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The paper will attempt to look into the significant characteristics of the Rabha society and their social movement in North Bengal . It may be mentioned that a growing interest in recent times is discernible among a number of scholar, historian for writing history about Rabha tribes .Rabha is a little known ,scheduled tribe community of West Bengal,Assam and Megalaya. The language /dialect spoken by the Rabha people is also the same name. In West Bengal ,Rabha people mainly live in Jalpaiguri district and Cooch Beher district . Moreover almost 70 percent of them live Jalpaiguri. In Assam, the Rabha live mostly in Goalpara and Kamrup district.The whole area of Eastern and Western Dooars ,may be termed as the cradle land of the Rabhas. The Rabhas belong to the Indo-mongoloid group of people and have similarities with other members of Bodo group such as Garos, kachari, mech, hajong and others. The traditional economy of the Rabhas in general is based on agriculture, forest based activities and weaving. In the past, the Rabhas used to practice shifting cultivation. The Rabha society was matriarchal. By birth they used to obtain the ‘gotra’ of their mother. The Rabha Community previously believed in animism. But now they are intermingled with Hinduism. In the first half of the 20 th century the movement started among the Rabhas in North Bengal for upgrading their position ‘to get equal social rank as that of the Hindu caste like the Rajbansis. The act of negligence created resentment among the Rabhas. Actually the Rabha community is politically and socioeconomically suppressed and is perhaps considered to be the most backward tribal group in North Bengal as well as North-East India lacking proper socio-economic development as well as proper representation and so on ,which requires very sympathetic attention in the existing sociopolitical set up.