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Silica aerogels have incomparable advantages among thermal insulation materials because of their ultralow density and thermal conductivity, but cumbersome production processes, high cost, and low mechanical stability limit their practical application. In this study, a novel aqueous process to prepare lightweight aerogel-like silica foams (ASFoams) through the cast-in situ method and ambient pressure drying was proposed with multiblock polyurethane surfactant as the vesicle template. ASFoams possess a unique loose stacking morphology of the silica hollow sphere with a 3D network structure as the skeleton, which endues ASFoams with a low density of 0.059 g/cm

Reducing carbon emissions to cope with climate change and short of energy have become a global trend, so it is urgent to accurately measure energy consumption and emissions. As taxi occupies the second highest proportion of domestic roads, it is necessary to study the emission of new energy. However, existing studies often consider the whole region, with low accuracy and no true value, resulting in difficult verification of conclusions. This paper proposed a micro-energy consumption and carbon emission model for taxicabs based on trajectory data and deep learning method to dynamically simulate the real-time energy consumption of taxicabs with different energy sources. First, this paper detected the correlation between driving state and energy consumption carbon emission in portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) environment. Then, a deep learning-based framework was built to learn the vehicle’s energy consumption carbon emission pattern. In particular, Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) neural network is used to learn current and historical driving habits and the influence of external environment on energy consumption, while life cycle assessment (LCA) method is used to obtain the emission patterns of vehicles with different energy types in the whole life cycle. The measured data are obtained in Wuhan, the precision of our model is higher than that of the existing model. At the same time, we also applied it to the taxicab monthly trajectory dataset to obtain the spatial-temporal energy consumption emission patterns of different types of energy. The results show that pure electric vehicle (PEV) has obvious greenhouse gas emission reduction effect, compared with gasoline and compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles, the emission reduction is 12.03% and 12.07% respectively, but the total energy consumption achieves little advantage. This model will lay a foundation for the formulation of regional road network emission inventory, so as to provide support for the government to make relevant decisions.

Electroreduction carbon dioxide into formate has been regarded as a hopeful measure to relieve global warming. Copper-based hollow fibers demonstrated good performances on converting carbon dioxide in previous researches. Herein Cu-Sn alloy hollow fibers were synthesized in an innovative way, combining the structure advantages of hollow fiber and high selectivity towards formate on η' bronze. Tests under different gas injection conditions were conducted to analyze the contribution of the hollow fiber structure on suppression of hydrogen evolution and promotion on kinetics. Strikingly, Cu-Sn45 % hollow fiber, the optimal catalyst in this work, achieved a highest faradaic efficiency towards formate of 90.96 % at a lower potential of -0.75 V vs. RHE than most non-noble catalysts, and the FE of H2 was below 4 %.

The changes in lifestyle and bad living habits have a significant impact on the health of people, resulting in an increasing prevalence of lung cancer. The most prevalent kind of lung cancer is nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for around 80% of all cases. Chemotherapy is a common treatment method in clinical practice with certain negative effects. The primary goal of this study is to investigate the clinical efficacy of stereotactic radiotherapy in combination with a docetaxel plus cisplatin (TP) chemotherapy regimen in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their impact on the levels of cytokeratin fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) in NSCLC patients. Eighty patients who were admitted to the hospital between November 2016 and November 2019 were recruited and assigned to receive either chemotherapy with a TP regimen (the control group) or chemotherapy with a TP regimen plus stereotactic radiotherapy (the observation group). The WHO response evaluation criteria (REC) for solid tumors were adopted to analyze short-term efficacy, and the Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score was used to assess the quality of life by recording adverse reactions in the blood system, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, bladder, nervous system, and heart. The levels of CYFRA21-1 and MALAT1 in serum before and after the treatment were determined and compared. As a result, the observation group showed higher total efficacy and MALAT1 level, better quality of life, and lower CYFRA21-1 level than the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Stereotactic radiotherapy plus TP regimen chemotherapy resulted in significantly better progression-free survival, overall survival, survival rate, and long-term prognosis versus chemotherapy alone. Moreover, combined therapy was associated with a lower incidence of hemoglobin reduction, gastrointestinal reaction, and renal impairment versus TP regimen chemotherapy ( P < 0.05 ). Therefore, we concluded that stereotactic radiotherapy plus chemotherapy with a TP regimen significantly optimizes the clinical efficacy of the NSCLC treatment.

In Chinese medicine, asthma cases contain a large amount of empirical data which are obtained from the clinical diagnosis of doctors throughout the year. Data correlation analysis method is among the common mechanisms which are used to mine association between the (1) prescriptions and prescribers (doctors in this case) and (2) symptoms and medications for a particular disease in the hospitals. In this paper, initially, a thorough analysis of expected performance and shortcomings of the Apriori algorithm in mining of medical case data is presented. Secondly, we propose an extended version of the traditional Apriori algorithm which is primarily based on the fast response of computer to bit-string logic operation. A comparative evaluation of the proposed and existing Apriori algorithms is presented particularly in terms of running time, mining of frequent items set and strong association rules. Both experimental and simulation results have proved that the proposed extended Apriori algorithm has outperformed existing algorithms when it is applied to asthma medication and combined symptom-medication data for the association analysis. Furthermore, the association relationship between mind asthma case data and medication is effective in the analysis of asthma case data with significant application value which is verified by the experimental data and observations.

Background: The objective of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy of radiotherapy combined with surgery for locally advanced gastric signet-ring-cell carcinoma (GSRCC). Methods: Clinical data of patients with locally advanced GSRCC diagnosed by postoperative pathology from 2000-2016 were collected from the US Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. All the enrolled patients were divided into three groups according to treatment type: surgery alone (S; N=727), surgery with preoperative radiotherapy (RT+S; N=138), surgery with postoperative radiotherapy (S+RT; N=548). Results: The median overall survival (OS) time in S, RT+S and S+RT group was 19, 26 and 33 months, respectively; the overall survival (OS) rate was 19.5%, 26.9% and 34.0%, respectively; the median cancer-specific survival (CSS) time was 29, 31 and 43 months, respectively; and the CSS rate was 32,4%, 35.3% and 43.6%, respectively. After performing propensity score matching (PSM), it was found that the OS rate was significantly lower in S group than in RT+S or S+RT group (all PConclusions: Compared to surgery alone, surgery combined with preoperative or postoperative radiotherapy is beneficial to the long-term survival of patients with locally advanced GSRCC.

As an important member of centromere family, centromere associated protein N (CENPN) was abnormally expressed in varied malignant tumors.This paper aimed to analyze the expression and related mechanism of CENPN in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).The expression of CENPN in LUAD was analyzed by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database. The mRNA expression, protein expression, cell viability, cell invasion, cell apoptosis, cell stem like characteristics were detected by RT-PCR, western blot, CCK8 assay, transwell assay, flow cytometry and spheroidization assay, respectively. Finally, the pathological changes of xenograft were estimated by HE staining, and the expression of proteins was detected by immunohistochemistry.GEPIA analysis showed that the CENPN expression in LUAD was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissue, which was negatively correlated with the prognosis. These results were consistent with our clinical data. Besides, CENPN was highly expressed in LUAD cell lines. In addition, the upregulation of CENPN amplified the cell viability, stemness and invasive ability in PC9 cells. However, the knockdown of CENPN inhibited the cell activity, stemness, invasive ability with increased cell apoptosis in A549. Furthermore, CENPN could positively regulate the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT. The PI3K inhibitor, 740Y-P, could reverse the effect of CENPN silencing on the expression of Ki-67, cleaved caspase 3, OCT4, and snail 1. Finally, the downregulation of CENPN restrained the growth of xenograft and inactivated the PI3K/AKT pathway.CENPN was abnormally overexpressed in LUAD, and promoted tumor progression of LUAD by affecting PI3K/AKT pathway.

Background Acupuncture has been widely used for acute low back pain (LBP), yet there remains continued controversy regarding its efficacy. Therefore, we aimed to critically evaluate the evidence for acupuncture as an effective treatment for acute LBP. Methods English and Chinese databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that involved acupuncture for acute LBP published up to May 2020. Data on the outcomes of pain intensity, functional status, and analgesic use were extracted. The meta-analysis was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.3, and pooled data were expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Of the 13 eligible RCTs identified, 11 RCTs (involving 707 patients) provided moderate-quality evidence that acupuncture has a statistically significant association with improvements in VAS (visual analog scale) score [MD: -1.75 (95% CI: -2.39, -1.12)]. Two studies indicated that acupuncture did not influence the RMDQ (Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire) scores more than the control treatment [MD: -2.34 (95% CI: -5.34, 0.67)]. Three studies suggested that acupuncture influenced the ODI (Oswestry Disability Index) scores more than the control treatment [MD: -12.84 (95% CI: -23.94, -1.74)]. Two studies suggested that acupuncture influenced the number of pills more than the control treatment [MD: -3.19 (95% CI: -3.45, -2.92)]. Conclusions Acupuncture treatment of acute LBP was associated with modest improvements in the VAS score, ODI score, and the number of pills, but not the RMDQ score. Our findings should be considered with caution due to the low power original studies. High-quality trials are needed to assess further the role of acupuncture in the treatment of acute LBP.

This paper proposes a distributed multi-energy management framework for the coordinated operation of interconnected biogas-solar-wind microgrids. In this framework, each microgrid not only schedules its local hybrid biogas-solar-wind renewables for coupled multi-carrier energy supplies based on the concept of energy hub, but also exchanges energy with interconnected microgrids and via the transactive market. The multi-microgrid scheduling is a challenging optimization problem due to its severe constraints and strong couplings. A multi-microgrid multi-energy coupling matrix is thus formulated to model and exploit the inherent biogas-solar-wind energy couplings among electricity, gas and heat flows. Furthermore, a distributed stochastic optimal scheduling scheme with minimum information exchange overhead is proposed to dynamically optimize energy conversion and storage devices in the multi-microgrid system. The proposed method has been fully tested and benchmarked on different scaled multi-microgrid system over a 24-hour scheduling horizon. Comparative results demonstrated that the proposed approach can reduce the system operating cost and enhance the system energy-efficiency, and also confirm its scalability in solving large-scale multi-microgrid problems.

This paper presents Jacobi stability analysis of 23 simple chaotic systems with only one Lyapunov stable equilibrium by Kosambi-Cartan-Chern (KCC) theory, and analyzes the chaotic behavior of these systems from the geometric viewpoint. Different from Lyapunov stability, the unique equilibrium for each system is always Jacobi unstable. Moreover, the dynamical behaviors of deviation vector near equilibrium are discussed to reveal the onset of chaos for these 23 systems, and show furtherly the coexistence of unique Lyapunov stable equilibrium and chaotic attractor for each system geometrically. The obtaining results show that these chaotic systems are not robust to small perturbations of the equilibrium, indicating that the systems are extremely sensitive to internal environment. This reveals that the chaotic flows generated by these systems may be related to Jacobi instability of the equilibrium. It is hoped that the study of this paper can help reveal the true geometrical structure of hidden chaotic attractors.

Background The emergence of SARS-Cov2 variants has highlighted the need to implement sequencing-based surveillance in developing countries for early response to mutant viruses of concern. However, limited information on how to implement sequencing-based surveillance is available, and the feasibility and performance of this new type of surveillance are still in question. Methods To understand the challenges with the implementation and to promote sequencing-based surveillance, we reported findings from a pilot for hepatitis A (HepA) in five sentinel provinces in China as an example of sequencing-based surveillance implementation. The performance of the surveillance system was evaluated by indicators related to acceptability, data quality, simplicity, utility, and timeliness. We use a scale from 1 to 3 was used to provide a score for each aspect. Results During the pilot, 306 cases of HepA were reported, and 49.79% of samples were available for sequencing. Eleven genomic clusters were found, of which seven clusters were potentially related to a foodborne outbreak oyster based on identical viral sequence and epidemiologic investigations. The greatest strength of the system was its simplicity (Score: 2.63). The acceptability (Score: 2.0) and utility (Score: 2.33) were modest, but data quality (Score: 1.75) and timeliness (Score: 1.75) were the main challenges. Conclusions Overall, the system performed satisfactorily and proved to be useful for virological characterization of cases and early outbreak detection, with a great potential for scale-up. Further efforts are required to address financial and human resource constraints and inadequate support among physicians. Education should be given to health care professionals to improve the data quality. The establishment of decentralized surveillance networks can be an approach to improve timeliness for emerging infections.

Electroreduction carbon dioxide into formate has been regarded as a hopeful measure to relieve global warming. Copper-based hollow fibers demonstrated good performances on converting carbon dioxide in previous researches. Herein Cu-Sn alloy hollow fibers were synthesized in an innovative way, combining the structure advantages of hollow fiber and high selectivity towards formate on η' bronze. Tests under different gas injection conditions were conducted to analyze the contribution of the hollow fiber structure on suppression of hydrogen evolution and promotion on kinetics. Strikingly, Cu-Sn

Object: To report the successful diagnosis and treatment of a patient with critical condition of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) and to summarize its clinical features and airway management experience in successful treatment.Methods: Retrospectively analyzed the successful management of one case of COVID-19 with critical condition combined respiratory failure and discussed the clinical characteristics and airway management of the patient in conjunction with a review of the latest literature.Results: A patient with an anastomotic fistula after radical treatment of esophageal cancer and right-side encapsulated pyopneumothorax was admitted with cough and dyspnea and was diagnosed with novel coronavirus pneumonia and malnutrition by pharyngeal swab nucleic acid test in combination with chest CT. The patient was treated with antibiotics, antiviral and antibacterial medications, respiratory support, expectorant nebulization, and nutritional support, expressed progressive deterioration. Endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation were performed since the onset of the type Ⅱ respiratory failure on the 13th day of admission. The patient had persistent refractory hypercapnia after mechanical ventilation. Based on the treatment mentioned above, combined with repeated bronchoalveolar lavage by using N-acetylcysteine ​​(NAC) inhalation solution, the patient's refractory hypercapnia was gradually improved. It was cured and discharged after being given the mechanical ventilation for 26 days as well as 46 days of hospitalization, currently is surviving well.Conclusion: Patients with severe conditions of novel coronavirus pneumonia often encounter bacterial infection in their later illness-stages. They may suffer respiratory failure and refractory hypercapnia that is difficult to improve due to excessive mucus secretion leading to small airway obstruction. In addition to the use of reasonable antibiotics and symptomatic respiratory support and other treatment, timely artificial airway and repeated bronchoalveolar NAC inhalation solution lavage, expectorant and other airway management are essential for such patients.

Manganese oxides based supercapacitors have shown great potential in portable electronics. However, the limited energy density of MnO2-based electrodes is still a developmental bottleneck that restricts their practical applications. In this work, we use hydrothermal method to grow highly regular MnO2 nanoclusters on oxidized carbon fiber as sponge layer, in which Mn3O4 nanospheres are expanded in MnO2 by hydrothermal method again, forming a hierarchical core-shell nanostructure. The activatable nanoparticles undergo a phase change by cycling protocol, providing high accessible surface area and more exposed active sites. The resulting MnO2/Mn3O4 electrode exhibits an excellent performance such as a superior specific capacitance of 1709 F g − 1 at 1 A g − 1 in 1.0 M Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte, a good electrochemical cycling stability with 91.9% and 71.67% retentions of initial specific capacitance and nearly 100% coulumbic efficiency respectively after 6000 and 20,000 cycles at 10 A g − 1. The assembled asymmetrical ASC displayed a maximum operating voltage of 1.9 V, a high specific capacitance of 198.6 F g − 1 at 0.8 A g − 1 and an exceptional energy density of 234 W h kg−1. These results open up new paths for exploring high-performance manganese oxide-based electrode materials and applying for advanced energy storage devices.

An efficient heterogeneous photocatalytic process coupling photocatalysis and Fenton-like process was carried out, where the Fenton-like cycle could be driven by self-produced H

In this paper, Jacobi stability of a segmented disc dynamo system is geometrically investigated from viewpoint of Kosambi–Cartan–Chern (KCC) theory in Finsler geometry. First, the geometric objects associated to the reformulated system are explicitly obtained. Second, the Jacobi stability of equilibria and a periodic orbit are discussed in the light of deviation curvature tensor. It is shown that all the equilibria are always Jacobi unstable for any parameters, a Lyapunov stable periodic orbit falls into both Jacobi stable regions and Jacobi unstable regions. The considered system is not robust to small perturbations of the equilibria, and some fragments of the periodic orbit are included in fragile region, indicating that the system is extremely sensitive to internal parameters and environment. Finally, the dynamics of the deviation vector and its curvature near all the equilibria are presented to interpret the onset of chaos in the dynamo system. In a physical sense, magnetic fluxes and angular velocity can show irregular oscillations under some certain cases, these oscillations may reveal the irregularity of magnetic field’s evolution and reversals.

Rationale: The new coronavirus pneumonia Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic. Patients with critically COVID-19 usually require invasive respiratory support, and the airway management is particularly important and the prognosis is poor. Patient concerns: A 64-year-old man with an anastomotic fistula after radical treatment of esophageal cancer and right-side encapsulated pyopneumothorax was admitted with cough and dyspnea. Diagnosis: The patient was diagnosed with novel coronavirus pneumonia and right-side encapsulated pyopneumothorax by pharyngeal swab nucleic acid test in combination with chest computed tomography (CT). Interventions: The patient was treated with antibiotics, antiviral and antibacterial medications, respiratory support, expectorant nebulization, and nutritional support. But he expressed progressive deterioration. Endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation were performed since the onset of the type - respiratory failure on the 13th day of admission. The patient had persistent refractory hypercapnia after mechanical ventilation. Based on the treatment mentioned above, combined with repeated bronchoalveolar lavage by using N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhalation solution, the patients refractory hypercapnia was gradually improved. Outcomes: The patient was cured and discharged after being given the mechanical ventilation for 26 days as well as 46 days of hospitalization, currently is surviving well. Lessons : Patients with severe conditions of novel coronavirus pneumonia often encounter bacterial infection in their later illness-stages. They may suffer respiratory failure and refractory hypercapnia that is difficult to improve due to excessive mucus secretion leading to small airway obstruction. This study provided a new insight on the proper treatment severe COVID-19 patients. The use of reasonable antibiotics and symptomatic respiratory support and other treatment, timely artificial airway and repeated bronchoalveolar NAC inhalation solution lavage, expectorant and other airway management are essential for such patients.

An efficient heterogeneous photocatalytic process coupling photocatalysis and Fenton-like process was carried out, where the Fenton-like cycle could be driven by self-produced H2O2 rather than extra H2O2 addition. It was revealed that C3N4por exhibited good performance at H2O2 production in pure water, which was enhanced up to eight times than bare g-C3N4. Fenton-like cycle was constructed in Ti3+-TiO2-C3N4por as C3N4por severed as H2O2 donator, while the Ti3+-TiO2 was able to provide photoinduced electrons for the Fenton-like process, resulting in the generation of much more OH radical. In addition, ESR spectra were performed to confirm the promotion of the Fenton-like cycle and much more OH radical was detected in Ti3+-TiO2-C3N4por than Ti3+-TiO2-C3N4 due to the great improvement in H2O2 production of C3N4por. What’s more, the feasible photocatalytic mechanism of Ti3+-TiO2-C3N4por composite was also proposed.

Ni x Co 1 − x Fe 2 O 4 ( x = 0.2, 0.5, 0.8) particles were prepared by a self-designed method, i.e., microwave assisted ball milling. A series of characterizations were carried out on the prepared powders, including X-ray Diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and vector network analyzer (VNA). XRD and TEM results indicated that the particles are well-crystallized and the average size is about 15 nm. According to VSM results, the M s values are 76 emu/gm, 61 emu/gm and 46 emu/gm respectively, which obviously presented higher saturation magnetization values compared with other existing methods. Complex permittivity and permeability of Ni–Co ferrites were explored by VNA in the frequency of 2–18 GHz, and the reflection loss (RL) was also calculated. The results illustrated that the minimum reflection loss values of the three ferrites all emerged in the range of 9–12 GHz, and the Ni 0.8 Co 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 with a thickness of 2.5 mm could achieve −36.2 dB at 11.52 GHz, which indicated that the Ni–Co ferrite nanoparticles possessed great potential in microwave absorption applications.

A phase transition from spinel Mn3O4 to layered birnessite has been reported through electrochemically induced activation in aqueous electrolyte for high performance supercapacitor, battery and water splitting applications. Here, Li2SO4, MgSO4 and K2SO4 aqueous electrolytes were used for the activation of Mn3O4 electrode to investigate the effect of electrolyte cation on the electrochemical activation. The Mn3O4 electrode exhibited different activated results in the three electrolytes, including the efficiency of phase transition, morphology of resulting birnessite and capacitive performance of the activated electrode. The cations affect the proceeding of H+ insertion or the peeling-off of birnessite nanosheets during the phase transition process, resulting in the formation of nanosheet materials with different lateral dimensions. Effect of electrolyte cation on the electrochemical behavior of nanosheets electrode is further investigated. The nanosheets electrode activated in K2SO4 exhibits capable capacitive behavior with reasonable specific capacitance and cycling stability. Understanding how different cations affect the phase transition of Mn3O4 together with its capacitive performance will conduce to the development of manganese oxide electrode systems with high performance.

A microwave-assisted ball milling process was used for low temperature synthesis of MgFe2O4 nanoparticles with high saturation magnetization. Four comparitive experiments, including boiling water assisted ball milling, microwave irradiation, regular ball milling, and microwave/ball milling alternative treatment, were also conducted to investigate the coupling effect of microwave and mechanical forces in the microwave-assisted ball milling process, which played a key role in the successful synthesis of MgFe2O4 nanoparticles. The concentrations of •OH radicals in the reaction solutions of these experiments were measured and used as an indicator for the solution reactivity. It showed that the concentration of •OH in microwave-assisted ball milling was much higher than that in microwave irradiation and regular stirring ball milling processes, confirming that the coupling of microwave and ball milling significantly enhanced the chemical reaction.

Well-crystallized Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles with mean size of 20 nm and high saturation magnetization (82.9 emu/g) were synthesized at a low temperature (≤100°C) by microwave-assisted solid–liquid reaction ball-milling technique without subsequent calcination. CoC2O4·4H2O and Fe powder were used as raw materials and stainless steel or pure iron milling balls with diameter of 1.5 mm were used. As a contrast, solid–liquid reaction ball milling without microwave assistance was also investigated. The results showed that this is a simple, environmentally friendly, and energy-saving technique for ferrite nanocrystal synthesis.

An ionic liquid-based vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was developed for the analysis of trace amounts of six organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in apple and pear coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography. During the DLLME, the effect of some experimental factors including extraction solvent and its volume, dispersion solvent and its volume, vortex time, salt addition, and pH on the extraction procedure were investigated. Under the chosen extraction conditions, the analytes were enriched more than 300-fold and the limits of detections were greatly dropped to 0.061-0.73 μg/kg. The linearity relationship was observed in the range of 2-100 μg/kg with the correlation coefficients (R(2)) ranging from 0.9967 to 0.9983. The relative standard deviations varied from 2.3 to 5.7% (n = 6). Mean recovery values of the OPPs were in the range of 69.8-109.1% with a relative standard deviation lower than 7.0%. Based on these above, it could be concluded that 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C(8)MIM][PF(6)]) was a good extraction solvent and the proposed [C(8)MIM][PF(6)]-based vortex-assisted DLLME method was suitable for the effective extraction of the OPPs in apple and pear.

An ionic liquid-based vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was developed for the analysis of trace amounts of six organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in apple and pear coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography. During the DLLME, the effect of some experimental factors including extraction solvent and its volume, dispersion solvent and its volume, vortex time, salt addition, and pH on the extraction procedure were investigated. Under the chosen extraction conditions, the analytes were enriched more than 300-fold and the limits of detections were greatly dropped to 0.061-0.73 μg/kg. The linearity relationship was observed in the range of 2-100 μg/kg with the correlation coefficients (R(2)) ranging from 0.9967 to 0.9983. The relative standard deviations varied from 2.3 to 5.7% (n = 6). Mean recovery values of the OPPs were in the range of 69.8-109.1% with a relative standard deviation lower than 7.0%. Based on these above, it could be concluded that 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C(8)MIM][PF(6)]) was a good extraction solvent and the proposed [C(8)MIM][PF(6)]-based vortex-assisted DLLME method was suitable for the effective extraction of the OPPs in apple and pear.

To develop a simple screening table for primary osteoporosis (POP) in senior men and women.Questionnaires were designed to obtain the risk factors associated with osteoporosis and bone mineral density (BMD), which were measured in 146 community residents over 60. The multiple stepwise regression was used to find out the risk factors and establish the screening index. Then the cut-off point of sensitivity and specificity were obtained. Simple screening table for POP in senior people was established according to the screening index and the cut-off point. Validity and reliability of the simple screening table for POP in senior people were testified by 61 outpatients whose BMD was measured with dual energy X-ray (DEXA).Percentage of the height loss,body weight, age, and gender were selected with multiple stepwise regression.Percentage of height loss and body weight were selected to develop the simple screening table for POP in senior people. The cut-off point was 270, sensitivity was 88.9 %, specificity was 75.7 %, the agreement rate was 75.4%,and the Kappa value was 0.489.The simple screening table for POP in senior people based on the percentage of height loss and body weight is simple, economic, suitable for both men and women, and is useful in basic public health.