All RMU products have been made open access to support research and conservation initiatives worldwide.

# Background Verbal and tactile cues can increase muscle activity, force production, and kinematics. Several studies demonstrate the effects of verbal and tactile cues on upper extremity muscles, while relatively few examined lower extremity muscles, specifically the gluteals. Studies that observed changes in gluteal function from verbal and tactile cues examined muscle activity via electromyography rather than force production or functional activities such as jumping. # Purpose The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of verbal and tactile cues on gluteal force production and broad jump distance. # Study Design Cross-Sectional cohort # Methods Gluteus maximus force production and broad jump distance were tested in forty-two healthy male and female university students at baseline and after verbal and tactile cues given in random order. Gluteus maximus force was measured using handheld dynamometry and reported in kilograms. Verbal cues included “push, push, push” before both tests. The examiner provided tactile cues to the gluteus maximus before force production testing, and the participant provided tactile cues to both gluteus maximus muscles before performing the broad jump. Performance on the broad jump was measured in centimeters. Descriptive statistics and test-retest reliability via Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated, differences in performance between sexes were analyzed with an independent t-test, and changes in force production and jump distance from baseline were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA. # Results Mean gluteus maximus force production following verbal cues significantly increased (p = 0.000) by 13.48% (3.83 kg) compared to the control condition, while gluteal force production following the tactile cues was not significantly different. Broad jump distance following the verbal cues significantly increased (p = 0.000) 3.99% (7.71 cm) compared to the control condition and significantly increased (p = 0.000) by 2.95% (5.71 cm) following the tactile cues. There were no significant differences in performances between males and females. The test-retest reliability of all measurements was 0.97-0.99. # Conclusion Verbal cues significantly increased gluteus maximus force production and broad jump distance. Tactile cues significantly increased broad jump distance but had no significant effect on gluteus maximus force. These results have implications for clinical testing and athletic performance when gluteus maximus force and jump distance are concerned. # Level of Evidence 3

Background: Women with a history of preeclampsia (PE) or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life. Increased awareness of pregnancy complications as early warning signs for CVD has called for postpartum primordial prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a postpartum web- and phone-based lifestyle program promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors to women after a pregnancy complicated by PE or GDM. Materials and Methods: Women with a validated history of PE or GDM were invited to participate in a nonrandomized pilot intervention study 3?12 months after delivery. The intervention was delivered over 6 months. All participants received tailored lifestyle counseling by a registered dietitian and access to information material on healthy lifestyle behaviors on the study's website. After inclusion, participants were invited to three study visits at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Feasibility outcomes included assessment of recruitment, retention, and acceptability. Secondary outcomes were changes in lifestyle behaviors and cardiovascular risk factors. Results: Of the 207 women invited, 44 were enrolled in the feasibility study and 40 women completed the intervention, corresponding to a recruitment rate of 21% and a retention rate of 91%. At the 3-month study visit, 94.6% of participants reported they had used the website. A total of 41.7% of the participants reported that they had achieved their personal goals during the intervention period. Conclusions: This study suggested the feasibility and potential acceptability of a web- and phone-based lifestyle intervention for mothers with recent PE or GDM. Clinical Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials.gov, no. NCT03993145.

A 2-year-old, spayed female, Bichon Frise dog was presented with reluctance to exercise, back pain, and frequent sitting down. Multiple osteolysis, periosteal proliferation, and sclerosis of the vertebral endplates of T11-13 were observed in the radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The bacterial culture of the urine specimen, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the blood, and the antibody tests were positive for Brucella canis. Accordingly, discospondylitis caused by B. canis was diagnosed and doxycycline was administered. The clinical signs resolved and the culture and PCR results were negative afterwards. Doxycycline was discontinued after 6 months. The clinical signs recurred 2 weeks later, and the combination treatment of doxycycline and enrofloxacin was initiated. Though no clinical signs were observed after 9 months and the bacterial cultures and PCR were negative, the antibody titre remained at 1:200 or more. The dog will continue taking antibiotics until the antibody titre drops. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of a clinical infection of B. canis associated with canine discospondylitis in the Republic of Korea. Although the clinical signs of brucellosis might improve with antibiotic treatment, the disease cannot be cured due to Brucella's various strategies to evade host immune systems. Specifically, it can proliferate and replicate within the host cells, resulting in an environment that makes treatment less effective. Furthermore, owing to its zoonotic potential, owners and veterinarians should consider lifelong management or euthanasia.

The Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus was once of great commercial importance in many coastal rivers of the eastern USA. Over the 19th and 20th centuries, most historical stocks of Atlantic sturgeon were depleted by human activities. Estimating recruitment for the remaining populations is challenging due to sampling constraints, limited age data, and natural variability. However, recruitment estimates could inform recovery efforts. The objectives of this study were to compare 2 modeling approaches to estimate recruitment of age-1 Atlantic sturgeon and provide an updated index of abundance across more than a decade of sampling in the Altamaha River, Georgia. First, we constructed capture histories of river-resident juveniles, using capture-mark-recapture data collected from 2008 to 2020, and assigned ages based on length-frequency analysis. Second, we compared more traditional Huggins closed population models and a recent nonlinear extension of Huggins models—vector generalized additive models (VGAMs)—to estimate abundance of age-1 fish. Both model types indicated similar yearly age-1 abundance estimates (Huggins: 163 in 2017 to 3839 in 2010; VGAM: 312 in 2020 to 4448 in 2010), but the VGAMs provided more direct interpretation for factors that might affect capture probability (e.g. sampling effort, temperature, fish length). This study indicates that the age-1 Altamaha River Atlantic sturgeon population has remained relatively stable over the past decade and provides a long-term baseline which will better enable managers to assess the effects of either future restoration actions or environmental disturbances on the population.

IntroductionAddressing the ongoing needs of individuals with diabetes, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like the Philippines, requires a focus on regular follow-ups with healthcare teams, adherence to healthy behaviors, and effective patient education to prevent long-term complications. The aim of this study was to ascertain the impact of a comprehensive educational program for those living with diabetes in the Philippines.MethodsIn a prospective study, a convenience sample of patients living with diabetes attending a cardiac rehabilitation or an outpatient diabetes clinic in the Philippines received a 12-week education intervention. Participants completed surveys at pre- and post-intervention assessing disease-related knowledge, health literacy, dietary habits, and tobacco use. Physical activity was measured by steps taken per day using wearable devices and by self-report of minutes of moderate or vigorous-intensity exercise per week. Satisfaction with the educational materials was also evaluated by a survey composed of Likert-type scale and open-ended questions. Descriptive statistics, paired t-tests or chi-square were used for data analysis.ResultsOverall, 184 individuals living with diabetes type 2 (mean age = 54.4 ± 12.4, 32% female) completed both assessments. There was significant improvement in disease-related knowledge (p

# Background Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability. Recurrent low back pain (rLBP) is defined as two or more episodes of LBP in a 12-month period, each lasting more than 24 hours and separated by at least one pain-free month. Many studies have shown that hip and trunk variables have an influence on LBP. However, most of these are studies of participants with acute or chronic LBP rather than rLBP. # Purpose To examine the difference between hip and trunk variables of university students with and without rLBP. # Study Design Cross-Sectional # Methods Participants with and without rLBP between 18 and 35 years of age not currently undergoing clinical orthopedic care were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Bilateral hip range of motion (ROM) and trunk ROM were measured with a goniometer or measuring tape (hip motions in all planes along with trunk flexion, extension, and lateral flexion). Strength of the hip extensors, abductors, and external rotators was measured using a handheld dynamometer, and a single-leg bridge endurance test was performed to assess differences and correlations between outcomes. # Results Twenty-six subjects aged 18 to 35 years with rLBP (n=10) and without rLBP (n=16) participated. Statistically significant differences between the two groups were found for right and left hip flexion (p = 0.029 and 0.039, respectively), right hip adduction (p = 0.043), and right hip extension (p = 0.021). No significant differences were found between groups for strength, endurance, or other ROM measures. # Conclusion The findings of this study show statistically significant although clinically non-meaningful differences in hip flexion, extension, and adduction ROM in the rLBP group compared to the control group. This lack of clinically meaningful difference may be relevant to testing procedures and treatment of patients or athletes with rLBP. This study also suggests that hip strength and endurance may not play a major role in the development or treatment of rLBP.\ \ **Level of Evidence:** 3

The social determinants associated with stunting in children from the Lauje tribe (aged 24-59 months) Palasa District, Parigi Moutong Regency Background: Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem caused by multiple factors. Stunting is a threat to the achievement of human resource progress. Handling stunting requires an approach according to the characteristics of the region. Objective: This study aims to analyze the social determinants associated with the incidence of stunting in children from the Lauje tribe (aged 24-59 months) Palasa District, Parigi Moutong Regency. Methods: This type of research is observational with a cross-sectional study design and total sample obtained is 130 people. Statistical analysis using Chi-Square test to determine the significance of the relationship between variables. Results: The results of the bivariate analysis showed that the social determinant variables that had a significant relationship with the incidence of stunting were family food security (p=0.0208, OR= 2.56; CI 95%=1.06-6.35), food diversity (p=0.0005, OR=3.61; CI 95%=1.57-8.46), mother’s education (p=0.0002, OR=4.73; CI 95%=1.86-12.68), and family income (p=0.003, OR=2.9; CI 95%=1.33-6.49). While the variables of access to health facilities and access to clean water and sanitation were not related to the incidence of stunting in Lauje children aged 24-59 months. Conclusions: The incidence of stunting in Lauje children was found to be associated with several social determinant variables. So that stunting handling efforts are needed by increasing multi-sectoral collaboration and involving local community leaders.

As development of offshore wind energy areas (WEAs) progresses along the US Atlantic coast, so will the spatiotemporal overlap and potential space-use conflict with vulnerable or protected wildlife, including Critically Endangered North Atlantic right whales (NARWs). Assessments of potential impacts from construction and operational activities on NARWs are dependent on the spatial, temporal, and acoustic overlaps between those activities and the occurrence of NARWs. Additionally, baseline distribution data of NARWs and data-driven policies are crucial to guide management decisions that minimize risk. The Massachusetts (MA) and Rhode Island-Massachusetts (RI-MA) Offshore WEAs currently comprise some of the largest lease areas and the first industry-scale offshore WEAs in the USA. Continuous passive acoustic data from 2011 through 2015 reveal highly variable seasonal, diel, and spatial NARW occurrence patterns within and near the MA and RI-MA WEAs. Under low (5th percentile) and median (50th percentile) noise conditions in the NARW communication frequency band (upcalls 71-224 Hz), we estimated detection ranges of 22 km (14 inter-quartile ranges [IQR]) and 8 km (5 IQR), respectively. Results underscore the influences of existing noise conditions on NARW communication and detectability within the MA and RI-MA WEAs. These dynamic NARW spatial and temporal occurrence data provide empirical support to enhance monitoring and mitigation strategies for minimizing risk to NARWs during periods of construction and identify time periods when heightened seasonal monitoring throughout the year during operations may be warranted.

Abstract Background Dementia is a leading cause of death in developed nations. Despite an often distressing and symptom laden end of life, there are systematic barriers to accessing palliative care in older people dying of dementia. Evidence exists that 70% of people living with severe dementia attend an emergency department (ED) in their last year of life. The aim of this trial is to test whether a Carer End of Life Planning Intervention (CELPI), co-designed by consumers, clinicians and content specialists, improves access to end of life care for older people with severe dementia, using an ED visit as a catalyst for recognising unmet needs and specialist palliative care referral where indicated. Methods A randomised controlled trial (RCT) enrolling at six EDs across three states in Australia will be conducted, enrolling four hundred and forty dyads comprising a person with severe dementia aged ≥ 65 years, and their primary carer. Participants will be randomly allocated to CELPI or the control group. CELPI incorporates a structured carer needs assessment and referral to specialist palliative care services where indicated by patient symptom burden and needs assessment. The primary outcome measure is death of the person with dementia in the carer-nominated preferred location. Secondary outcomes include carer reported quality of life of the person dying of dementia, hospital bed day occupancy in the last 12 months of life, and carer stress. An economic evaluation from the perspective of a health funder will be conducted. Discussion CELPI seeks to support carers and provide optimal end of life care for the person dying of dementia. This trial will provide high level evidence as to the clinical and cost effectiveness of this intervention. Trial registration ACTRN12622000611729 registered 22/04/2022.

River cetaceans are particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts due to their constrained ranges in freshwater systems of China, South Asia, and South America. We undertook an exhaustive review of 280 peer-reviewed papers and grey literature reports (1998-2020) to examine the current status of knowledge regarding these cetaceans and their conservation. We aimed to better understand the scale of threats they face, and to identify and propose priority future efforts to better conserve these species. We found that the species have been studied with varying frequency and that most of the research on threats has focused on habitat degradation and fragmentation (43%, mainly driven by dams and extractive activities such as sand mining and deforestation), and fishery interactions (39%, in the form of bycatch and direct take). These threats occur across all species, but more information is needed, primarily on quantifying the population impacts as a basis for designing mitigation measures. Other threats identified include pollution, vessel collisions, traditional use, and poorly managed tourism. Emerging methods such as environmental DNA and unmanned aerial vehicles are described for studying these species. Promising conservation interventions include cetacean-specific protected areas, natural ex situ protection, community-led conservation, and education programmes. However, transnational political will is required for a step change towards broad-scale protection in freshwater environments. In addition, we propose increasing capacity building, developing management plans, working closely with fishing communities, enhancing public awareness, expanding regional collaborations, and diversifying funding.

Objectives: To evaluate the patterns of inpatient (IP) vs outpatient (OP) initiation of palliative care (PC) with a focus on primary language and factors associated with successful IP to OP PC transition in in gynecological cancer patients. Methods: Patients with gynecological cancer were identified by ICD10 codes and first PC note between 01/2017 and 12/2021. Patients were excluded for incomplete data and PC referral for non-cancer related reasons. Baseline characteristics including social demographics, hospitalization outcomes and PC referral reasons were obtained. IP to OP PC transition was assessed in the IP PC referral cohort. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-squared and Fisher's Exact test for categorical and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables. Results: 471 patients were identified with 194/471 (41.2%) IP PC and 277/471 (58.8%) OP PC referrals. Reasons for referral include goals of care (68.4% IP vs 23.8% OP), physical symptoms (65.8% IP vs 84.7% OP) and psychosocial support (6.8% IP vs 19.2% OP), with many patients having more than one reason. In the 190 IP PC patients who had adequate follow up, 13.7% died at or within 30 days of discharge and 31.6% were enrolled in hospice at or within 30 days of discharge. Among the 104/190 IP PC patients who were alive and not enrolled in hospice at 30 days of discharge, only 41.3% had OP PC follow up. Patients with OP PC follow up were younger (64 vs 69, p1, 25% vs 9.5%, p=0.0208) at PC initiation. Conclusions: A significant proportion of PC was initiated IP suggesting a late and reactionary pattern and only 41.3% of the alive, non-hospice IP PC patients had successful transition to OP PC. OP PC initiation occurred at later disease course in non-English speaking patients, though this may be confounded by later diagnosis. These findings highlight the need to incorporate PC into earlier cancer care, ensure IP to OP outpatient PC transition and further research to characterize the effect of language on PC integration into cancer care.

Objectives: Transcription factors are emerging as targets for novel therapeutics for the treatment of malignancies. We sought to evaluate functions of PAX8 and HNF1B in both clear cell ovarian cancer (CCOC) and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) to ask whether these factors control tissue-specific or shared molecular functions and to assess their candidacy for targeted therapy. Methods: We used two prototypic human cell lines for each cell type. We determined differential expression of PAX8 and HNF1B byquantification of protein in western blots. HNF1B and PAX8 expression was depleted using siRNA and the Incucyte® Live-Cell Analysis System to monitor continuous growth of cells grown as monolayers and as three-dimensional spheroids. RNA-sequencing and CUT&RUN was performed to determine the transcriptional targets and binding sites of these factors. Results: PAX8 was found to be more highly expressed in CCOC than ccRCC however there was no difference in expression of HNF1B. Knockdown of PAX8 caused decrease in expression of HNF1B in both cell lines but no change in expression of two other factors ETS2 and EPAS1. Knockdown of HNF1B did not affect expression of the other transcription factors tested. The knockdown of HNF1B and PAX8 caused a significant decrease in growth rate of both cell lines in monolayer culture and had heterogeneous effects on spheroid growth. Depletion of these factors resulted in varying degrees of global transcriptional repression or activation, with evidence of a hierarchy dominated by HNF1B and PAX8, and negative crosstalk between ETS2 and EPAS1. Key downstream pathways include immune signaling, PDGF signaling and autophagy. Conclusions: PAX8 is more highly expressed in CCOC than ccRCC. PAX8, HNF1B, ETS2 and EPAS1 exhibit a strong degree of connectedness, suggesting they form a core regulatory circuit in both CCOC and ccRCC. Critically PAX8 and HNF1B are required for normal cellular proliferation in both CCOC and ccRCC in both monolayer and spheroid culture. Ongoing integrated multi-omic analyses have identified the autophagy pathway as a novel therapeutic opportunity in PAX8 and HNF1B-driven clear cell tumors.

The Bandung City has carried out various international cooperations to obtain investments in the long or short term, support for infrastructure development, youth exchanges, cooperation in culture, and receipt of fees and grant funds. One of the various cooperations is the efforts of Bandung in paradiplomacy through the sister city concept. This study is necessary because Bandung and Braunschweig have carried out the Sister City Program from 1960 to 2021. This research is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, examining why Bandung maintains cooperation with Braunschweig (Germany), running for more than 40 years. This article employed data collected from journals, news in the mass media, and information from the official websites of related parties as supporting references. In answering the research question, the author utilized the concepts of smart city and sister city. This study discovered that Bandung maintained its cooperation with Braunschweig due to its interest in building a smart city.

The northwestern Indian Ocean hosts globally crucial marine biodiversity, which is relatively understudied. There has, however, been significant research and conservation effort focused on marine turtles across the region in recent decades. We undertook an exhaustive review of 251 relevant publications to extract and collate the current information concerning marine turtles. To ensure completeness, we received input on a preliminary draft from a large group of experts who have worked extensively in the region. Data presented here are from all 13 countries with significant coastlines in the region (Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Iran, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen) on occurrence, nesting biology, morphology, foraging areas, population status, threats, and relevant national legislation and international conservation strategies. The experts independently provided details on what they felt were the (1) most significant threats to marine turtles, (2) most critical knowledge gaps for marine turtle ecology, (3) impediments to practical conservation, and (4) essential strengths and opportunities in the region.

Although published literature regarding the 5 species of marine turtle found along the continental African east coast has grown substantially over the last decades, a comprehensive synthesis of their status and ecology is lacking. Using a mixed methods approach, which combined an exhaustive literature review and expert elicitation, we assessed the distribution and magnitude of nesting, foraging areas, connectivity, and anthropogenic threats for these species in Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, and South Africa. A complex pattern of nesting sites, foraging areas, and migration pathways emerged that identified areas of high importance in all 5 countries, although significant data gaps remain, especially for Somalia. Illegal take, bycatch, and loss of foraging and nesting habitat were identified as the most serious anthropogenic threats. Although these threats are broadly similar along most of the coast, robust data that enable quantification of the impacts are scarce. Experts identified regional strengths and opportunities, as well as impediments to turtle conservation. Topics such as legislation and enforcement, collaboration, local stakeholders, and funding are discussed, and future directions suggested. Given the projected growth in human population along the continental African east coast and expected accompanying development, anthropogenic pressures on turtle populations are set to increase. Stronger regional collaboration and coordination within conservation and research efforts are needed if current and future challenges are to be tackled effectively.

Green turtles Chelonia mydas have been subject to high levels of anthropogenic exploitation, with harvesting at their nesting sites especially pronounced throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, leading to worldwide declines. Due to their delayed sexual maturity, long-term protection and monitoring is crucial to allow and accurately demonstrate population recovery. Subsequent to their exploitation, Aldabra Atoll (Republic of Seychelles) has offered the longest continuous protection for nesting green turtles anywhere in the Western Indian Ocean, beginning in 1968. Here, we document the continuing recovery of that population by estimating clutch production within 12 mo nesting seasons over 50 yr of monitoring. An estimated mean of 15297 clutches were laid annually between December 2014 and November 2019. This represents an increase of 173% since Aldabra’s intensive monitoring programme was initiated in 1980, and 410-�665% since 1968. Clutch number increases were recorded at all but 1 of 6 monitored beach groups around the atoll but were most pronounced at Settlement Beach, where exploitation of nesting females was historically most intense. Seasonality data since 2000 showed a year-round nesting season, with elevated activity in April-June peaking on average in May, and a potential shift to later in the year over time. This study highlights the considerable contribution of Aldabra Atoll to regional green turtle numbers and the benefit of long-term protection and monitoring at what can be considered a global reference site for this species.

Over the past 4 decades there has been a growing concern for the conservation status of elasmobranchs (sharks and rays). In 2002, the first elasmobranch species were added to Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Less than 20 yr later, there were 39 species on Appendix II and 5 on Appendix I. Despite growing concern, effective conservation and management remain challenged by a lack of data on population status for many species, human−wildlife interactions, threats to population viability, and the efficacy of conservation approaches. We surveyed 100 of the most frequently published and cited experts on elasmobranchs and, based on ranked responses, prioritized 20 research questions on elasmobranch conservation. To address these questions, we then convened a group of 47 experts from 35 institutions and 12 countries. The 20 questions were organized into the following broad categories: (1) status and threats, (2) population and ecology, and (3) conservation and management. For each section, we sought to synthesize existing knowledge, describe consensus or diverging views, identify gaps, and suggest promising future directions and research priorities. The resulting synthesis aggregates an array of perspectives on emergent research and priority directions for elasmobranch conservation.

Calcium channel blockers (CCBs), which are widely used in the treatment of hypertension, have been shown to influence bone metabolism. However, there is little information on whether CCBs also influence the process of fracture healing. Therefore, the effect of the CCB amlodipine on bone healing was studied in a stable closed fracture model in mice using intramedullary screw fixation. Bone healing was investigated by radiology, biomechanics, histomorphometry and Western blot analysis 2 and 5 weeks after fracture healing. Animals were treated daily (post operatively) per per os using a gavage with amlodipine low dose (1 mg/ kg body weight, n = 20), amlodipine high dose (3 mg/kg body weight, n = 20) or vehicle (NaCl) (control, n = 20) serving as a negative control. At 2 and 5 weeks, histomorphometric analysis revealed a significantly larger amount of bone tissue within the callus of amlodipine low-dose- and high-dose-treated animals when compared to controls. This was associated with a smaller amount of cartilaginous and fibrous tissue, indicating an acceleration of fracture healing. Biomechanics showed a slightly, but not significantly, higher bending stiffness in amlodipine low-dose- and high-dose-treated animals. Western blot analysis revealed a significantly increased expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Moreover, the analysis showed a 5-fold higher expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and a 10-fold elevated expression of the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), indicating an increased bone turnover. These findings demonstrated that amlodipine accelerated fracture healing by stimulating bone formation, callus remodelling and osteoclast activity.

Climate change is a threat to marine turtles that is expected to affect all of their life stages. To guide future research, we conducted a review of the most recent literature on this topic, highlighting knowledge gains and research gaps since a similar previous review in 2009. Most research has been focussed on the terrestrial life history phase, where expected impacts will range from habitat loss and decreased reproductive success to feminization of populations, but changes in reproductive periodicity, shifts in latitudinal ranges, and changes in foraging success are all expected in the marine life history phase. Models have been proposed to improve estimates of primary sex ratios, while technological advances promise a better understanding of how climate can influence different life stages and habitats. We suggest a number of research priorities for an improved understanding of how climate change may impact marine turtles, including: improved estimates of primary sex ratios, assessments of the implications of female-biased sex ratios and reduced male production, assessments of the variability in upper thermal limits of clutches, models of beach sediment movement under sea level rise, and assessments of impacts on foraging grounds. Lastly, we suggest that it is not yet possible to recommend manipulating aspects of turtle nesting ecology, as the evidence base with which to understand the results of such interventions is not robust enough, but that strategies for mitigation of stressors should be helpful, providing they consider the synergistic effects of climate change and other anthropogenic-induced threats to marine turtles, and focus on increasing resilience.

Marine mammals can play important ecological roles in aquatic ecosystems, and their presence can be key to community structure and function. Consequently, marine mammals are often considered indicators of ecosystem health and flagship species. Yet, historical population declines caused by exploitation, and additional current threats, such as climate change, fisheries bycatch, pollution and maritime development, continue to impact many marine mammal species, and at least 25% are classified as threatened (Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable) on the IUCN Red List. Conversely, some species have experienced population increases/recoveries in recent decades, reflecting management interventions, and are heralded as conservation successes. To continue these successes and reverse the downward trajectories of at-risk species, it is necessary to evaluate the threats faced by marine mammals and the conservation mechanisms available to address them. Additionally, there is a need to identify evidence-based priorities of both research and conservation needs across a range of settings and taxa. To that effect we: (1) outline the key threats to marine mammals and their impacts, identify the associated knowledge gaps and recommend actions needed; (2) discuss the merits and downfalls of established and emerging conservation mechanisms; (3) outline the application of research and monitoring techniques; and (4) highlight particular taxa/populations that are in urgent need of focus.

Latar Belakang. Depresi pada remaja merupakan pencetus beban penyakit, mengakibatkan kerugian karena kehilangan produktivitas, dan meningkatkan risiko sindrom metabolik saat dewasa. Gangguan mental emosional pada kelompok usia 15-24 tahun di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) sebesar 9,5 persen. Zat besi mempunyai peran penting dalam pembentukan perilaku emosional karena perannya sebagai kofaktor sintesis serotonin dan dopamin otak. Selain itu, tingkat aktivitas fisik dan pola makan (kebiasaan sarapan) berkontribusi juga dalam menjaga keseimbangan neurotransmiter tersebut. Defisiensi zat besi merupakan faktor utama penyebab anemia pada remaja putri. Prevalensi anemia remaja putri di Kota Yogyakarta mencapai 35,2 persen pada tahun 2012. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan status anemia, tingkat aktivitas fisik, kebiasaan sarapan, dan depresi pada remaja putri di Kota Yogyakarta. Metode. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain cross sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah 250 remaja putri SMA usia 14-18 tahun di Kota Yoyakarta. Depresi remaja diukur menggunakan Inventori Depresi Remaja (IDR) dan kadar hemoglobin untuk menentukan status anemia. Analisis data bivariat menggunakan chi square. Hasil. Ada hubungan antara kebiasaan sarapan dengan depresi pada remaja putri (RP= 1,52; CI= 1,071-2,162; p0,05), tingkat aktivitas fisik rendah (RP= 0,9; CI= 0,461-1,809; p>0,05) dengan kejadian depresi pada remaja putri di Kota Yogyakarta. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan zat besi dengan depresi. Namun, terdapat hubungan antara kebiasaan sarapan dan depresi pada remaja (RP= 1,52 ; CI=1,071-2,162 ; p=

The Healthy Air, Healthy Schools Study was established to better understand the impact of ultrafine particles (UFPs) on indoor air quality in communities surrounding Seattle-Tacoma (Sea-Tac) International Airport. The study team took multipollutant measurements of indoor and outdoor air pollution at five participating school locations to estimate infiltration indoors. The schools participating in this project were located within a 7-mile radius of Sea-Tac International Airport and within 0.5 mile of an active flight path. Based on experimental measures in an unoccupied classroom, infiltration rates of (a) UFPs of aircraft origin, (b) UFPs of traffic origin, and (c) wildfire smoke or other outdoor pollutants were characterized before and after the introduction of a portable high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter intervention. The portable HEPA cleaners were an effective short-term intervention to improve the air quality in classroom environments, reducing the UFP count concentration from one-half to approximately one-tenth of that measured outside. This study is unique in focusing on UFPs in schools and demonstrating that UFPs measured in classroom spaces are primarily of outdoor origin. Although existing research suggests that reducing particulate matter in homes can significantly improve asthma outcomes, further investigation is necessary to establish the benefits to student health and academic performance of reducing UFP exposures in schools.

Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) may interact with a virtual pion that is exchanged between nucleons. This interaction channel is important to consider in models where the spin-independent isoscalar channel is suppressed. Using data from the first science run of the LUX-ZEPLIN dark matter experiment, containing 60 live days of data in a 5.5 tonne fiducial mass of liquid xenon, we report the results on a search for WIMP-pion interactions. We observe no significant excess and set an upper limit of 1.5 × 10−46 cm2 at a 90% confidence level for a WIMP mass of 33 GeV/c2 for this interaction.

The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), a state-of-the-art facility for studying the strong force, is expected to begin commissioning its first experiments in 2028. This is an opportune time for artificial intelligence (AI) to be included from the start at this facility and in all phases that lead up to the experiments. The second annual workshop organized by the AI4EIC working group, which recently took place, centered on exploring all current and prospective application areas of AI for the EIC. This workshop is not only beneficial for the EIC, but also provides valuable insights for the newly established ePIC collaboration at EIC. This paper summarizes the different activities and R&D projects covered across the sessions of the workshop and provides an overview of the goals, approaches and strategies regarding AI/ML in the EIC community, as well as cutting-edge techniques currently studied in other experiments.

BackgroundAfatinib is approved for first-line treatment of patients with epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-positive (EGFRm+) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we report findings from a combined analysis of three phase IIIb studies of afatinib in EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-naïve patients.MethodsEGFR-TKI-naïve patients with EGFRm+ NSCLC received afatinib 40 mg/day. Dose reductions were permitted for adverse events (AEs). Efficacy endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), time to symptomatic progression (TTSP), and tumor response. Subgroup analyses were performed by Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS), presence of brain metastasis, age and common/uncommon EGFR mutations (plus other factors).Results1108 patients were treated. Median age was 61 years (range, 25–89); 19.2% had baseline brain metastases, 4.4% had ECOG PS ≥2, and 17.9% had tumors harboring uncommon mutations. Treatment-related AEs (TRAEs) were reported in 97.2%, most commonly diarrhea and rash. 41.6% had AEs leading to dose reduction. Median PFS was 13.0 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 12.0–13.8]; median TTSP was 14.8 months (95% CI: 13.9–16.1). Objective response rate (ORR) was 55.0%. Age, presence of baseline brain metastases, major (G719X, L861Q, S768I) or compound uncommon mutations had little/no effect on PFS, TTSP, or ORR, while outcomes were poorer in patients with ECOG PS 2 or exon 20 insertion/T790M mutations.ConclusionsAfatinib was tolerable with no new safety signals. Afatinib demonstrated encouraging efficacy in a broad patient population, including those with brain metastases or uncommon EGFR mutations.

Understanding the spatial ecology of highly mobile marine vertebrates is necessary for informing conservation and management strategies aimed at protecting such species. Buck Island Reef National Monument (BIRNM), off the coast of St. Croix, US Virgin Islands, harbors critical foraging habitat for Critically Endangered juvenile hawksbills Eretmochelys imbricata that exhibit high site fidelity until sexual maturation. Using an array of fixed passive acoustic receivers that covered over 20.2 km2 at its largest configuration and in-water biannual sampling, we analyzed residency patterns and habitat use of 29 hawksbills. High recapture rates allowed for long-term data collection for some individuals, with 1 individual being detected within the array 1952 d (mean ± SD: 411 ± 444 d). We used detection data to construct a resource selection function based on a generalized linear mixed model in order to determine relative habitat selection, or the use of different habitat types within an area proportional to the ‘true’ selection. Our covariates in the model were benthic structure, bathymetry, time of day, and year. Results showed selection by tagged individuals for shallow (

Knowledge of life history parameters is essential for the effective management of species of conservation concern. For migratory marine vertebrates such as hawksbill sea turtles Eretmochelys imbricata, feeding aggregations are important developmental habitats, allowing the study of population dynamics. Here, we used data from a 31 yr mark-recapture study of juvenile hawksbill sea turtles in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil, to estimate key demographic parameters. Turtles recruit to the neritic habitat at similar sizes to those of other Atlantic hawksbill aggregations. The curved carapace length (CCL) at the first capture ranged from 28 to 84 cm (mean ± SD: 44.6 ± 9.8 cm). Median minimum residence time of turtles captured at least twice was 3.2 yr, whilst long-term minimum residence of up to 14 yr was also observed, with turtles showing site fidelity within the archipelago. The mean size of turtles captured was constant throughout time. Turtles grew on average 3.4 ± 2.2 cm yr-1, with a monotonic expected growth rate function generally decreasing with increasing size. At these rates, hawksbill turtles in Fernando de Noronha would need to spend ca. 14-18 yr to reach minimum adult breeding size (~74 cm CCL). This mark-recapture study has been essential to understanding the ecology and demographic parameters of this regional hawksbill turtle neritic foraging ground.

Jember is one of the districts in East Java Province with the majority of its population working as farmers. Pringgondani Village Farmers in Jember use pesticides when farming. Pesticides contain harmful chemicals. Use of PPE (Personal Protective Equipments) can protect farmers when mixing and spraying pesticides. This study aims to analyze correlation between PPE pesticides usage and health complaints of farmers in Pringgondani Village Sumberjambe District Jember Regency. Cross sectional surveys were conducted on 50 samples. Data were collected by interview using questionnaire. Data were analyzed by chi square test to know correlation between PPE pesticides use (protective clothing, head protection, mask, gloves and boots) and health complaints (headache, increased fatigue, itching and nausea). Chi square test result showed significance 0,043 (p

Slot machines are a popular form of gambling, offering a tractable way to experimentally model reward processes. This study used a 3-reel slot paradigm to assess psychologically distinct phases of reward processing, reflecting anticipation, and early- and late-stage outcome processing. EEG measures of winning, nearly missing (a losing outcome revealed at the final, third reel), and “totally” missing (a losing outcome revealed earlier, at the second reel) were collected from healthy adults (n=54). Condition effects were evaluated in: i) event-related potential (ERP) components reflecting anticipatory attention (stimulus preceding negativity, SPN) and outcome processing (reward positivity, RewP and late-positive potential, LPP) and ii) total power and phase synchrony of theta and delta band oscillations. Behaviorally, trial initiation was fastest after a near miss outcome and slowest after a winning outcome. As expected, a significant SPN was observed for possible wins (AA) vs. total misses (AB), consistent with reward anticipation. Larger win (AAA) vs. near miss (AAB) amplitudes were observed for the RewP; LPP amplitudes were largest for wins (AAA), intermediate for near misses (AAB), and smallest for total misses (ABC), reflecting significant early (RewP) and late-stage (LPP) outcome processing effects. There was an effect of reel position on the RewP, with larger amplitude in the final reel (AAA-AAB) relative to the 2nd-reel locked difference waves (AA-AB). Across all outcomes, near misses elicited the largest and most phase-synchronized theta responses, while wins elicited larger and more phase-synchronized delta responses than total misses, with delta band measures not distinguishing between near misses and wins. . Phase locking measures contrasting win vs. near miss delta and theta synchronization, within time windows corresponding to ERP measurements, covaried with RewP, but not SPN or LPP, amplitude. Lastly, EEG measures showed differential relationships with age and self-reported consummatory pleasure. In the context of slot machine play, where reward anticipation and attainment place minimal demands on effort and skill, ERP and time-frequency methods capture distinct neurophysiological signatures of reward anticipation and outcome processing.

Introduction: Femoral nerve is an important nerve supplying the lower limb. Variations in the origin and course of femoral nerve are frequently encountered. The knowledge of these is of vital importance for orthopaedic surgeons and anaesthetists to prevent iatrogenic injury and debilitating postoperative complications. Aim: To document the variations in origin and course of femoral nerve and its clinical significance. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 specimens by dissecting 25 embalmed adult human cadavers of South Indian population out of which 20 were male and five were female cadavers. The study was conducted by dissection method done in the Department of Anatomy in Sri Siddhartha Medical College, Tumkur and Sri Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, T Begur, Bangalore Rural, Karnataka, India. Results were expressed in terms of frequency and percentages. Results: Out of the 50 specimens, in 47 specimens femoral nerve was found to be originating normally from dorsal divisions of L2, L3, L4 spinal nerves, whereas in three specimens it was found to be originating from dorsal divisions of L1, L2, L3. In two specimens femoral nerve was seen emerging from behind the psoas major muscle. Conclusion: A good knowledge about the embryological basis and variations in the branching pattern of femoral nerve is essential because of its numerous clinical implications, especially in localising neurological lesions of nerves, for their early and accurate diagnosis and thus preventing iatrogenic anaesthetic complications.

Background: In sports such as roller skates, endurance can lead to increased inflammation and muscle cell damage, free radical formation, and zinc excretion from sweat and urine that affect the increased redistribution of zinc from blood to tissue. This mechanism causes a decrease in blood zinc levels, erythrocyte numbers and hemoglobin concentrations, increased leukocyte counts and the body’s oxidative stress parameters that have an impact on the athlete’s performance decline. Zinc supplementation may be given to maintain the athlete’s hematologic parameters during endurance exercise. Objectives: To examine the effect of zinc supplementation on serum zinc level, hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, and blood MDA level of skate athletes after endurance exercise. Method: This study was an experimental clinical trial using pre and post-test designs on 8 athletes incorporated in the pre-PON DIY Wheels Team. The study was conducted in two periods, one week of endurance exercise without zinc supplementation and one week of endurance exercise with 30 mg/d of zinc supplementation. Blood sampling was performed on the seventh day of each period, before and after endurance training. Results: There was a decrease in erythrocytes and hemoglobin concentration, and a significant increase in leukocyte count after endurance training in both periods (p0.05). Although there were no significant differences in all athlete hematologic parameters between two treatments (p>0.05), there was an improvement in serum zinc levels, hemoglobin concentrations, erythrocyte, and leukocyte counts. Conclusion: Zinc supplementation 30 mg/day for one week did not have a significant effect on the athlete’s hematology parameters after endurance exercise.

In engineering of tissue analogues, upscaling to clinically-relevant sized constructs remains a significant challenge. The successful integration of a vascular network throughout the engineered tissue is anticipated to overcome the lack of nutrient and oxygen supply to residing cells. This work aimed at developing a multiscale bone-tissue-specific vascularisation strategy. Engineering pre-vascularised bone leads to biological and fabrication dilemmas. To fabricate channels endowed with an endothelium and suitable for osteogenesis, rather stiff materials are preferable, while capillarisation requires soft matrices. To overcome this challenge, gelatine-methacryloyl hydrogels were tailored by changing the degree of functionalisation to allow for cell spreading within the hydrogel, while still enabling endothelialisation on the hydrogel surface. An additional challenge was the combination of the multiple required cell-types within one biomaterial, sharing the same culture medium. Consequently, a new medium composition was investigated that simultaneously allowed for endothelialisation, capillarisation and osteogenesis. Integrated multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, which give rise to pericyte-like and osteogenic cells, and endothelial-colony-forming cells (ECFCs) which form capillaries and endothelium, were used. Based on the aforementioned optimisation, a construct of 8 × 8 × 3 mm, with a central channel of 600 µm in diameter, was engineered. In this construct, ECFCs covered the channel with endothelium and osteogenic cells resided in the hydrogel, adjacent to self-assembled capillary-like networks. This study showed the promise of engineering complex tissue constructs by means of human primary cells, paving the way for scaling-up and finally overcoming the challenge of engineering vascularised tissues.

Motor vehicles are among the major sources of pollutants and greenhouse gases in urban areas and a transition to "zero emission vehicles" is underway worldwide. However, emissions associated with brake and tire wear will remain. We show here that previously unrecognized volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds, which have a similarity to biomass burning emissions are emitted during braking. These include greenhouse gases or, these classified as Hazardous Air Pollutants, as well as nitrogen-containing organics, nitrogen oxides and ammonia. The distribution and reactivity of these gaseous emissions are such that they can react in air to form ozone and other secondary pollutants with adverse health and climate consequences. Some of the compounds may prove to be unique markers of brake emissions. At higher temperatures, nucleation and growth of nanoparticles is also observed. Regions with high traffic, which are often disadvantaged communities, as well as commuters can be impacted by these emissions even after combustion-powered vehicles are phased out.

Abstract: Selection for resistance to plant diseases is a continuous effort on the part of plant breeders. Sources of genetic resistance are often limited, despite considerable discovery efforts. Stem rust and stripe rust are two diseases of particular importance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) production. The present work aims to develop and deploy genotypes with resistance to these diseases that can be used in future breeding efforts. The Woodies, Woody‐1 (DH160733; Reg. no. GP‐218, PI 704479) and Woody‐2 (DH160754; Reg. no. GP‐219, PI 704480), are two doubled‐haploid genotypes produced via F1 anther culture named in honor of the late Lynn “Woody” Gallagher. These two‐row spring habit barley germplasm accessions were released by the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station in 2023. These genotypes have demonstrated resistance to both stem and stripe rust at the seedling and adult plant stage in trials conducted between 2018 and 2023. The genetic basis of this resistance appears to be a novel quantitative trait locus conferring resistance to both diseases on chromosome 5H that is different from the known rpg4/Rpg5 complex for stem rust resistance found on the same chromosome. Seed can be requested from the Oregon State University Barley Breeding Program or from the NLGRP Germplasm repository.

Although the cerebellum contributes to higher-order cognitive and emotional functions relevant to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), prior research on cerebellar volume in PTSD is scant, particularly when considering subregions that differentially map on to motor, cognitive, and affective functions. In a sample of 4215 adults (PTSD n = 1642; Control n = 2573) across 40 sites from the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD working group, we employed a new state-of-the-art deep-learning based approach for automatic cerebellar parcellation to obtain volumetric estimates for the total cerebellum and 28 subregions. Linear mixed effects models controlling for age, gender, intracranial volume, and site were used to compare cerebellum volumes in PTSD compared to healthy controls (88% trauma-exposed). PTSD was associated with significant grey and white matter reductions of the cerebellum. Compared to controls, people with PTSD demonstrated smaller total cerebellum volume, as well as reduced volume in subregions primarily within the posterior lobe (lobule VIIB, crus II), vermis (VI, VIII), flocculonodular lobe (lobule X), and corpus medullare (all p-FDR

Abstract Critical care needs have been rising in recent decades as populations age and comorbidities increase. Sepsis-related admissions to critical care contribute up to 50% of volume and septic shock carries a 35–54% fatality rate. Improvements in sepsis-related care and mortality would have a significant impact of a resource-intensive area of health care delivery. Unfortunately, research has been hampered by the lack of an animal model that replicates the complex care provided to humans in an intensive care unit (ICU). We developed a protocol to provide full ICU type supportive care to Rhesus macaques. This included mechanical ventilation, continuous sedation, fluid and electrolyte management and vasopressor support in response to Ebolavirus-induced septic shock. The animals accurately recapitulated human responses to a full range of ICU interventions (e.g. fluid resuscitation). This model can overcome current animal model limitations by accurately emulating the complexity of ICU care and thereby provide a platform for testing new interventions in critical care and sepsis without placing patients at risk.

Atrophic non-unions are a major clinical problem. Mineral coated microparticles (MCM) are electrolyte-coated hydroxyapatite particles that have been shown in vitro to bind growth factors electrostatically and enable a tuneable sustained release. Herein, we studied whether MCM can be used in vivo to apply Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) to improve bone repair of atrophic non-unions. For this purpose, atrophic non-unions were induced in femurs of CD-1 mice (n = 48). Animals either received BMP-2-coated MCM (MCM + BMP; n = 16), uncoated MCM (MCM; n = 16) or no MCM (NONE; n = 16). Bone healing was evaluated 2 and 10 weeks postoperatively by micro-computed tomographic (µCT), biomechanical, histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses. µCT revealed more bone volume with more highly mineralised bone in MCM + BMP femurs. Femurs of MCM + BMP animals showed a significantly higher bending stiffness compared to other groups. Histomorphometry further demonstrated that the callus of MCM + BMP femurs was larger and contained more bone and less fibrous tissue. After 10 weeks, 7 of 8 MCM + BMP femurs presented with complete osseous bridging, whereas NONE femurs exhibited a non-union rate of 100 %. Of interest, immunohistochemistry could not detect macrophages within the callus, indicating a good biocompatibility of MCM. In conclusion, the local application of BMP-2-coated MCM improved bone healing in a challenging murine non-union model and, thus, should be of clinical interest in the treatment of non-unions.

In 2010, an international group of 35 sea turtle researchers refined an initial list of more than 200 research questions into 20 metaquestions that were considered key for management and conservation of sea turtles. These were classified under 5 categories: reproductive biology, biogeography, population ecology, threats and conservation strategies. To obtain a picture of how research is being focused towards these key questions, we undertook a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature (2014 and 2015) attributing papers to the original 20 questions. In total, we reviewed 605 articles in full and from these 355 (59%) were judged to substantively address the 20 key questions, with others focusing on basic science and monitoring. Progress to answering the 20 questions was not uniform, and there were biases regarding focal turtle species, geographic scope and publication outlet. Whilst it offers some meaningful indications as to effort, quantifying peer-reviewed literature output is obviously not the only, and possibly not the best, metric for understanding progress towards informing key conservation and management goals. Along with the literature review, an international group based on the original project consortium was assigned to critically summarise recent progress towards answering each of the 20 questions. We found that significant research is being expended towards global priorities for management and conservation of sea turtles. Although highly variable, there has been significant progress in all the key questions identified in 2010. Undertaking this critical review has highlighted that it may be timely to undertake one or more new prioritizing exercises. For this to have maximal benefit we make a range of recommendations for its execution. These include a far greater engagement with social sciences, widening the pool of contributors and focussing the questions, perhaps disaggregating ecology and conservation.