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Functional molecules have been attracting increasing attention in environmental and physiological studies. In particular, folic acid (FA) could be considered a key factor in estimating, adjusting, and making decisions in the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders. It promotes the general significance and conceptual for considering FA molecular scientific research detections, which implies related advancement in both of biological structure and detection methods. Among these applications, the FA molecule acts as a coenzyme that incorporates carbon atoms and synthesizes purines and pyrimidines. Therefore, the calibration method has real applications and can be used as a sensing platform and for detection approaches, which conveys the internal relationship between the FA molecule and physiological characterization. This mini review briefly discusses multiple FA application fields and detection pathways and could supplement their utilization in anticipation of the onset of disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A methodology is presented to find either implicit or explicit relations, called syzygies, between invariants in a minimal integrity basis for n symmetric second-order tensors defined on a three-dimensional euclidean space. The methodology i) yields explicit non-polynomial expressions for certain invariants in terms of the remaining invariants in the integrity basis and ii) allows the construction of the implicit relations. The results of this investigation are important in modeling biological structures, which, in general, are non-homogeneous and made of anisotropic viscoelastic materials that are subjected to large deformations and are modeled through constitutive relations that depend on symmetric tensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biofabrication is crucial in contemporary tissue engineering. The primary challenge in biofabrication lies in achieving simultaneous replication of both external organ geometries and internal structures. Particularly for organs with high oxygen demand, the incorporation of a vascular network, which is usually intricate, is crucial to enhance tissue viability, which is still a difficulty in current biofabrication technology. In this study, we address this problem by introducing an innovative three-dimensional (3D) printing strategy using a thermo-reversible supporting bath which can be easily removed by decreasing the temperature. This technology is capable of printing hydrated materials with diverse crosslinked mechanisms, encompassing gelatin, hyaluronate, Pluronic F-127, and alginate. Furthermore, the technology can replicate the external geometry of native tissues and organs from computed tomography data. The work also demonstrates the capability to print lines around 10 μm with a nozzle with a diameter of 60 μm due to the extra force exerted by the supporting bath, by which the line size was largely reduced, and this technique can be used to fabricate intricate capillary networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reuse and development of natural waste resources is a hotspots and challenges in the research of new fiber materials and the resolution of environmental concern globally. Herein, this study aimed to develop a simple and direct manual extraction process to extract Musa core fibers (MCFs) for rapid water conduction and evaporation. Through simple processes such as ring cutting and stretching, this green and non-destructive inside-out extraction strategy enabled Musa fibers to be naturally and harmlessly degummed from natural Musa stems, with good maintenance of the fiber structure and highly helical morphology. The extracted fibers are composed of regularly and closely arranged cellulose nanofibrils in the shape of ribbon spirally arranged multi-filaments, and the single filament is about 2.65 μm. The high-purity fibers exhibit ultra-high tensile strength under a non-destructive extraction process, and the ultimate tensile strength in dry state is as high as 742.95 MPa. The tensile strength is affected by the number of fiber bundles, which shows that tensile strength and tensile modulus is higher than those of vascular bundle fibers in dry or wet condition. In addition, the MCFs membrane indicates good water conductivity, with a water absorption height of 50 mm for the sample in only 60 s. Moreover, the water evaporation rate of MCFs reaches 1.37 kg m−2 h−1 in 30 min, which shows that MCFs have excellent water conductivity and evaporation rate compared with ordinary cotton fibers. These results indicate that MCFs have great potential in replacing the use of chemical methods to extract fibers from vascular bundles, providing an effective way to achieve sustainability in quick-drying applications, as well as in the sustainable development of natural waste resources. [Display omitted] • A new natural fiber is directly extracted by sustainable strategy for the first time. • The extracted fiber keeps high helix, less impurities and less damage. • It has good performance of water transport, water evaporation and water treatment. • The high-purity fibers prepared by the method exhibit ultra-high tensile strength. • The strategy has great potential in replacing chemical extraction of natural fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humans have long been fascinated by the mysteries surrounding fish migrations and addressing these complex behaviors often requires large data sets. Biogeochemical tags, including trace elements and stable isotopes, are the most accessible biomarkers for tracking fish migrations. However, access to standardized biogeochemical tag data is rarely available for migratory fish, which limits our understanding of the evolutionary origins, drivers, timing, and corridors of migration. This precludes the development of conservation strategies and the implementation of management actions. Here, we present MFishBT, a global, open‐access database of Migratory Fish's Biogeochemical Tags. As of April 2023, the MFishBT contains biogeochemical records from 1,305 studies, of which 53% used element‐to‐calcium (E/Ca) ratios, 34% used isotopic ratios, and 13% used both. The database covers 17,413 field sampling locations (inland 47% vs. marine 53%) around the globe, comprising 490 migratory fish species of four classes, 44 orders/suborders, and 137 families. In total, 77 trace elements and 11 isotope systems were measured across various fish biological archives, including otoliths, scales, eye lenses, and vertebrae. E/Ca ratios were examined more frequently than isotopic ratios, led by Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca, Ba/Ca, and 87Sr/86Sr, δ13C, and δ18O. The MFishBT compiles 27,030, 16,222, and 2,481,714 records with biogeochemical data detected in the core, edge, and core‐to‐edge transects for biological archives of migratory fish. This is the most globally comprehensive open‐access database on biogeochemical tags in migratory fish to date, and can serve a variety of needs in scientific research, conservation, and management. We encourage researchers to add more data sets to this database in the future. This database is released for noncommercial use only. There are no copyright restrictions, and please cite this paper when using these data, or a subset of these data, for publication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using cerium zirconium solid solution catalyst to degrade methyl orange is one of the most promising methods at present and the development of catalysts with biological structure is of great significance. In this paper, cerium zirconium solid solution with biological structure was synthesized with wood fiber as biological template. By scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） and uv-vis spectrophotometer, the surface and composition information, crystal structure, internal binding energy standard and photocatalytic degradation rate of methyl orange of cerium zirconium solid solution samples with hierarchical biological morphology were characterized. The results show that the new catalyst has a larger specific surface area than the untemplated cerium zirconium solid solution, which can greatly enhance the degradation rate of macromolecular pollutants in water, and finally realize the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants such as methyl orange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional molecules have been attracting increasing attention in environmental and physiological studies. In particular, folic acid (FA) could be considered a key factor in estimating, adjusting, and making decisions in the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders. It promotes the general significance and conceptual for considering FA molecular scientific research detections, which implies related advancement in both of biological structure and detection methods. Among these applications, the FA molecule acts as a coenzyme that incorporates carbon atoms and synthesizes purines and pyrimidines. Therefore, the calibration method has real applications and can be used as a sensing platform and for detection approaches, which conveys the internal relationship between the FA molecule and physiological characterization. This mini review briefly discusses multiple FA application fields and detection pathways and could supplement their utilization in anticipation of the onset of disease., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Zhou, Wang, Fan, Zhao and Wang.)

Nowadays, with the advances in microscopic imaging, accurate classification of bioimage-based protein subcellular location pattern has attracted as much attention as ever. One of the basic challenging problems is how to select the useful feature components among thousands of potential features to describe the images. This is not an easy task especially considering there is a high ratio of multi-location proteins. Existing feature selection methods seldom take the correlation among different cellular compartments into consideration, and thus may miss some features that will be co-important for several subcellular locations. To deal with this problem, we make use of the important structural correlation among different cellular compartments and propose an organelle structural correlation regularized feature selection method CSF (Common-Sets of Features) in this paper. We formulate the multi-label classification problem by adopting a group-sparsity regularizer to select common subsets of relevant features from different cellular compartments. In addition, we also add a cell structural correlation regularized Laplacian term, which utilizes the prior biological structural information to capture the intrinsic dependency among different cellular compartments. The CSF provides a new feature selection strategy for multi-label bio-image subcellular pattern classifications, and the experimental results also show its superiority when comparing with several existing algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stock and biological structure of rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax dentex in the water bodies of Kamchatka are considered. In total, 14,156 individuals are analyzed in 2005-2013; age is determined for 11,954 of them. The stock is assessed by bottom trawl and Danish seine surveys in the shelf zone of Kamchatka (13 surveys in 2005-2013). State of the stock is evaluated as good, in general, but some unbalance between its northern and southern parts is noted in recent years: the former one grows and its state is very good recently but the latter one has a tendency to decrease though its state is still satisfactory. Dynamics of the major biological parameters of smelt, as sex ratio, body size and weight, and age structure, indicate also some features of its southern sub-stock degradation, as size and weight decreasing and lowering the age in catches. In particular, these changes are clear in the Petropavlovsk-Commander fishery district, where they are presumably caused by large-scale unregulated sport and amateur fisheries with the summary annual landing about 1-2 thousand tons of rainbow smelt that is comparable with its commercial withdrawal. These activities affect mostly on immature fish that destruct the whole stock of rainbow smelt.

The marine acid polysaccharide fucoidan has attracted attention from both the food and pharmaceutical industries due to its promising therapeutic effects. Fucoidan is a polysaccharide that mainly consists of L-fucose and sulphate groups. Its excellent biological function is attributed to its unique biological structure. Classical activities include antitumor, antioxidant, anticoagulant, antithrombotic, immunoregulatory, antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects. More recently, fucoidan has been shown to alleviate metabolic syndrome, protect the gastrointestinal tract, benefit angiogenesis and bone health. This review focuses on the progress in our understanding of the biological activities of fucoidan, highlighting its benefits for the treatment of human disease. We hope that this review can provide some theoretical basis and inspiration for the product development of fucoidan.

Fabrication of hydrophobic composite resin for enhancing oil-water or organic solvents-water separation applications has become increasingly attractive due to increasing industrial/domestic oily waste water and frequent oil accidents. In this work, firstly, carbonized pollen grain (PG) containing biological structure was prepared with rapeseed flower by the removing impurities, dehydration and calcinations. The morphologies of the synthesized PG show that they are ellipsoidal and hollow particles with length of ca. 30 μm, and pollen shell has a uniform network structure with an average pore size of 1.5 μm. Cross-sectional image of PG shows a palisade-like shell with the thickness of about 1 μm and vast pore canals. Outstanding BET surface area (379.98 m 2 g −1 ) is achieved. Secondly, hydrophobic pollen grain (HPG) was prepared with PG by the surface activation and vinyltriethoxysilane (A151) modification under microwave-treated technique. The static contact angle for deionized water on HPG is 132°, indicating its excellent hydrophobic nature. Furthermore, a series of 3D hydrophobic composite resins (HCR) network decorated with different HPG content were prepared by the method of suspension polymerization under microwave conditions and benzoperoxide as initiator. Enhancing absorption capacities of 16.8 and 58.8 g g −1 to oils and organic solvents, respectively, are achieved. Pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion kinetic models were employed for the corresponding organic solvents and oil absorption. This work represents a low cost, clean, and efficient route to prepare hydrophobic composite resin for absorption of oils and organic solvents with high performance, including absorption capacity, excellent selective separation performance on immiscible oil-water mixtures, good structural stability and reusability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop a graph model to describe the vast range of patterns observed in biological structures. For any given number of spotty patterns, a finite number of structures (optimal graphs) is precisely described. The construction of the optimal graphs is based on the minimization of the diffusion dissipation energy. The notion of geometrical stability of structures is introduced. It is demonstrated that the hexagonal array is stable and the square array is not. This explains the reason why the hexagonal array appears more frequently in practice than the square one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]