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Abstract Background Anthrax is the most prioritized zoonotic disease in Kazakhstan due to its threatening potential to the public health and agricultural sector. Sporadic anthrax outbreaks are being reported annually among human and livestock populations throughout the country, with the highest frequency occurring in West Kazakhstan. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted using a survey‐based face‐to‐face interview. From January to May 2022, 489 randomly selected participants were surveyed in 6 districts of the Baiterek province in West Kazakhstan oblast to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding anthrax among community members. This is the first KAP study conducted relating to outbreaks of anthrax in Kazakhstan. Results In this study, most participants (74%) surveyed were males, and 40% of respondents had a secondary level education. Overall, 91% of the community respondents were engaged in agriculture and livestock rearing. Among these community members, cattle rearing was the most common (67%) occupation compared to other livestock species. Additionally, over a 50% of the population studied had no knowledge about the zoonotic nature of the disease, and about 82% and 87% of respondents were unaware of any animal and human anthrax symptoms, respectively. About 70% of the respondents were interested in vaccinating their livestock against anthrax. Individuals aged 45–54 displayed notably higher animal vaccination rates (45%; 95% CI: 38.4–52.0; p

The research relevance is determined by the prevalence and impact of brucellosis in the developing livestock landscape of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which requires immediate assessment to understand the current state due to dynamic changes in animal breeding technologies. The study aims to implement various diagnostic programmes and compare the data obtained with information provided by other organisations. To achieve this goal, the “gold standard” research methods were used, a set of classical serological methods, which included the Rose-Bengal test, agglutination reaction, complement binding reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, as well as the analysis method and graph analytical method. The results showed that the most infected with brucellosis were epizootic units in Aktobe, Kostanay, Mangistau, Atyrau, Akmola and West Kazakhstan regions, with infection rates exceeding 23.4%. At the same time, Almaty, Turkestan, and Karaganda regions were the least vulnerable, with infection rates not exceeding 3.1%. The largest number of animals with brucellosis was registered in West Kazakhstan Region and the smallest – in Zhambyl Region. This is due to the peculiarities of keeping and geographical locations of the regions of Kazakhstan. Thus, we can classify the situation in Almaty, Pavlodar, Karaganda and Zhambyl regions as class A, as having a low degree of infection. Kostanay, Akmola, Kyzylorda and Atyrau regions are considered to be zones with a medium degree of infection, belonging to class B. In turn, all other regions are characterised by a high degree of infection and are assigned to class C. The practical significance of the study is due to the contribution of valuable information to the scientific understanding of the epidemiology of brucellosis in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The findings provide a basis for the development of targeted intervention strategies and policy recommendations to mitigate the impact of brucellosis on livestock

This article deals with the problems of surgical treatment of broncho-pleural complications after pneumonectomies.

This article deals with the problems of the surgical treatment of the destructive tuberculosis of a single lung.

Repeated lung resections in the treatment of postoperative recurrent tuberculosis of the previously resected lung are analyzed in this paper.

This article deals with the analysis of the extensive combined resection in treatment of advanced destructive pulmonary tuberculosis.

The current stage of development in metallurgy is characterized by unprecedented attention to reducing CO2 emissions. Replacement of carbon with hydrogen in smelting of cast iron is a method of reducing CO2 emissions; however, the production of hydrogen is also associated with CO2 emissions. The carbon monoxide utilization rate during indirect reduction in a blast furnace is 28–38%, in contrast to direct reduction, in which the utilization rate is more dependent on contact area between the reducing agent and oxides. Use of ore-coal briquettes is a promising direction for increasing the utilization rate of the reducing power of carbon in a blast furnace. The study investigates the efficiency of using ore-coal briquettes in production of vanadium cast iron from the perspective of reducing CO2 emissions. We show that carbon consumption for direct reduction of titanium-magnetite concentrate is six times lower than for indirect reduction. Using ore-coal briquettes in blast furnace charge can reduce the specific fuel carbon consumption in production of vanadium cast iron, which will reduce CO2 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anthrax is the most prioritized zoonotic disease in Kazakhstan due to its threatening potential to the public health and agricultural sector. Sporadic anthrax outbreaks are being reported annually among human and livestock populations throughout the country, with the highest frequency occurring in West Kazakhstan. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted using a survey‐based face‐to‐face interview. From January to May 2022, 489 randomly selected participants were surveyed in 6 districts of the Baiterek province in West Kazakhstan oblast to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding anthrax among community members. This is the first KAP study conducted relating to outbreaks of anthrax in Kazakhstan. Results: In this study, most participants (74%) surveyed were males, and 40% of respondents had a secondary level education. Overall, 91% of the community respondents were engaged in agriculture and livestock rearing. Among these community members, cattle rearing was the most common (67%) occupation compared to other livestock species. Additionally, over a 50% of the population studied had no knowledge about the zoonotic nature of the disease, and about 82% and 87% of respondents were unaware of any animal and human anthrax symptoms, respectively. About 70% of the respondents were interested in vaccinating their livestock against anthrax. Individuals aged 45–54 displayed notably higher animal vaccination rates (45%; 95% CI: 38.4–52.0; p < 0.025) compared to those aged 25–34 and 65–74. Respondents residing in the Beles district (20%; 95% CI: 17.1–24.7; p < 0.005) exhibited a significantly higher level of awareness concerning the fatality of anthrax in contrast to participants from Bolashak. Roughly 61% of respondents held the belief that anthrax is a lethal disease. An overwhelming majority of the survey participants (99%) affirmed their non‐participation in the slaughter of infected animals. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that KAP among community members relating to anthrax is low and requires swift implementation of education programmes in building awareness of anthrax under the One Health approach, especially in anthrax prone regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]