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Rural internet finance is a new business mode combining traditional rural finance with internet technology, which has the functions of accelerating the innovation of rural financial products and inclusive finance, and has important practical significance for promoting agricultural modernization and solving the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. On the basis of expounding the present situation of China's rural Internet finance development, this paper analyzes the opportunities and challenges faced by China's rural Internet finance development, and puts forward some countermeasures to promote the healthy development of rural Internet finance from five aspects: strengthening the supervision of rural Internet finance, perfecting the rural credit system, establishing and perfecting the risk control system of rural Internet finance, increasing the publicity of rural Internet finance, and cultivating rural Internet finance talents.

Background Erectile dysfunction (ED) demonstrates seasonal variation with higher rates in winter, and we hypothesize that endothelial damage in erectile tissue caused by bradykinin receptor B1 (B1R) might be detrimental to this change. Aim To find out direct correlations between cold stress and ED, through which to further investigate the functional roles of B1R in erectile tissue and to elucidate the therapeutic roles of the B1R antagonist in a cold stress–induced ED rat model. Methods Cold stress rat models are established through long-term intermittent exposure to low temperature. After their erectile function was assessed, ED rats were treated with the B1R antagonist through intraperitoneal injection. Penile tissues were obtained at the end of the experiment after measurement of intracavernosal pressure/mean arterial pressure (ICP/MAP); the location and distribution of cytokine expression were determined by immunohistochemistry; cytokine levels and NOS and CD31 expression were detected by Western blotting; and collagen fibers and smooth muscles were observed through Masson staining. Outcomes Cold stress impairs erectile function, and the B1R antagonist protects against it. Results We observed decreased erection frequency, prolonged erection latency time, decreased ICP/MAP, overexpression of B1R, increased expression of cytokines on cavernous sinus endothelium, and increased levels of collagen fibers/smooth muscles on erectile tissue in response to cold stress. Also, NOS and CD31 expression was downregulated. B1R antagonist treatment shows enhanced erectile function through increased erection frequency, shortened erection latency time, and increased ICP/MAP. Also, it reduces collagen fibers/smooth muscles, TNF-α, TGF-β1, and IL-6 and upregulates the expression of nNOS and CD31. Clinical Translation Our findings cast new light on the correlations between cold stress and erectile function and potential new applications of existing B1R antagonist drugs in the field of ED. Strengths and Limitations Our data support that cold stress impairs erectile function. B1R-mediated, cytokine-induced corpus cavernosum fibrosis and endothelial damage might be the main reason behind it, and B1R inhibition protects against fibrosis and endothelial damage. Other ways of B1R antagonist blocking methods in different types of ED still need to be investigated. Conclusion Long-term intermittent cold stress impairs erectile function, and B1R-mediated, cytokine-induced corpus cavernosum fibrosis and endothelial damage might be the main reason behind it. B1R inhibition also protects against fibrosis and endothelial damage. Our data support the hypothesis that cold stress impairs erectile function and that B1R blockade ameliorates the symptoms of ED, possibly by reversing fibrosis and endothelial damage in erectile tissue.

The hierarchical self-assembly of molecular building blocks provides promising opportunities toward the exploration of functional soft materials with structural programmability. Here, we report the hierarchical self-assembly behaviors of amphiphilic miktoarm star copolymers with pathway complexity. In our experiments, supramolecular miktoarm star copolymers with a cluster core of [α-SiW12O40]4− and four polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene glycol) cations (PSn-b+-PEGm, n = 17, 26, 39, 57, 81; m = 45, SEW-1–5) are used as a model of amphiphilic miktoarm stars. When dispersed in the selective THF/methanol and toluene/methanol mixture solvents, the miktoarm stars of SEW-2–5 self-assemble to form bundled fibers, sheet-like assemblies, and hollow spheres. These complex structures are packed by reverse cylindrical or spherical micelles having [α-SiW12O40]4−/PEG45 cores and PSn coronas, wherein the micelle building blocks are originally formed by SEW-2–5 in the nonselective solvents THF and toluene. These hierarchically self-assembled structures do not resemble micelle-like nano-objects formed by amphiphilic copolymers in selective solvents. The mechanism behind such unconventional aggregates is presumably due to intra- and inter-micelle van der Waals attractions occurring under poor solvent conditions for the PSn coronas. The difference is that SEW-3–5 self-assemble into normal vesicles with a PSn core and a [α-SiW12O40]4−/PEG45 corona in the chloroform/methanol mixture solvent. The reverse cylinders, rices, and spheres originally fabricated from SEW-3–5 in chloroform experience molecular reorganization for such normal vesicles in the present selective solvents. Moreover, SEW-1 forms normal lamellae in all the methanol based mixture solvents. The results presented herein not only enable us to reconsider the self-assembly behaviors of amphiphilic miktoarm stars in solution, but also provide opportunities for constructing advanced functional materials with high-level structural hierarchy.

Pore-forming toxins (PFTs), the most common virulence proteins, are promising therapeutic keys in bacterial infections. CAL02, consisting of sphingomyelin (Sm) and containing a maximum ratio of cholesterol (Ch), has been applied to sequester PFTs. However, Sm, a saturated phospholipid, leads to structural rigidity of the liposome, which does not benefit PFT combination. Therefore, in order to decrease the membrane rigidity and improve the fluidity of liposomes, we have introduced an unsaturated phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine (Pc), to the saturated Sm. In this report, a soft nanoliposome (called CSPL), composed of Ch, Sm and Pc, was artificially prepared. In order to further improve its antibacterial effect, vancomycin (Van) was loaded into the hydrophilic core of CSPL, where Van can be released radically at the infectious site through transmembrane pores formed by the PFTs in CSPL. This soft Van@CSPL nanoliposome with detoxification/drug release was able to inhibit the possibility of antibiotic resistance and could play a better role in treating severe invasive infections in mice.

The microwave scatterometer onboard the China-France Oceanography Satellite (CFOSAT Scatterometer, CSCAT) is the first rotating fan-beam scatterometer (RFSCAT) in operation. It is used to obtain the ocean surface wind field by measuring the backscattering coefficient over a large observation swath. To estimate the backscattering coefficient, the scatterometer needs to measure the scattered signal accurately. The process of removing noise from the echo signal (scattered signal plus noise) is called noise subtraction. Noise subtraction has a great influence on the measurement of the backscattering coefficient and subsequent wind field retrieval. Therefore, accurate noise subtraction is necessary and important. In this article, an improved noise subtraction method for CSCAT is proposed. According to the distribution characteristics of backscattering coefficients, noise correction factors are introduced to improve the noise subtraction of CSCAT. The ocean surface wind fields are obtained using the improved backscattering coefficient data, and the deviation of wind speed and direction are calculated by comparison with the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts wind fields. The results show that the improved noise subtraction method can lead to improvement of the quality of wind field effectively. In addition, based on the improved method of noise subtraction, a method of estimating the noise correction factor is proposed at a large incidence angle, furtherly improving the noise subtraction method. The results show that the proposed method is effective.

We here present an orthogonal self-assembly strategy to fabricate a series of metallosupramolecular polymers by coupling planar platinum(II) complexes and starlike poly(ε-caprolactone), through Pt···Pt/π-π interactions and host-guest recognition between secondary dialkylammonium salts and crown ether groups. The solid metallosupramolecular polymers exhibit sub-10 nm scale lamellar structures and one of them occupies an extraordinary degree of long-range order. The platinum(II) complexes can be regarded as an individual supramolecular block to microphase segregate the polymeric segment. Moreover, the metallosupramolecular polymers show intense luminescence and appreciable proton conductivity, originating from these two supramolecular connection modes, respectively. This work paves the way for fabricating metallosupramolecular polymers showing both highly ordered nanostructures and multifunctional properties.

As an accurate, safe, and effective noninvasive examination method, imaging examination has been widely used in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of focal liver lesions. Enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS), enhanced CT (CECT), and enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CEMRI) are the most commonly used enhanced imaging methods in clinical practice, all of which can accurately determine the nature of liver lesions. The purpose of this paper is to study the application of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and magnetic resonance enhancement in cancer diagnosis based on the Internet of Things medical system. The basic clinical data, CEUS, and enhanced CT/MRI findings of 120 CHC patients were retrospectively analyzed. The clinicopathological features of CHC patients were investigated by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and CT/MRI enhanced mode. The diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and enhanced CT/MRI combined with tumor markers in CHC was analyzed. The experimental results showed that the sensitivities of CEUS, enhanced MRI, and their combination in diagnosing CHC were 72.44%, 81.56%, and 93.78%, respectively. This experiment has an important value in the diagnosis of primary liver cancer.

The fabrication of ordered self-assembled nanopatterns in block copolymer films, especially aligned nanostructures, has gained considerable attention. Here, we present a simple approach based on de...

By means of in situ small-/wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) techniques, nucleation mechanism for Form I crystals of polybutene-1 (PB-1) has been investigated by heating the early-stage polym...

Exploring ancient socio-economic adaptation is a basic issue of human-environment interaction. Xinjiang in northwest China is a region of high geographic diversity. Past human adaptations to this arid marginal area is a current focus of research interest but still lacks in-depth study. This article presents data from the Wupu Cemetery, located in the extremely arid Hami Basin in the eastern Tianshan Mountains. Archaeobotanical analysis is used to reconstruct the local environment niche and the subsistence economy of inhabitants. Radiocarbon dating results indicate the cemetery was occupied between 3000 and 2400 cal BP, during the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age. In total 16 species of the plant remains are identified, including four cereal crops, foxtail millet ( Setaria italica), broomcorn millet ( Panicum miliaceum), naked barley ( Hordeum vulgare var. coeleste), wheat ( Triticum aestivum) and 12 wild types. The riparian plant Populus euphratica and aquatic plant Typha sp. indicate inhabitants lived in an oasis near the cemetery. Environmental interpretation of this data compares well with other seven sites in arid southern Xinjiang. In addition to faunal remains from the site, it is assumed that a flexible system of multi-crop farming and herding was the subsistence pattern around Wupu. This system was widespread across Inner Asia and appears to have played a central role in adapting to different marginal environments during the Bronze Age and Iron Age.

Chemo-immunotherapy holds the advantage of specific antitumor effects by activating T cell immune response. However, the efficiency of chemo-immunotherapy is restricted to the insufficient antigen presentation of dendritic cells (DCs) in the tumor immunosuppression microenvironment. Here, we rationally designed a simple yet versatile calcium ion nanogenerator to disrupt the autophagy inhibition condition within DCs, enrich damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and attenuate acidity in the tumor microenvironment. After chemotherapy, honeycomb calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles (OVA@CaCO3, denoted as HOCN, ovalbumin (OVA) acted as skeleton) could preferentially accumulate in the tumor and display a series of benefits for disrupting multiple barriers in antigen cross-presentation of DCs: (i) recovering cell viability of DCs by HOCN-induced tumor acidity attenuating; (ii) disrupting the autophagy inhibition condition in DCs by generating Ca2+ in cells; (iii) improving maturation of DCs by Ca2+ overloading-mediated enhanced DAMP release from tumor cells. In addition, HOCN can also disrupt the immunosuppressive microenvironment by reducing the infiltration of immunosuppressive cells and factors. We believe regulation of the intratumoral Ca2+ offers an alternative strategy for improving cancer chemo-immunotherapy.

It is well-known that amphiphilic star-shaped copolymers can self-assemble in selective solvents to form complicated micellar constructs as a synergistic result of both the topological constraints and relative volume fractions of the arms. Although the association phenomena of amphiphilic stars have been observed in nonselective solvents, both the structural detail and formation mechanism of these associates are not clear yet. Moreover, these experimental observations are controversial with respect to molecularly dispersed starlike copolymers in nonselective solvents as is popularly believed. To clarify these issues, we have synthesized a series of polyoxometalate-based polystyrene-poly(ethylene glycol) (PS-PEG) miktoarm star supramolecular copolymers (SEW-1-5) by coupling a Keggin-type polyoxometalate of K4[α-SiW12O40] with 1,2,3-triazolium bridged block copolymers of PSn-b+-PEGmI− (n=17, 26, 39, 57, 81; m=45) through ionic exchange reactions, respectively. TEM imaging, contact angle and 1H NMR studies reveal that SEW-2-5 self-assemble in chloroform, THF, and toluene to create micellelike aggregates ranging from cylinder to sphere with a PS corona and a PEG core, while for SEW-1, reverse bilayers are captured with a PEG corona and a PS core. Among these aggregates, the Keggin clusters of [α-SiW12O40]4− localize at the core-corona interfaces between PS and PEG. In terms of solvent quality, chloroform, THF, and toluene are only slightly poorer for PEG than that for PS with a relative order of chloroform

The melting of crystals is a typical first-order phase transition. Pioneering experiments revealed that the melting of polymer crystals could be governed by the laws that were established based on ...

We have investigated the lateral charge transport in a multilamellar network of crystalline structures of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) embedded in a matrix of small crystallites and amorphous poly...

Natron-based glass was a vital part of material culture in the Mediterranean and Europe for nearly two millennia, but natron glass found elsewhere on the Eurasian Continent has not received adequate discussion, despite its influence on ancient Asian glass. Here we present a new interpretation of natron glass finds from both the West and the East. After establishing the compositional types and technological sequence of Mediterranean natron glass (eighth-second century BCE) using trace elements, we report the analysis of a mid-1st millennium BCE glass bead from Xinjiang, China, which was likely made with Levantine raw glass, and identify common types of stratified eye beads in Eurasia based on a compositional and typological comparison. Combining these findings, we propose that a considerable number of Mediterranean natron glass products had arrived in East Asia at least by the fifth century BCE, which may have been a contributing factor in the development of native Chinese glass-making. The swift diffusion of natron glass across Eurasia in the 1st millennium BCE was likely facilitated by a three-stage process involving maritime and overland networks and multiple forms of trade and exchange, indicating a highly adaptable and increasingly efficient transcontinental connection along the ‘Proto-Silk Road’.

Chemo-immunotherapy holds the advantage of specific antitumor effects by activating T cell immune response. However, the efficiency of chemo-immunotherapy is restricted to the insufficient antigen presentation of dendritic cells (DCs) in the tumor immunosuppression microenvironment. Here, we rationally designed a simple yet versatile calcium ion nanogenerator to disrupt the autophagy inhibition condition within DCs, enrich damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and attenuate acidity in the tumor microenvironment. After chemotherapy, honeycomb calcium carbonate (CaCO

Objective To introduce the emergency management of nursing human resources and supplies of a large general hospital when facing the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). Method The Nursing Department of the hospital fully executed its functional authority to establish a three-level echelon of sustainable support, allocate human recourses dynamically, organize pre-service training, supervise the key working steps, formulate positive incentive methods, and deploy medical supplies scientifically. Result By taking these strategies, the hospital effectively improved the coping capacity of the nursing team and played a positive role in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Conclusion The emergency management of nursing human resources and material resources for COVID-19 of the hospital is successful. But several deficiencies were identified as well, which indicated that the hospital needs to establish an efficient emergency management system, and pay attention to the practice of nursing emergency plans to enhance coping capacities in public health emergencies.

Pore-forming toxins (PFTs), as the most commonly virulence proteins, are the potent defensive or aggressive "weapons" in multiple bacterial infections. To reduce their damage to the host cells and lighten the degree of bacterial infections, it is a crucial step to remove PFTs in the process of treatment. Based on the pore-forming priciple between PFTs and the membrane of animal cells, we artificially prepared a novel broad-spectrum nanoantidote liposome (called the CSPL), which was composed by natural membrane components existing in human cells. High-concentration and abundant ingredient for toxin-binding as well as the favourable liquidity of CSPL itself guaranteed the forceful affinity for PFTs. With α-toxin as the model of PFTs, CSPL displayed powerful absorbing efficacy in vitro. In addition, CSPL demonstrated notable treatment efficiency in staphylococcus aureus infections in vivo. Finally, we developed vancomycin-loaded CSPL (Van@CSPL), in which the Van can be released at the infectious site through the transmembrane pores in the membrane of CSPL. Therefore, this functionalized integrative platform with detoxification/drug release was able to protect from severe invasive infections in mice. This safe and effective CSPL provides a new strategy for improving the treatment of bacterial infections.

Patterning the electronic properties of semiconducting polymers on surfaces at the nanometer scale has a significant impact on their application in nanophotonics and nanoelectronics. Surprisingly, little attention has been paid to methods employing the phase transition from crystal to melt and thermally activated oxidation of conjugated polymer crystals, both accompanied by dramatic changes in electrical conductivity. Here, we propose a novel concept based on bias-controlled scanning probe lithography (SPL) which permits localized oxidation of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) crystals and enables the on-demand formation of nanoscale, nonconductive structures without visible changes in topography. The approach relies on Joule heating induced local melting and oxidation of P3HT, resulting in nanoscopic nonconductive structures. Besides locally switching off electrical conductivity, this approach even allows to tune the electrical conductivity by adjusting the applied bias. Thus, we can generate patterns with n...

Using optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy, we studied systematically crystallization patterns in thin films of a low molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) resulting from a kinetically controlled self-seeding approach. In particular, the influence of seeding temperature (Ts) and heating rate (Vh) on the various resulting crystallization patterns was investigated. Crystallization at 49 °C resulted in dendritic PEO crystals consisting of almost exclusively twice-folded chains. Upon heating these crystals, we observed crystal thickening due to a reduction in the average number of chain folds. On the basis of the detected morphology, we deduced that the density of seeded PEO crystals decreased when increasing Ts from 54 to 57 °C. At the highest Vh (i.e., 100 °C/min), only a few well-separated faceted single crystals of PEO were grown from individual seeds. In contrast to such random distribution of crystals, because of a faster reduction of chain folds at the edges of PEO lamellae, an almost c...

Multivalent secondary dialkylammonium salt/crown ether [2]pseudorotaxane, supramolecular polymer networks have been obtained by mixing surfactant-encapsulated clusters with dibenzo[24]crown-8 groups and star polymers end functionalized with dibenzylammonium ions. This induces remarkable enhancements and rational control of proton conductivity of the supramolecular networks.

Lead isotopic analysis on metals of the Bronze Age of Hami Basin (1800-400 BCE) principally focus on the early sites such as the Tianshanbeilu cemetery and Liushugou Site. Opinions on their provenience are wildly divergent. This research presents 29 lead isotope data of metals from Wupu cemetery (1000-400 cal BCE) as an important site from the late period and ten from Tianshanbeilu cemetery as well as their chemical composition and metallographic structure. Combined with existing data, this article comprehensively discusses the possibly existing circulation network of metal resources between the Hami Basin and the other three areas, namely the southern Altai Mountains, the Hexi Corridor, and the West Tianshan Mountains during the Bronze Age, and provides a new understanding of the role played by the Hami Basin in the Bronze Age as one of the cultural passageways linking the eastern Eurasian steppe and the Hexi Corridor.

Grass woven baskets is a famous feature of Gumugou cemetery (3800 BP), an early Bronze Age necropolis in Tarim basin, northwestern China. They were suggested to be used for storage of liquid foods, for example gruel, ephedra soup or milk, however this notion has not been supported by analytical facts. We applied comprehensive multi-technique analytical approach, including FT-IR, proteomics, GC–MS and starch grains analyses to characterize minute amount of dried organic film preserved on the inner surface of one of the Gumugou grass woven baskets. The analysis revealed the presence of Bovidae milk proteins and traces of lactic acid bacteria. Together with the relative abundance of detected caseins and whey proteins it suggested that the organic deposit in the woven basket was strained sour milk. No ephedra biomarkers or starch grains were found. The protein composition of Gumugou sample differed from solid dairy products recently discovered at the nearby Xiaohe Cemetery. We speculate that the alterations in local dairy technologies might be the result of two processes: climatic changes in the region of Tarim basin and admix of early European settlers with lactose-intolerant Eastern ethnic group. European ancestry of Gumugou inhabitants suggested that the milking practice in the Tarim region was promoted by the eastward migration of European population which was predominantly lactose–persistent. Xiaohe site (3600 BP) was inhabited by a West-East admixed community for whom solid dairy products became a dietary requirement that offered its inhabitants an advantage in better adaptation to the worsening climate.

Despite advances in controlled drug delivery, drug-delivery systems with controlled activatable drug release and high spatial and temporal resolution are still required. PEGylation has been extensively used to increase the circulation time of controlled drug-delivery systems, but polyethylene glycol (PEG) is unsuitable for uptake by tumor cells because it causes steric hindrance. In this study, a near-infrared (NIR)-light-regulated drug-delivery system with enhanced cellular uptake was developed using a hybrid nanoplatform (GO@Au). GO@Au modified with tumoral-acid-cleavable PEG circumvents the hindrance effect of PEG grafted onto the drug-delivery system without sacrificing the property of a long circulation time. With the application of NIR light, both GO and Au in GO@Au strongly absorb the NIR energy, leading to intense resonance, and causing the release of a significant proportion of the loaded drug. GO@Au retains most of the loaded drug without NIR. We show the feasibility of using this nanocarrier as a targeted, noninvasive remote-controlled drug-delivery system with high spatial and temporal resolution. Integrating chemotherapy and photothermal therapy functions into one system, we investigated the therapeutic effects of DOX-loaded GO@Au-PEG, with highly efficient drug loading. Our in vitro and in vivo results reveal a synergistic effect, enhancing the therapeutic effects of the drugs and reducing their adverse effects. These results highlight the great potential utility of GO@Au-PEG/DOX in the treatment of cancer.

Despite recent advances in enhancing photodynamic therapy efficacy, high-efficiency reactive oxygen species (ROS)-based therapy approach, especially in malignancy tumor treatment, remains challenging. Relieving the hypoxia of tumor tissue has been considered to be an attractive strategy for enhancing ROS-based treatment effect. Nevertheless, it is frequently neglected that the hypoxic regions are usually located deep in the tumors and therefore are usually inaccessible. To address these limitations, herein we constructed a sequential intercellular delivery system (MFLs/LAOOH@DOX) that consists of a membrane fusion liposomes (MFLs) doped with linoleic acid hydroperoxide (LAOOH) in the lipid bilayer and antitumor doxorubicin (DOX) encapsulated inside. In this report, LAOOH, one of the primary products of lipid peroxidation in vivo, was selected as ROS-generated agent herein, which depends on Fe2+ rather than oxygen and other external stimuli to produce ROS. Upon the enhanced permeation and retention effect, MFLs/LAOOH@DOX first fused with tumor cell membranes in the perivascular region in synchrony with selective delivery of LAOOH into the plasma membrane and the on-demand intracellular release of DOX. By hitchhiking with extracellular vesicles, LAOOH, as a cell membrane natural ingredient, spread gradually to neighboring cells and throughout the entire tumor eventually. Combined with subsequent administration of nano Fe3O4, ROS was specifically generated on the tumor cell membrane by LAOOH throughout the tumor tissues. This study offers a new method to enhance ROS-based antitumor treatment efficiency.

A wide range of possible applications in sensors and optoelectronic devices have focused considerable attention on porous membranes made of semi-conducting polymers. In this study, porous films of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) were conveniently constructed through spin-coating of solutions of a blend of P3HT and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Pores were formed by phase separation driven simultaneously by incompatibility and crystallization. The influence of the polymer concentration (c), molecular weight (Mn) and spin-coating temperature (Tsp) on the pore size and structure was investigated. With increasing c from 0.5 to 5.0 wt%, the pore diameter (d) varied from ≈1.3 μm to ≈38 μm. Similarly, we observed a substantial increase of d with increasing Mn of PEG, while changing Mn of P3HT did not affect d. Micron- and nano-scale pores coexisted in porous P3HT films. While incompatibility of P3HT and PEG caused the formation of nano-pores, micron-scale pores resulted from crystallization in the PEG-rich domains by forcing PEG molecules to diffuse from the surrounding PEG–P3HT blend region to the crystal growth front.

China is experiencing the rural development process, with the agritourism complex becoming one of the significant modes. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the energy performance of agritourism complex. This study focuses on a typical case of the agritourism complex and simulates the energy consumption performance on condition of the regular energy system. It was found that HVAC took 90% of the whole energy demand range. In order to optimize the energy supply structure, the hierarchical analysis was carried out on the level of architecture with three main factors such as construction situation, building types and energy demand types. Finally, the energy planning suggestion of the agritourism complex was put forward and the relevant results were obtained.

Although chemodynamic therapy (CDT) holds the advantage of tumor treatment by generating hydroxyl radicals (·OH) without the participation of O2, insufficient H2O2 and the hindered Fe ion circulation remain major hurdles for its clinical application. Herein, we developed a hybrid nanoparticle with H2O2 self-supply and iron ion self-circulation properties for enhanced CDT. Through encapsulation of CaO2 with ZIF-8 and in situ assembled Fe3+/TA (tannic acid) on the surface, the hybrid nanoparticles (CaO2@ZIF8@MPN) were prepared. The Fe3+/TA coating could dissociate in response to lysosomal acidity, and release Fe3+ and TA subsequently. Significantly, the unprotected CaO2 can be degraded to H2O2 and Ca2+, providing sufficient materials for CDT and resulting in a Ca2+ “storm” for ion therapy. Meanwhile, TA could convert Fe3+ to Fe2+, realizing a self-circulation for promoting the sustained generation of ·OH. Interestingly, Fe3+/TA coating endows the nanoparticles with photothermal property, which accelerated the degradation and further improved the efficiency of Fenton reaction, obtaining 77.7% of tumor growth inhibited rate without obvious adverse effect in tumor-bearing mice. Our findings showed CaO2@ZIF8@MPN had potential to be applied for enhanced CDT synergistic antitumor ion therapy.

The traditional drug delivery systems always suffer from the unexpected drug release during circulation and the sluggish release of drug in target site. To address the problem, an "off-on" type drug delivery system with precise control was developed in this study. Doxorubicin (DOX) was covalently conjugated to fullerene (C60) nanoaggregates via a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive thioketal linker (C60-DOX NPs), and then the hydrophilic shell (Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-PEG-CNGRCK2HK3HK11, DSPE-PEG-NGR) was attached to the outer surface of C60-DOX, giving it (C60-DOX-NGR NP) excellent stability in physiological solutions and active tumor-targeting capacity. C60-DOX-NGR NPs were able to entrap DOX efficiently even at acidic environment (pH5.5) when they were "off" state. In sharp contrast, when the NPs were "on" state, a large number of ROS were generated by C60, leading to the breaking of ROS-sensitive linker, thereby enabling the burst release of DOX. The "off" or "on" state of C60-DOX-NGR NPs could be precisely remote-controlled by a 532nm laser (at a low power density) with a high spatial/temporal resolution. In the in vivo and in vitro studies, the C60-based drug delivery system with "off-on" state exhibited a high antitumor efficacy and a low toxicity to normal tissues due to its tumor-targeting ability, remote-controlled drug release property and combined therapeutic effect (photodynamic therapy combined with chemotherapy).

Flow-induced dendritic β-form isotactic polypropylene (iPP) lamellae in thin films have been investigated using optical microscopy (OM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Shear flow in a thin film was induced by scratching supercooled iPP melt with a sharp scalpel at a constant rate. After subsequent isothermal crystallization, an extremely high nucleation density of edge-on α-iPP crystals oriented perpendicular to the flow direction was observed. Increasing shear flow temperature from 130 to 190 °C led to a decrease in both number density of flow-induced edge-on α-iPP lamellae and subsequent β-iPP crystals. Interestingly, two distinct paths for the change in orientation of edge-on crystals could be identified. The most probable route was the transition from edge-on to leaf-shaped α-iPP flat-on crystals. The transition from edge-on α-iPP lamellae to β-iPP flat-on crystals with dendritic shape occurred less frequently. We suggest a stepwise process for flow-induced growth of β-iPP crystals associated with ...

Despite advances in drug delivery systems (DDSs), the stimuli-responsive controlled release DDSs with high spatial/temporal resolution are still the best choice. Herein, a novel type of envelope-type mesoporous titanium dioxide nanoparticle (MTN) was developed for one-demand drug delivery platform. Docetaxel (DTX) was loaded in the pores of MTN with a high drug loading efficiency (∼26%). Then β-cyclodextrin (β-CD, a bulky gatekeeper) was attached to the outer surface of MTN via a reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensitive linker to block the pores (MTN@DTX-CD). MTN@DTX-CD could entrap the DTX in the pores and allow the rapid release until a focused ultrasound (US) emerged. A large number of ROS were generated by MTN under US radiation, leading to the cleavage of the ROS-sensitive linker; thus, DTX could be released rapidly since the gatekeepers (β-CD) were detached. Besides, the generation of ROS could also be used for tumor-specific sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Studies have shown the feasibility of MTN@DTX-CD for US-triggered DTX release and sonodynamic-chemotherapy. In the in vitro and in vivo studies, by integrating SDT and chemotherapy into one system, MTN@DTX-CD showed excellent antitumor efficacy. More importantly, this novel DDS significantly decreased the side effects of DTX by avoiding the spleen and hematologic toxicity to tumor-bearing mice.

Clinical data shows that antitumor treatments are often ineffective if tumor cells have metastasized. To gain an effective antitumor therapeutic effect, in this report, the tumor cell was limited to the primary site and simultaneously ablated by chemotherapy. Considering the extremely complicated process of cancer metastasis, we seek to comprehensively suppress tumor metastases at both micro and macro levels, which closely link to migration and interact with each other. At the micro level, the motility of the tumor cell was decreased via accelerating mitochondria fusion. At the macro level, the unfavorable hypoxia environment was improved. A liposome-based multifunctional nanomedicine was designed by coloading latrunculin B (LAT-B), an inhibitor of actin polymerization, and doxorubicin (DOX) into the hydrophobic bilayers and aqueous cavity, respectively. Meanwhile, an oxygen reservoir named perfluoropentane (PFP) was encapsulated into the liposome core to fulfill synergistic treatment of metastatic tumors. In this paper, we demonstrated that the metastasis of the tumor cell could be effectively inhibited by LAT-B through promoting mitochondria fusion without affecting its function, making it as an encouraging candidate for effective anti-metastasis therapy. Meanwhile, we found that the combination of LAT-B and DOX shows a synergistic effect against tumors because the combined effect of these two drugs cover the entire cell proliferation process. In a word, this report presents a potential improvement in the treatment of metastatic cancer.