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1. Digital Twin in the Battery Industry

Author

Singh, Soumya, Oberle, Michael, Schel, Daniel, Grimm, Julian, Meyer, Olga, Birke, Kai Peter, Castro, Rodrigo, Advisory Editor, Lehmann, Axel, Advisory Editor, Robinson, Stewart, Advisory Editor, Szabo, Claudia, Advisory Editor, Traoré, Mamadou Kaba, Advisory Editor, Zeigler, Bernard P., Advisory Editor, Zhang, Lin, Advisory Editor, Tolk, Andreas, Series Editor, Lazarova-Molnar, Sanja, Advisory Editor, Grieves, Michael, editor, and Hua, Edward Y., editor

Published
2024
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12. Precise Energy

Author

Birke, Kai Peter, primary, Baazouz, Sabri, additional, and Grimm, Julian, additional

Published
2023
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30. Novel Approach to Diagnose Safe Electrical Power Distribution.

Author

Braun, Lars, Le, Minh, Motz, Jürgen, and Birke, Kai Peter

Subjects
ELECTRIC power, POWER resources, BRAKE systems, AUTOMOTIVE electronics, MEASUREMENT errors
Abstract

The integrity of the 12 V dc power distribution system on a vehicle is essential to guarantee continuous power supply to safety-relevant consumers. Safety-relevant consumers are critical loads, for example, electric power steering, braking systems with functionalities like Anti-Lock Braking or Electronic Stability Control, and autonomous drive systems. To prevent insufficient power supply for safety-relevant consumers due to an increased wiring harness resistance, a novel diagnostic approach is developed to determine the condition of the power distribution, especially the electrical resistance. The influence of measurement errors and bus commutation on the estimation is investigated by using a simulation. By using the diagnostic, a resistance determination in the milliohm range with a standard deviation of σ = 0.3 m Ω can be achieved under realistic conditions. This ensures that failures in the wiring harness can be identified, avoiding cascading effects and minimizing recalls. Compared to the state of the art, redundancies, costs, and weight can be saved with the proposed diagnostic system based on electrical resistance estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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31. Thermal Propagation Test Bench for the Study of the Paschen Curve and Lightning Arcs of Venting Gas.

Author

Mulder, Björn, Birke, Kai Peter, Obry, Björn, Wigger, Stefan, Kozakov, Ruslan, Smirnov, Pavel, and Schein, Jochen

Subjects
ELECTRIC conductivity, GAS flow, HEAT transfer, LIGHTNING, BENCHES
Abstract

Thermal propagation events are characterized by fire and thick black smoke, leading to propagation methods with a focus on preventing heat transfer and optimizing gas flow. Yet little attention is being paid to the electric conductivity of the gas, leading to possibly unexpected battery casing openings due to lightning arcs as well as potentially providing the minimum ignition energy. This gas composition (omitting particles) was used at different temperatures and pressures in a lightning arc test bench, leading to the Paschen curve. Using a mini-module cell setup, filtered venting gas was flowed through another lightning arc test bench, allowing for in situ measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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40. Battery Systems and Energy Storage beyond 2020.

Author

Birke, Kai Peter, Birke, Kai Peter, and Karabelli, Duygu

Subjects
Research & information: general, AC current injection, CFD simulations, Coulombic efficiency, DRT by time domain data, Doyle-Fuller-Newman model, EIS, Li-ion battery, SEM+EDX, acetyltributylcitrate, additive, artificial intelligence, artificial neural network, battery efficiency, battery energy storage, battery management system, battery model, battery monitoring, battery sizing, battery thermal management systems, bi-directional control, cell thickness, charger, degradation mechanisms, digital twin, direct recycling, disassembly, disassembly planner design, disassembly strategy optimization, distribution network, doctor blade coating, ecofriendly electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries, electric vehicle battery, electro-thermal model, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, electrode fabrication, electrolyte, electronic battery sensor, energy storage, enhanced electrolyte safety based on high flash point, equivalent circuit model, ether based electrolyte, failure distribution, failure modes, failure rates, field battery investigation, genetic algorithm, global warming potential, increased thermal stability of electrolytes, insitu deposited lithium-metal electrode, intelligent battery, intercalation, interface, lead batteries, life cycle assessment, liquid cooling, lithium battery, lithium deposition morphology, lithium ion battery, lithium-ion batteries, lithium-ion battery, lithium-ion battery cell, lithium-ion cells, manganese dioxide, mechanical aging, mechanical degradation, mixing ratio, model, neural network, non-uniform volume change, online diagnosis, parameter estimation, particle swarm optimization, polymer binder, post-mortem analysis, power supply system, pseudocapacitance, pulse evaluation, redox flow battery, relaxation voltage, renewable energy, renewable energy integration, residential load, safe supply, safety battery, safety concept, secondary battery, sensorless temperature measurement, smart cell, sodium-ion, solar photovoltaic energy, solvent, state monitoring, state of charge dependency, state-of-charge, stationary energy storage, temperature dependency, temperature estimation, temperature prediction, thermal runaway, traction battery, tributylacetylcitrate, volumetric expansion, waterjet-based recycling, zinc ion batteries
Abstract

Summary: Currently, the transition from using the combustion engine to electrified vehicles is a matter of time and drives the demand for compact, high-energy-density rechargeable lithium ion batteries as well as for large stationary batteries to buffer solar and wind energy. The future challenges, e.g., the decarbonization of the CO2-intensive transportation sector, will push the need for such batteries even more. The cost of lithium ion batteries has become competitive in the last few years, and lithium ion batteries are expected to dominate the battery market in the next decade. However, despite remarkable progress, there is still a strong need for improvements in the performance of lithium ion batteries. Further improvements are not only expected in the field of electrochemistry but can also be readily achieved by improved manufacturing methods, diagnostic algorithms, lifetime prediction methods, the implementation of artificial intelligence, and digital twins. Therefore, this Special Issue addresses the progress in battery and energy storage development by covering areas that have been less focused on, such as digitalization, advanced cell production, modeling, and prediction aspects in concordance with progress in new materials and pack design solutions.

44. Safe Handling and Deep-discharging of End-of-Life Battery Modules during Battery Disassembly

Author

Wanner, Johannes, Grimm, Julian, Birke, Kai Peter, Wanner, Johannes, Grimm, Julian, and Birke, Kai Peter

Abstract

Achieving a circular economy for batteries requires further technological advances to handle the volumes and diversity of returned batteries. A key challenge is considering the safety of handling these batteries in the disassembly process and their partial reuse in second-life applications. In the case of the secondary use of battery systems, fast and safe electrical diagnosis of returned batteries during the disassembly process is necessary. When selectively reusing cells in a module, the damaged or aged cells must be deactivated. For possible recycling of the complete module, the batteries must be deep-discharged, which can potentially lead to a dangerous reversal of cell polarity if different cell conditions exist within the module. In this work, a contacting unit is proposed to enable fast diagnosis, safe discharge of single cells in the module, and deep discharge of the complete module. This technology represents an essential building block for the economic disassembly as part of a circular economy for batteries.

Published
2024

45. On the Lifespan of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Second-Life Applications

Author

Müller, Daniel, Birke, Kai Peter, Bock, Hans Georg, Series Editor, de Hoog, Frank, Series Editor, Friedman, Avner, Series Editor, Gupta, Arvind, Series Editor, Nachbin, André, Series Editor, Ozawa, Tohru, Series Editor, Pulleyblank, William R., Series Editor, Rusten, Torgeir, Series Editor, Santosa, Fadil, Series Editor, Seo, Jin Keun, Series Editor, Tornberg, Anna-Karin, Series Editor, Faragó, István, editor, Izsák, Ferenc, editor, and Simon, Péter L., editor

Published
2019
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