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Copyright of Kocatepe Veterinary Journal / Kocatepe Veteriner Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, the stability analysis of systems with fractional order delay is presented. Besides, PI controller design using particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique for such systems is also presented. The PSO algorithm is used to obtain the controller parameters within the stability region. As it is known that it is not possible to investigate the stability of systems with fractional order delay using analytical methods such as the Routh-Hurwitz criterion. Furthermore, stability analysis of such systems is quite difficult. In this study, for stability testing of such systems, an approximation method previously introduced in the literature by the corresponding author is used. In addition, the unit step responses have been examined to evaluate the systems' performances. It should be noted that examining unit step responses of systems having fractional-order delay is not possible due to the absence of analytical methods. One of the aims of this study is to overcome this deficiency by using the proposed approximation method. Besides, a solution to the question of which controller parameter values should be selected in the stability region, which provides the calculation of all stabilizing PI controllers, is proposed using the PSO algorithm.

Objectives:Patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES) can also have sensorineural hearing loss as well as balance problems. Our aim was to evaluate vestibulocochlear system involvement in PES patients.Materials and Methods:The study included 16 subjects with PES (study group) with a mean age of 66.12±5.64 years and 17 healthy subjects (control group) with a mean age of 61.70±8.46 years. Both groups underwent ophthalmological, neuro-otological, audiological, and vestibular evaluation. Pure-tone audiometry and tympanometry were performed as audiological tests and bithermal caloric test and vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) testing were used as vestibular tests. The Romberg, tandem Romberg, and Unterberger tests were also performed.Results:In the PES group, bithermal caloric tests revealed right canal paresis in 6 patients, left canal paresis in 3 patients, and bilateral stimulation loss in 2 patients, despite no clinical evidence of balance loss. Paresis was not detected in any of the control subjects. Unilateral VEMP responses could not be obtained in 3 patients in the PES group. The ocular PES patients whose VEMP waves were obtained differed significantly from the control group (p

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) constitute approximately one-third of the global pharmaceutical market and are the first drugs of choice when treating fever and pain. Furthermore, among NSAIDs, the use of diclofenac sodium (DS) is preferred as it is a strong inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzyme. However, despite its strong efficacy, DS is known for its potential to cause hepatorenal damage. Currently, to mitigate the adverse effects of certain drugs, medically effective agricultural products are often preferred as they are inexpensive, effective and safe. One such agricultural product—mandarin—is noteworthy for its high phenolic contents. The purpose of the present study was to assess the efficacy of mandarin peel ethanolic extract (MPEE) in protecting against hepatorenal damage induced by DS. Four groups (six/group) of adult male albino rats received oral administration of physiological saline (control group), DS (10 mg/kg body weight), MPEE (200 mg/kg body weight), and DS + MPEE for 7 days. Rats in the DS group showed increased serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, BUN, CRE, and UA. Furthermore, the hepatic and renal tissue levels of MDA, TNF-α and IL-1β increased, whereas those of GSH, SOD, GP-x and IL-10 decreased (p < 0.05). Investigation of MPEE in terms of its effects on biochemical, oxidative and inflammatory parameters, it exerted protective and healing effects. Therefore, MPEE can be used to ameliorate DS-induced hepatorenal damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Florfenicol is a synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat infectious diseases in veterinary medicine. Limited information is available on the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of florfenicol in dogs. This study was conducted in six healthy dogs to determine the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of florfenicol following a single intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) dose of 30 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Blood samples were taken over the course of 24 h post-treatment and the recovered plasma was extracted and analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using a two-compartment open model. After i.v. administration of florfenicol, elimination half-life (t1/2b), volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss), total body clearance (ClT) and area under curve (AUC0-24) were 3.09 ± 0.13 h, 1.19 ± 0.15 l/kg, 0.37 ± 0.04 l/h/kg, and 59.44 ± 5.27 µg/h/ml, respectively. The peak plasma concentration (Cmax), time to maximum concentration (tmax) and bioavailability (F) were 3.05 ± 0.43 µg/ml, 1.50 ± 0.35 h, and 44.70 ± 6.75%, respectively, following i.m. administration. In this study the time that plasma concentration exceed the concentration of 1 µg/ml was approximately 8 h. Therefore, florfenicol should be given twice daily at a dosage of 30 mg/kg b.w. to maintain therapeutic concentration. The pharmacokinetic profile of florfenicol in dogs reveals that it may be therapeutically useful against susceptible microorganisms involved in most common infections in dogs.

This study aimed to evaluate quantitative and morphometric analyses of preantral follicles and the ultrastructural characteristics of antral follicles in different oestrous cycle stages in Anatolian water buffaloes. Twenty-four ovaries collected from twelve slaughtered Anatolian water buffaloes were classified macroscopically as luteal or follicular stages. The ovaries were prepared for histological examination (Hematoxylin-eosin staining), and primordial, primary, and secondary follicle numbers were calculated, and the diameters of oocytes, follicles, and nuclei were measured under a light microscope with a micrometre. The theca and granulosa cells of antral follicles were observed under a transmission electron microscope. The mean number of preantral follicles was 18584 ± 4855, and there was a significant difference in the number of primordial follicles (p < 0.0001) and primary follicles (p < 0.001) between buffaloes. The number of primordial follicles was 10,636, that of primary follicles was 6514, and that of secondary follicles was 1434; the statistical difference was found between primordial, primary, and secondary follicle and oocyte diameters (p < 0.001) in Anatolian water buffaloes. In this study, the ultrastructural evaluation of antral follicles showed that the theca cells were active in the luteal stage with their functional organelles and higher lipid droplets. The granulosa cells were still inactive in the luteal stage. In the follicular stage of the oestrous cycle, the theca cells were found inactive, although granulosa cells showed moderate or high activity. It was found that the serum progesterone concentration and cycle stage directly affected the theca and granulosa cell ultrastructural activity in Anatolian water buffalo. In this research, information from light and electron microscopic analyses of preantral and antral follicles has been obtained for the first time for Anatolian water buffaloes. The result of our study suggests that detailed molecular research is needed to evaluate the ultrastructural activity of antral follicles in different oestrous cycle stages and steroidogenic circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of valve thrombosis, hemorrhagic complications, and offspring complications in patients with metallic prosthetic heart valve (MHV). Warfarin treatment is the best regimen against thromboembolic complications, but its use in the first trimester can result in embryopathy. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) does not cross the placenta and has some potential advantages. However, the pharmacokinetics of LMWHs change during pregnancy, and serial monitoring of anti-Xa levels is strongly recommended. Despite this recommendation, LMWH therapy in a fixed dose is still used in pregnant women with MHV without monitoring anti-Xa activity in clinical practice. We present three cases of MHV thrombosis occurring while on therapy with LMWH during pregnancy. One of these patients showed cerebrovascular event, one presented with pulmonary edema, and one underwent reoperation for MHV thrombosis.

Background: Vocal fold hyperplastic lesions are premalignant lesions that can be treated effectively by removal of the lesions surgically. Aims: The aim of this study was to discuss the success of surgery in patients with vocal fold hyperplastic lesions in terms of preserving vibratory function by comparing the preoperative and postoperative videolaryngostroboscopy findings. Study Design: The medical charts and videolaryngostroboscopic recordings of patients diagnosed with hyperplastic lesions on the vocal folds were reviewed retrospectively. Methods: Twenty seven patients with unilateral lesions who underwent type1 subepithelial cordectomy were enrolled in the study. The videolaryngostroboscopic recordings were evaluated by three raters who were not the operating surgeon and who were blinded to the histology of patients. To evaluate the videolaryngostroboscopic findings, a form, which is a modification of criteria described by Hirano and Bless, was used. Preoperative and 6th month postoperative videolaryngostroboscopic recordings were compared with each other and with recordings of the control group, which included 50 healthy volunteers. Results: All videolaryngostroboscopic findings, except false cord vibration, were significantly improved after surgery. Conclusion: The principle of vocal fold surgery in patients with benign lesions is to preserve the vibratory tissue. This principle also applies to patients with hyperplastic lesions that are premalignant. The hydrodissection technique may be beneficial for this purpose.

In the current study, intracellular (neutrophil and monocyte) concentrations of free and liposome encapsulated ampicillin in sheep were investigated. Free ampicillin (5 mg/kg b.w.) and liposome encapsulated ampicillin (5 mg/kg b.w.) were administered as a bolus intravenous injection to sheep. After the injections, blood samples (5 ml) were collected into tubes from v. jugularis at 10, 30, 60 minutes and 2, 4 and 8 hours. Neutrophils and monocytes were isolated, and lysed in distilled water. Ampicillin concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The results indicate that liposome encapsulated ampicillin caused the higher intracellular concentrations within neutrophil (ratio of liposome encapsulated ampicillin/free ampicillin; from 1.393 to 5.416) and monocyte (ratio of liposome encapsulated ampicillin/free ampicillin; from 0.973 to 2.906) cells than free ampicillin, and liposome encapsulated ampicillin existed a longer length of time within neutrophil (4 hours) and monocyte (4 hours) cells than free ampicillin (60 minutes), as well. This formulation may be beneficial, in that the treatment of intracellular infections are caused by sensitive bacteria.

The amelioration of aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens was examined by feeding two concentrations of yeast component (esterified glucomannan; EG). EG, incorporated into the diet at 0.5 and 1 g/kg, was evaluated for its ability to reduce the detrimental effects of 2 mg total aflatoxin (AF; 82.72% AFB1, 5.50% AFB2, 10.20% AFG1 and 1.58% AFG2) in diet on growing broiler chicks from 1 to 21 d of age. A total of 240 male broiler chicks (Ross-308) were divided into 6 treatment groups [control, AF, EG (0.5 g/kg), AF plus EG (0.5 g/kg), EG (1 g/kg), and AF plus EG (1 g/kg)]. Compared to the control, AF treatment significantly decreased body weight gain from week 2 onwards. AF treatment also caused significant decreases in serum total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, inorganic phosphorus, creatinine levels and alanine-aminotransferase (ALAT) activity but increased the aspartate-aminotransferase (ASAT) activity. Red blood cell, haematocrit, haemoglobin, thrombocyte, and lymphocyte counts and tibial crude ash levels were significantly reduced by AF treatment, while significant increases were seen in heterophil counts. The addition of EG (1 g/kg) to an AF-containing diet significantly improved the adverse effects of AF on haematological parameters, total protein, albumin values and ASAT activity. EG (1 g/kg) also partially improved body weight gains (59%) and the other biochemical parameters influenced by AF treatment. The addition of EG (both 0.5 and 1 g/kg) to the AF-free diet did not cause any considerable changes in the investigated values. These results clearly indicated that EG (1 g/kg) addition effectively diminished the adverse effects of AF on the investigated values. Also, the higher dietary concentration of EG (1 g/kg) was found more effective than the lower concentration (0.5 g/kg) against the adverse effects of AF on the variables investigated in this study.

IntroductionHeart failure is a major cardiovascular health problem. Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of congestive heart failure (CHF) [1]. Cardiac transplantation remains the most effective long-term treatment option, however is limited primarily by donor availability, rejection and infections. Mechanical circulatory support has its own indications and limitations [2]. Therefore, there is a need to develop more effective therapeutic strategies.Recently, regenerative medicine has received considerable scientific attention in the cardiovascular arena. We report here our experience demonstrating the beneficial effects of cardiac stem cell therapy on left ventricular functions in a patient with Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) who developed CHF due to ischemic heart disease during the course of lymphoma treatment. Case reportA 58-year-old male with relapsed HL was referred to our bone marrow transplantation unit in October 2009. He was given 8 courses of combination chemotherapy with doxorubicin, bleomycin, vincristine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) between June 2008 and February 2009 and achieved complete remission. However, his disease relapsed 3 months after completing the last cycle of ABVD and he was decided to be treated with DHAP (cisplatin, cytarabine, dexamethasone) followed autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT). After the completion of first course of DHAP regimen, he developed acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was performed. After his cardiac function stabilized, 3 additional courses of DHAP were given and he was referred to our centre for consideration of autologous SCT. Computed tomography scans obtained after chemotherapy confirmed complete remission. Stem cells were collected from peripheral blood after mobilization with 10 µg/kg/day granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) subcutaneously. Collection was started on the fifth day of G-CSF and performed for 3 consecutive days. Flow cytometric analysis of CD 34 was used to identify hematopoietic stem cells. During the last evaluation before stem cell transplantation, conventional echocardiogram (ECHO) revealed left ventricular systolic dysfunction with an ejection fraction of ALEF: 44%, MODEF: 45%, MUGA scan showed a decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF: 43%) (Figure 1). In view of these findings, the patient was found ineligible for SCT and he was offered to give his peripheral blood stem cells for the treatment of heart failure. After receiving the patient’s signed informed consent form, a total number of 3.49x106/kg CD 34+ cells were infused via antecubital vein. Echocardiographic studies performed 2 months after stem cell therapy revealed a similar ejection fraction rate while a significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (ALEF: 55%, MODEF: 57%) was noticed in ECHO performed 7 months after stem cell therapy (Figure 2).EF values at various time periods are shown on Table 1. Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy was also performed and showed infarction containing viable tissue in inferior wall (Figure 3). Myocardial positron emission tomography revealed that glucose metabolism was conserved in inferior wall.HL was in complete remission in the 2 months follow up after SCT but SCT for HL was not contemplated because renal failure due to chemotherapy developed later. Discussion Here, we reported a patient with HL who was ineligible for SCT because of low LVEF due to AMI. LVEF was low despite CABG. Collected stem cells were used as a stem cell therapy for heart failure since he was ineligible for SCT directed to treat HL. Although intravenous infusion of stem/progenitor cells are not favoured any more and intracoronary infusion or intramyocardial injections are preferred in latest reports [3] our data supports this route can still be effective. The objective of stem cell therapy in CHF due to ischemic heart disease is to repopulate post-infarction scar tissue with contractile cells that can engraft in sufficient numbers to differentiate to the cardiac myocytes and restore functionality in these akinetic areas. Hematopoietic stem cells consist can differentiate to skeletal and myocardial cells when cultured under appropriate conditions [4]. Strauer et al [5] reported that intracoronary bone marrow stem cell therapy improves ventricular performance, quality of life and survival in patients with chronic heart failure. Hamano et al [6] showed in 5 patients that autologous bone marrow cells can be injected safely during a by-pass operation into areas of ischemic myocardium. Brehm et al [7] have treated 23 patients with acute cardiac infarction using autologous mononuclear bone marrow cells. Ozbaran et al [8] transplanted peripheral blood stem cells into areas of injury with open-heart surgery in six patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. There are also meta-analysis on ongoing clinical trials performed. Abdel-Latif et al [9] described a statistically significant improvement in ejection fraction, reduction in infarct size and left ventricular end-systolic volume in 18 patients treated with either unseparated bone marrow cells, bone marrow mesenchymal and mobilized peripheral blood cells. Martin-Rendon et al ­­ focused on 13 randomized studies encompassing 811 participants on bone marrow therapy for post acute infarction. Improvement in LVEF, decrease in left ventricular and systolic and end diastolic volumes and infarct size were observed. The reason for choice of intravenous route was being the standard way of giving hematopoietic stem cells by hematologists. We tried to decide the availibility of this route for indications other than hematological diseases. Although trapping of stem cells in the pulmonary vascular bed is a drawback of intravenous route and the question of whether the patient would have been more benefited by intracoronary or intramyocardial route remains unanswered, we think intravenous route may still have some role according to our own experience from this patient. ConclusionStudies in the era of cardiac stem cell therapy are heterogenous. It is not yet possible to comment on the most appropriate stem cell type and route of administration. When we assess the results from literature and the improvement in our own patient we think stem cell therapy can be an option for bridging to heart transplantation or an adjuvant therapy for CHF.References1.Ohnishi S, Ohgushi H, Kitamura S, Nagaya N. Mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of heart failure. Int J Hematol 2007; 86: 17-21.2.Bukharovich IF, Kukin M. Optimal medical therapy for heart failure. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2006; 48: 372-385.3.Tongers J, Losordo DW, Landmesser U. Stem and progenitor cell-based therapy in ischaemic heart disease: promise, uncertainties and challenges. Eur Heart J 2011. Epub ahead of print.4.Krause DS, Theise ND, Collector MI, Henegariu O, Hwang S, Gardner R, Neutzel S, Sharkis SJ. Multi-organ, multi-lineage engraftment by a single bone marrow-derived stem cell. Cell 2001; 105:369-377.5.Strauer BE, Yousef M, Schannwell CM. the acute and long term effects of intracoronary stem cell transplantation in 191 patients with chronic heart failure: the STAR-heart study. Eur J Heart Fail 2010; 12:721-729.6.Hamano K, Nishida M, Mirata K, Mikarno A, Li TS, Harada M, Miura T, Matsuzaki M, Esato K. Local implantation of autologous bone marrow cells for therapeutic angiogenesis in patients with ishemic heart disease: clinical trial and preliminary results Jpn Circ J. 2001; 65:845-847.7.Brehm M, Zeus T, Strauer BE. Stem cells-clinical application and perspectives. Herz 2002; 27:611-620.8.Ozbaran M, Omay SB, Nalbantgil S, Kultursay H, Kumanlioglu K, Nart D, Pektok E. Autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation in patients with congestive heart failure due to ischemic heart disease. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2004; 25:342-350.9.Abdel-Latif A, Bolli R, Tleyjeh IM, Montori VM, Perin EC, Hornung CA, Zuba-Surma EK, Al-Mallah M, Dawn B. Adult bone marrow derived cells for cardiac repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2007; 167:989-997.10.Martin-Rendon E, Brunskill S, Doree C, Hyde C, Watt S, Mathur A, Stanworth S. Stem cell treatment for acute myocardial infarction. Cochrane database Syst Rev 2008; CD006536.

Copyright of Online Turkish Journal of Health Sciences (OTJHS) / Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Oguz KARABAY and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)