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Tribal population of India constitutes 8.6% of the total population. They are more susceptible to undernutrition which is recognized as a prevalent health problem mainly because of their uncertainty of food supply, which has serious long term consequences for the child and adversely influences the development of the nation. The assessment of nutritional status is paramount importance because it impels to identify malnutrition which is an aggravation of morbidity and mortality. This review was aimed to find out the overall nutritional status of tribal preschool children. It also seek the major socio-cultural causes which influence the nutritional status from bio-cultural perspectives among the tribal children in India in order to make foundation of new research. In the present review, 41 papers on nutritional status of tribal preschool children published from January 1st 2000 till date, have been identified and included for analysis. To analyze the data, meta-analysis was done using MedCalc software.

If a woman begins life as a malnourished child, with frequent illness and poor nutrition in childhood, she arrives in adulthood in a suboptimal state to take on pregnancy and lactation. As the conditions that lead to malnutrition continue to affect her and her offspring, they are further disadvantaged by a vicious intergenerational cycle of poverty and malnutrition. This study relies exclusively on secondary sources of information. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the nutritional status of mothers and their children under 5 years of age in India. The study was selected through a literature search following a standard protocol. The search included electronic databases (Research Gate, BMC Paediatrics, BMC Public Health, IJCM and IJCR etc.). A total of 84 research papers from the years 2003-2023 were searched. Only English-language literature was included in the study. Of the 84 research papers, a total of 13 research papers were included in the current literature review. In this review, the impact of maternal nutritional status on children in India is largely examined using cross-sectional studies. Thus, it is necessary to use other study designs in this context to obtain more information. Some maternal factors such as maternal age, BMI, education, occupation, maternal anaemia, nutritional knowledge etc. are considered to assess the nutritional status of the children. In addition to these factors, the number of children, previous birth interval, women's ability, income, type of family nutritional factors, etc. should also be considered to assess the nutritional status of the child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mother's knowledge about dietary diversity is the key component for providing a highquality diet to her children. However, there is a dearth of literature to assess a mother's knowledge about dietary diversity and its impact on the nutritional status of children. Therefore, an attempt was made in this study to understand a mother's knowledge on dietary diversity and her hygienic practices on the nutritional status of under-five children. This cross-sectional community based study was conducted in rural West Bengal, India. Data was collected using Android-based ODK data collection tools and analysed using WHO Anthro and SPSS (version 25) software. Frequency distribution, bi-variate cross-tabulation and binary logistic regression analysis were performed. 31% of children found underweight, 41.4% stunted and 17% wasted. About 37% of mothers knew about minimum dietary diversity and 24% used to wash their hands with soap and water before feeding their children. A mother's knowledge on dietary diversity was significantly associated with lower odds of being underweight (AOR:0.34), stunted (AOR:0.49) and wasted (AOR:0.33). Other significant predictors were a mother's educational attainment, knowledge on the symptoms of malnourishment and the habit of handwashing. The findings of this study reinforce the importance of enhancing a mothers' knowledge on child nutrition, dietary diversity and hygienic practices to improve the nutritional status of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malnutrition, especially undernutrition among preschool children is the most serious health problems in developing countries. It seems to be a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. The present study was aimed to assess the nutritional status among the ICDS preschool children of the Purulia district, WB, India. This cross-sectional study was undertaken at the randomly selected 25 ICDS Centres at Balarampur Block of Purulia district. A total of 544 (boys 284, girls 260) pre-school children aged between 2 to 5 years were included in this study. Height and weight were measured as per standard techniques. Nutritional status was assessed using the NCHS and WHO growth reference values, <-2 z-score values were used to determine stunting, underweight and wasting status. The overall prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting were very much higher among preschool children using both growth reference. Sex combined age variations in prevalence of undernutrition were also found. It was also observed that prevalence of stunting was found to be higher according to the WHO reference. Whereas the rate of underweight was found to be higher by NCHS standards but the rate of wasting was almost similar as measured by both methods. The nutritional status of the children was unsatisfactory indicating a major public health problem. Parents needs to be aware that their children are to get diverse nutrient rich food to prevent malnutrition. A more effective nutritional intervention program may be adopted by the respective authority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutritional status during preschool period is a paramount importance because of their rapid growth and this period is the foundation for lifetime health, strength and intellectual vitality. Given the above fact, present review has been undertaken to get an impression of the overall MUAC based undernutrition and sex variation of undernutrition among the preschool children of India as recommended by WHO guideline. International and national databases were searched using Google search engine, and PubMed etc. This review showed that the prevalence of MUAC based undernutrition was very high among the preschool children of India. It is recommended that the policy maker may implement measurement of MUAC at primary health care level to identify severe and moderate acute malnutrition as measurement of MUAC is a very simple and very much inexpensive and non-invasive method to assess nutritional status among the young children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nutritional status of an adult individual is significant for the better upbringing of their future generations. Notwithstanding, the nutritional status of the adult tribal population of India is not palatable. Consequently, an endeavour has been made in this review to get an impression of overall chronic energy deficiency (CED) and sex variation of CED among adult tribal population of India as assessed by Body Mass Index (BMI) less than 18.5 kg/m2. Study was selected through literature search following standard protocol. The Meta-analyses were performed by MedCalc statistical software version 20. A total 41954 sample from 140 studies published during 2000-2021 on nutritional status among 82 tribal communities, including 30 particularly vulnerable tribal groups (PVTGs) from 21 states and union territories have been considered for the present analysis. Out of the total, 124 and 91 studies have been accounted for male and female nutritional status. Pool analysis indicates overall prevalence of CED among males and females were 44.9% and 49.1%, respectively. It was estimated that around 28 million (13 million male and 15 million female) tribal population to be undernourished as of 2011. According to the WHO classification of severity of malnutrition, the rate of CED in both PVTG and non-PVTGs adult tribal population of India is very high, indicating critical situation. Therefore, urgent nutrition supplemental programme may be implemented especially for PVTG female considering their culture and food habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper is based entirely on secondary sources of information, mainly drawn from the 2001 and 2011 Censuses of India and West Bengal. In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyse the present literacy trends of the ethnic communities of West Bengal, and comparing the data over a decade (2001-2011). The difference between male and female has also been focused. The fact remains that a large number of tribal women might have missed educational opportunities at different stages and in order to empower them varieties of skill training programmes have to be designed and organised. Implementation of systematic processes like Information Education Communication (IEC) should be done to educate communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tribal population of India constitutes 8.6% of the total population. They traditionally lead diverse life style and their way of life is indigenous. They are more susceptible to undernutrition which is recognized as a prevalent health problem mainly because of their uncertainty of food supply, which has serious long term consequences for the child and adversely influences the development of the nation. The assessment of nutritional status is paramount importance because it impels to identify malnutrition which is a potential cause and or an aggravation of morbidity and mortality. This review was aimed to find out the overall nutritional status of tribal preschool children. It also seek the major socio-cultural causes which influence the nutritional status from bio-cultural perspectives form of existing literature among the tribal children in India in order to make foundation of new research. In the present review, 40 papers on nutritional status of tribal pre-school children published from January 1st 2000 to till date, have been identified and included for analysis. To analyze the data Meta analysis was done using MedCalc software. The Meta analysis revealed the average rate of prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting among the preschool tribal children of India was 39.25%; 39.67% and 19.54%. Among the 40 different studies these rates vary among the different tribal groups of different States associated with their socio-economic status (10%), their cultures of food consumption (10%), maternal education (15%), child feeding practices (20%), dietary deficit during pregnancy (25%) and poor nutrition of the child (52%). Prevalence rate of under-nutrition and stunting is relatively high in comparison to WHO in India whereas, rate of wasting was lower in comparison to National level which reflect that immediate nutritional status was poor but chronic deficiency of nutrition was less. Nutritional education and short term appropriately planned nutritional intervention programs may also be useful for enhancing their nutritional status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the clinical and demographical pattern of alopecia areata (AA) and their association with other diseases. Methods A cross-sectional multicentric study of 410 patients with AA was carried out during the period of January 2013 to December 2014. A detail clinical and demographical pattern of the disease was taken in a prescribed proforma along with the association of other diseases, if present. Results A total of 410 patients with AA were included in the study with age ranging from 1 year to 74 years, out of which 206 were males and 204 females. The commonest age at onset was 21-30 years. Multilocular patches were the commonest presentation. Based on the pattern, patchy AA was most commonly seen, followed by ophiasis and sisiapho. Eyebrow involvement was common in the ophiasis group as compared to other types. Nail involvement was found in 45.4% patients and pitting was the most common finding. A history of previous episode of AA was present in 32.4% of patient. Severity of AA with increasing area of involvement was seen in the relapse group of patients. Scalp was the commonest hair bearing area of involvement (76.8%), as well as, was also the first site of involvement. In 12.7%, there was a past history of AA. The commonest associated disease was atopic dermatitis (5.8%). Other diseases like thyroid, vitiligo, diabetes, collagenvascular disease etc. were also noted in our study. Conclusion AA is a disease of the younger age group. We assessed the demographic profile of the patients and try to correlate it with other studies and hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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