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DIZENGOFF STREET, A tree-lined corridor of commerce and pleasure, is Tel Aviv's main artery. Squint a little, and you could easily imagine that you're standing not in sunbaked Israel, a [...]

Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence, impact, and interaction of short interpregnancy interval (IPI), pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) category, and pregnancy weight gain (PWG) on the rate of preterm birth. Methods This is a population-based retrospective cohort study using vital statistics birth records from 2006 to 2011 in OH, US, analyzing singleton live births to multiparous mothers with recorded IPI (n = 393,441). Preterm birth rate at, Author(s): Candice S. Lengyel [sup.1] , Shelley Ehrlich [sup.2] , Jay D. Iams [sup.3] , Louis J. Muglia [sup.1] [sup.4] , Emily A. DeFranco [sup.1] [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.239573.9Center [...]

Objectives To evaluate a large two-phase, statewide quality improvement (QI) collaborative to decrease non-medically indicated (N-MI) deliveries scheduled between 36 and 38 weeks gestation (early). Methods The New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) convened a Perinatal Quality Collaborative to devise a two-phase QI initiative using a rapid cycle incremental learning model. Phase 1 included Regional Perinatal Centers (RPCs), and Phase 2 added their affiliated perinatal hospitals. Maternal demographics, delivery characteristics, medical indications, and stillbirths were collected on scheduled inductions and cesarean section (CS) deliveries between 36 and 38 weeks. Results There were 35,091 scheduled 36-38 week deliveries reported during the collaborative's 4 years. The percentage of early N-MI scheduled deliveries decreased 41-fold in RPCs (Phase 1 and Phase 2), and 17-fold in affiliates (Phase 2). There was a significant statewide increase in deliveries at [greater than or equal to]39 weeks (P < 0.001), with an estimated 23,732 early deliveries averted. Stillbirths did not increase over time (P = 0.42), although reporting was incomplete. Conclusions A two-phase, statewide QI collaborative in a large state with regionalized perinatal care effectively lowered the number of N-MI deliveries scheduled between 36 and 38 weeks gestation. Associated improvements in neonatal and early childhood developmental outcomes should translate to significant cost savings. This model can effectively be used for similar as well as other obstetrical QI., Author(s): Marilyn A. Kacica [sup.1] [sup.2] , J. Christopher Glantz [sup.3] , Kuangnan Xiong [sup.1] , Eileen P. Shields [sup.1] , Peter H. Cherouny [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.238491.5Division of [...]

The article confirms the fact that because of early and universal marriage, fertility in pre-Revolutionary China was much higher than that in Europe as there was little or no planned birth control during that period.

Introduction The Senegal Demographic and Health Survey 2005, or Enquete Ddmographique et de Sante Senegal 2005 (EDS-IV), was conducted by the Centre de Recherche pour le Developpement Humain on behalf [...]

Introduction The Guinea Demographic and Health Survey 2005, or Enquete Demographique et de Sante Guinee (EDSG-III), was conducted by the Direction Nationale de la Statistique, with technical assistance from ORC [...]

Ireland by 1930 had the largest family in all of Europe and the marriage rate was the lowest but from 1930 onwards there was a growing concern over the falling fertility expressed by the Catholic Church and the Irish state. Large part of the population believed that this falling fertility would improve economic circumstances and the majority of the Irish population had some hope of improving their circumstances and giving their children a decent education.

The World Health Organization (WHO) published guidelines in 1985 stating that cesarean birth rates should not exceed 15 percent, based on data from developed countries suggesting that no additional benefit [...]

The trends in live birth statistics in England and Wales is summarized, where more attention was paid to the timing of the childbearing, family size, births by marital status, births by socio-economic classification of the father, multiple births, fertility patterns in the United Kingdom and birth to mothers born outside the United Kingdom. Findings suggest that 596,122 live births occurred in the U.K. and Wales in 2002 and the total fertility rate in U.K. and Wales was 1.65.

Data on live births in England and Wales is presented, which is produced by the National Statistics Socio-economic classification (NS-SEC) and considers the codes for occupation and the employment status of the father, while preparing the report. It was seen that the Class 2 had the greatest proportion of births.

Recent patterns of live birth statistics in England and Wales are examined; births occurring in 2001 and conceptions taken place in 2000 are looked at. The timing of childbearing, births according to marital status and social class, multiple births, and fertility patterns in the UK are discussed. There were 595 thousand live births in England and Wales in 2001, a fall of two percent from 2000.

Objectives. Race-specific health statistics are routinely reported in scientific publications; most describe health disparities across groups. Census 2000 showed that 2.4% of the US population identifies with more than 1 race group. We examined the hypothesis that multiple-race reporting is associated with interracial births by comparing parental race reported on birth certificates with reported race in a national health survey. Methods. US natality data from 1968 through 1998 and National Health Interview Survey data from 1990 through 1998 were compared, by year of birth. Results. Overall multiple-race survey responses correspond to expectations from interracial births. However, there are discrepancies for specific multiple-race combinations. Conclusions. Projected estimates of the multiple-race population can be only partially informed by vital records.

The number of births, the crude birth rate (14.5 in 2001), and the fertility rate (67.2 in 2001) all declined slightly (by 1% or less) from 2000 to 2001. Fertility rates were highest for Hispanic women (107.4), followed by Native American (70.7), Asian or Pacific Islander (69.4), black (69.3), and non-Hispanic white women (58.0). During the early to mid 1990s, fertility declined for non-Hispanic white, black, and American Indian women. Rates for these population groups have changed relatively little since 1995; however, fertility has increased for Asian or Pacific Islander and Hispanic women. The birth rate for teen mothers continued to fall, dropping 5% from 2000 to 2001 to 45.9 births per 1000 females aged 15 to 19 years, another record low. The teen birth rate has fallen 26% since 1991; declines were more rapid (35%) for younger teens aged 15 to 17 years than for older teens aged 18 to 19 years (20%). The proportion of all births to unmarried women remained about the same at one-third. Smoking during pregnancy continued to decline; smoking rates were highest among teen mothers. The use of timely prenatal care increased slightly to 83.4% in 2001. From 1990 to 2001, the use of timely prenatal care increased by 6% (to 88.5%) for non-Hispanic white women, by 23% (to 74.5%) for black women, and by 26% (to 75.7%) for Hispanic women. The number and rate of twin births continued to rise, but the triplet/+ birth rate declined for the second year in a row. For the first year in almost a decade, the preterm birth rate declined (to 11.6%); however, the low birth weight rate was unchanged at 7.6%. The total cesarean delivery rate jumped 7% from 2000 to 2001 to 24.4% of all births, the highest level reported since these data became available on birth certificates (1989). The primary cesarean rate rose 5%, whereas the rate of vaginal birth after a previous cesarean delivery tumbled 20%. In 2001, the provisional infant mortality rate was 6.9 per 1000 live births, the same as in 2000. Racial differences in infant mortality remain a major public health concern, with the rate for infants of black mothers 2.5 times those for infants of non-Hispanic white or Hispanic mothers. In 2000, 66% of all infant deaths occurred among the 7.6% of infants born low birth weight. Among all states, Maine and Massachusetts had the lowest infant mortality rates. The United States continues to rank poorly in international comparisons of infant mortality. The provisional death rate in 2001 was 8.7 deaths per 1000 population, the same as the 2000 final rate. In 2000, unintentional injuries and homicide remained the leading and second-leading causes of death for children 1 to 19 years of age, although the death rate for homicide decreased by 10% from 1999 to 2000. Among unintentional injuries to children, two-thirds were motor vehicle-related; among homicides, two-thirds were firearm-related. Pediatrics 2002;110:1037-1052; birth, birth weight-specific mortality, death, infant mortality, low birth weight, mortality, multiple births, vital statistics, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, year 2001 population., ABBREVIATIONS. CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; NCHS, National Center for Health Statistics; IMR, infant mortality rate; NMR, neonatal mortality rate; PNMR, postneonatal mortality rate; TFR, total fertility rate; [...]

Provisional summary statistics of live births in England and Wales during 2001 are presented, and comparisons made to figures from preceding years. Data shows that there were 594.6 thousand live births in England and Wales in 2001, a fall of 1.6 percent from 2000 and the lowest annual number of births since 1977. Fertility rates are at the lowest recorded since 1924, and mothers giving birth are on average a year-and-a-half older than ten years ago.

The fertility decline over the last 30 years (see de Vaus elsewhere in this issue) has gone hand in hand with sharp changes in marriage patterns. While marriage and children [...]

Pregnancy, birth, and abortion rates among teenagers in the United States have declined over the past decade but still remain an endemic public health issue. Reasons for the decline include [...]

Statistical tables are presented concerning various aspects of population. Topics include population figures for UK countries, and statistics on live births, life expectancy, mortality, internal migration, and marriage and divorce.

Statistics concerning birth patterns in England and Wales are presented. Topics include mean age of women giving birth, births by social class, multiple births, fertility patterns, and births by teenage mothers.

Traditional means of assessing the problem of teen pregnancy have relied on national or state statistics. By using large geographic areas, usually comprised of a heterogeneous population, it is impossible to tell which subareas have more of a problem than others. This study focused on trends in teen birth rates at the health district level in New York City over a 25-year period to illustrate variations among ethnic groups. Teen birth rates were calculated based on vital statistics published by the New York City Department of Health. They were calculated as the number of births per 1,000 females in each of three age groups: under age 15, 15-17, and 18-19. Rates were calculated for the entire City, for four boroughs, and for selected health center districts. The decline in the birth rate among New York City teens is most significant in health districts populated by blacks. An exception is the noted increases in birth rates in districts populated predominantly by Hispanics. Data show substantial decreases among older teens compared to younger teens. Birth trends in small areas of New York City mirror trends seen nationwide. As migration changes the ethnic composition of small areas, it is important to monitor trends so that policies and programs can be targeted to those in need. KEY WORDS: teen birth trends; small area birth rates.

Objective. The purpose of this paper is to examine how Mexican immigrants' fertility relates to duration of residence in the U.S. and compares to U.S.-born women of Mexican origin. I specifically look for evidence of selectivity, disruption, and assimilation effects. Methods. Using the birth and life histories available from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth, I present descriptive statistics of the two groups, compare their age-specific fertility rates, and analyze women's transitions to first, second, and third births using proportional hazard methods, with a focus on the effects of five categories of durations of stay in the U.S. (premigration, 0-2 years, 2-7 years, 7-15 years, and 15+). Results. The results lend evidence to all major hypotheses of immigrant fertility. Mexican immigrant women seem selective at the time of migration in ways likely to affect the relationship between immigration and fertility. The hypothesis that women's fertility is depressed in the years immediately following migrati on receives some support, particularly among women in the transition to a third birth. The evidence also lends support to an assimilation perspective, though again important exceptions emerge. Assimilation effects appear in the transitions to first and second births but weakly in the analysis of the third birth, and there is limited evidence of possible 'downward' fertility assimilation among adolescent immigrants. Conclusions. This analysis highlights how the major perspectives on immigrant fertility are not mutually exclusive and indicates that for Mexican immigrants, women's parity conditions the way immigration and fertility interact., Introduction Mexican immigrant women in the U.S. average more children during their lifetime than most other immigrant and native-born groups, and have done so for decades (Bustamente et al., 1998; [...]