140 results on '"Bista S"'
Search Results
2. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour related to transport activity assessed with multiple body-worn accelerometers: the RECORD MultiSensor Study
- Author
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Bista, S., Debache, I., and Chaix, B.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. BB0238 from Borrelia burgdorferi
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Brangulis, K., primary, Foor, S.D., additional, Shakya, A.K., additional, Rana, V.S., additional, Bista, S., additional, Kitsou, C., additional, Ronzetti, M., additional, Linden, S.B., additional, Altieri, A.S., additional, Akopjana, I., additional, Baljinnyam, B., additional, Nelson, D.C., additional, Simeonov, A., additional, Herzberg, O., additional, Caimano, M.J., additional, and Pal, U., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. BB0238 from Borrelia burgdorferi, Se-Met data for Leu240Met mutant
- Author
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Brangulis, K., primary, Foor, S.D., additional, Shakya, A.K., additional, Rana, V.S., additional, Bista, S., additional, Kitsou, C., additional, Ronzetti, M., additional, Linden, S.B., additional, Altieri, A.S., additional, Akopjana, I., additional, Baljinnyam, B., additional, Nelson, D.C., additional, Simeonov, A., additional, Herzberg, O., additional, Caimano, M.J., additional, and Pal, U., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. 353 Restless legs syndrome is highly prevalent in adults with cystic fibrosis and independently associated with poor sleep quality and poor glycemic control
- Author
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Dickinson, J., primary, Smith, L., additional, Schissel, M., additional, and Bista, S., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Childhood and Adolescence Gender Role Nonconformity and Gender and Sexuality Diversity in Young Adulthood.
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Marino, JL, Lin, A, Davies, C, Kang, M, Bista, S, Skinner, SR, Marino, JL, Lin, A, Davies, C, Kang, M, Bista, S, and Skinner, SR
- Abstract
IMPORTANCE: Sexuality- and gender-diverse youth experience disproportionate health and social adversity. Accurate early-life indicators are important for development of supportive approaches. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether commonly used items measuring childhood conformity to gender roles are associated with sexual orientation in young adulthood. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This single-center, prospective cohort study (the Raine Study) assessed 2868 children of 2900 women who were recruited during pregnancy from August 1, 1989, to April 30, 1992, with follow-up ongoing. The Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) Child Behavior Checklist, Teacher Report Form, and Youth Self-Report tools were used to survey parents, teachers, and youths to examine gender diversity among the participating youths. Parents were followed up at years 5, 8, 10, 14, and 17, adolescents at years 14, 17, and 27, and teachers at years 10 and 14. Data were analyzed from August 1, 2020, to July 31, 2023. EXPOSURES: Parent and teacher report that a child "behaves like the opposite sex" (gender role behavior), and parent and self-report that a child "wishes to be the opposite sex" (gender role wish), in response to assessment items. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Year 27 self-reported sexual identity, attraction, and behavior. RESULTS: Of the 2868 children in the original birth cohort, 1154 (40.2%) participated in the year 27 follow-up, of whom 608 (52.7%) were recorded female at birth and 546 (47.3%) were recorded male at birth. Of these, 582 who were recorded female at birth continued to identify as female (cisgender) (95.7%), and 515 recorded male at birth continued to identify as male (cisgender) (94.3%); 47 (4.1%) did not complete the questionnaire. Of cisgender participants, 76 of 605 women (12.6%) and 52 of 540 men (9.6%) had a diverse sexual identity, 204 of 605 women (33.8%) and 77 of 540 men (14.3%) were same-gender attracted, and 100 of 605 women (18.6%) and 39 of 540 men
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- 2023
7. Social and Emotional Wellbeing Among Young People; the Mitigating Role of Ecological Domains
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Turkmani, S, Bista, S, Wang, JJJ, O’Donnell, AW, Thomson, C, Radcliffe, NJ, Skattebol, J, Redmond, G, Brooks, F, Turkmani, S, Bista, S, Wang, JJJ, O’Donnell, AW, Thomson, C, Radcliffe, NJ, Skattebol, J, Redmond, G, and Brooks, F
- Abstract
To examine the role of neighbourhood, what Bronfenbrenner describes as an element in the exosystem, as a protective asset for adolescents’ social and emotional wellbeing. The study used a subset of national data reported by adolescents and their parents from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). A linear mixed-effect model was used to estimate the association between neighbourhood indicators and trajectories in a measure of social and emotional wellbeing (the SDQ Total Difficulties score) at ages 12–13, 14–15 and 16–17, controlling for age and sex, peer and family relationships and household material resources. The analysis revealed that parents’ perceptions of belonging and their subjective assessments of the condition of housing in the neighbourhood, as well as externally sourced data on neighbourhood accessibility and socio-economic status, were significantly associated with adolescents’ total difficulties scores over time. The findings revealed the role of neighbourhood level protective assets as a potential influence on adolescents’ social and emotional wellbeing. Greater attention should be given to understanding the complex interactions between the resources mobilised by individuals and their families, and the influence of wider environments and social structures on young people’s social and emotional wellbeing.
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- 2023
8. A case study of canine trypanosomiasis in Nepal
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Regmi, S., primary, Bista, S., additional, and Dhakal, B., additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
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9. Comparative analysis of hydrochemical variables of two Ramsar-listed lakes in Pokhara Valley, Nepal
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Pant, R. R., primary, Bishwakarma, K., additional, Pal, K. B., additional, Thapa, L. B., additional, Shrestha, R. G., additional, Karuppannan, S., additional, Garu, L., additional, Bista, S., additional, and Singh, V. B., additional
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
10. Health, social and economic implications of adolescent risk behaviours/states: protocol for Raine Study Gen2 cohort data linkage study
- Author
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Marino, JL, Tait, RJ, Straker, LM, Schofield, DJ, Doherty, DA, Ivers, RQ, Graham, PL, Steinbeck, K, Lymer, S, Sanci, LA, Patton, GC, Liu, B, Brooks, FM, Kang, MS, Hickey, M, Cunich, M, Bista, S, Skinner, SR, Marino, JL, Tait, RJ, Straker, LM, Schofield, DJ, Doherty, DA, Ivers, RQ, Graham, PL, Steinbeck, K, Lymer, S, Sanci, LA, Patton, GC, Liu, B, Brooks, FM, Kang, MS, Hickey, M, Cunich, M, Bista, S, and Skinner, SR
- Abstract
Background: Risk-taking behaviours are a major contributor to youth morbidity and mortality. Vulnerability to these negative outcomes is constructed from individual behaviour including risktaking, and from social context, ecological determinants, early life experience, developmental capacity and mental health, contributing to a state of higher risk. However, although risktaking is part of normal adolescent development, there is no systematic way to distinguish young people with a high probability of serious adverse outcomes, hindering the capacity to screen and intervene. This study aims to explore the association between risk behaviours/states in adolescence and negative health, social and economic outcomes through young adulthood. Methods: The Raine Study is a prospective cohort study which recruited pregnant women in 1989–91, in Perth, Western Australia. The offspring cohort (N = 2,868) was followed up at regular intervals from 1 to 27 years of age. These data will be linked to State government health and welfare administrative data.We will empirically examine relationships across multiple domains of risk (for example, substance use, sexual behaviour, driving) with health and social outcomes (for instance, roadcrash injury, educational underachievement). Microsimulation models will measure the impact of risk-taking on educational attainment and labour force outcomes. Discussion: Comprehensive preventive child health programmes and policy prioritise a healthy start to life. This is the first linkage study focusing on adolescence to adopt a multidomain approach, and to integrate health economic modelling. This approach captures a more complete picture of health and social impacts of risk behaviour/ states in adolescence and young adulthood.
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- 2022
11. Hospitalisation following therapeutic community drug and alcohol treatment for young people with and without a history of criminal conviction.
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Whitten, T, Cale, J, Nathan, S, Bista, S, Ferry, M, Williams, M, Rawstorne, P, Hayen, A, Whitten, T, Cale, J, Nathan, S, Bista, S, Ferry, M, Williams, M, Rawstorne, P, and Hayen, A
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION: This study examines the association between treatment in a therapeutic community for adolescents with drug and alcohol problems on hospitalisation outcomes up to 15 years later for all clients, and separately for those with and without a history of criminal conviction. METHOD: A quasi-experimental design was used to examine the linked administrative health and criminal justice records for all adolescents admitted to the Program for Adolescent Life Management (PALM) from January 2001 to December 2016 (n = 3059) in Sydney, Australia. ICD-10AM codes were used to designate hospitalisation outcomes as either physical injury, mental health problems, substance use disorders, or organic illness. The treatment and comparison groups were matched on factors associated with program retention, resulting in a final sample of 1266 clients. We examined the rate of hospitalisation up to 15 years posttreatment for all clients and stratified by prior conviction status using Cox regression analyses. RESULTS: The treatment group had significantly lower rates of hospitalisation for a physical injury (HR = 0.77 [95% CI = 0.61-0.98]), mental health problem (HR = 0.62 [95% CI = 0.47-0.81]), substance use disorder (HR = 0.59 [95% CI = 0.47-0.75]), and organic illness (HR = 0.71 [95% CI = 0.55-0.92]). There was a significant interaction between treatment and prior criminal conviction status on rate of hospitalisation for physical injury, suggesting that the effect of treatment on physical injury was significantly greater for clients with a prior criminal conviction. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents who engage in a therapeutic community treatment program may have a long-lasting reduction in the risk of subsequent hospitalisation. This also appears to apply to those with a history of criminal conviction.
- Published
- 2022
12. INDIVIDUAL BANANA TREE CROWN DELINEATION USING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE (UAV) IMAGES
- Author
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Kuikel, S., primary, Upadhyay, B., additional, Aryal, D., additional, Bista, S., additional, Awasthi, B., additional, and Shrestha, S., additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Detection of SLA Violation for Big Data Analytics Applications in Cloud
- Author
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Zeng, X, Garg, S, Barika, M, Bista, S, Puthal, D, Zomaya, AY, Ranjan, R, Zeng, X, Garg, S, Barika, M, Bista, S, Puthal, D, Zomaya, AY, and Ranjan, R
- Abstract
SLA violations do happen in real world. An SLA violation represents the failure of guaranteeing a service, which leads to unwanted consequences such as penalty payments, profit margin reduction, reputation degradation, customer churn and service interruptions. Hence, in the context of cloud-hosted big data analytics applications (BDAAs), it is paramount for providers to predict and prevent SLA violations. While machine learning-based techniques have been applied to detect SLA violations for web service or general cloud service, the study on detecting SLA violations dedicated for cloud-hosted BDAAs is still lacking. In this article, we propose four machine learning techniques and integrate 12 resampling methods to detect SLA violations for batch-based BDAAs in the cloud. We evaluate the efficiency of the proposed techniques in comparison with ideal and baseline classifiers based on a real-world trace dataset (Alibaba). Our work not only helps providers to choose the best performing prediction technique, but also provides them capabilities to uncover the hidden pattern of multiple configurations of BDAAs across layers.
- Published
- 2021
14. Mortality among young people seeking residential treatment for problematic drug and alcohol use: A data linkage study.
- Author
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Bista, S, Nathan, S, Rawstorne, P, Palmer, K, Ferry, M, Williams, M, Hayen, A, Bista, S, Nathan, S, Rawstorne, P, Palmer, K, Ferry, M, Williams, M, and Hayen, A
- Abstract
Background Young people with problematic alcohol and other drug (AOD) use are often referred to residential treatment. Subsequent mortality rates among this high-risk group is not known. This study estimates mortality rates and determines causes of death amongst young people referred to residential treatment in Sydney, Australia. Design Retrospective data linkage study. Data of young people (13–18 years) referred to a residential treatment service 2001–2015 (n = 3256) linked with Australian death registration data, and followed up to 16 years (2001–2016). Methods Mortality rates (CMRs) and standardised mortality ratios (SMRs, age-, gender-, calendar-year-adjusted) calculated using population mortality rates. Causes of death were analysed using ICD-10 codes for AOD-induced, AOD as contributory and non-AOD related causes. Results During follow-up of the cohort (28,838 person-years), 63 people died (71.4 % males; 48 % Indigenous; median age at death = 21.9 years; median follow-up = 5.1years), with 76 % dying before aged 25 years. Overall mortality (SMR = 4.91, 95 % CI: 3.8−6.2; CMR = 2.18/1000 person-years, 95 % CI: 1.7−2.8) was significantly higher than age-gender-matched general population, particularly in females (SMR = 9.55; males: SMR = 4.11; RR: 2.3, 95 % CI: 1.3–4.1). SMRs were not significantly different between treatment groups (SMRs>5.5) and non-attend group (SMR = 3.7) (p = 0.359). Two-thirds of deaths involved AOD, with AOD-induced deaths comprising 42 % and AOD as contributory for 22 % deaths. Overdose, mainly opioids (including opiates), suicide, and transport accidents were major causes of deaths. Conclusion Very high mortality rates, particularly among females, and the high incidence of overdose and suicide emphasise early screening for those at high-risk, targeted and culturally appropriate interventions, and maximised continuing after-care accessible to young people.
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- 2021
15. Management of ecto-parasitic mite, Tropilaelaps mercedesae Anderson and Morgan in honeybee, Apis mellifera Lin. colonies in the mid-hill areas of Nepal
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Bista, S., primary, Thapa, R. B., additional, KC, G. B., additional, Pradhan, S. B., additional, Ghimire, Y. N., additional, and Aryal, S., additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Organophosphorous poisoning complicated with intermediate syndrome- A case report
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Asraf, Hussain, primary, Ansari, P., primary, Adhikari, K., primary, Bista, S., primary, and Khirhari, J., primary
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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17. Comprehensive environmental impacts and optimization of onshore shale gas development and delivery
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Bista, S., Jennings, P., Anda, M., Bista, S., Jennings, P., and Anda, M.
- Abstract
The environmental impact of shale gas hydraulic fracturing is not completely understood. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to estimate the lifecycle environmental impact of shale gas production per mega joule (MJ) of energy extracted and delivered. The analysis is based on using CML 2001‐Apr 2015 methods in GaBi software on a case study of a shale gas well. The global warming potential (GWP100) ranges from 54 to 99 g CO2e /MJ with a central estimate of 72 g CO2e /MJ. The GWP 100, including land use change, is 230 g CO2e /MJ. The best‐case scenario, with no venting of the gas, has the minimum GWP 100 impact. Shale gas has a high marine ecotoxicity potential, among other environmental impacts. Bentonite contributes the most to the abiotic depletion potential elements impact. The frac water contributes the most to the freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity potential (FAETP) impact. Mercury (Hg) and radioactive elements (e.g., radon) are the major pollutants contributing to the terrestrial ecotoxicity potential impacts. The findings of this study can be used for optimization of the processes used by mining and exploration companies.
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- 2019
18. Relationship between substance use disorders with encounters and the criminal justice system among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders
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Bista, S., primary, Hutzell, E., additional, Smith, D., additional, and Bhatta, M.P., additional
- Published
- 2019
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19. Overview of Seasonal Prevalence of Liver Fluke & Rumen Fluke Infestation in Cattle and Buffalo of Western Chitwan, Nepal
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Bista, S., primary, Lamichhane, U., primary, Singh, D. K., primary, and Regmi, S., primary
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- 2018
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20. Comparing Objective and Subjective Measures of Sleep Loss with Balance Performance in Farmers.
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Sedlacek, D., Beacom, M., Bista, S., Rautiainen, R., and Siu, K.-C.
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EPWORTH Sleepiness Scale ,AGRICULTURAL laborers - Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the ability of both subjective and objective sleep measures to predict balance difficulty in agricultural workers. Seven male farmers from rural Nebraska were analyzed for static balance performance following a bout of sleep. Actiwatches were used to measure objective sleep hours and subjective questionnaires, including the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, were used to measure subjective hours of sleep and sleep quality. The participants were observed for 12 sessions, with six in planting season and six in harvest season. Static balance testing consisted of measuring the area, total displacement, and maximum range in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions of the individual's center of pressure with Tekscan pressure mats. Overall, it was found that objective measures had a higher correlation with the magnitude of balance deviations than subjective measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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21. Mental health training for community maternity workers in Nepal
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van Teijlingen, Edwin, Simkhada, Padam, Devkota, B., Maharjan, S.K., Sherchan, L., Silwal, R.C., Acharya, K., Bishnu, G.C., Maharjan, R.K., Simkhada, B., Ireland, Jillian, Stephens, J., Fanning, C., Sharma, G., Pradhan, S., Mackay, S., Fawcett, I., Lawrie, A., Havelock, D., Murphy, L., Bista, S., Reeves, C., and Douglas, D
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education - Abstract
Background: Mental health is a difficult topic to discuss in Nepal. This makes it hard for front-line maternity-care providers to start a discussion about mental health issues with women. As Nepal has not yet recognised midwifery as a profession, this UK-funded programme (THET) aims to train community health workers i.e. Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs) on mental health issues related to pregnancy. Purpose/Objective: This needs assessment, of all ANMs working in one district, assesses knowledge of perinatal mental health issues and future training needs. Method: This quantitative study used a structure questionnaire in Nepali at the start of the training of ANMs. The questions covered knowledge, views on mental health and illness and previous training on the topic. Ethical approval was granted by the Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC). Key Findings: In total 74 questionnaires were returned (out of 76). With 97% of ANMSs reporting they never had specific training issues around perinatal mental health. Their knowledge on perinatal mental health is poor, half of them are not aware that pregnancy and childbirth can cause mental illness. People do not talk openly about mental health problem in their local community. Most ANM thought specialised training on perinatal mental health would be useful. Discussion: Mental health in pregnancy/childbirth is often ignored especially in low-income countries like Nepal. In a country without recognised midwives there is a great need to improve attitudes and skills among community-based maternity workers who lacking training on maternity-related mental health issues. There is a great need for a national curriculum to facilitate relevant training.
- Published
- 2017
22. Need and scope of global partnership on public health research
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Simkhada, P, Poudel, AN, Simkhada, B, Sumnall, H, Jones, L, Bista, S, McVeigh, J, Gaidhane, A, Zahiruddin, QS, Chowdhury, ME, Bhuiyan, MBAS, Iliyasu, Z, Pant, PR, Kurmi, O, Hill, R, van Teijlingen, E, Regmi, PR, Simkhada, P, Poudel, AN, Simkhada, B, Sumnall, H, Jones, L, Bista, S, McVeigh, J, Gaidhane, A, Zahiruddin, QS, Chowdhury, ME, Bhuiyan, MBAS, Iliyasu, Z, Pant, PR, Kurmi, O, Hill, R, van Teijlingen, E, and Regmi, PR
- Published
- 2016
23. Khumal 8: a high-yielding variety with good cooking quality for the mid-hill areas of Nepal
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Upreti, HK, primary, Bista, S, additional, Sah, SN, additional, Prasad, RC, additional, and Dhakal, R, additional
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- 2009
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- View/download PDF
24. MDMap: A system for data-driven layout and exploration of molecular dynamics simulations.
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Patro, R., Cheuk Yiu Ip, Bista, S., Cho, S.S., Thirumalai, D., and Varshney, A.
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- 2011
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25. Real-Time Massive Data Simulation Visualization.
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Bista, S. and Pack, M.L.
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- 2008
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26. Asymptomatic throat carriage rate and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Streptococcus pyogenes in Nepalese school children
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Neelam Adhikari, Shyam Prakash Dumre, Menuka Karki, Bista S, Sapkota K, Basanyat, Sunil Kumar Joshi, and Dhiraj Acharya
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Erythromycin ,General Medicine ,Drug resistance ,medicine.disease_cause ,Azithromycin ,Pharyngitis ,Microbiology ,Ciprofloxacin ,Antibiotic resistance ,Internal medicine ,Ampicillin ,Streptococcus pyogenes ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background: Streptococcus pyogenes or Group A streptococcus (GAS) causes several suppurative and non suppurative infections. In addition to pharyngitis and skin infections, GAS are also the causative agent of post-streptococcal infection syndromes such as acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and post-streptococcal glumerulonephritis (PSG). GAS frequently colonises in the throat of an asymptomatic person. Pharyngeal carriage rates of GAS among healthy school children vary with geographical location and seasons. Objectives: We carried out this preliminary study to determine the throat carriage rate and antimicrobial resistance trend of Streptococcus pyogenes or Group A streptococcus (GAS) among the Nepalese school children. Materials and methods: Four schools situated at different locations of Kathmandu valley were included in the study. Throat swabs from 350 students of age group 5-15 years were collected, immediately transported to the laboratory and were processed for S. pyogenes following standard microbiological procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method following CLSI guidelines. Results: S. pyogenes was isolated from 10.9% (38/350) of the screened children. The GAS colonisation rate was statistically insignificant (P>0.05) with sex and age sub-groups, although the rate was slightly higher among girls and age sub-group 9-12 years. No significant difference in carrier rate was observed among different schools (P>0.05). All isolates were susceptible to azithromycin. No resistance was detected for penicillin and its derivative antibiotic ampicillin. Highest resistance rate was observed for cotrimoxazole (71.0%) followed by chloramphenicol (7.8%), ciprofl oxacin (5.2%) and erythromycin (5.2%). Conclusion: Antibiotic resistant GAS isolated from asymptomatic Nepalese school children is a public health concern. When screened and appropriately treated with antibiotics, carriers can be prevented from spreading of streptococcal infections in the school environment and the community. Preventing cross infections would ultimately reduce the incidence of life-threatening sequelae which are debilitating and difficult to treat. It is recommended to conduct regular screening and GAS surveillance in schools, and maintain rational use of antibiotics to minimise GAS carriage/infections and resistance. Key words : Streptococcus pyogenes ; Antibiotics Resistance ; Throat carriage; Children; Nepal. DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v7i4.2760 Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2009) Vol.7, No.4 Issue 28, 392-396
- Published
- 1970
27. Carbon footprint management of unconventional natural gas development in the export scenario
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Bista Sangita, Jennings Philip, and Anda Martin
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Energy conservation ,TJ163.26-163.5 ,Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 - Abstract
In Australia, exploitation of shale gas is at an early stage. Western Australia has estimated its technically recoverable gas resources at 235 trillion cubic feet (tcf). It is viewed as an exciting economic prospect and decarbonising option for transition to climate change mitigation. The central focus of this paper is to estimate the climate impacts of Australian shale gas fracking and compare with other energy sources. Electricity generation has been considered as end use of gas in export scenarios to Japan and China. Analysis has been done for resource development periods of 20 and 40 years. Carbon footprints of shale gas range from 604MtCO2e to 543 MtCO2e per annum for China and Japan export cases, respectively, for 20 years field lifetime, if 66 tcf of shale gas is exploited and used. This result is roughly equivalent to 115% of Australia's total national emissions for the year 2014. If all technically recoverable shale gas (235tcf) from the Canning Basin in the Kimberley is exploited and exported to China and Japan over 40 years, the annual emissions are double the total Australian national emissions. The result suggests that shale gas has low carbon intensity compared to coal and oil but solar PV and wind are much cleaner energy options for GHG mitigation. The solar PV and wind electricity would produce 8% and 5% of the shale gas electricity emissions, respectively. Unless accompanied by stringent regulation and compliance on the upstream resource development, stage shale gas cannot be an appropriate energy source for sustainable development as opposed to renewable energy sources.
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- 2019
- Full Text
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28. The human touch of government services
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Bista, S. K., Nepal, S., and Cecile Paris
29. Best practice guide for the treatment of nightmare disorder in adults
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Aurora, R. N., Zak, R. S., Auerbach, S. H., Casey, K. R., Chowdhuri, S., Karippot, A., Maganti, R. K., Ramar, K., Kristo, D. A., Bista, S. R., Lamm, C. I., Morgenthaler, T. I., and Sharon Tracy
30. Need and scope of global partnership on public health research
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Simkhada, P., Poudel, A. N., Simkhada, B., Sumnall, H., Jones, L., Bista, S., Mcveigh, J., Gaidhane, A., Zahiruddin, Q. S., Chowdhury, M. E., Bhuiyan, M. B. A. S., Zubairu Iliyasu, Pant, R. R., Kurmi, O., Hill, R., Teijlingen, E., and Regmi, P. R.
- Abstract
Establishing an effective global health research collaboration requires significant organisation and planning. This editorial introduces the launch of our new research collaboration. It highlights the processes and some of the key issues taken into consideration when setting up such a collaboration. In July 2016, a group of 16 researchers from India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Nigeria and the United Kingdom (UK) met at Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU) to initiate the 'Global Consortium on Public Health Research'. The meeting was funded by LJMU's Public Health Institute.
31. Practice parameters for the surgical modifications of the upper airway for obstructive sleep apnea in adults
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Aurora, R. N., Casey, K. R., Kristo, D., Auerbach, S., Bista, S. R., Chowdhuri, S., Karippot, A., Lamm, C., Ramar, K., Zak, R., Timothy Morgenthaler, and Tracy, S. L.
32. Asymptomatic throat carriage rate and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Streptococcus pyogenes in Nepalese school children
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Shyam Prakash Dumre, Sapkota K, Adhikari N, Acharya D, Karki M, Bista S, Sr, Basanyat, and Sk, Joshi
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Male ,Adolescent ,Streptococcus pyogenes ,Pharyngitis ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Risk Assessment ,Severity of Illness Index ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Cohort Studies ,Age Distribution ,Nepal ,Child, Preschool ,Streptococcal Infections ,Carrier State ,Drug Resistance, Bacterial ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Pharynx ,Female ,Sex Distribution ,Child ,Developing Countries - Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes or Group A streptococcus (GAS) causes several suppurative and non suppurative infections. In addition to pharyngitis and skin infections, GAS are also the causative agent of post-streptococcal infection syndromes such as acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and post-streptococcal glumerulonephritis (PSG). GAS frequently colonises in the throat of an asymptomatic person. Pharyngeal carriage rates of GAS among healthy school children vary with geographical location and seasons.We carried out this preliminary study to determine the throat carriage rate and antimicrobial resistance trend of Streptococcus pyogenes or Group A streptococcus (GAS) among the Nepalese school children.Four schools situated at different locations of Kathmandu valley were included in the study. Throat swabs from 350 students of age group 5-15 years were collected, immediately transported to the laboratory and were processed for S. pyogenes following standard microbiological procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method following CLSI guidelines.S. pyogenes was isolated from 10.9% (38/350) of the screened children. The GAS colonisation rate was statistically insignificant (P0.05) with sex and age sub-groups, although the rate was slightly higher among girls and age sub-group 9-12 years. No significant difference in carrier rate was observed among different schools (P0.05). All isolates were susceptible to azithromycin. No resistance was detected for penicillin and its derivative antibiotic ampicillin. Highest resistance rate was observed for cotrimoxazole (71.0%) followed by chloramphenicol (7.8%), ciprofloxacin (5.2%) and erythromycin (5.2%).Antibiotic resistant GAS isolated from asymptomatic Nepalese school children is a public health concern. When screened and appropriately treated with antibiotics, carriers can be prevented from spreading of streptococcal infections in the school environment and the community. Preventing cross infections would ultimately reduce the incidence of life-threatening sequelae which are debilitating and difficult to treat. It is recommended to conduct regular screening and GAS surveillance in schools, and maintain rational use of antibiotics to minimise GAS carriage/infections and resistance.
33. An association based approach to propagate social trust in social networks
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Nepal, S., Bista, S. K., and Cecile Paris
34. SRec: A social behaviour based recommender for online communities
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Nepal, S., Cecile Paris, and Bista, S.
35. Know your members’ trust
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Bista, S. K., Nepal, S., and Cecile Paris
36. Medication counseling center in a teaching hospital
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Mishra, P., Subish, P., Dinesh Upadhyay, Bista, S., Alam, K., and Bhandari, R. B.
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lcsh:R5-920 ,lcsh:Medicine (General) - Abstract
Patient compliance is often not achieved during drug therapy. Many reasons including lack of patients’ understanding regarding medication and disease, poor socioeconomic pattern, unavailability of drugs are attributed to this situation. Providing counseling to patients can improve their understanding regarding medication, disease and life style modifications which in turn improves compliance. Medication counseling centers are one of the means to counsel the patients. The study was conducted to analyze the performance of such a center at Manipal Teaching Hospital, a teaching hospital in Western Nepal. Patients were counseled as per the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act-1990 guidelines and data were collected from the documentation form of the center and analyzed. Results indicated that 84.5% of the patients were directed to the medication counseling center by the pharmacists. Nearly one quarter of the population was either asthmatic or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Bronchodilators were found to be the major therapeutic category of drugs and were found in 26.7% of the patients. Among the various counseling aids, placebo inhalers were used in 45.1% of the patients. The counseling pharmacists dedicated an average time period of 6-10 minutes in about 42.1% of the patients. Language was found to be the major barrier while counseling 16.5% of the patients. The study concluded that the medication counseling center can play a definite role in enhancing patients’ understanding about medications and disease pattern, which in turn may improve patient compliance. Key Words: Compliance aids, Counseling aids, Counseling barriers, Medication counseling center, Patient compliance.
37. Mental health training for community maternity workers in Nepal
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van Teijlingen, Edwin, Simkhada, Padam, Devkota, B., Maharjan, S.K., Sherchan, L., Silwal, R.C., Acharya, K., Bishnu, G.C., Maharjan, R.K., Simkhada, B., Ireland, Jillian, Stephens, J., Fanning, C., Sharma, G., Pradhan, S., Mackay, S., Fawcett, I., Lawrie, A., Havelock, D., Murphy, L., Bista, S., Reeves, C., Douglas, D, van Teijlingen, Edwin, Simkhada, Padam, Devkota, B., Maharjan, S.K., Sherchan, L., Silwal, R.C., Acharya, K., Bishnu, G.C., Maharjan, R.K., Simkhada, B., Ireland, Jillian, Stephens, J., Fanning, C., Sharma, G., Pradhan, S., Mackay, S., Fawcett, I., Lawrie, A., Havelock, D., Murphy, L., Bista, S., Reeves, C., and Douglas, D
- Abstract
Background: Mental health is a difficult topic to discuss in Nepal. This makes it hard for front-line maternity-care providers to start a discussion about mental health issues with women. As Nepal has not yet recognised midwifery as a profession, this UK-funded programme (THET) aims to train community health workers i.e. Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs) on mental health issues related to pregnancy. Purpose/Objective: This needs assessment, of all ANMs working in one district, assesses knowledge of perinatal mental health issues and future training needs. Method: This quantitative study used a structure questionnaire in Nepali at the start of the training of ANMs. The questions covered knowledge, views on mental health and illness and previous training on the topic. Ethical approval was granted by the Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC). Key Findings: In total 74 questionnaires were returned (out of 76). With 97% of ANMSs reporting they never had specific training issues around perinatal mental health. Their knowledge on perinatal mental health is poor, half of them are not aware that pregnancy and childbirth can cause mental illness. People do not talk openly about mental health problem in their local community. Most ANM thought specialised training on perinatal mental health would be useful. Discussion: Mental health in pregnancy/childbirth is often ignored especially in low-income countries like Nepal. In a country without recognised midwives there is a great need to improve attitudes and skills among community-based maternity workers who lacking training on maternity-related mental health issues. There is a great need for a national curriculum to facilitate relevant training.
38. Need and scope of global partnership on public health research
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Simkhada, P., Poudel, A.N., Simkhada, B., Sumnall, H., Jones, L., Bista, S., McVeigh, J., Gaidhane, A., Zahiruddin, Q.S., Chowdhury, M.E., Bhuiyan, M.B.A.S., Iliyasu, Z., Pant, P.R., Kurmi, O., Hill, R., van Teijlingen, Edwin, Regmi, Pramod, Simkhada, P., Poudel, A.N., Simkhada, B., Sumnall, H., Jones, L., Bista, S., McVeigh, J., Gaidhane, A., Zahiruddin, Q.S., Chowdhury, M.E., Bhuiyan, M.B.A.S., Iliyasu, Z., Pant, P.R., Kurmi, O., Hill, R., van Teijlingen, Edwin, and Regmi, Pramod
- Abstract
Establishing an effective global health research collaboration requires significant organisation and planning. This editorial introduces the launch of our new research collaboration. It highlights the processes and some of the key issues taken into consideration when setting up such a collaboration. In July 2016, a group of 16 researchers from India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Nigeria and the United Kingdom (UK) met at Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU) to initiate the 'Global Consortium on Public Health Research'. The meeting was funded by LJMU's Public Health Institute.
39. Transitioning to sustainable use of biofuel in Australia★
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Sasongko Nugroho Adi, Thorns Charlotte, Sankoff Irina, Chew Shu Teng, and Bista Sangita
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Energy conservation ,TJ163.26-163.5 ,Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 - Abstract
Biofuel is identified as one of the key renewable energy sources for sustainable development, and can potentially replace fossil-based fuels. Anticipating the competition between food and energy security, the Australian Government is intensively exploring other biofuel resources. There have been numerous research projects in Australia using the second and third generation model based on different feedstocks including lignocellulosic and microalgae. Such projects have been successfully demonstrated but are yet to be commercially viable. Moreover, transition pathways to realize the potential benefits of these value chains are not well understood. This preliminary study tried to provide an alternative framework and proposes future long-term transport biofuel pathways in Australia which can be seen as a solution for a post-carbon society. The study is targeted to outline the milestone of the Australian biofuel industry and its roadmap into the future. An investigation has been carried out on biofuel status and barrier, technology development, market and the chronology of biofuel related policies in Australia to understand the current situation and possibilities to develop further strategies, while also providing an insight into the consequences of producing biofuel for transportation. Several methods have been proposed to introduce the transition into a post-carbon society. Seven scenarios were divided, covering the roadmap of first, second and third generation of biofuel, alternative transportation modes such as electric vehicles (EVs) and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) and the elimination of the fossil fuel running vehicles within a time frame of 20 years. The utilization of biofuel can be seen as a short to medium mode for transition into a green transportation society. Our investigation also showed that microalgae gave a better ecological footprint which offers the strongest potential for future Australian biofuel industry and aviation. Meanwhile, EVs and FCVs also share the portion for long-term transportation modes scenario.
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- 2017
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40. Cradle to grave GHG emissions analysis of shale gas hydraulic fracking in Western Australia
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Bista Sangita, Jennings Philip, and Anda Martin
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Energy conservation ,TJ163.26-163.5 ,Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 - Abstract
Western Australia has globally significant onshore gas resources, with over 280 trillion cubic feet of economically recoverable gas located in five shale basins. The Western Australian Government and gas industry have promoted the development of these resources as a “clean energy source” that would “help to reduce global carbon emissions” and provide a “transition fuel” to a low carbon economy. This research examines those claims by reviewing existing literature and published data to estimate the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) pollution that would result from the development of Western Australia’s onshore gas basins using hydraulic fracking. Estimates of carbon pollution from each stage in gas development, processing, transport and end-use are considered in order to establish total life-cycle emissions in tonnes of carbon-dioxide equivalent (CO2e). The emissions estimates draw from published research on emissions from shale gas development in other jurisdictions as well as industry or government reported emissions from current technology for gas processing and end-use as applicable. The current policy and regulatory environment for carbon pollution and likely resulting GHG mitigation measures has also been considered, as well as the potential for the gas to displace or substitute for other energy sources. In areas where there is uncertainty, conservative emissions estimates have been used. Modelling of GHG emissions has been undertaken for two comparison resource development and utilisation scenarios; Australian domestic and 100% export i.e. no domestic use. Each scenario corresponds to a different proportionate allocation of emissions accounted for domestic emissions in Australia and emissions accounted for in other jurisdictions. Emissions estimates for the two scenarios are 245–502 MTCO2e/year respectively over a resource development timeframe of 20 years. This is roughly the same as Australia’s total GHG emissions in 2014 which were 525 MTCO2e/year. This research concludes that GHG emissions resulting from the development of Western Australia’s five onshore gas basins would be equivalent to all other Australian emissions sources combined at 2014 levels each year for 20 years which is the general lifetime of a well.
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- 2017
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41. Asymptomatic throat carriage rate and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Streptococcus pyogenes in Nepalese school children
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Dumre, SP, primary, Sapkota, K, primary, Adhikari, M, primary, Acharya, D, primary, Karki, M, primary, Bista, S, primary, Basnyat, SR, primary, and Joshi, SK, primary
- Published
- 1970
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42. Xylazine awareness and attitudes among people who use drugs in Ohio, 2023-2024.
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Michaels NL, Bista S, Short Mejia A, Hays H, and Smith GA
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- Humans, Ohio, Male, Female, Cross-Sectional Studies, Adult, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Illicit Drugs, Adolescent, Substance-Related Disorders epidemiology, Substance-Related Disorders psychology, Drug Users psychology, Drug Users statistics & numerical data, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Xylazine
- Abstract
Background: The prevalence of xylazine, a non-opioid tranquilizer not for human consumption, in illicitly manufactured fentanyl is increasing in the United States. However, little is known about xylazine awareness and attitudes among people who use drugs., Methods: A cross-sectional survey of people who use drugs in Ohio was conducted from November 2023 - May 2024 to identify xylazine awareness and attitudes in rural and urban counties across the state. Study participants were recruited from naloxone distribution sites, including health departments, syringe service programs, and community-based organizations., Results: Among 630 people who use drugs in Ohio, more than one-half (53.5%) were unaware of xylazine being in "street drugs," regardless of urbanicity. Among individuals who were aware of xylazine, most (73.0%) indicated they did not want to use the drug and try to avoid it. In addition, 75.8% of this group felt it was "very" or "extremely" important to know if xylazine was in their drugs., Discussion: This research found that many people who use drugs in Ohio are unaware of xylazine and its risks. An important finding of this study is that most individuals who had heard of xylazine did not want to use it and were concerned about knowing whether xylazine was in their drugs., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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43. Adolescent risk behaviours are associated with educational attainment in early adulthood: results from the Raine Study cohort.
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Graham PL, Schofield DJ, Tait RJ, Bista S, Ivers RQ, Liu B, Lymer S, Marino JL, Sanci LA, Shrestha RN, Steinbeck K, Straker LM, and Skinner SR
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- Humans, Adolescent, Male, Female, Young Adult, Longitudinal Studies, Western Australia epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk-Taking, Educational Status, Adolescent Behavior psychology
- Abstract
Background: Higher educational attainment is important for economic wellbeing and associated with better health and longevity. Previous research focused on intelligence, socioeconomic status and mental health or individual risk behaviours as predictors of educational attainment, but the role of multiple domains of adolescent risk behaviours is less clear. This study examined the association between multiple domains of risk behaviour in adolescence and educational attainment by 22 years-of-age., Methods: Young people (Generation 2, Gen2) and their parents (Generation 1, Gen1) participating in the Raine Study completed questionnaires at years 1, 5, 8, 10 (Gen1 only), 14, 17 (both) and 22 (Gen2 only). The Raine Study is an ongoing longitudinal study initiated in Perth, Western Australia, between 1989 and 1991. The 1,102 Gen2 participants who responded to questions about highest educational attainment were included in this study. The association between Gen2 self-reported risk behaviours (including age at commencement of drinking alcohol, smoking, sexual intercourse and drug use) and educational attainment (defined as self-reported years of completed high school: ≤10, 11, 12 or tertiary education (> 12)) at year 22, after adjusting for mother's age and combined parental education level, participant sex, and family income, educational performance and adolescent mental health, was explored using ordinal regression models and presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI)., Results: Ordinal models suggested that never smoking or starting older than 18 compared with smoking before age 15 (OR 2.02, 95%CI: 1.28-2.14); first drinking alcohol between 15 and 17 years compared with younger than 15 (OR 1.52, 95%CI: 1.08-2.14); and, first sexual intercourse aged ≥ 18 years compared with under 15 (OR 1.67, 95%CI: 1.08-2.57) were associated with higher levels of educational attainment at 22-year follow-up. Additionally, lower ("better") behavioural scores increased the odds of higher levels of attainment., Conclusions: Absence of health risk behaviours at a younger age or later commencement was associated with higher educational attainment. Evidence-based interventions that address the societal influences underpinning risk behaviours in adolescents may support longer school retention., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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44. Distinct Longitudinal Changes in EEG Measures Reflecting Functional Network Disruption in ALS Cognitive Phenotypes.
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Metzger M, Dukic S, McMackin R, Giglia E, Mitchell M, Bista S, Costello E, Peelo C, Tadjine Y, Sirenko V, McManus L, Buxo T, Fasano A, Chipika R, Pinto-Grau M, Schuster C, Heverin M, Coffey A, Broderick M, Iyer PM, Mohr K, Gavin B, Pender N, Bede P, Muthuraman M, Hardiman O, and Nasseroleslami B
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Longitudinal Studies, Aged, Phenotype, Brain physiopathology, Cognition physiology, Disease Progression, Cognitive Dysfunction physiopathology, Adult, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis physiopathology, Electroencephalography methods
- Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterised primarily by motor system degeneration, with clinical evidence of cognitive and behavioural change in up to 50% of cases. We have shown previously that resting-state EEG captures dysfunction in motor and cognitive networks in ALS. However, the longitudinal development of these dysfunctional patterns, especially in networks linked with cognitive-behavioural functions, remains unclear. Longitudinal studies on non-motor changes in ALS are essential to further develop our understanding of disease progression, improve care and enhance the evaluation of new treatments. To address this gap, we examined 124 ALS individuals with 128-channel resting-state EEG recordings, categorised by cognitive impairment (ALSci, n = 25), behavioural impairment (ALSbi, n = 58), or non-impaired (ALSncbi, n = 53), with 12 participants meeting the criteria for both ALSci and ALSbi. Using linear mixed-effects models, we characterised the general and phenotype-specific longitudinal changes in brain network, and their association with cognitive performance, behaviour changes, fine motor symptoms, and survival. Our findings revealed a significant decline in [Formula: see text]-band spectral power over time in the temporal region along with increased [Formula: see text]-band power in the fronto-temporal region in the ALS group. ALSncbi participants showed widespread β-band synchrony decrease, while ALSci participants exhibited increased co-modulation correlated with verbal fluency decline. Longitudinal network-level changes were specific of ALS subgroups and correlated with motor, cognitive, and behavioural decline, as well as with survival. Spectral EEG measures can longitudinally track abnormal network patterns, serving as a candidate stratification tool for clinical trials and personalised treatments in ALS., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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45. Examining the combined effect of antenatal care visits and iron-folic acid supplementation on low birth weight: a pooled analysis of two national data sets from Nepal.
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Khanal V, Bista S, and Lee AH
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- Humans, Nepal epidemiology, Female, Pregnancy, Adult, Infant, Newborn, Young Adult, Prevalence, Adolescent, Health Surveys, Infant, Low Birth Weight, Prenatal Care statistics & numerical data, Folic Acid administration & dosage, Folic Acid therapeutic use, Dietary Supplements statistics & numerical data, Iron administration & dosage, Iron therapeutic use
- Abstract
Background: The prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) has stagnated at approximately 12% for the past 15 years in Nepal, significantly impacting newborn survival. While antenatal care (ANC) visits and iron-folic acid supplementation are recognised as important interventions to reduce LBW, there is a lack of evidence regarding their combined effect. This study aimed to explore the potential synergistic impact of ANC and iron-folic acid supplementation on LBW in Nepal by analyzing data from two national surveys., Methods: The nationally representative Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys of 2016 and 2022 were used, and the pooled dataset was analysed. Birth weight and the prevalence of LBW (i.e. birthweight < 2500 g) were reported using descriptive statistics. The associations among LBW, ANC visits, and iron-folic acid supplementation were examined using logistic regression analyses., Results: The mean birth weight was 3011 g, with an LBW prevalence of 11.2%. Not attending ANC (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 1.49; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.14, 1.95) and not consuming iron-folic acid supplements (AOR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.84) were independently associated with a higher likelihood of having LBW. Furthermore, when considering both factors together, mothers who attended less than four ANC visits and consumed iron-folic acid for ≤ 90 days had the higher likelihood of having LBW (AOR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.35, 2.60) compared to those who did not., Conclusions: This study highlights that the individual and joint influence of ANC visits and iron-folic acid supplementation on having LBW. These findings underscore the significance of ANC attendance and iron-folic acid supplementation in preventing LBW. Traditionally, these two interventions were primarily considered as maternal survival strategies. However, our findings indicate that these existing interventions could be utilised further for both maternal and newborn survival. Given that these services are offered free of cost and are available near people's homes through the National Safe Motherhood Programme in Nepal, efforts to increase the uptake of these services should be strengthened while emphasising their role in preventing LBW., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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46. Spatiotemporal characterization of heatwave exposure across historically vulnerable communities.
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Bhattarai S, Bista S, Sharma S, White LD, Amini F, and Talchabhadel R
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- Humans, Mississippi, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Climate Change, Hot Temperature, Extreme Heat adverse effects, Vulnerable Populations
- Abstract
Heatwaves pose a serious threat and are projected to amplify with changing climate and social demographics. A comprehensive understanding of heatwave exposure to the communities is imperative for the development of effective strategies and mitigation plans. This study explores spatiotemporal characterization of heatwaves across the historically vulnerable communities in Mississippi, United States. We derive multiple heatwave metrics including frequency, duration, and magnitude based on temperature data for urban-specific daytime, nighttime, and day-night combined conditions. Our analysis depicts a rising heatwave trend across all counties, with the most extreme shifts observed in prolonged day-night events lacking overnight relief. We integrate physical heatwave hazards with a socioeconomic vulnerability index to develop an integrated urban heatwave risk index. Integrated metric identifies the counties in northwest Mississippi as heat-prone areas, exhibiting an urgent need to prioritize heat resilience and adaptive strategies in these regions. The compounding urban heatwave and vulnerability risks in these communities highlights an environmental justice imperative to implement equitable policies that protect disadvantaged populations. Although this study is focused on Mississippi, our framework is scalable and can be employed to urban regions globally. This study provides a solid foundation for developing timely heatwave preparedness and mitigation to avert preventable heat-related tragedies as extremes intensify with climate change., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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47. Patterns of suicide intent disclosures among older adult decedents, 2016-2018: a qualitative analysis.
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DeBois KA, Chatfield SL, Evans SD, Essel B, Bista S, and Orlins ER
- Subjects
- Humans, Aged, Male, Female, Aged, 80 and over, Intention, United States epidemiology, Suicidal Ideation, Truth Disclosure, Qualitative Research, Suicide psychology, Suicide statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Objective: The aim of this work is to examine suicide intent disclosures to identify patterns to support an improved understanding of the impetus for suicidal behavior in late life, which may offer insight useful in aiding prevention efforts., Methods: Using restricted access data from the National Violent Death Reporting System for years 2016-2018, we conducted qualitative content analysis of included narrative descriptions of 2,969 cases in which the decedent was aged 65 years or older and disclosed their intent to die by suicide., Results: The majority of suicide intent disclosures were direct statements of intent to die by suicide (37.19%), followed by a smaller proportion of indirect (implied) statements (25.29%). When response of disclosure recipient was described, such disclosures were frequently dismissed as insincere. Uncontrolled or chronic pain was cited by 11.62% of decedents as the rationale for suicide., Conclusion: Findings from this work suggest the content of suicide intent disclosures may vary considerably but demonstrate consistent patterns. Dismissal of such disclosures is a common response, likely due to inability to assess sincerity. Given the high rate of lethality among suicide attempts in late life, any intent disclosures should be critically evaluated.
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- 2024
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48. Improving Rice Grain Quality Through Ecotype Breeding for Enhancing Food and Nutritional Security in Asia-Pacific Region.
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Alam M, Lou G, Abbas W, Osti R, Ahmad A, Bista S, Ahiakpa JK, and He Y
- Abstract
Rice grain is widely consumed as a staple food, providing essential nutrition for households, particularly marginalized families. It plays a crucial role in ensuring food security, promoting human nutrition, supporting good health, and contributing to global food and nutritional security. Addressing the diverse quality demands of emerging diverse and climate-risked population dietary needs requires the development of a single variety of rice grain that can meet the various dietary and nutritional requirements. However, there is a lack of concrete definition for rice grain quality, making it challenging to cater to the different demands. The lack of sufficient genetic study and development in improving rice grain quality has resulted in widespread malnutrition, hidden hunger, and micronutrient deficiencies affecting a significant portion of the global population. Therefore, it is crucial to identify genetically evolved varieties with marked qualities that can help address these issues. Various factors account for the declining quality of rice grain and requires further study to improve their quality for healthier diets. We characterized rice grain quality using Lancastrians descriptor and a multitude of intrinsic and extrinsic quality traits. Next, we examined various components of rice grain quality favored in the Asia-Pacific region. This includes preferences by different communities, rice industry stakeholders, and value chain actors. We also explored the biological aspects of rice grain quality in the region, as well as specific genetic improvements that have been made in these traits. Additionally, we evaluated the factors that can influence rice grain quality and discussed the future directions for ensuring food and nutritional security and meeting consumer demands for grain quality. We explored the diverse consumer bases and their varied preferences in Asian-Pacific countries including India, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Thailand, Cambodia, Philippines, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Korea, Myanmar and Japan. The quality preferences encompassed a range of factors, including rice head recovery, grain shape, uniform size before cooking, gelatinization, chalkiness, texture, amylose content, aroma, red-coloration of grain, soft and shine when cooked, unbroken when cooked, gelatinization, less water required for cooking, gelatinization temperature (less cooking time), aged rice, firm and dry when cooked (gel consistency), extreme white, soft when chewed, easy-to-cook rice (parboiled rice), vitamins, and minerals. These preferences were evaluated across high, low, and medium categories. A comprehensive analysis is provided on the enhancement of grain quality traits, including brown rice recovery, recovery rate of milled rice, head rice recovery, as well as morphological traits such as grain length, grain width, grain length-width ratio, and grain chalkiness. We also explored the characteristics of amylose, gel consistency, gelatinization temperature, viscosity, as well as the nutritional qualities of rice grains such as starch, protein, lipids, vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, and bio-fortification potential. The various factors that impact the quality of rice grains, including pre-harvest, post-harvest, and genotype considerations were explored. Additionally, we discussed the future direction and genetic strategies to effectively tackle these challenges. These qualitative characteristics represent the fundamental focus of regional and national breeding strategies employed by different countries to meet consumer preference. Given the significance of rice as a staple food in Asia-Pacific countries, it is primarily consumed domestically, with only a small portion being exported internationally. All the important attributes must be clearly defined within specific parameters. It is crucial for geneticists and breeders to develop a rice variety that can meet the diverse demands of consumers worldwide by incorporating multiple desirable traits. Thus, the goal of addressing global food and nutritional security, and human healthy can be achieved., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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49. Panton-Valentine leucocidin gene in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from tertiary care hospital in Nepal.
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Syangtan G, Khanal LK, Bista S, Chand AB, Maharajhan BL, Dawadi P, Tuladhar R, Rai SK, and Joshi DR
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- Nepal epidemiology, Humans, Prevalence, Female, Adult, Male, Cross Infection microbiology, Cross Infection epidemiology, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Adolescent, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Leukocidins genetics, Exotoxins genetics, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus genetics, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolation & purification, Bacterial Toxins genetics, Tertiary Care Centers statistics & numerical data, Staphylococcal Infections microbiology, Staphylococcal Infections epidemiology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology
- Abstract
Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) expresses the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) virulence gene, which is associated with community and hospital-acquired severe MRSA infections. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility profile with a focus on the presence of the PVL gene among MRSA isolates in healthcare settings., Methodology: A total of 1,207 clinical specimens and 304 hospital environment swabs were collected in a tertiary care hospital in Nepal, and investigated following basic microbiological techniques. S. aureus was confirmed with the coagulase test. An antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) was performed by the Kirby-Bauer method and screening for MRSA was carried out by the cefoxitin disc diffusion method guided by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), 2020. DNA was extracted and used in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect mecA and PVL genes., Results: Of the 1,511 samples, 45 (2.9%) S. aureus (23 clinical and 22 environmental) were isolated. Among them, 69.6% (16/23) and 27.3% (6/22) were MRSA in clinical and environmental isolates, respectively. Twelve (52.2%) clinical isolates and seven (31.8%) environmental isolates were multidrug resistant. The majority of isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid. The PVL gene was detected in 18.2% (n = 4/22) of the MRSA isolates, of which three were from clinical sources and one was from an environmental swab., Conclusions: The prevalence of MRSA, and PVL-producing S. aureus were higher in the hospital setting. Hence, immediate and urgent implementation of infection control and sanitation measures are needed in the hospital., Competing Interests: No Conflict of Interest is declared, (Copyright (c) 2024 Gopiram Syangtan, Laxmi K Khanal, Shrijana Bista, Arun B Chand, Bijaya L Maharajhan, Prabin Dawadi, Reshma Tuladhar, Shiba K Rai, Dev R Joshi.)
- Published
- 2024
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50. HoloCamera: Advanced Volumetric Capture for Cinematic-Quality VR Applications.
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Heagerty J, Li S, Lee E, Bhattacharyya S, Bista S, Brawn B, Feng BY, Jabbireddy S, JaJa J, Kacorri H, Li D, Yarnell D, Zwicker M, and Varshney A
- Abstract
High-precision virtual environments are increasingly important for various education, simulation, training, performance, and entertainment applications. We present HoloCamera, an innovative volumetric capture instrument to rapidly acquire, process, and create cinematic-quality virtual avatars and scenarios. The HoloCamera consists of a custom-designed free-standing structure with 300 high-resolution RGB cameras mounted with uniform spacing spanning the four sides and the ceiling of a room-sized studio. The light field acquired from these cameras is streamed through a distributed array of GPUs that interleave the processing and transmission of 4K resolution images. The distributed compute infrastructure that powers these RGB cameras consists of 50 Jetson AGX Xavier boards, with each processing unit dedicated to driving and processing imagery from six cameras. A high-speed Gigabit Ethernet network fabric seamlessly interconnects all computing boards. In this systems paper, we provide an in-depth description of the steps involved and lessons learned in constructing such a cutting-edge volumetric capture facility that can be generalized to other such facilities. We delve into the techniques employed to achieve precise frame synchronization and spatial calibration of cameras, careful determination of angled camera mounts, image processing from the camera sensors, and the need for a resilient and robust network infrastructure. To advance the field of volumetric capture, we are releasing a high-fidelity static light-field dataset, which will serve as a benchmark for further research and applications of cinematic-quality volumetric light fields.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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