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2. Hypoalbuminaemia and Blood Urea Nitrogen/Creatinine Ratio as Early Markers of Acute Kidney Injury in Postoperative Cardiac Patients- A Prospective Study.

Author

SENGHOR, K. A. ARUL, MANOHAR, KOPURI, VINODHINI, V. M., and RENUKA, P.

Subjects
*SURGICAL complications, *BLOOD urea nitrogen, *CORONARY artery bypass, *SERUM albumin, *CREATININE, *SUPERPARAMAGNETIC materials
Abstract

Introduction: Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) occurs as the consequence of intraoperative risk factors associated with cardiac surgery. Biochemical monitoring of patients undergoing cardiac surgery enables early detection of AKI. Serum albumin and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN): creatinine ratio serves as a simple tool for identifying increased risk of AKI. Aim: To determine serum albumin and the BUN: creatinine ratio as a predictive tool for AKI risk in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Materials and Methods: The present prospective observational study was conducted at Cardio Thoracic super specialty unit of SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, between July 2020 to March 2021. A total of 30 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting in the age group between 40 to 70 years with normal serum creatinine levels were included. Preoperative and postoperative parameters such as urea, creatinine, total protein, serum albumin, BUN: creatinine ratio and estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) were calculated. Data were analysed statistically by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Student's t-test. Results: In present study, 24 (80%) were males and 6 (20%) were females. The mean age of the male and female patients was 57±0.72 years and 55.3±0.81 years respectively. Mean BUN: creatinine ratio was decreased on day 1 (16±0.78) and day 3 (8.19±0.87) postoperative phase as compared to preoperative day (14±0.63). Compared with preoperative albumin (3.65±0.1 g/ dL), hypoalbuminaemia was found on first and third postoperative day, (3.07±0.05 and 3.04±0.05 g/dL) respectively. With Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, Area Under the Curve (AUC) for albumin and BUN: creatinine ratio was 0.72 and 0.67 which revealed the diagnostic sensitivity of 86% and 78% respectively. On day 3 postoperative eGFR fell by 12.5%, indicating a danger of kidney injury. Conclusion: Hypoalbuminaemia and BUN: Creatinine ratio are simple biochemical tools to predict AKI in postoperative phase after cardiac surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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3. Hypoalbuminaemia and Blood Urea Nitrogen/Creatinine Ratio as Early Markers of Acute Kidney Injury in Postoperative Cardiac Patients- A Prospective Study

Author

KA Arul Senghor, Kopuri Manohar, VM Vinodhini, and P Renuka

Subjects
biochemical tools, coronary artery bypass grafting, renal injury, Medicine
Abstract

Introduction: Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) occurs as the consequence of intraoperative risk factors associated with cardiac surgery. Biochemical monitoring of patients undergoing cardiac surgery enables early detection of AKI. Serum albumin and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN): creatinine ratio serves as a simple tool for identifying increased risk of AKI. Aim: To determine serum albumin and the BUN: creatinine ratio as a predictive tool for AKI risk in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Materials and Methods: The present prospective observational study was conducted at Cardio Thoracic super specialty unit of SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, between July 2020 to March 2021. A total of 30 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting in the age group between 40 to 70 years with normal serum creatinine levels were included. Preoperative and postoperative parameters such as urea, creatinine, total protein, serum albumin, BUN: creatinine ratio and estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) were calculated. Data were analysed statistically by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Student’s t-test. A p-value

Published
2022
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4. Potential use of the oligochaete Limnodrilus profundicola V., as a bioindicator of contaminant exposure

Author

Adile Ozdemir, Alaattin Sen, and Mustafa Duran

Subjects
methomyl, Water samples, Insecticides, Turkey, Organoplatinum Compounds, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, environmental exposure, Methomyl, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Fresh Water, Methyl Parathion, Toxicology, Turkey (republic), chemistry.chemical_compound, Model substrates, biochemical composition, water sampling, Pyrethrins, Bioindicator species, acetylthiocholine, Cholinesterases, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, enzyme inhibition, media_common, Platinum compounds, butyrylthiocholine, water pollution, ethoxyresorufin deethylase, integumentary system, Freshwater oligochaetes, choline derivative, article, General Medicine, biological marker, Pollution, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, inhibition, unclassified drug, enzyme activity, streamwater, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic, Oil-contaminated sediments, priority journal, Environmental chemistry, Toxicity, biomarker, annelid worm, Biological Markers, Environmental Monitoring, sampling, cholinesterase, media_common.quotation_subject, substrate, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Biology, Limnodrilus profundicola, propionylthiocholine, Anoxic sediments, In-vivo, Nitriles, Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1, Ecotoxicology, bioindicator, Animals, Oligochaeta, Contaminant exposure, Pollutant, EROD activity, parathion methyl, nonhuman, Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, insecticide, pollution exposure, deltamethrin, PAH, Biochemical tools, Deltamethrin, chemistry, sediment, Acetylthiocholine, annelid, Bioindicator, Biomarkers, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract

Cholinesterase (ChE) and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) were of special interest to this study as these biochemical tools have been widely used for the determination of exposure to pollutants. In this study, the freshwater oligochaete Limnodrilus profundicola was tested for its potential as a bioindicator of freshwater pollution. For this purpose, the ChE and EROD activities of L. profundicola and the level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) of water samples collected from different sites along the Curuksu stream on the Menderes River (the ancient Meander) running through south-western Turkey were studied. First, these activities were characterized using, as model substrates, acetylthiocholine (ATC), propionylthiocholine (PTC), and butyrylthiocholine (BTC). Then, the in vivo effects of insecticides and pollutants on these activities were investigated. L. profundicola were exposed to various doses of methyl-parathion, methomyl, and deltamethrin. Although significant inhibition of ChE was detected with each of the insecticides, the highest level of inhibition was observed with methyl-parathion. In addition to the inhibition of ChE, the activity of EROD was induced by exposure to oil-contaminated sediments. Thus, although L. profundicola has a reputation for being very resistant to pollution (although it is not insensitive to it), we demonstrated that it may potentially be used as a bioindicator species for contaminant exposure when ChE and EROD are used as biomarkers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Published
2010

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