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Since it has a wide variety, pear can be grown in all temperate zones and high-altitude areas of tropical and subtropical climates of the Earth. On the other hand, most of the cultured pear varieties are susceptible to fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora, and their susceptibility is threatening pear cultivation. The lack of a certain solution to fire blight, the harmful effects of the chemicals on environment and human health and the increasing demand for organic products, give priority to breeding new resistant rootstocks and varieties in control of the disease. Due to the polygenic nature of fire blight resistance and the complexity of its mechanism, controlled hybridization is generally used in breeding programs. In order to determine the effect of the parents for the transmission of fire blight resistance, hybridizations are also carried out reciprocally. In the study which was carried out for this aim, susceptibility levels of the F1 hybrids, obtained from the reciprocal combinations of fire blight resistant 'Kieffer' and the susceptible 'Williams', 'Santa Maria' and 'Akça' cultivars, were evaluated. While 'Kieffer' x 'Santa Maria' was found the most resistant combination to fire blight, 'Akça' x 'Williams' was found as the most susceptible one. In addition, it has been determined that F1 hybrids obtained from 'Kieffer' x 'Santa Maria' and 'Akca' x 'Williams' hybridization combinations and their reciprocals are different in terms of disease resistance, while there was no difference in resistance in F1 hybrids of 'Williams' x 'Santa Maria' combination and its reciprocal combination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we assessed the main phenolic compounds in leaves of 90 pear germplasm resources, including 26 accessions of P. bretschneideri, 24 accessions of P. pyrifolia, 40 accessions of P. ussuriensis to determine the diversity of phenolic compounds among these pear species and to analyse the relationships among the contents and profiles of phenolic compounds. The average contents of total phenolic compounds of different pear species in leaves were in the range of 17.02-21.11 mg/g. Arbutin was detected as major phenolic compound in the leaves which contributed almost 32.3% of the total amount of phenol compounds in the assayed samples, and about 86.7% of the varieties had highest arbutin content than other individual phenolic compounds. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that P. bretschneideri and P. pyrifolia accessions were not noticeably discriminated with each other based on their phenolic content and profile, while P. ussuriensis accessions were markedly distinguished mostly according to the second principal component variation, and also wild P. ussuriensis and cultivated P. ussuriensis accessions showed obvious discriminating between each other. The specific organization of the pear species based on the accumulation of secondary metabolites showed a high consistency with the phylogenetic organization known. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed that the phenolic composition in leaves resolved variation in difference pear species from China, and the variation was mainly attributed to four compounds. This study provides new insights into phenolic diversity of pear germplasm resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In two consecutive experimental seasons it was investigated the storage capacity of ‘Conference’ pear (Pyrus communis, L.) under regular air (RA) and various controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions during six months at 0 °C (±0.3). The occurrence flesh browning (FB), core browning (CB) and cavity formation (CF) was evaluated at each 2‑months storage intervals and the ripening quality traits analyzed immediately at the end of storage period and after 7 days of shelf-life in air at 20 °C. The storage conditions were: RA; 0.5 kPa O2 + 0.5 kPa CO2; 1.5 kPa O2 + 1.5 kPa CO2, 2.0 kPa O2 + 1.0 kPa CO2; 3.0 kPa O2 + 6.0 kPa CO2 and 0.5 kPa O2 + 6.0 kPa CO2. After six months, ‘Conference’ pear was very susceptible to FB, CB and CF under CA-storage. The damages started to develop at the second month of storage, increasing continuously until end of storage period. At storage end, pear fruits kept under 0.5 kPa O2 + 6.0 kPa CO2 showed a dramatic high occurrence of FB, CB and CF with a severity index of 50.6, 45.3 and 27.1, respectively. The lowest incidences of FB, CB and CF were scored in fruits kept at 2.0 kPa O2 + 1.0 kPa CO2 with severity indexes of 1.1, 1.1 and 1.0, respectively. Flesh firmness, skin color, titratable acidity and total soluble solids were satisfactory under 2.0 kPa O2 + 1.0 kPa CO2. In conclusion, ‘Conference’ pear cannot be stored under O2 partial pressure lower than 2.0 kPa and CO2 higher than 0.5 kPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and background: Autochthonous fruits in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) represent great opportunities for fruit breeding, because they could be grown without costly agricultural inputs and offer valuable assets for the fruit processing industry providing a specific and different sensory taste for the fruit products. Hence, the objective of this study was to sensory evaluate fruits from 34 autochthonous apple and 29 pear cultivars in 2012 and 2013 from an ex-situ collection in B&H by eight trained panelists, using Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA).Experimental: Flavour of fruits was described by the eight sensory attributes a) flavour: odour intensity, b) sweet, c) sour, d) green, fruit, e) floral flavour, f) typically, g) after taste and h) overall conception and subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) to visualise the sensory attributes.Results: For apple, the traditional cvs. ‘Prijedorska Zelenika’, ‘Paradija’, ‘Srebrenička’, ‘Bukovija’ and ‘Ljepocvijetka’ reached the best flavour scores in both years, while in pear, cvs. ‘Takiša’, ‘Hambarka’, ‘Dolokrahan’ and ‘Kačmorka’ exhibited the best flavour in both years, followed by cvs. ‘Begarika’, ‘Jeribasma’, ‘Ahmetova’ and ‘Hambarka’ with intense floral flavour and odour. In these tastings, B & H grown apple cv. ‘Golden Delicious’ also scored highly compared with cvs ‘Idared’, ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Gala’ with a lesser characteristic apple flavour and pear cvs ‘Williams’ and ‘Sweet Harrow’ scored better than ‘Alexander Lukas’ and ‘Gellerts’ from B & H. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pear (Pyrus spp.) is one of the most important fruits consumed in daily life. The aim of this study was to determine the total phenolic and ascorbic acid contents, as well as the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antimutagenic activities, of various pear cultivars. The fruits of five pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars (‘Deveci’, ‘Kizil’, ‘Egirsah’, ‘Gugum’, and ‘Banda’) were used in this study. It was determined that the peel and pulp of the ‘Kizil’ pear had the highest total phenolic content (402.5 mg/100 g and 215.2 mg/100 g, respectively), while those of the ‘Banda’ pear had the lowest total phenolic content (326 mg/100 g and 126.1 mg/100 g, respectively). Additionally, the ‘Kizil’ pear showed the highest antioxidant capacity in the 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric-reducing ability assay (FRAP) (1.72 μmol TE/g FW and 161.25 μmol Fe II/g FW, respectively) and the highest ascorbic acid content (16.02 mg/100 g). The ‘Banda’ pear showed the highest antibacterial activity against the test bacteria. However, none of the pear extracts displayed antifungal activity. While all doses of the ‘Kizil’, ‘Gugum’, and ‘Banda’ pear extracts used in this study, except 80 μL/plate, exhibited antimutagenic activities, only the lowest dose (10 μL/plate) of the ‘Deveci’ pear extract showed the antimutagenic activity against induced mutagenesis in the Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 strain. Consequently, the five Turkish pear cultivars used in this study exhibited different levels of antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antimutagenic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From August 22nd to September 4th, 2011 a joint expedition of scientists from Germany and Russia of the Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI) and the Nikolaj I. Vavilov Research Institute of Plant Industry (VIR) into North Caucasus has been taken place. The expedition was aimed on collection of fruit genetic resources in this region and their introduction into national collections for fruit genetic resources of both countries. Subsequently, the collected material will be evaluated by the participating partners regarding sources of agronomical important traits in order to provide new resources for breeding purposes, and aid in determining accessions for core collections of the fruit species.

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Copyright of Erwerbs-Obstbau is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Erwerbs-Obstbau is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Erwerbs-Obstbau is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Erwerbs-Obstbau is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Erwerbs-Obstbau is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Erwerbs-Obstbau is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Erwerbs-Obstbau is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)