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Background: Biological feedback is increasingly being used as a behavior change technique within personalized health interventions. One form of biological feedback that has recently become more accessible is continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), which can be used to provide individuals with insights on the impact of various behaviors (e.g., diet, physical activity) on glucose levels. Nevertheless, there is little guidance on how CGM is implemented within interventions that address health behaviors. Objectives: The objectives of this scoping review are to (1) identify the populations where CGM has been used as a behavior change tool, and (2) characterize how CGM is implemented within interventions to address behavior. Methods: A search strategy was developed to capture studies incorporating the use of CGM-based biological feedback to promote health behavior change. The search was implemented within the following electronic databases: Elsevier Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EBSCOhost PsycINFO, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. Additional studies were captured by examining the bibliographies of relevant reviews. Two trained reviewers used DistillerSR® (Evidence Partners; Ottawa, Canada) to screen studies for eligibility and extract data. Eligible studies were primary analyses of randomized controlled trials conducted in humans ≥18 years that included CGM-based biological feedback to promote behavior change as part of the intervention. Data extracted from eligible articles were focused on the methodology used to implement the intervention and control group (e.g., duration of CGM wear, format and frequency of feedback, etc.). Results: Database searches were completed in November 2022, and citation searching was completed in January 2023. A total of 837 abstracts were screened after the removal of 326 duplicates. Data from 24 included articles was extracted and is currently being analyzed. The scoping review is planned for completion in 2023. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this will be the first scoping review to describe the characteristics of how CGM is being used within interventions promoting behavior change. Results can be used to guide the design and implementation of future interventions incorporating the use of CGM-based biological feedback aimed at addressing health behaviors.

In Europe, large rivers have been greatly impacted by engineering and hydraulic works. The Upper Rhine channelization has notably led to a disconnection between the main channel and its floodplain and side channels. Between 1998 and 2006, unprecedented restoration projects led to the reconnection of nine Rhine side channels to the main channel or the Rhine Drainage Canal. The structures of recolonizing macroinvertebrate communities observed in the restored side channels, either in 2009 or 2010, were compared to the ones of three reference side channels. The aims of the study were (i) to analyze the recolonizing macroinvertebrate communities and (ii) to identify the drivers of the community structure. The restored side channels exhibited macroinvertebrate community structures similar to those of the reference side channels. These communities were characterized by a high abundance of nonnative and invasive taxa and a structure not linked to either the time since restoration or the water and sediment chemistry. Significant correlations existed between the macroinvertebrate community structures and the mosaics of habitats, driven by the variations in side channel morphometry and discharge. Therefore, the diversity of habitat characteristics of the side channels might help conserve and increase macroinvertebrate biodiversity at the floodplain scale.

The article provides an overview of scientific works devoted to methods of correcting the development of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) based on EEG biofeedback (neurofeedback). According to the World Health Organization, one in 160 children are currently diagnosed with ASD. In 2018, about 0.1 % of the child population in Russia suffered from autism. Moreover, the incidence of the disease is increasing every year. Genetic disorders are the most likely cause of ASD. Dysfunctions of 69 genes are highly likely to cause ASD. Most of these genes are pleiotropic. They affect the proliferation, differentiation and migration of nerve cells, the growth of axons and synaptogenesis, the synthesis of neurotransmitters and the development of receptors for them. Several genes involved in the development of ASD undergo epigenetic modifications under the influence of the environment and pathogens. The key in the onset of ASD is probably a violation of the synaptic pruning process. Pruning is necessary to reduce redundant connections and improve the efficiency of the central nervous system. Based on this, the researchers put forward a hypothesis explaining the symptoms of ASD as a result of a violation of structural and functional brain connectivity. Such disturbances are likely to cause abnormalities in the functioning of the brain mirror system (BMS). Disorders of the synaptic organization of the brain correlate with indicators of cognitive, emotional and behavioral tests, EEG characteristics. The study of phase coherence in several EEG frequency ranges demonstrated the presence of global hypo- and local hyper-connectivity in patients with ASD. The absence of suppression or desynchronization of the mu rhythm may indicate a malfunction of the BMS. The child’s brain is highly plastic. Therefore, early corrective intervention can improve the developmental outcomes of a child with ASD. Modern research demonstrates the possibility of effective application of neurofeedback for the correction of the disease. One of the strategies is the use of neurofeedback trainings to reduce anxiety in children with ASD. Another strategy is aimed at regulating the coherence of EEG signals. Researchers consider the most promising strategy for learning mu rhythm modulation using neurofeedback. This neurofeedback protocol affects the functioning of the BMS. According to the research results, after the neurofeedback trainings, the normalization of the functional cerebral connectivity according to the mu rhythm was established. Further research in this direction can become the basis for the most effective methods of treating ASD.

The article experimentally justifies the effectiveness of the biological feedback simulator «Blazepod» to improve the speed of disjunctive and differentiated responses, which condition the effectiveness of unannounced and deliberately impromptu combat in sporting fights. It shows the desirability of preferentially using special exercises, simulating combat situations with selection and switching reactions.

The article considers the peculiarities of the use of kinesiology methods in the program of measures of psychological rehabilitation of participants in hostilities. In the course of psychological rehabilitation of anti-terrorist operation veterans we applied methods of the following directions of kinesiology: “ Touch for Health ”; “ HYPERTON Х”; “ One Brain / Three in one Concepts ”; RESET ( Rafferty Energy System of Easing the Temporomandibular Joint ). The main purpose of the study was to analyze the features of psychological rehabilitation of ATO veterans through the methods of kinesiology and to determine the effectiveness of the applied program of work with veterans. The actualization of the rapid and long-term psychological recovery of a participant in hostilities prompted us to look for methods that would give appropriate results. To overcome the consequences of combat trauma after the timely provision of primary psychological assistance to the serviceman must undergo a long process of psychological rehabilitation with the involvement of a psychotherapist, and such a process can be delayed for a long time. We have chosen the methods of kinesiology as those that give fast and long-term positive results in working with participants in hostilities. Moreover, the frequency of meetings with a kinesiologist 1-2 times a month for 3-4 months. The session lasts from 40 minutes to two hours (depending on the veteran's requests). Muscle testing (also known as biological feedback or manual muscle testing) has traditionally been used for kinesiology to work effectively with veteran s . After determining the "purity of the muscle", we assess the state of the body in accordance with the signal (alarm) points of the body and carry out in accordance with muscle testing correction or in accordance with methods: Healing touch or HYPERTON X. If the veteran reports barotrauma, or frequent major pains before carrying out the general correction we carry out correction of a temporomandibular joint through RESET methods and only then we start the general correction. Inclusion in the program of psychological rehabilitation of kinesiological practices significantly reduces the recovery time of veterans, helps to better absorb the psychotherapeutic effects of psychotherapists, promotes faster recovery of servicemen who were treated after injuries. We see prospects for further research in the processing of data of psychological and psychophysiological test methods, which will confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of kinesiological methods in the psychological rehabilitation of veterans.

Aim. The paper aims to study the dynamics of balance and coordination development through training with biofeedback. Material and methods. The Voronezh state institute students involved in shooting (n = 6) and swimming (n = 6) took part in the experiment. The mean age of participants was 19.5 ± 1.5 years. A one-month training was conducted with the use of 2 stabilographic simulators, namely Hunting and Stand shooting. Results. The results obtained in Stand shooting and Hunting simulators demonstrated an increase in points in both groups. However, in the group of shooters, the increase was statistically significant. An intergroup comparison at the end of the experiment was also statistically significant, which indicates a significantly greater improvement in the effectiveness of shooters. When assessing spectral indicators, a statistically significant improvement in the performance of shooters was revealed, which confirmed an increase in unconscious oscillations by 33.7 % along the frontal plane; as well as a decrease in oscillations associated with human physiology (heartbeat, respiration) by 75.4 % in the frontal plane and by 89 % in the sagittal plane. The intergroup comparison of data has statistically significant differences, which indicates the best effect of BFB training on the ability of shooters to control conscious and unconscious movements for maintaining frontal balance and sagittal oscillations associated with human physiology. Conclusion. As a result of the experiment, a positive effect of stabilometric simulators with biofeedback was revealed in terms of improving stability, coordination and the ability to control the center of pressure through the control of physiological processes that affect the shooting stance. Performance in the group of shooters was higher than in the group of swimmers

The article discusses the problem of the formation of speech breathing in preschool children with an erased form of dysarthria using the biological feedback method. In children suffering from speech impairment, the work of the respiratory system is not normal. Disorders of prosody supplement violations of the sound-producing side of speech. As a result, in children, including the ones with dysarthria, speech becomes unclear and slurred. The theoretical part of the study considers the specificity of the prosodic side of speech in children with an erased form of dysarthria from the point of view of various researchers. The problem of dependence between the prosodic side of speech and the severity of a speech defect is considered. The practical part of the study reveals the content of the organisation of the empirical study on the formation of diaphragmatic relaxation breathing using a hardware-diagnostic complex “BF” (Biological Feedback). It has been established that the biological feedback method contributes to the formation of diaphragmatic-relaxation breathing in preschool children with an erased form of dysarthria. In pre-schoolers, suffering from erased dysarthria and having a history of attention deficit hyperactivity syndrome, the process of formation of diaphragmatic relaxation breathing becomes more complicated.

Objective. The study deals the influence of different biofeedback (BFB) depth for support reaction on the performance of a short course (3 sessions) for a motor-cognitive training of static and dynamic types in the rehabilitation of patients after a radical mastectomy. Subjects and methods. 21 patients between the ages of 40 and 74 years after radical mastectomy for breast cancer (BC) were examined and performed rehabilitation with the BFB depth for support reaction with a change normal sensitiveness of the force platform by 15, 30, 45 and 60 %. The 1st group included aged 40–54 patients, and the 2nd group included aged 57–74 patients. Results and conclusion. It was found that after 3 courses of the motor-cognitive training of dynamic type (“Lights”), conditionally “younger” patients showed an increase of their results from the fi rst to the third session in all four variants of the changing BFB depth (15, 30, 45, 60 %) from the normal sensitiveness of the force platform. These results weren’t found in dynamics in the 2nd group of patients. Data from static training (“Target”) shows that changing of the BFB depth in the range from 15 to 60 % don’t affect the results of exercises in both groups throughout 3 sessions. These types of training for older patients weren’t as effective as for younger patients over such a short period. Probably, these results of dynamic training depend on multitasking and learning difficulties. The obtained results should be taken into account when a training plan will be drowned up because the incorrect selection of the BFB depth and the short period of medical rehabilitation will reduce the eff ect of training.

The article presents research data on the features of the use of stable platforms with biological feedback in various socially significant diseases.

In the paper issues of brain-computer interface applications in assistive technologies are considered in particular for robotic devices control. Noninvasive brain-computer interfaces are built based on the classification of electroencephalographic signals, which show bioelectrical activity in different zones of the brain. Such brain-computer interfaces after training are able to decode electroencephalographic patterns corresponding to different imaginary movements and patterns corresponding to different audio-visual stimulus. The requirements which must be met by brain-computer interfaces operating in real time, so that biological feedback is effective and the user's brain can correctly associate responses with events are formulated. The process of electroencephalographic signal processing in noninvasive brain-computer interface is examined including spatial and temporal filtering, artifact removal, feature selection, and classification. Descriptions and comparison of classifiers based on support vector machines, artificial neural networks, and Riemann geometry are presented. It was shown that such classifiers can provide accuracy at the level of 60-80% for recognition of imaginary movements from two to four classes. Examples of application of the classifiers to control robotic devices were presented. The approach is intended both to help healthy users to perform daily functions better and to increase the quality of life of people with movement disabilities. Tasks to increase the efficiency of technology application are formulated.

Turchin N. I. Rehabilitation measures can restore postural balance in osteosarcopenia. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2020;10(3):287-294. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2020.10.03.030 https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2020.10.03.030 https://zenodo.org/record/4469262 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2020; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 09.03.2020. Revised: 18.03.2020. Accepted: 31.03.2020. REHABILITATION MEASURES СAN RESTORE POSTURAL BALANCE IN OSTEOSARCOPENIA N. I. Turchin Odessa National Medical University, Ukraine Abstract Imbalance (or postural balance, postural instability), is one of the most common complaints of osteosarcopenia patients. The aim of the work is to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of using modern computerized HUBER systems with biological feedback function in the restoration of postural balance in osteosarcopenia. Material and methods. 40 osteosarcopenia women aged 56.7 ± 2.3 years have been examined. The methods used: X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), HUBER platform; balancing platform hemisphere “OsportBosu” without biofeedback function; complex "Insight TM", Algometry; ROM, inclinometry; EMG; thermography; heart rate variability. The results of the treatment performed showed an increase in the parameters under study in all observation groups. Conclusions. Rehabilitation measures with the use of apparatus biofeedback treatment are a highly effective method in the medical maintenance and prevention of postural disorders in patients with osteosarcopenia and other disorders. Key words: rehabilitation; postural balance; osteosarcopenia; HUBER system.

Objective The aim: The current study aimed to examine the possibility of correction of the psychophysiological state of the undergraduate students by diaphragmatic breathing sessions in the biological feedback mode utilizing heart rate variability. Patients and methods Materials and methods: The study enrolled 86 students 18 to 20 years old. Assessment of the functional state of the ANS was performed bycardiointervalography (CIG) and analysis of the spectral indices of HRV by the hardware-software complex "Cardiolab" (КAI Medica, Ukraine). A complex assessment of the autonomic homeostasis was performed using IARS calculated by a special algorithm. Assessment of the psychophysiological state of students was performed by questionnaires. Results Results: Among the examined population, 45% of students were in the state of satisfactory adaptation, 43% - in the state of functional tension, and 12% - in the state of unsatisfactory adaptation. Students with poor level of adaptation and depletion of regulatory mechanisms had higher heart rate, systolic and diastolic pressure, and RR compared to the students in the state of satisfactory and strained adaptation. Conclusion Conclusions: The findings suggest that the average intensity of psychosomatic complaints has significant differences between groups with varying degrees of tension of regulatory mechanisms.

Background Many health conditions can be prevented, managed, or improved through behavioral interventions. As a component of health behavior change interventions, biological feedback is of particular interest given recent advances in wearable biosensing technology, digital health apps, and personalized health and wellness. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of literature to guide the design and implementation of interventions that incorporate biological feedback to motivate health behavior change. Objective The goal of this scoping review is to deeply explore the use of biological feedback as a component of health behavior change interventions that target adults. The objectives of the review include (1) mapping the domains of research that incorporate biological feedback and (2) describing the operational characteristics of using biological feedback in the context of health behavior change. Methods A comprehensive list of search terms was developed to capture studies from a wide range of domains. The studies to be included are randomized controlled trials published as primary research articles, theses, or dissertations targeting adults 18 years and older, who use biological feedback to change a health-related behavior. The following electronic databases were searched: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EBSCOhost, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. The screening and data extraction process will be guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis and conducted by trained reviewers. Results Database searches were completed in June 2021. A total of 50,459 unique records were returned after the removal of 48,634 duplicate records. The scoping review is planned for completion in 2022. Conclusions To our knowledge, this will be the first scoping review to map the literature that uses biological feedback as a component of health behavior change interventions targeting adults. The findings will be used to develop a framework to guide the design and implementation of future health behavior change interventions that incorporate biological feedback. Trial Registration OSF Registries OSF.IO/YP5WA; https://osf.io/yp5wa International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/32579

На различных этапах развития и воспитания детей возникают психоэмоциональные трудности, которые создают предпосылки для нарушения развития личности ребёнка. В статье рассматриваются особенности психической адаптации в процессе обучения детей, подростков и юношей. Изучена эффективность социально-психологического тренинга, биологической обратной связи и песочной терапии у учащихся разного школьного возраста. По согласованию с родителями в исследовании приняли участие 580 детей и подростков Магаданской области в возрасте от 7 до 18 лет. Результаты проведённого анализа показали, что навык формирования самоконтроля у ребёнка приводит к организации его внимания, увеличению темпа и улучшению качества выполненной работы. По завершению психокоррекционной работы у младших школьников с высоким уровнем тревожности происходит значимое снижение тревожности по разным блокам тревожности. В результате социально-психологического тренинга показаны положительные изменения в самосознании младших подростков, уменьшение уровня социальной фрустрированности, повышение самооценки, что способствовало формированию социальнопсихологической адаптации школьников. По завершению сеансов биологической обратной связи у старших подростков произошло снижение ситуативной и личностной тревожности. Подросткам с высоким уровнем тревожности и преобладанием в регуляции сердечного ритма умеренной симпатической активности (нормосимпатотоники) можно рекомендовать метод БОС, основанный на активизации парасимпатической нервной системы посредством дыхания. Установлено, что комплексное использование индивидуальных и групповых методов психокоррекции оказалось достаточно эффективным для снижения тревожности школьников и повышения их адаптации к учебё., Child development and education at different stages raise psychoemotional difficulties that can cause impairment of the child’s personality. This study investigated mental adaptation to the schooling process in younger children, adolescents, and the youth, and examined effectiveness of social psychological training, biological feedback, and sand play therapy in pupils of different ages. The survey involved 580 children and adolescents of Magadan Region aged 7 to 18 years. Prior to the examination, parent permission was received for each subject. We concluded that the child’s self-regulation skills develop attention, improve pace and quality of work. Upon its completion, psychocorrection resulted in a substantial decrease in different areas of anxiety in younger schoolchildren who exhibited high anxiety before the therapy. Younger adolescents who underwent socio-psychological training demonstrated positive changes in self-respect, reduced social frustration, and gained in self-esteem, which eventually helped social and psychological adaptation. Senior adolescents had situational and personal anxiety levels decreased by the end of the biofeedback sessions. Adolescents with high anxiety and prevalence of moderate sympathetic (normo-sympathotonic) activity in heart rhythm regulation can be recommended a biofeedback therapy based on activation of parasympathetic nervous system through breathing. Individual and team methods of psychocorrection proved to be rather effective for reducing pupils’ anxiety and accelerating adaptation to schooling., Вестник психофизиологии, Выпуск 1 2022

Oral Presentation. 2021 IEEE 11th International Conference on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems: Technology and Applications. Cracow University of Technology. Cracow, Poland September 22���25, 2021. The title of my presentation is Rehabilitation According to the Biological Feedback. This research is done by the team of Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of the National academy of sciences of Ukraine. Our team includes:Aleksandr Kurgaev, Aleksandr Palagin This research takes place as a part of the project of the National research foundation of Ukraine. The project title is - "Transdisciplinary intelligent information and analytical system for the rehabilitation processes support in a pandemic (TISP)". Abstract Rehabilitation using the biological feedback (BF) is based on the development and improvement of self-control and self-regulation of physiological functions in various pathological conditions of the patient's body. The most significant features of BF implementation systems for rehabilitation of people with disabilities have been identified. Conclusions The advantages of BF-rehabilitation technologies such as non-invasiveness, non-toxicity, reliability and effectiveness make BF-methods the most promising in the treatment of many chronic diseases in neurology, cardiology, urology, gastroenterology, geriatrics, pediatrics, as well as rehabilitation and preventive medicine. Hardware and software systems of biocontrol must be present at every workplace of a doctor, psychologist, coach, teacher. They can not only help in the treatment of patients. They can also change motivation, mobilize the resources of the individual - and this is what many of us lack today. However, all known methods of implementation and use of BF in medical rehabilitation do not meet modern trends of creating unified, portable and safe rehabilitation systems of the new generation, which will allow to carry out treatment activities of different nature not only in medical institutions but also in everyday life. It seems that a radical solution to the problem of improving the effectiveness of rehabilitation with the use of BF is possible only by expanding the functionality of the rehabilitation BF-procedure, including using knowledge-based subsystems. The structure of the hardware and software complex which implements a new way of the improved rehabilitation BF-procedure is suggested., This paper and the research behind it would not have been possible without the financial support of the National research foundation of Ukraine under the contract No 159/01/0245 from 07.05.2021, project title: "Transdisciplinary intelligent information and analytical system for the rehabilitation processes support in a pandemic (TISP)".

Within the present paper, we attempted to study specific features of inhibitory control in junior schoolchildren with the handedness of the different types. assessment of inhibitory control was fulfilled with the help of the method of recurrent biological feedback. The assessment of the type of handedness was performed through the set of tasks. resistance of inhibitory processes and stress resistance were identified in the right-handed children compared to the left-handed and mixed-handed children. This study might be useful in the area of psychophysiology of individual differences in children. Despite the abundance of literature on the study of executive functions, there is still no understanding of how inhibitory processes develop in the ontogenesis of children with different lateral preferences.

A device − Biokin − for the rehabilitation of patients with neurological motor impairments was developed, with the capacity to provide mechanotherapy in combination with transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord and biological feedback. The Biokin device includes a mechanical unit for moving the patient’s lower limbs, a Biostim-5 five-channel stimulator for transcutaneous spinal electrical stimulation, a biological feedback unit, and a control and switching unit; the system is controlled by computer. The device can be used in therapeutic, therapeutic-prophylactic, and scientific research facilities or at home.

De novo-designed proteins1-3 hold great promise as building blocks for synthetic circuits, and can complement the use of engineered variants of natural proteins4-7. One such designer protein-degronLOCKR, which is based on 'latching orthogonal cage-key proteins' (LOCKR) technology8-is a switch that degrades a protein of interest in vivo upon induction by a genetically encoded small peptide. Here we leverage the plug-and-play nature of degronLOCKR to implement feedback control of endogenous signalling pathways and synthetic gene circuits. We first generate synthetic negative and positive feedback in the yeast mating pathway by fusing degronLOCKR to endogenous signalling molecules, illustrating the ease with which this strategy can be used to rewire complex endogenous pathways. We next evaluate feedback control mediated by degronLOCKR on a synthetic gene circuit9, to quantify the feedback capabilities and operational range of the feedback control circuit. The designed nature of degronLOCKR proteins enables simple and rational modifications to tune feedback behaviour in both the synthetic circuit and the mating pathway. The ability to engineer feedback control into living cells represents an important milestone in achieving the full potential of synthetic biology10,11,12. More broadly, this work demonstrates the large and untapped potential of de novo design of proteins for generating tools that implement complex synthetic functionalities in cells for biotechnological and therapeutic applications.

We consider a multidimensional extension of Thomas-Rössler systems, that was inspired by Thomas' earlier work on biological feedback circuits, and we report on our first results that shows its ability to sustain spatio-temporal behaviour reminiscent of chimera states. The novelty here is that its underlying mechanism is based on "chaotic walks" discovered by Thomas during the course of his investigations on what he called Labyrinth Chaos. We briefly review the main properties of these systems and their chaotic and hyperchaotic dynamics and discuss the simplest way of coupling, necessary for this spatio-temporal behaviour that allows the emergence of complex dynamical behaviours. We also recall Thomas' memorable influence and interaction with the authors as we dedicate this work to his memory.

Objective Introduction: Heart rate variability is a highly informative non-invasive method of research not only for the functional state of the cardiovascular system and also for the integrative regulatory activity of the autonomic nervous system. The positive effect of diaphragmatic breathing is positive in the mode of biological feedback using portable devices, but there is little evidence of the use of yoga breathing gymnastics in order to influence the heart rate variability. The aim: To compare the possibilities of using courses of breathing gymnastics of yogis and diaphragmatic breathing sessions in the mode of biological feedback using a portable device. Patients and methods Materials and methods: The study involved 70 practically healthy foreigners, who were divided into 2 groups of 35 people. Participants of the 1st group daily engage in respiratory exercises pranayama for 15 minutes in 1 month. Participants in the 2nd group used the MyCalmBeat portable device. Heart rate variability was registered by using the computer diagnostic complex "CardioLab" ("KhAI-Medika", Ukraine). Results Results: In both groups there was similar dynamics of heart rate variability indices, but its severity was different. The common integral effect was a significant growth of heart rate variability both according to statistical and spectral indicators - total power increased, as well as high-frequency component. The power of the very-low frequency waves has probably decreased only in the group with the device. In the percentage structure of the cardiac rhythm spectrum, the specific weight of very-low frequency component and the percentage of high-frequency component increased. Conclusion Conclusions: Respiratory gymnastics yoga for 15 minutes daily contributes to the growth of heart rate variability through the suppression of the central link (very-low frequency component) of regulation of cardiac rhythm and increased activity of parasympathetic influences (high-frequency component), as well as the redistribution of regulatory activity of the central nervous system between the central and peripheral links of regulation of the cardiac rhythm in favor of the latter.

International audience; Declines of large predatory fish due to overexploitation are restructuring food webs across the globe. It is now becoming evident that restoring these altered food webs requires addressing not only ecological processes, but evolutionary ones as well, because human-induced rapid evolution may in turn affect ecological dynamics. We studied the potential for niche differentiation between different plate armor phenotypes in a rapidly expanding population of a small prey fish, the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). In the central Baltic Sea, three-spined stickleback abundance has increased dramatically during the past decades. The increase in this typical mesopredator has restructured near-shore food webs, increased filamentous algal blooms, and threatens coastal biodiversity. Time-series data covering 22 years show that the increase coincides with a decline in the number of juvenile perch (Perca fluviatilis), the most abundant predator of stickleback along the coast. We investigated the distribution of different stickleback plate armor phenotypes depending on latitude, environmental conditions, predator and prey abundances, nutrients, and benthic production; and described the stomach content of the stickleback phenotypes using metabarcoding. We found two distinct lateral armor plate phenotypes of stickleback, incompletely and completely plated. The proportion of incompletely plated individuals increased with increasing benthic production and decreasing abundances of adult perch. Metabarcoding showed that the stomach content of the completely plated individuals more often contained invertebrate herbivores (amphipods) than the incompletely plated ones. Since armor plates are defense structures favored by natural selection in the presence of fish predators, the phenotype distribution suggests that a novel low-predation regime favors stickleback with less armor. Our results suggest that morphological differentiation of the three-spined stickleback has the potential to affect food web dynamics and influence the persistence and resilience of the stickleback take-over in the Baltic Sea.

Summary We, and all organisms, are an evolutionary masterpiece of multiscale feedback control. Feedback loops enable our cells to grow and then stop at the right size, to divide and self-repair, and to respond with agility to their changing environment. Individual cells engage in long range extracellular feedback with other cells, ensuring continued homeostasis of our tissues and organs. Many long ranging feedback loops regulate vital physiological variables. Here, I will argue that focused efforts to understand the properties and constraints of biological feedback control networks should be central to the quest of understanding life. I will also propose many pressing challenges in this field and review conceptual frameworks that might be consequential for addressing them.

OBJECTIVE Peaks in the beta band of local field potentials (LFPs) may serve as a biological feedback signal for closed-loop deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the specific frequency of such peaks and their response to DBS and to different types of movement remains uncertain. In the present study, the authors examined the abundance of discernible peaks in the beta band and the effect of different types of movement and DBS on these peaks. METHODS Subthalamic nucleus LFPs were analyzed from 38 patients with PD in a frequency range between 10 and 35 Hz, as well as the impact of movement (gait, hand movements) and electrical stimulation on these peaks. The position of the electrode segments from which LFPs were recorded was computed. RESULTS The authors found a bimodal distribution of peaks in the beta band with discernible high- (27 Hz) and low-frequency (15 Hz) peaks. Movement of either hand had no significant effect on these peaks, whereas walking significantly reduced high-frequency beta peaks but not the peaks in the low beta band. Stimulation caused an amplitude-dependent suppression of both peaks. CONCLUSIONS DBS suppresses LFP beta peaks of different frequencies, whereas beta suppression caused by movement is dependent on the type of movement and frequency of the peak. These results will support the investigation of distinct LFP spectra for the application of closed-loop DBS.