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The genus Caenolestes is the most species-rich of the marsupial order Paucituberculata. Two species inhabit Colombia (and also occur in Ecuador) with a discontinuous distribution that has not been accounted for in previous studies— Caenolestes fuliginosus known from the Central and Eastern Andes, and C. convelatus restricted to the Western Andes. Here, we present new and noteworthy records of Caenolestes from the Western Andes at the distributional gap of C. convelatus , and outside the known range of C. fuliginosus. We present detailed comparisons using discrete and continuous diagnostic morphological characters, with type material and additional specimens collected nearby, to assess the identity of the new specimens. We performed statistical analyses at species and subspecies levels, and used a principal components analysis to explore the ordination of the new specimens in morphological space. We found that although these specimens are from the Western Andes, they present traits similar to C. fuliginosus and show great overlap with the morphospace of that species. The new records did not differ statistically with C. fuliginosus or any of its subspecies, but they differed in 20 craniodental measurements from C. convelatus. We also report differences at subspecies level within and between species. Based on these observations, we identified these records as C. fuliginosus , expanding its known distribution to the midportion of the Western Andes, across de Cauca valley. We discuss the biogeography of these 2 species in light of the new data and the context of high Andean habitats, especially regarding the contrasting biogeographical patterns found in other taxa in the Northern Andes. Finally, we discuss the need for a new and exhaustive review of the systematics and biogeography of the genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report here for the first time the occurrence of the diogenid hermit crab species Diogenes curvimanus from the Canary Islands, which has been recorded previously from Atlantic European waters and the Mediterranean Sea. The species had been placed under the synonymy of D. pugilator until recently, and is the sole representative of Diogenes known from the islands. The specimens studied were observed between 2019 and 2023, suggesting that these could have recently settled into local habitats and developed a population capable of reproducing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are reporting for the first time the presence of the crab Macropipus rugosus (Doflein, 1904) (Polybiidae) in the Canary Islands. This finding is based on the collection of three individuals off Tenerife. The collection, at coordinates 28°10′38″N, establishes a new northern distribution limit for this species. The species was previously known from tropical and subtropical seas off the west coast of Africa, has recently been reported in the waters of Cape Verde, and now we report it for the Canary Islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are reporting for the first time the presence of the hermit crab Pagurus chevreuxi (Bouvier, 1896) (Paguridae) in the Canary Islands. This finding is based on the collection of three individuals and the sighting of several additional specimens on the coast of Lanzarote. The collection, at coordinates 28°55′N, establishes a new southern distribution limit for this species. The species' geographical distribution aligns perfectly with the typical Atlanto-Mediterranean biogeographic pattern, which is characterized by benthic species showing a clear affinity for warm-temperate waters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción y objetivos: El sistema de Tandilia (Buenos Aires, Argentina) es un refugio fundamental para una biota altamente diversa frente a la variabilidad climática durante el Cenozoico medio-tardío, especialmente para helechos y licofitas de la flora pampeana. La geología y cercanía al mar del sudeste del sistema de Tandilia plantean interrogantes sobre la composición y afinidades biogeográficas de helechos y licofitas. Ante la transformación antrópica del paisaje urge inventariar las especies y los microambientes en los que se desarrollan. Este trabajo presenta un inventario de la riqueza y frecuencia de helechos y licofitas del sudeste de Tandilia asociado a diferentes microambientes serranos, su afinidad biogeográfica y una clave dicotómica para el área. M&M: Se realizaron colectas entre 2006-2024 en sierras de los Partidos de Balcarce y General Pueyrredon y se comparó estos registros con los de la flora de helechos y licofitas de Ventania y Tandilia. Resultados: El sudeste de Tandilia registra el 51% de los helechos y licofitos reportados para el Sistema de Tandilia. Se observó un incremento de elementos austro-brasileños y una disminución de austral-antárticos vinculado a aspectos latitudinales y biogeográficos. Se determinaron adaptaciones que les permiten desarrollarse en un gradiente de disponibilidad hídrica asociado a diferentes microambientes. Ocho especies fueron catalogadas como raras debido a su baja frecuencia. Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran la necesidad planificar áreas de conservación de la flora de helechos y licofitas del sistema serrano de Tandilia.

The passerine superfamily Certhioidea lacks a complete phylogeny despite decades of recognition as a clade and extensive systematic work within all its constituent families. Here, we inferred a near-complete species-level phylogeny of Certhioidea from a molecular supermatrix, including the first comprehensive sampling of the wrens (Troglodytidae), and used this phylogeny to infer its biogeographic and diversification histories. We also inferred an expanded phylogeny including nearly 100 putative phylospecies previously documented in the literature, and we found that including this diversity had notable impacts on the inferred evolutionary history of Certhioidea. This phylospecies-level tree documented a few instances of species paraphyly, some previously described in the literature and some novel. We found that Certhioidea originated largely in Eurasia and dispersed into North America five times in the last 20 million years, including at the origin of the "New World certhioids," wrens and gnatcatchers, a clade herein named Orthourae. After this initial dispersal event, both wrens and gnatcatchers diversified extensively across the hemisphere, with both lineages repeatedly crossing between continents. However, we detected no notable impact of the formation of the Isthmus of Panama on the frequency of dispersal events between North and South America. The inclusion of phylospecies altered this biogeographic inference in some portions of the tree but overall was largely consistent. With species-level sampling, we found that diversification rates within Certhioidea were largely constant through time with a detectable deceleration toward the present. By contrast, phylospecies-level sampling recovered a different diversification history with a significant rate increase at the crown node of Orthourae after dispersing into the Americas and increased speciation rates particularly within the genera Polioptila and Henicorhina. This largely resolved phylogeny for Certhioidea has yielded important insights into the evolutionary history of this group and provides a framework for future comparative work on this fascinating clade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Neotropical Biology & Conservation is the property of Pensoft Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La conversión del hábitat natural para el desarrollo urbano está restringiendo los rangos de especies de primates que dependen de los ambientes forestales, aumentando su riesgo de extinción. Si bien Panamá respalda la mayor diversidad de primates en Mesoamérica, muchas de sus nueve especies y 13 subespecies son motivo de preocupación para la conservación, incluidas cuatro especies endémicas en Peligro Crítico. Sin embargo, su distribución y estado actual son poco conocidos. Se utilizó más de 15 años de datos de observación de presencia (transectos y conteos de ruta, fototrampeo, y registros de ciudadanos científicos) que representan 2,000 puntos de presencia, 1,415 fueron seleccionados como ubicaciones útiles para desarrollar modelos de distribución para las subespecies de primates en Panamá. Utilizando el software Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt), se creó un conjunto de modelos que utilizan variables climáticas, y también integramos una medida derivada de satélite de la productividad primaria, el Índice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada (NDVI), así como medidas de densidad de población humana, para ver si estos modelos mejorados eran más efectivos. Los modelos funcionaron bien, aunque diferentes variables climáticas predijeron mejor la distribución de diferentes subespecies. La superposición de los mejores modelos de hábitat para cada subespecie nos permitió identificar áreas cruciales para dirigir esfuerzos de conservación en la diversidad de primates en Panamá.

Antecedentes: Bursera es un género nativo de América tropical y agrupa 114 especies. El occidente de México es su principal centro de diversificación y el sur de la Península de Baja California es un centro de endemismo importante para el género. Preguntas: ¿Cuántas especies de Bursera hay en la Península de Baja California? ¿Dónde se distribuyen? ¿Cuáles son sus estados de conservación? Especies de estudio: Bursera Jacq. ex L. Sitio y años de estudio: La Península de Baja California, México; de 2021 a 2022. Métodos: Se generó una base de datos a partir repositorios electrónicos, herbarios, colectas en campo y literatura especializada. Se calculó la riqueza por división política, provincia biogeográfica, ecorregión y una cuadrícula de 40 × 40 km. Se construyeron modelos de distribución de especies y se estimó el estado de conservación para cada taxón utilizando el criterio B2 de la IUCN que se basa en el área de distribución. Resultados: Se documentaron 11 especies de Bursera en la Península de Baja California, de las cuales siete son endémicas de la misma. La riqueza de especies se concentró en los Matorrales Tropicales del Cabo a elevaciones entre los 0 y los 500 m. Cinco especies se clasificaron en alguna categoría de riesgo según los criterios de la IUCN. Conclusiones: El presente trabajo amplía el conocimiento sobre la distribución y estado de conservación del género Bursera en la Península de Baja California.

A new species of Pimelodella is described from the rio Paraguai basin in Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso States, Brazil. The new species distinguishes from all other members of the genus based on a unique combination of characteristics, which include: dorsal profile straight from snout to dorsal-fin, maxillary barbel reaching at least the anal-fin terminus when parallel to main body axis, robust dorsal-fin spine bearing small spinules along three-fourths of its posterior margin, 41-42 total vertebrae (rarely 43 or 44), 13-23 large and retrorse blades at the posterior margin of the pectoral-fin spine, and dorsolateral region of body slightly darkened. This study also discusses the ichthyofaunal similarities between the Paraguai and Amazon basins, shedding light on their biogeographic history. Additionally, the research includes considerations about the sexual dimorphism of Pimelodella and provides an identification key for the Pimelodella species found in the Paraguai basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The amphipods of the genus Hyalella have many endemic species throughout South America, and these may have poorly studied associated species as epibionts. The aim of the present study was to review the literature on the presence of the protozoon Lagenophrys lenticulata (Kellicott, 1885) on species of Hyalella and contrast the results with the geographical distribution of the reported hosts. The literature records the presence of L. lenticulata on populations of H. azteca from Canada, Mexico and the United States of America, and on populations of H. curvispina from Uruguay. The literature also reports that H. curvispina is widespread throughout southern South America, including Argentina and Chile, and that it would be possible to find the presence of epibionts on other populations of H. curvispina. The corresponding biogeographical and evolutionary topics are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A taxonomic treatment of the latiuscula species subgroup of subgenus Pinacodera Schaum, genus Cymindis Latreille with a key to species. Twelve species and two subspecies are treated, eleven (ten species, one subspecies) are described as new. One species, C. punctifera (LeConte), is re-ranked as a subspecies of C. punctifera (sensu lato). Listed alphabetically are the species and subspecies: Cymindis apache, new species (Ramsey Canyon, Cochise County, Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, U.S.A.); C. crenatoverpa, new species (Volcán Ceboruco, Nayarit, México); Cymindis cuyuteca new species (Cuautla, Jalisco, México); C. geminata, new species (Cuernavaca, state of Morelos, México); C. huichilobos, new species (km 117, Oaxaca-Puerto Angel road, state of Oaxaca, México); C latiuscula (Chaudoir) (Dzibilchaltun Archaeological Zone, ca. 16 km north of Mérida, Yucatán, México); C. punctifera punctifera LeConte, new rank (Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mountains, Pima County, Arizona, U.S.A.); C. punctifera toltec, new subspecies (Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México); C. rugofrons, new species (19.5 km NW Los Volcánes, Jalisco, México); C. tonatiuh, new species (15 km SE Nochixtlán, Oaxaca, México); C. yaqui, new species (Cave Creek Canyon, S. Fork, Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, U.S.A.); C. zacapa new species (12-14 km S. San Lorenzo, Departamento Zacapa, Guatemala); and C. zapotec new species (San Gabriel Mixtepec, Oaxaca, México). Cymindis punctifera (LeConte 1884), a junior synonym of C. cribrata (Chaudoir 1875), is the valid species name because the latter is a junior secondary homonym of Cymindis cribrata LeConte 1859 (= C. pilosa Say 1823). Ecologically, the species of the latiuscula subgroup are geophile or arboreal mesophiles, occupying tropical wet and dry, oak- pine [lowland to montane], and cloud forests, to scrubby desert vegetation, their resting places are under bark or bromeliads. These beetles are active in year-round, principally March to September. They may be found from sea level to 3060 m, with most found below 1800 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 406 species in 313 genera, 70 families, and 11 orders of insects is documented from the Rancho Las Playitas area, Municipalities of Arizpe and Bacoachi, Sonora, Mexico. Distributions and locality records of selected noteworthy species are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irazú volcano is one of the highest peaks in Costa Rica; it constitutes one of the few sites with the plant association known as montane and sub-paramo. The research aimed to characterize the structure and composition of this ecosystem considering two altitudinal floors (montane and subpáramo). Three 1000 m² plots per forest type were established, in which botanical identification was developed, and diameter and total height were measured. In both forests, the diameter distributions were adjusted to the different forest models with a basal area of 31.68 m² ha¹ in montane forest and 4.67 m² ha¹ in subpáramo forest. Regarding the vertical structure, the montane forest reached a maximum height of 21 m with three well-defined strata; on the other hand, the subpáramo reached 8 m and did not differentiate strata. Regarding the diversity analysis, it was determined that both forests have significant differences; the montane forest reported 20 species, while the subpáramo only had six species. Comarostaphylis arbutoides is the most important species for both communities. The most important conclusion is that the study area can be considered an altitudinal island; it represents a site of high value for the conservation and research of the sub-paramo plant community. The structure is straightforward in species, its area is minimal, and it is very vulnerable to volcanic events, which shows its value for conservation and study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The blackish small-eared shrew, Cryptotis nigrescens (Allen, 1895), is a blarinine soricid that occurs in high-elevation premontane wet forest and cloud forest in the Central American countries of Costa Rica and Panama. The species is taxonomically monotypic, although it exhibits size variation that manifests as a gradual increase in size from northwest to southeast. Habitat loss is currently the greatest threat to the species' existence, although populations in the few areas where C. nigrescens has been studied appear to be healthy, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classifies it as a species whose conservation status is "Least Concern" (LC). We include a complete synonymy for the genus CryptotisPomel, 1848. La musaraña negruzca de orejas pequeñas, Cryptotis nigrescens (Allen, 1895), es un sorícido blarinino que se encuentra en los bosques húmedos premontanos de gran altura y en los bosques nubosos de los países centroamericanos de Costa Rica y Panamá. La especie es taxonómicamente monotípica, aunque exhibe una variación de tamaño que puede manifestarse como un aumento gradual de tamaño del noroeste al sureste. La pérdida de hábitat es actualmente la mayor amenaza para la existencia de la especie, aunque las poblaciones en las pocas áreas donde se ha estudiado C. nigrescens parecen saludables, y la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN) la ha clasificado como una especie cuyo estado de conservación es "Least Concern [Preocupación Menor]" (LC). Incluimos una sinonimia completa para el género CryptotisPomel, 1848. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evolutionary biologists recognize that understanding the phylogenetic history of closely related species is challenging without considering their population genetics history. The taxonomy of Magnolia sect. Talauma in Cuba has long been debated, with several changes in taxon delimitations. All these taxonomic revisions were based exclusively on leaf morphological characteristics of a few individuals, limiting their ability to elucidate taxon boundaries. Recent studies have focused on conservation genetics and species delimitation of Cuban magnolias, based on ecological, morphological and genetic data. Here, we use full plastome sequences and microsatellite data to infer phylogenetic relationships and potential historical migration events among species in Magnolia sect. Talauma in Cuba. Bayesian phylogeny and TreeMix were used to understand the phylogenetic relationships. Based on this, Magnolia sect. Talauma in Cuba does not comprise a monophyletic group. The data continue to show a highly supported unresolved species complex in the taxa of Magnolia subsect. Talauma from north-eastern Cuba. From a taxonomic point of view, our results do not entirely support the most recent taxonomic review proposed for the family in Cuba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Limia is endemic to the Greater Antilles with a single species in Cuba, Limia vittata , widespread in lowland ecosystems. The limited data available regarding its population structure suggest that its levels of intraspecific divergence are lower compared to other Cuban poeciliids. Furthermore, little is known about the dispersal pathways and demographic changes experienced by present-day populations. By analysing two mitochondrial markers and testing scenarios of dispersal and vicariance, we provide insights into the evolutionary history of L. vittata. Here, we show that this species is formed by three genetically differentiated and geographically delimited groups of populations. We also found moderate intraspecific divergence and a mtDNA pattern of high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity which is consistent with a rapid demographic expansion. Our Bayesian analysis recovered dispersal from eastern to western Cuba as the most likely scenario explaining the current distribution of this species. Limia vittata exhibited a distinct regional distribution of haplogroups that corresponds to major core landmasses within Cuba, along with a signature of rapid population expansion during relatively recent palaeoclimatic changes that occurred during the formation of the archipelago. Similar phylogeographic patterns have been identified in other freshwater and terrestrial taxa on the island. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artigo trata da hierarquização feita por Charles Darwin, em A Origem das Espécies, das melhores condições geográficas para a ocorrência de especiação, indo da pior condição, uma área pequena e isolada, para uma de melhor condição, caracterizada por ser grande, continua e que já passou por fragmentação. A partir disso, procuramos demonstrar que o processo de especiação em aves passeriformes nas ilhas Galápagos seria, na visão de Darwin, o pior cenário geográfico para a ocorrência de tal fenômeno. E também, que tal hierarquia de geografias promotoras de especiação se encontra nas bases de uma das mais importantes teorias biogeográficas vigentes, a Teoria dos Refúgios.

Genetic divergence among isolated populations is not always reflected in phenotypic differentiation. We investigated the genetic and phenotypic differentiation in Diglossa cyanea (Thraupidae; Masked Flowerpiercer), a widely distributed species in the tropical Andes. We found strong evidence for 2 main lineages separated by the Marañón River valley in the Northern Peruvian Low (NPL). These 2 lineages show a deep sequence divergence in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA; ~6.7% uncorrected p-distance, n = 122), spectral frequency and song structure (with exclusive final whistles in southern populations, n = 88), and wing length (the northern populations are smaller, n = 364). The 2 divergent D. cyanea mitochondrial lineages were not sister to each other, suggesting a possible paraphyly with respect to D. caerulescens (Bluish Flowerpiercer) that remains to be tested with nuclear genomic data. No genetic variation, size difference, or song structure was observed within the extensive range of the southern group (from the NPL to central Bolivia) or within all sampled northern populations (from the NPL to Venezuela). These vocal differences appear to have consequences for song discrimination, and species recognition, according to a previously published playback experiment study. We propose that the southern taxon be elevated to species rank as D. melanopis, a monotypic species (with the proposed name Whistling Masked-Flowerpiercer). In turn, we provide a redefinition of D. cyanea (Warbling Masked-Flowerpiercer), which is now restricted to the northern half of the tropical Andes as a polytypic species with 3 subspecies (tovarensis, obscura, and cyanea). Based on our results, the subspecies dispar should be treated as a junior synonym of cyanea. Our study highlights the need to continue amassing complementary data sets from field observations, experiments, and collection-based assessments to better characterize the evolutionary history, biogeography, bioacoustics, and taxonomy of Neotropical montane birds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is repeatedly stressed the need to characterize the extant biodiversity in tropical ecosystems. However, inventory studies are still progressing slowly in dry ecosystems, leading to the underestimation of their true biodiversity and hindering conservation efforts. In this study, we present primary and secondary data, along with an updated list of amphibians and reptiles from two localities in the São Francisco-Gurguéia region in Piauí. Additionally, we compare the species composition between nine areas within the Caatinga, which were sampled using standardized methods over the past ten years, to examine broader spatial patterns of community composition. To survey reptiles and amphibians, we employed similar methods and sampling efforts in two areas within the Serra das Confusões National Park (SCNP) region. Our surveys recorded a total of 73 species of amphibians and reptiles, of which 24 are new distribution records for the SCNP region. Consequently, our findings increase the known herpetofauna in the region to 94 species. Despite their proximity, the two sites in the SCNP region exhibited only 42% similarity in species composition, and they differed significantly from other areas within the Caatinga. Furthermore, even the closer Caatinga areas presented differences in species composition, highlighting the necessity to evaluate biodiversity across the landscape and contribute to understanding biogeographic patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Hippeastrinae originated in South America and then migrated to North America. Mexico represents a center of diversity of the group and the Mexican Transition Zone concentrates the highest species richness. The aims of this work were to estimate the species richness of Hippeastrinae in Mexico, to analyze the geographic distribution and to identify areas of richness. M&M: A database was created from herbarium specimens, electronic resources, and literature. Using geographic information systems, we estimated the species richness and distribution by state, region and biogeographic province; vegetation type, latitude, longitude and elevation. Additionally, the species richness was analyzed using a grid cell of 50 × 50 km2 . Results: Fourty-five species of Hippeastrinae occur in Mexico. The database integrated 1359 georeferenced records. Hippeastrinae was recorded in 31 states, in all regions, biogeographic provinces and vegetation types. It occurs from 15.9 to 31.8° latitude, from 88.2 to 118.3° longitude and from 0 to 3508 m a.s.l. San Luis Potosí had the greatest species richness and endemism. The Neotropical region host the largest number of species. The Sierra Madre Oriental province harbors the greatest species richness and the richest cells. The group resulted particularly diverse in coniferous and oak forest, xeric shrubland and agriculture-aquaculture farmland. Conclusions: Hippeastrinae exhibit a modern neotropical pattern of richness and distribution. The species richness and endemism were concentrated in the Neotropical region and the Mexican Transition Zone. The Sierra Madre Oriental is a center of diversity of the group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the hierarchy made by Charles Darwin, in The Origin of Species, of the best geographical conditions for the occurrence of speciation, going from the worst condition, a small and isolated area, to one of better condition, characterized by being large, continuous and which has already gone through fragmentation. And also, that such hierarchy of geographies that promote speciation is at the base of one of the most important biogeographic theories in force, the Refuge Theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Flora Montibérica is the property of Flora Montiberica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

North American mammals follow a well-established latitudinal diversity gradient in species richness. However, the degree to which species in different mammal clades follow the same latitudinal gradient—and to which each clade contributes to the pattern observed for all mammals remains unknown. Here, we separate the overall mammalian latitudinal diversity gradient by mammal orders and investigate the impact of climate and topography on the distribution of each major mammal clade. We joined an equal-area grid (100 × 100 km cells) of continental North America embedded with environmental variables (n = 10) with mammalian species ranges (n = 753). We used spatial regression models to quantify the relationship between species richness and latitude for all mammals, all mammals excluding select clades, and for each individual subordinate clade (n = 9). We used multiple linear regression and simultaneous autoregressive regression models to determine which environmental variables best explained patterns of species richness for each mammal order. Whereas North American mammals altogether exhibit a strong latitudinal diversity gradient in species richness, most orders deviate from the species richness pattern observed for all mammals and their gradients are weak or entirely absent. Bats (Chiroptera) exhibit the strongest latitudinal gradient—their removal from the pattern for all mammals substantially weakens the total mammalian gradient, more so than when rodents are removed. Environmental variables explain patterns of species richness well for some clades, but poorly for others. The gradient we observe for North American mammals today is likely a combined product of multiple diversification events, dispersals, and climatic and tectonic histories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Refugia‐based conservation offers long‐term effectiveness and minimize uncertainty on strategies for climate change adaptation. We used distribution modelling to identify climate change refugia for 617 terrestrial mammals and to quantify the role of protected areas (PAs) in providing refugia across South America. To do so, we compared species potential distribution across different scenarios of climate change, highlighting those regions likely to retain suitable climatic conditions by year 2090, and explored the proportion of refugia inside PAs. Moist tropical forests in high‐elevation areas with complex topography concentrated the highest local diversity of species refugia, although regionally important refugia centers occurred elsewhere. Andean–Amazon forests contained climate change refugia for more than half of the continental species' pool and for up to 87 species locally (17 × 17 km2 grid cell). The highlands of the southern Atlantic Forest also included megadiverse refugia for up to 76 species per cell. Almost half of the species that may find refugia in the Atlantic Forest will do so in a single region—the Serra do Mar and Serra do Espinhaço. Most of the refugia we identified, however, were not in PAs, which may contain <6% of the total area of climate change refugia, leaving 129–237 species with no refugia inside the territorial limits of PAs of any kind. Our results reveal a dismal scenario for the level of refugia protection in some of the most biodiverse regions of the world. Nonetheless, because refugia tend to be in high‐elevation, topographically complex, and remote areas, with lower anthropogenic pressure, formally protecting them may require a comparatively modest investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los insectos son uno de los grupos de animales más importantes del planeta porque mantienen los servicios ecosistémicos y son una parte importante de la biomasa animal global. Una gran diversidad de especies hace a este grupo el más diverso de todos los animales. Sin embargo, los patrones espaciales regionales de diversidad de insectos siguen siendo poco conocidos, estando especialmente indocumentados en las regiones de gran diversidad, como los es el Neotrópico. Parte de este problema se debe a la inexistencia de una base de datos armonizada de registros de insectos a nivel nacional. Aquí, utilizamos el caso de Ecuador continental (excluyendo el archipiélago de las Galápagos) para mapear los vacíos de conocimiento de los patrones espaciales y la diversidad regional haciendo uso de una extensa base de datos. Nuestro principal resultado sugiere que los Andes son la principal barrera biogeográfica en el Ecuador continental. La Amazonia y la vertiente occidental de los Andes son las regiones más ricas en especies; la región norte concentra los mayores registros de ocurrencias. Nuestros resultados apoyan las acciones de conservación de este grupo, desde la perspectiva biogeográfica y macroecológica.

A difusão territorial do SARS-CoV-2 em Santa Catarina (SC), foi elaborada por meio do mapeamento mensal da distribuição espacial, por município, dos casos confirmados e dos óbitos decorrentes de COVID-19, no primeiro ano de pandemia no Estado. Em um Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG), os dados mensais de casos confirmados e de óbitos compuseram a base alfanumérica e foram espacializados à uma base cartográfica representando os municípios de Santa Catarina, na qual a distribuição espacial da doença foi analisada de modo sistemático e temporal. O estudo analisou ainda as variações mensais nos padrões de distribuição espacial do novo coronavírus em Santa Catarina, por meio da dinâmica das expansões e retrações mensais dos números de casos confirmados e óbitos ocorridos por COVID-19. A dinâmica das variações mensais da distribuição espacial da doença permitiu reconhecer que a difusão do SARS-CoV-2 em Santa Catarina, no primeiro ano de pandemia, iniciou pelo litoral do Estado, logo se interiorizou, apresentou meses de expansão e retração viral, mas se intensificou em março de 2021. A cartografia temática temporal se mostrou eficiente como meio adicional as planilhas geradas pelos levantamentos sistemáticos dos dados de ocorrência em cada município catarinense. Tornou-se ainda apoio fundamental à disseminação do estágio de difusão territorial do fenômeno para os cidadãos, que somada as políticas de mitigação, apresentada pelos gestores públicos, determinaram em diferentes momentos novas regras de restrição, isolamento ou permissão de atividades sociais.

Antecedentes. Históricamente en biología ha habido discrepancias a la hora de considerar a ciertos taxones dentro de las categorías “nativo” o “exótico” en determinadas áreas geográficas. Preguntas y/o hipótesis. ¿Tienen los taxones cualidades inherentes que permitan establecer formalismos concordantes con un principio de prioridad como criterio para resolver los problemas derivados de la categorización “nativo-exótico”? Sitio y años de estudio: Tres áreas asociadas geográficamente pero con características discordantes fueron seleccionadas. Este trabajo se realizó entre 2017 y 2022. Métodos: Se proponen dos tipos de índices complementarios. El “Índice de Ancestralidad Binario”, que parte de la distinción clásica de especie “nativa-exótica” y se codifica en forma binaria. El “Índice de Ancestralidad Escalar”, que se basa en el desarrollo de dos criterios: uno espacial (“distancia al área de origen”) y otro temporal (“tiempo de permanencia”). Resultados: Se obtuvieron tablas con los índices mencionados para las especies y áreas elegidas. Conclusiones: Estos índices resultarán útiles, por ejemplo, cuando sea necesario tomar decisiones que puedan afectar negativamente a los ecosistemas, considerando la historia e identidad del sitio. Los índices también serían fundamentales como estímulo a investigaciones de temáticas asociadas y para componerlo que se propone como estratigrafía ecológicade un área.

Like other meiofaunal organisms, tardigrades suffer from a significant knowledge gap concerning many aspects of their biodiversity. The lack of an up-to-date digital collection with all species and details of limnoterrestrial and freshwater tardigrades in South and Central America is one of the most critical gaps to be filled. Therefore, the present work aims to develop a database containing all valid species of limnoterrestrial and freshwater tardigrades from South and Central America found until 2023 and provide open access to the results. Data for each species were obtained directly from the literature using Google Scholar and the website tardigrada.net. This compiled data resulted in the creation of a database with the species name, author and year of species description, genus, family, class, type country, type location, coordinates (longitude and latitude), if it is aquatic and/or limnoterrestrial, substrate where it was found, the country and location of collection, and manuscript containing the species identification. Furthermore, the coordinates of each occurrence were plotted on maps with political-administrative boundaries and Neotropical and Andean biogeographic regions. In addition, statistical analysis was performed related to the geographic distribution of the sampling effort. From the literature, 2157 records of valid non-marine Tardigrada species, endemic or not, were computed. From these records, 271 species of tardigrades have been identified in the two regions combined, with 223 species in South America and 129 species in Central America. We were able to show that there are still many biases in the sampling of tardigrades in the Neotropical and Andean regions and that further studies are needed on the biogeography of these meiofaunal organisms in these biogeographic regions. We expect this database to help better understand the richness and distribution patterns of limnoterrestrial and aquatic tardigrade species in Central and South America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the speed at which humans are changing the climate, species with high degrees of endemism may not have time to avoid extinction through adaptation. We investigated through teleconnection analysis the origin of rainfall that determines the phylogenetic diversity of rainforest frogs and the effects of microclimate differences in shaping the morphological traits of isolated populations (which contribute to greater phylogenetic diversity and speciation). We also investigated through teleconnection analysis how deforestation in Amazonia can affect ecosystem services that are fundamental to maintaining the climate of the Atlantic rainforest biodiversity hotspot. Seasonal winds known as flying rivers carry water vapor from Amazonia to the Atlantic Forest, and the breaking of this ecosystem service could lead Atlantic Forest species to population decline and extinction in the short term. Our results suggest that the selection of morphological traits that shape Atlantic Forest frog diversity and their population dynamics are influenced by the Amazonian flying rivers. Our results also suggest that the increases of temperature anomalies in the Atlantic Ocean due to global warming and in the Amazon forest due to deforestation are already breaking this cycle and threaten the biodiversity of the Atlantic Forest hotspot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The territorial diffusion of SARS-CoV-2 in Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil, made by the monthly mapping of the spatial distribution of confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19, by municipality, in the first year of pandemic in the State. In a Geographic Information System (GIS), monthly data on cases and deaths were integrated into a cartographic base of the municipalities of Santa Catarina State, where the spatial distribution of the disease was analyzed and mapped. The study analyzed monthly variations in spatial distribution patterns of the new coronavirus in Santa Catarina State, by examining monthly expansions and retractions in the numbers of confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19. The dynamics of monthly variations in the spatial distribution of the disease allowed us to recognize that the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Santa Catarina State, in the first year of the pandemic, started on the coast, soon interiorized, showed months of viral expansion and retraction, but deepened until March 2021. The temporal thematic cartography proved to be efficient as an information additional means to the spreadsheets generated by the systematic survey of occurrence data in each municipality of Santa Catarina. It also became fundamental support for the information of the phenomenon's territorial diffusion to citizens which, added to the mitigation policies presented by public managers, determined in different times the rules of restriction, isolation or permission of social activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se determinan las relaciones biogeográficas entre áreas aisladas de bosque tropical húmedo de México a partir de sus faunas de mariposas. Los análisis se hicieron a partir de los registros de 676 especies pertenecientes a las familias Papilionidae, Pieridae, Riodinidae, Lycaenidae y Nymphalidae en unidades geográficas de Tabasco, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz, San Luis Potosí y Campeche, mediante el uso de algoritmos de parsimonia y similitud. Ambos métodos corroboraron que las unidades mejor estudiadas forman un grupo consistente: Sierra de Juárez-Los Tuxtlas-Chajul-Huichihuayán, mientras que Soconusco representa el área más diferenciada.

Primer registre del gripau de Brongersma, Barbarophryne brongersmai (Anura, Bufonidae), a les muntanyes de l'Atles Central, Marroc Barbarophryne brongersmai es distribueix a la costa atlàntica del sud del Marroc, a l'Antiatles, a l'àrida plana de Marràqueix i en algunes localitats del nord-oest d'Algèria. La distribució i l’extensió d'aquesta espècie al Marroc no són ben conegudes. Aquest estudi documenta un nou registre de B. brongersmai al Marroc, precisament a la regió de l'Alt Atles central. El tipus d'hàbitat d’aquesta regió és diferent dels hàbitats on l'espècie havia estat observada prèviament i està constituït per tolles estacionals situades entre afloraments rocosos que s'omplen amb aigua procedent de tempestes o neus hivernals. Recomanem portar a terme estudis per disposar d'informació addicional sobre la presència d'aquest gripau en altres regions marroquines com l’Atles Mitjà, on es poden donar condicions adequades per a aquesta espècie. Dades publicades a Zenodo (Doi: 10.5281/zenodo.7035551).

Ecological factors such as temperature, precipitation, and vegetation type have been reported to influence biogeographic patterns (e.g. species distribution, richness, and endemism) in mammals. In Chile, these patterns only had been explored in selected mammal groups from certain localities. In this study, we describe and analyze biogeographic patterns for all small mammals (marsupials, armadillos, bats, rodents), reported until 2020, in different climatic and ecological regions from continental Chile. Using a compiled database of 89 species, we estimated their distributional similarity, described and characterized richness and areas of endemism using Bayesian and Parsimony Analysis of Endemism, and linked species distribution with conservation status according to the IUCN Red List. We found three similarity units of species distribution based on climate: Arid, Temperate, and Polar; higher richness and endemism in north and south-central Chile; two areas of endemism, one in north and one in south; and a hotspot in south-central Chile. Finally, species of greater conservation concern showed a similar and small distribution range. The concordance in the distribution of the species with Chilean climatic regions (as determined by precipitation and temperature) suggest that the spatial distribution of Chilean small mammals is influenced strongly by those abiotic factors. This also could explain the patterns of richness and endemism and, therefore species hotspots. Variations of climatic factors therefore should be considered in explaining biogeographic patterns and conservation plans of Chilean small mammal species, because species of greater concern tend to be associated and having similar distributional characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Northeastern Mata Atlântica freshwater ecoregion (NMAF) is recognized for the high degree of endemism of its ichthyofauna, whose evolutionary and biogeographic histories are still poorly understood. Oligosarcus acutirostris is a freshwater fish species endemic to the NMAF, which is distributed in coastal rivers and streams draining Bahia, Espírito Santo, and part of Minas Gerais states in eastern Brazil. Its widespread distribution in currently isolated river basins along the NMAF prompted this study, which aimed to understand what scenarios would be involved in determining its current distribution pattern, and to contribute to a better understanding of the biogeographic history of the NMAF. For this, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences were analyzed based on samples from different localities along the species distribution, including its type locality. Overall, phylogeographic analyses indicate a strong genetic structure within the species evidenced mainly by the non-sharing of haplotypes between most of the basins analyzed. According to the AMOVA results, the current distribution of haplotypes is better explained by the Pleistocene coastal paleodrainages. The results are also used to test and complement a biogeographic hypothesis previously proposed for the drainages of the NMAF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción y objetivos: Hippeastrinae se originó en Sudamérica y después migró a Norteamérica. México representa uno de sus centros de diversidad y la Zona de Transición Mexicana concentra la mayor riqueza. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron estimar la riqueza de Hippeastrinae en México, analizar su distribución geográfica e identificar las áreas de riqueza. M&M: Se elaboró una base de datos a partir de ejemplares de herbario, recursos electrónicos y literatura. Con el uso de sistemas de información geográfica estimamos la riqueza de especies y distribución por estado, región y provincia biogeográfica, tipo de vegetación, latitud, longitud y elevación. Adicionalmente, la riqueza de especies fue estimada en celdas de 50 × 50 km2. Resultados: Cuarenta y cinco especies de Hippeastrinae ocurren en México. La base de datos integró 1359 registros georreferenciados. Hippeastrinae se encontró en 31 estados, en todas las regiones, provincias biogeográficas y tipos de vegetación. Prospera en 15,9-31,8° de latitud, 88,2-118,3° de longitud y de 0 a 3508 m s.n.m. San Luis Potosí tuvo la mayor riqueza y endemismo. La región Neotropical presenta la mayor cantidad de especies. La Sierra Madre Oriental alberga la mayor riqueza de especies y las celdas más ricas. El grupo resultó diverso en el bosque de coníferas y encino, el matorral xerófilo y las zonas agrícola-acuícola. Conclusiones: Hippeastrinae presenta el patrón de distribución y riqueza neotropical moderno. La riqueza y endemismo está en la región Neotropical y la Zona de Transición Mexicana. La Sierra Madre Oriental representa un centro de diversidad del grupo.

Del género Avrainvillea se han descrito a nivel mundial veintiocho especies y 8 formas. En el tratamiento de los sinónimos, veintiuno han sido aceptados, uno se considera una mala aplicación y dos se consideran excluidos del género. La aplicación del índice de similitud de Sørensen en las subregiones biogeográficas donde se distribuyen las especies, permiten considerar al Atlántico Tropical y Subtropical y al el Indo-Pacífico como áreas de endemismo con dieciséis y cuatro entidades, respectivamente. El Pacífico Sur con solo una especie endémica, es el menos diverso. Las especies A. calathina y A. rotumensis pueden ser consideradas como especies relícticas y A. canariensis como neoendémica.

La taxonomía de los cangrejos anomuros y braquiuros cubanos es bien conocida. No obstante, como muchos otros invertebrados, la distribución de las especies es incierta, impidiendo realizar estudios biogeográficos y conservacionistas. En este trabajo se presentan nuevos datos sobre la distribución de cangrejos cubanos, que se distribuyen en las provincias occidentales (Pinar del Río y Matanzas) y orientales, incluyendo algunas áreas protegidas. Se actualiza la distribución de 69 especies (13 anomuros y 56 braquiuros). Las provincias con más registros son Guantánamo (42 especies) y Holguín (38). Todas las especies de la provincia Guantánamo se encuentran en áreas protegidas.

As savanas da América do Sul representam entre 8 e 10% da cobertura das savanas globais. De forma dispersa, elas cobrem pouco mais de 2,29 milhões de quilômetros quadrados no continente, e representam o espectro mais úmido e mais biodiverso das savanas globais. As savanas sul-americanas apresentam considerável grau de endemismo e suas características climáticas e composição em espécies são bastante influenciadas por biomas florestais vizinhos, como a Amazônia e a Mata Atlântica. Savanas sul-americanas ocorrem sobre solos que variam de arenosos a argilosos, em altitudes desde cerca de 150 metros até em torno de 2.000 metros acima do nível do mar, e em enclaves tão pequenos quanto 50 km2 até extensões imensas como aquelas ocorrentes no planalto central brasileiro. Muitas destas savanas são sujeitas a alagamento periódico o que as tornam únicas na sua dinâmica. Este artigo apresenta a revisão de um conjunto de informações sobre as savanas ocorrentes no continente sul-americano, analisando conceitos e abordando desde suas principais características climáticas, até particularidades da vegetação e da flora, espécies mais comuns e atributos funcionais. Muitas destas informações estão organizadas em tabelas, facilitando o acesso a dados pontuais. Assuntos correlatos, como a toxicidade imposta pelo alumínio presente nos solos de muitas delas e a presença de formações florestais e campestres ocorrendo na paisagem junto às formações savânicas são apresentados de forma complementar. Este artigo cobre uma lacuna acerca das formações savânicas na América do Sul e vem contribuir para a divulgação do conhecimento deste importante, complexo, mal compreendido e ameaçado ecossistema.

Durante el Pleistoceno, América del Sur tenía varios géneros y especies de grandes cánidos hipercarnívoros, los cuales se extinguieron completamente al final de esta época. En este trabajo se presenta una revisión sistemática exhaustiva del grupo (cuatro géneros y siete especies), sobre la base de nuevos análisis cladísticos que también contemplan información genómica y un estudio de la variación intraespecífica en cánidos. Se discuten los resultados generados sobre la filogenia, sistemática, bioestratigrafía y biogeografía de los cánidos sudamericanos. Se sinonimizó Protocyon orcesi con Protocyon troglodytes y Canis nehringi con Aenocyon dirus. El género Theriodictis sería parafilético por lo que Theriodictis tarijensis fue transferido a Protocyon. “Canis” gezi claramente no pertenece al género Canis. Las distribuciones de A. dirus y P. troglodytes llegarían hasta la región pampeana y México, respectivamente. Por otro lado, se restringió a la región pampeana la distribución de Theriodictis. El carácter fragmentario de varios taxones de América del Norte y del Sur complican su ubicación filogenética y las interpretaciones biogeográficas y evolutivas, pero se pueden inferir varios eventos inmigratorios desde América del Norte y Central y algunos posteriores en sentido contrario, así como también una diversificación importante dentro de América del Sur. Nuevos ejemplares bien preservados son necesarios para evaluar la presencia de Chrysocyon y Theriodictis fuera de América del Sur y la asignación sistemática de los restos de cánidos de los sitios de Orocual (Venezuela). La evidencia disponible no permite corroborar la presencia de grandes cánidos con anterioridad al Ensenadense (>1,8 Ma).

Integración de las múltiples dimensiones de la biodiversidad para fundamentar la estrategia mundial de conservación de los psitaciformes. Además de los cambios relacionados con el clima y el uso de la tierra, los psitaciformes están amenazados por la caza y la captura destinada al comercio de mascotas, lo que los convierte en uno de los órdenes de aves en mayor riesgo de extinción para el que las medidas de conservación son especialmente importantes. Para determinar las zonas de prioridad alta para la conservación de la biodiversidad, se suele utilizar la riqueza de especies. Por definición, la riqueza considera que todas las especies son igualmente diferentes entre sí. No obstante, los estudios que se están llevando a cabo en la actualidad hacen hincapié en la importancia de incorporar las funciones ecológicas (diversidad funcional) o las relaciones evolutivas (diversidad filogenética) para comprender mejor los patrones de la biodiversidad, ya que 1) las zonas con una elevada riqueza de especies no siempre son zonas con una elevada diversidad funcional o filogenética y 2) la diversidad funcional y la diversidad filogenética pueden predecir mejor la función de los ecosistemas y el potencial evolutivo, que son fundamentales para la elaboración y gestión de políticas de conservación eficaces a largo plazo. Hemos creado un marco para determinar las zonas dentro del área de distribución de los psitaciformes en las que la riqueza de especies, la diversidad funcional y la diversidad filogenética son elevadas. Asimismo, hemos combinado la riqueza de especies, la diversidad funcional y la diversidad filogenética en un índice integrado de biodiversidad (IBI por su sigla en inglés), que permite determinar puntos de biodiversidad críticos para los psitaciformes. Hemos observado importantes discrepancias entre las dimensiones, lo que pone de manifiesto que la riqueza de especies no siempre es una buena aproximación de las otras dimensiones de la biodiversidad de psitaciformes. El IBI es un índice integrador y flexible que puede incorporar múltiples dimensiones de la biodiversidad, lo que conlleva que sea una forma intuitiva y directa de evaluar los objetivos generales en la planificación de la conservación.

Irán es el principal centro de especiación y endemismo de Astragalus (Fabaceae), el mayor género de angiospermas en el viejo mundo. Las áreas de endemismo y los hotspots de endemismo del género no son bien conocidos y es necesaria una evaluación detallada utilizando aproximaciones SIG. En este artículo, se estudian los patrones de distribución espacial de los endemismos del género Astragalus en Irán utilizando la riqueza de especies, el análisis parsimonioso de endemicidad (PAE por sus siglas en inglés) y la interpolación geográfica de endemismo (GIE por sus siglas en inglés). Utilizando todas las fuentes disponibles, se han reunido 4180 citas para 589 endemismos de Astragalus. Han sido identificados tres hotspots así como siete y cuatro áreas de endemismo (AoEs por sus siglas en inglés) utilizando riqueza, GIE y PAE. Atropatene es la provincial iraní más rica en endemismos de Astragalus. La mayoría de las áreas de endemismo se localizan en los hábitats montañosos como Alborz y Khorassan-Kopet Dagh así como en las zonas altas del sur y centro de Irán. Nuestros hallazgos muestran que las montañas juegan un papel importante en los patrones de endemicidad del género Astragalus, pero las llanuras, marismas y pastos también contienen numerosos endemismos y por tanto deben ser incluidos en el esfuerzo de conservación. Los resultados obtenidos a partir de las tres aproximaciones son consistentes entre ellas. Sin embargo, parece que la aproximación PAE ha sido más exitosa que los otros dos métodos y cubren la mayoría de las áreas de endemismo de Astragalus en Irán. Finalmente, sugerimos que, en los análisis biogeográficos en Irán, se utilicen conjuntamente técnicas basadas en mallas de celdas y aproximaciones de vecindad circular para determinar las áreas prioritarias de conservación.

Educational communication has been gaining prominence since the 1970s with the integration of information technologies into education, especially in more developed countries, gaining strength in Brazil over the past two decades. Paulo Freire was one of the promoters of this creative perspective of Communication/Education interrelation, pointing to the essentially dialogical nature of communication processes for the formation of a "critical consciousness." However, educational communication can also occur analogically without the use of technologies, such as in the making of signs, posters, models, pamphlets, exhibitions, and similar items. Environmental educational communication can be especially utilized through fast media, such as social networks, with YouTube Shorts, Instagram Stories or Reels, and short TikTok videos, which can be explored for the creation of audiovisual resources, as well as for the production of clips, short films, among others, all of which have a wide reach of environmental educational communication to the current population. The objective of this chapter is to explore the role of environmental educational communication as a tool for the dissemination and conservation of protected areas in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, also known as Baixada Fluminense, presenting an overview of these areas with a focus on the Mário Xavier National Forest (Flona MX). The conservation units of Baixada Fluminense suffer from stereotypes attributed to the social and economic issues of the region, these facts contribute to the invisibility of these green areas, directly affecting conservation. Changing this scenario can come from encouraging society to become active in conservation, taking on the role of protagonists and for that, educomunicação must be present in these spaces, providing information, knowledge, and dissemination of these spaces, making society recognize the importance of protected areas, known in Brazil as Conservation Units. Thus, it was identified that the use of technological resources such as social media are extremely important tools and should be incorporated into communication plans of protected areas, as well as shared management practices should become more present, especially with the technical scientific support of universities, having the Shared Guard Extension Program Flona Mário Xavier, with a great example of integration and success in Baixada Fluminense for conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telchin evalthe viryi (Boisduval, [1875]) is one of the rarest castniids of the Gulf of Mexico slope that is not endemic to the country. Based on examination of various collections, field studies and greater knowledge about its distribution, relevant information about this subspecies is provided as well as data on its ecology, behavior, variability (in both sexes), and geographical distribution in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the first record of Escalantiana escalantei (Miller, 1976) for the State of Mexico, based on the discovery of a dead female in the municipality of Tonatico. We also list the other localities where this species has been observed and collected throughout Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 1970 and 1995, twenty collecting expeditions were carried out in North Korea by the researchers of the Hungarian Natural History Museum. The majority of the North Korean Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) material is still waiting for identification; in this paper, the subfamily Campopleginae is treated. Campoletis koreana sp. nov. and Meloboris pektusana sp. nov. are described from North Korea. The following 23 species of the subfamily are reported for the first time from North Korea: Breviterebra laticlypeata Kusigemati, 1982, Campoletis annulata (Gravenhorst, 1829), Campoletis chlorideae Uchida, 1957, Campoletis cognata (Tschek, 1871), Campoletis latrator (Gravenhorst, 1829), Campoletis rugosipropodeum (Uchida, 1942), Campoplex alsophilae (Uchida, 1936), Casinaria albibasalis Uchida, 1928, Casinaria albipalpis (Gravenhorst, 1829), Casinaria arjuna Maheshwary et Gupta, 1977, Casinaria japonica Kusigemati, 1980, Casinaria nigripes (Gravenhorst, 1829), Casinaria partolstoyi Han, van Achterberg et Chen, 2021, Casinaria stygia Tschek, 1871, Casinaria trochanterator Aubert, 1960, Charops bicolor (Szépligeti, 1906), Charops striatus (Uchida, 1932), Cymodusa koreana Choi et Lee, 2013, Cymodusa orientalis Uchida, 1956, Lemophagus curtus Townes, 1965, Melalophacharops everese (Uchida, 1957), Venturia longipropodeum (Uchida, 1942), and Venturia mongolica (Kokujev, 1915), along with remarks on the distribution and the identification of several of these species. With four figures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The species Heterophrynus boterorum is endemic to Colombia, and was described in 2013 with just a few specimens. It has morphological variation that may be correlated with environmental conditions, or with isolation processes. We modeled the potential distribution of this species using software Maxent in order to know of other possible occurrence localities and the influence of environmental variables which can condition its presence. Additionally, we contrasted the potential distribution with the National System of Protected Areas of Colombia. The species has a potential distribution in the central region of the Andes in the Cordillera Central and Occidental, which connects all known populations. Precipitation and temperature, especially during the driest season, were the most influential variables in the model, which is coherent regarding the requirements for humidity and climatic stability in Amblypygi. Only one of the known populations is recorded in a protected area, so it is necessary to design better conservation strategies to preserve H. boterorum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A list of 49 species of caddisflies collected between 1985 and 2010 in the provinces of Cuenca, Guadalajara and Ciudad Real is presented. 13 species are new records for Castilla-La Mancha and 24 are new provincial records. Likewise, the first Catalog of Caddisflies of Castilla-La Mancha is presented, based on our data and a critical and detailed bibliographic review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A detailed and illustrated description of Bruchidius misellus (Boheman, 1833), is offered, being a poorly known species, which has always been considered as a variety of other species of the unicolor group, but currently there is scientific consensus in considering it as a good species, with distribution restricted to a few countries of the Western Mediterranean, including those of the Iberian Peninsula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distributional patterns of the species of the South American freshwater crayfishes of the family Parastacidae were analysed using panbiogeographical track analyses to identify targeted regions of crayfish biodiversity for understanding biogeographical patterns. Two generalized tracks were identified using the track analysis approach: (1) Uruguay and Brazil (Parastacus brasiliensis , P. brasiliensis promatensis , P. buckupi , P. caeruleodactylus , P. defossus , P. fluviatilis , P. gomesae , P. guapo , P. macanudo , P. pilimanus , P. pilicarpus , P. saffordi , P. tuerkayi , P. varicosus); and (2) Central-southern Chile (P. nicoleti , P. pugnax , Samastacus spinifrons , Virilastacus araucanius , V. jarai , V. retamali and V. rucapihuelensis). These areas were exclusive, with no overlap between them. The results indicate the presence of South American Parastacidae crayfish in Atlantic coastal sub-tropical and Pacific coastal temperate wet climate regions with biogeographic similarities to other South American inland water decapods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]