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A liquid-phase microextraction combined with ultraviolet-visible region spectrophotometry was introduced for the preconcentration of Bi(III) in pharmaceutical and sewage wastewater samples. The methodology is based on the chemical interaction of Bi(III) ions with the quaternary ammonium nitrogen-containing reagent, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), in the 1,2-dichloroethane phase as a [( [Formula omitted])(CTA.sup.+)] complex in hydrochloric acid media. Several analytical parameters that affect the extraction efficiency were studied, including acidity, the amount and volume of reagents, and foreign ions. The molar absorptivity (6.25 x 10.sup.4 L/(mol cm)), linear range (0.3-5 mg/L with R.sup.2 = 0.9981), limits of detection (0.02 mg/L), and limits of quantitation (0.08 mg/L) were calculated using the maximum absorbance values at 310 nm for Bi(III). The proposed method was tested on pharmaceutical and wastewater samples, and the results showed recoveries ranging from 93 to 107%., Author(s): Zekeriyya Bahadir [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/05szaq822, grid.411709.a, 0000 0004 0399 3319, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Giresun University, , 28200, Giresun, Turkey Bismuth is the [...]

This study reports the simultaneous voltammetric determination of Cd and Pb by square wave voltammetry (SWV) using carbon paste electrode modified with bismuth film. For the ex situ film formation, the influence of Bi concentration, time and deposition potential was evaluated. Regarding the SWV parameters, frequency, amplitude, deposition time and deposition potential were evaluated. The ideal conditions of film formation were achieved with 1 mg/L Bi applying -0.6 V during 300 s (0.01 M acetate buffer, pH 4.6). The highest current values of Cd and Pb were obtained in 0.01 M acetate buffer (pH 4.6) with deposition potential of -1.1 V, time deposition of 180 s, frequency of 40 Hz, amplitude of 40 mV and potential step of 0.005 V. The detection limits calculated for Cd and Pb were 0.5 and 0.3 [micro]g/L, respectively, and the method was successfully applied to the analysis of commercial potable water., Author(s): Cristiane de Oliveira [sup.1], Juliana Villela Maciel [sup.1], Anelise Christ-Ribeiro [sup.1], Ananda Guarda [sup.2], Daiane Dias [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.411598.0, 0000 0000 8540 6536, Laboratório de Eletroespectro Analítica [...]

Abstract: Systematic series of lead-bismuth phosphate glasses, where PbO, [Bi.sub.2][O.sub.3] and [P.sub.2][O.sub.5] content change for every series based on their weight percentage have been prepared. The optical properties were measured [...]

Bismuth metal, activated by ammonium hydrogen fluoride, was found to reduce various [alpha]-halocarbonyl compounds efficiently and chemoselectively in aqueous media to give the dehalogenated reduction products in excellent yields. Key words: bismuth, reduction, [alpha]-halocarbonyl compounds, fluoride salts, aqueous media, bismuth enolates, aldol reaction.

Results describe the structural characterization of solvated bismuth(III) and crystals of bismuth compounds.Data reveal that the mean Bi-O bond distance is 2.43 Angstroms and that of Bi...S is 3.56 Angstroms.

The redox characteristics associated with irreversibly adsorbed bismuth on Pt(111) electrodes was observed to be highly dependent on the presence of anions in the electrolyte. In a sulfuric acid electrolyte, it is proposed that the two redox peaks associated with the high coverage bismuth adlayer correspond to the production of a bismuth hydroxide and oxide network upon bismuth oxidation. After potential scanning, this network was replaced by (bi)sulfate, which results in the appearance of two new redox peaks with a sharp isopotential point.

Nitrate, acetate, chloride and bromide salts of the bicyclic cation [Bi(SCH2CHOH)2]+ reveal a substantial thermodynamic preference for the thiolate-alcohol chelate in a 2:1 stoichiometry. The conformational features of the cation were drammatically different in each of the the resulting molecular structures. The changes in the molecular structure of the bicyclic bis(2-hydroxyethanediol)bismuth(III) complexes were also dependent on the relative donor capabilities of the anion.

A preorganization approach was used in the synthesis of a cyclohexylene analogue of DTPA, N-(2-aminoethyl)-trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N',N'- pentaacetic acid (H5CyDTPA) and its C-functionalized version for antibody conjugation. Conformational preorganization is responsible for the shorter Bi-O and Bi-N bond lengths of Bi(CyDTPA)(super 2-) compared to Bi(DTPA)(super 2-). The preparation of H5CyDTPA and the synthesis and structural characterization of bismuth (III) complexes of CyDTPA(super 5-) and H2DTPA(super 3-) are described.

Crystals of [BiBr3(THF)3] were formed by the crystallization of bismuth trihalides from tetrahydrofuran/hexane solution by solvent diffusion. The monomeric [BiBr3(THF)3] in solid state has an octahedrally coordinated bismuth and bromine atoms. A fac configuration with tetrahydrofuran ligands is exhibited by the bismuth trihalide. Colorless crystals of the tetrahydrofuran adduct [BiCl3(THF)2] is polymeric with monomer BiCl3(THF)2 units. [BiCl3(THF)2] exhibits a square-based pyramidal structure with two cis THF ligands and chlorines on the basal plane of the bismuth center.

A novel technique for the trace analysis of metal ions Zn(II), Be(II), and Bi(III) in bulk solutions is discussed. This technique involves the generation of a chemiluminescence signal from alkaline phosphatase catalyzed hydrolysis of a phosphate derivative of 1,2-dioxetane. Zn(II) can be determined by two methods, reactivation of the alkaline phosphatase apoenzyme and inhibition of the native enzyme. Be(II) and Bi(III) can be determined quantitatively by inhibition of the native enzyme. Subppb to ppm level detection of Zn(II), Be(II), and Bi(III) has been achieved. Initial studies with mixed metals are also reported. The technique described is rapid and sensitive and can be readily applied to the microassay of heavy metal ions.

Transit time dispersion analysis of bismuth silicon oxide reveals that photocarrier hopping mobility depends on electric field. Current profiles are characteristic of low-mobility amorphous solids. Hopping conduction occurs in localized bandgap sites, with the photocarrier mobility decreasing with an increase in electric field values.

Spectroscopic and diffractometric observations of rotary Bridgman technique-grown InGaSbBi quaternary bulk single crystals reveal that the crystals are 10 mm in diameter and more than 10 mm in length. Segregation of the crystals causes a decrease in Ga and increase in Bi composition and indicates an InBi domain due to Ga induction in the crystals.

Two hypervalent bismuth alkoxide dimers with fluorinated ligands that function as Lewis acceptors of solvent particles were synthesized and characterized. The hydrolysis and thermolysis of these complexes to solids were analyzed. A study of the reaction processes that lead to the formation of bismuth tris(alkoxide), through ion exchange or through alcohol decomposition of triarylbismuths, reveal the role of intermediate-sized ligands. Bismuth's tendency to hypervalency results in solvent coordination and dimerization.

The evaluation of bismuth and gold diffusion in nanocrystalline copper and of bismuth in copper thin films reveal that the diffusivity in nanocrystalline copper can be increased with respect to single crystalline copper. Higher free energy and volume are found in the grain boundaries, and in the nanocrystalline copper, there is relaxation. Thermodynamic properties, grain boundary energies, solubilities, heats of segregation and solution are determined by diffusion measurements.

The preparation, characterization and X-ray structure of two trinuclear lead(II) and bismuth(III) complexes were reported. It was shown that 1,3,5-triamino-1,3,5-trideoxy-cis-inositol (taci) is a powerful ligand for Pb(II) and Bi(III). Three Pb and three Bi atoms are bound to the three asymmetric sites of one taci molecule. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the two compounds are in agreement with the idealized symmetry of C3v for the Pb(II) complex and D3h for the Bi(III) complex. Moreover, the most intense peaks in the two mass spectra were (Pb3(taci)(glycerol) - 5H)+ and (Bi3(taci)2 - 8H)+.

Research has been conducted on the intercalation chemistry of a novel bismuth molybdate. The possibility of making a new oxidation catalyst is examined.

The O-silylated intermediate of the Bi(III)-catalyzed Mukaiyama-aldol reaction was isolated to elicit tandem aldol-halogenation reactions. These tandem reactions involved the coupling of aldol condensation with halogenation to give high yields of beta-halo ketones and esters. Bismuth(III) chloride also activated the silicon chlorine bond of chlorotrimethylsilane.

Bi2Te3 nanowire arrays were fabricated by electro deposition from nitric acid solution. It was observed that with an increase in temperature, the resistance of nanowire arrays reduced.

A general strategy for the synthesis of heterobimetallic coordination complexes containing bismuth and transition metals in a 2:1 ratio is developed and explored. Various diagrams depicting the structure of the first bismuth-aluminum coordination complex are presented.

The delathedral boranes exhibiting three-dimensional aromaticity is related to the chemical bonding in many of the ternary transition mental-centered bismuth cluster halides. This is replacing multicenter core bond in the boranes with2c-2e bonds from the central transition metal to the bismuth atom.

The quaternary selenides KxSn(sub 6-2x)Bi(sub 2+x)Se9 and KSn5Bi5Se13 were discovered from reactions involving K2Se, Bi2Se3, Sn, and Se. Some physicochemical properties of KxSn(sub 6-2x)Bi(sub 2+x)Se9 and KSn5Bi5Se13 are presented.

A Si:Sb laser based on the optical excitation of shallow impurity centers is demonstrated. The far-infrared stimulated emission from optically pumped neutral Sb donors in silicon is presented.

The heterobimetallic [BiCl3OV(OC2H4OCH3)3]2 was produced by the reaction of vanadium triisopropoxide oxide with bismuth chloride and 10 milliliters of 2-methoxyethanol. The reaction produced a yellow solution which was subsequently purified to form orange crystals of the bismuth-vanadium complex in 35% yield. The complex is composed of an asymmetric unit with one vanadium and one bismuth atom. The chlorine atoms form a distorted octahedral coordination around the bismuth atom.