134 results on '"Bingaman Lackey, Laurie'
Search Results
2. Assessing zoo giraffe survivorship: Methodological aspects, historical improvement and a rapid demographic shift
- Author
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Scherer, Lara; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5136-1047, Bingaman Lackey, Laurie; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9612-9807, Hahn-Klimroth, Max, Müller, Dennis W H; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9996-064X, Roller, Marco; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5678-0892, Bertelsen, Mads F; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9201-7499, Jebram, Jörg, Dierkes, Paul Wilhelm; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6046-6406, Clauss, Marcus; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3841-6207, Scherer, Lara; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5136-1047, Bingaman Lackey, Laurie; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9612-9807, Hahn-Klimroth, Max, Müller, Dennis W H; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9996-064X, Roller, Marco; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5678-0892, Bertelsen, Mads F; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9201-7499, Jebram, Jörg, Dierkes, Paul Wilhelm; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6046-6406, and Clauss, Marcus; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3841-6207
- Abstract
Giraffe have been kept in zoos for a long time. They have traditionally been considered difficult to maintain due to various husbandry requirements, including their nature as intrinsic browsers. However, zoo animals are expected to achieve higher survivorship than free-ranging conspecifics due to protection against dangers that would be experienced in their natural habitat. Global zoo giraffe data was analysed for historical developments of juvenile and adult survivorship, assessing the data with various demographic measures and comparing it to that of populations from natural habitats. Additionally, zoo population structure was analysed, in particular with respect to two events that occurred in parallel in 2014—a recommendation to restrict the number of new offspring given by the European Endangered Species Programme (EEP) studbook coordinator and the culling of a designated ‘surplus’ giraffe at Copenhagen Zoo that attracted global media attention. Both juvenile and adult giraffe survivorship has increased over time, suggesting advances in giraffe husbandry. For juveniles, this process has been continuous, whereas for adults the major progress has been in the most recent cohort (from 2000 onwards), in parallel with the publication of various husbandry guidelines. Zoo giraffe survivorship is now generally above that observed in natural habitats. Simple survivorship analyses appear suitable to describe these developments. Since 2014, the global giraffe population has undergone a rapid demographic shift from a growing to an ageing population, indicating a drastic limitation of reproduction rather than a system where reproduction is allowed and selected animals are killed (and possibly fed to carnivores). Thus, giraffe are both a showcase example for the historical progress made in zoo animal husbandry due to efforts of the zoo community and serve as an example to discuss implications of different methods of zoo population management.
- Published
- 2024
3. The genome of the black-footed cat: Revealing a rich natural history and urgent conservation priorities for small felids
- Author
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Yuan, Jiaqing, primary, Kitchener, Andrew C., additional, Lackey, Laurie Bingaman, additional, Sun, Ting, additional, Jiangzuo, Qigao, additional, Tuohetahong, Yilamujiang, additional, Zhao, Le, additional, Yang, Peng, additional, Wang, Guiqiang, additional, Huang, Chen, additional, Wang, Jinhong, additional, Hou, Wenhui, additional, Liu, Yang, additional, Chen, Wu, additional, Mi, Da, additional, Murphy, William J., additional, and Li, Gang, additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Do Equids Live longer than Grazing Bovids?
- Author
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Tidière, Morgane, Duncan, Patrick, Lemaître, Jean-François, Gaillard, Jean-Michel, Lackey, Laurie Bingaman, Müller, Dennis W. H., and Clauss, Marcus
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The genome of the black-footed cat: Revealing a rich natural history and urgent conservation priorities for small felids.
- Author
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Jiaqing Yuan, Kitchener, Andrew C., Lackey, Laurie Bingaman, Ting Sun, Qigao Jiangzuo, Yilamujiang Tuohetahong, Le Zhao, Peng Yang, Guiqiang Wang, Chen Huang, Jinhong Wang, Wenhui Hou, Yang Liu, Wu Chen, Da Mi, Murphy, William J., and Gang Li
- Subjects
NATURAL history ,FELIDAE ,TIGERS ,REPRODUCTIVE isolation ,CATS - Abstract
Habitat degradation and loss of genetic diversity are common threats faced by almost all of today’s wild cats. Big cats, such as tigers and lions, are of great concern and have received considerable conservation attention through policies and international actions. However, knowledge of and conservation actions for small wild cats are lagging considerably behind. The black-footed cat, Felis nigripes, one of the smallest felid species, is experiencing increasing threats with a rapid reduction in population size. However, there is a lack of genetic information to assist in developing effective conservation actions. A de novo assembly of a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome of the black-footed cat was made, and comparative genomics and population genomics analyses were carried out. These analyses revealed that the most significant genetic changes in the evolution of the black-footed cat are the rapid evolution of sensory and metabolic-related genes, reflecting genetic adaptations to its characteristic nocturnal hunting and a high metabolic rate. Genomes of the black-footed cat exhibit a high level of inbreeding, especially for signals of recent inbreeding events, which suggest that they may have experienced severe genetic isolation caused by habitat fragmentation. More importantly, inbreeding associated with two deleterious mutated genes may exacerbate the risk of amyloidosis, the dominant disease that causes mortality of about 70% of captive individuals. Our research provides comprehensive documentation of the evolutionary history of the black-footed cat and suggests that there is an urgent need to investigate genomic variations of small felids worldwide to support effective conservation actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Historical development of the survivorship of zoo rhinoceroses—A comparative historical analysis
- Author
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Wittwer, Anita, Roller, Marco; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5678-0892, Müller, Dennis W H; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9996-064X, Bertelsen, Mads F; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9201-7499, Bingaman Lackey, Laurie; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9612-9807, Steck, Beatrice, Biddle, Rebecca, Versteege, Lars, Clauss, Marcus; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3841-6207, Wittwer, Anita, Roller, Marco; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5678-0892, Müller, Dennis W H; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9996-064X, Bertelsen, Mads F; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9201-7499, Bingaman Lackey, Laurie; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9612-9807, Steck, Beatrice, Biddle, Rebecca, Versteege, Lars, and Clauss, Marcus; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3841-6207
- Abstract
Zoo animal husbandry is a skill that should be developing constantly. In theory, this should lead to an improvement of zoo animal survivorship over time. Additionally, it has been suggested that species that are at a comparatively higher risk of extinction in their natural habitats (in situ) might also be more difficult to keep under zoo conditions (ex situ). Here, we assessed these questions for three zoo‐managed rhinoceros species with different extinction risk status allocated by the IUCN: the “critically endangered” black rhino (Diceros bicornis), the “vulnerable” greater one‐horned (GOH) rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis), and the “near threatened” white rhino (Ceratotherium simum). Comparing zoo animals ≥1 year of age, the black rhino had the lowest and the white rhino the highest survivorship, in congruence with their extinction risk status. Historically, the survivorship of both black and white rhino in zoos improved significantly over time, whereas that of GOH rhino stagnated. Juvenile mortality was generally low and decreased even further in black and white rhinos over time. Together with the development of population pyramids, this shows increasing competence of the global zoo community to sustain all three species. Compared to the continuously expanding zoo population of GOH and white rhinos, the zoo‐managed black rhino population has stagnated in numbers in recent years. Zoos do not only contribute to conservation by propagating ex situ populations, but also by increasing species‐specific husbandry skills. We recommend detailed research to understand specific factors responsible for the stagnation but also the general improvement of survivorship of zoo‐managed rhinos.
- Published
- 2023
7. The historical development of zoo elephant survivorship
- Author
-
Scherer, Lara; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5136-1047, Bingaman Lackey, Laurie, Clauss, Marcus; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3841-6207, Gries, Katrin; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9441-1465, Hagan, David, Lawrenz, Arne, Müller, Dennis W H; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9996-064X, Roller, Marco; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5678-0892, Schiffmann, Christian; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-945X, Oerke, Ann‐Kathrin, Scherer, Lara; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5136-1047, Bingaman Lackey, Laurie, Clauss, Marcus; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3841-6207, Gries, Katrin; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9441-1465, Hagan, David, Lawrenz, Arne, Müller, Dennis W H; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9996-064X, Roller, Marco; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5678-0892, Schiffmann, Christian; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-945X, and Oerke, Ann‐Kathrin
- Abstract
In the discussion about zoo elephant husbandry, the report of Clubb et al. (2008, Science 322: 1649) that zoo elephants had a “compromised survivorship” compared to certain non-zoo populations is a grave argument, and was possibly one of the triggers of a large variety of investigations into zoo elephant welfare, and changes in zoo elephant management. A side observation of that report was that whereas survivorship in African elephants (Loxodonta africana) improved since 1960, this was not the case in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). We used historical data (based on the Species360 database) to revisit this aspect, including recent developments since 2008. Assessing the North American and European populations from 1910 until today, there were significant improvements of adult (≥10 years) survivorship in both species. For the period from 1960 until today, survivorship improvement was significant for African elephants and close to a significant improvement in Asian elephants; Asian elephants generally had a higher survivorship than Africans. Juvenile (<10 years) survivorship did not change significantly since 1960 and was higher in African elephants, most likely due to the effect of elephant herpes virus on Asian elephants. Current zoo elephant survivorship is higher than some, and lower than some other non-zoo populations. We discuss that in our view, the shape of the survivorship curve, and its change over time, are more relevant than comparisons with specific populations. Zoo elephant survivorship should be monitored continuously, and the expectation of a continuous trend towards improvement should be met.
- Published
- 2023
8. List of Contributors
- Author
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Abdoulkarim, Samna, primary, Amir, Osman G., additional, Amstrup, Steven C., additional, Andresen, Leah, additional, Aschenborn, Ortwin, additional, Ashenafi, Zelealem T., additional, Ballou, Jonathan D., additional, Becker, Anne A.M.J., additional, Beckhelling, Annie, additional, Belbachir, Farid, additional, Bingaman Lackey, Laurie, additional, Bissett, Charlene, additional, Boast, Lorraine K., additional, Braun, Birgit, additional, Breitenmoser, Christine, additional, Brewer, Bruce, additional, Broekhuis, Femke, additional, Brummer, Rox, additional, Caro, Tim, additional, Castaneda, Linda, additional, Charruau, Pauline, additional, Chege, Monica, additional, Chelysheva, Elena V., additional, Cherin, Marco, additional, Cilliers, Deon, additional, Citino, Scott, additional, Clements, Hayley, additional, Combes, Guy, additional, Comizzoli, Pierre, additional, Cristescu, Bogdan, additional, Crosier, Adrienne E., additional, Dalton, Desiré L., additional, Davies-Mostert, Harriet T., additional, Davis, Jacqueline T., additional, de Matos Machado, Iracelma B., additional, Depauw, Sarah, additional, Dickman, Amy, additional, Dierenfeld, Ellen S., additional, Durant, Sarah M., additional, Ekard, Susie, additional, Eyre, Simon, additional, Fabiano, Ezequiel, additional, Farhadinia, Mohammad S., additional, Flyman, Michael V., additional, Forsythe, Katherine, additional, Fuller, Angela K., additional, Good, Kyle, additional, Grisham, Jack, additional, Groom, Rosemary, additional, Gusset, Markus, additional, Haefele, Holly, additional, Hartmann, Axel, additional, Hayward, Matt W., additional, Hilker, Cathryn, additional, Horgan, Jane, additional, Hughes, Courtney, additional, Hunter, Luke T.B., additional, Huys, Geert, additional, Ipavec, Audrey, additional, Janssens, Geert P.J., additional, Jeo, Richard M., additional, Johnson, Douglas W., additional, Johnson, Sandra, additional, Johnson, Warren E., additional, Jowkar, Houman, additional, Kaandorp, Christine, additional, Kaandorp, Jacques, additional, Kerr, Katherine R., additional, Kharuxab, Reinold, additional, Kitchell, Kenneth F., additional, Klein, Rebecca, additional, Koester, Diana C., additional, Kotzé, Antoinette, additional, Lüders, Imke, additional, Lehner, Flavio, additional, Leus, Kristin, additional, Lindsey, Peter, additional, Lloyd, Michelle, additional, Louwman, Hanneke, additional, Louwman, Jan, additional, M’soka, Jassiel L.J., additional, Macdonald, David W., additional, Maes, Olivia, additional, Marker, Laurie, additional, Marks, Nikki, additional, Maule, Aaron, additional, McGowan, Natasha, additional, McManus, Jeannine, additional, Meachen, Julie, additional, Meeks, Karen Z., additional, Melzheimer, Joerg, additional, Mengersen, Kerrie, additional, Menotti-Raymond, Marilyn, additional, Mills, Gus, additional, Mitchell, Emily, additional, Mitchell, Nicholas, additional, Mohanun, Ahmed Sh, additional, Morrison, Tess, additional, Mosimane, Alfons W., additional, Msuha, Maurus, additional, Murray, Suzanne, additional, Nghikembua, Matti T., additional, Nhabanga, Abel R., additional, Nowell, Kristin, additional, O’Brien, Stephen J., additional, Oguge, Nick, additional, Omusula, Sarah, additional, Ostrowski, Stephane, additional, Ottichilo, Wilbur, additional, Pang, Benison, additional, Paulos, Osman D., additional, Portas, Ruben, additional, Potgieter, Gail, additional, Powell, Larkin A., additional, Rabeil, Thomas, additional, Randau, Marcela, additional, Rapp, Suzi, additional, Reid, Robin S., additional, Richmond-Coggan, Louisa, additional, Robinson, James M., additional, Rook, Lorenzo, additional, Rose-Hinostroza, Janet, additional, Rosen, Tatjana, additional, Rust, Niki A., additional, Sampson, Alicia, additional, Sanchez, Carlos R., additional, Sanjayan, M., additional, Scantlebury, David M., additional, Schaller, George B., additional, Schmidt-Küntzel, Anne, additional, Schulman, Martin, additional, Schwartz, Karin R., additional, Selebatso, Moses, additional, Snyman, Andrei, additional, Sogbohossou, Etotépé A., additional, Sommer, Simone, additional, Stanek, Linda, additional, Steenkamp, Gerhard, additional, Stoner, Kelly, additional, Sutherland, Chris, additional, Tambling, Craig J., additional, Terio, Karen A., additional, Tiffin, Amanda, additional, Traeholt, Carl, additional, Traylor-Holzer, Kathy, additional, Tricorache, Patricia, additional, van Bommel, Linda, additional, van der Meer, Esther, additional, van der Merwe, Vincent, additional, Van der Weyde, Leanne, additional, Vannelli, Kate, additional, Van Valkenburgh, Blaire, additional, Versteege, Lars, additional, Wachter, Bettina, additional, Walker, Eli H., additional, Walzer, Chris, additional, Weaver, Chris, additional, Whitehouse-Tedd, Katherine, additional, Wielebnowski, Nadja, additional, Williams, J. Jason, additional, Wirth, Günther, additional, Woc Colburn, Ana Margarita, additional, Woodroffe, Rosie, additional, Wultsch, Claudia, additional, Wykstra, Mary, additional, and Young-Overton, Kim, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. History of Cheetahs in Zoos and Demographic Trends Through Managed Captive Breeding Programs
- Author
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Marker, Laurie, primary, Vannelli, Kate, additional, Gusset, Markus, additional, Versteege, Lars, additional, Meeks, Karen Z., additional, Wielebnowski, Nadja, additional, Louwman, Jan, additional, Louwman, Hanneke, additional, and Bingaman Lackey, Laurie, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. The historical development of zoo elephant survivorship
- Author
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Lara Scherer, Laurie Bingaman Lackey, Marcus Clauss, Katrin Gries, David Hagan, Arne Lawrenz, Dennis W. H. Müller, Marco Roller, Christian Schiffmann, Ann‐Kathrin Oerke, and University of Zurich
- Subjects
10253 Department of Small Animals ,630 Agriculture ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,Animal Science and Zoology ,General Medicine - Published
- 2023
11. Does sexual selection shape sex differences in longevity and senescence patterns across vertebrates? A review and new insights from captive ruminants
- Author
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Tidière, Morgane, Gaillard, Jean-Michel, Müller, Dennis W. H., Lackey, Laurie Bingaman, Gimenez, Olivier, Clauss, Marcus, and Lemaître, Jean-François
- Published
- 2015
12. The historical development of juvenile mortality and adult longevity in zoo‐kept carnivores
- Author
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Laurie Bingaman Lackey, Marcus Clauss, Jean-Michel Hatt, Marco Roller, Mads F. Bertelsen, Dennis W. H. Müller, University of Zurich, and Clauss, Marcus
- Subjects
Change over time ,10253 Department of Small Animals ,630 Agriculture ,husbandry ,animal diseases ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Carnivora ,Longevity ,General Medicine ,Animal husbandry ,Biology ,Demographic data ,survival ,progress ,zoo ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,Juvenile ,Animal Science and Zoology ,1103 Animal Science and Zoology ,Carnivore ,media_common ,Demography - Abstract
Zoos need to evaluate their aim of high husbandry standards. One way of approaching this is to use the demographic data that has been collected by participating zoos for decades, assessing historical change over time to identify the presence or absence of progress. Using the example of carnivores, with data covering seven decades (1950–2019), 13 carnivore families, and 95 species, we show that juvenile mortality has decreased, and adult longevity increased, over this interval. While no reason for complacency, the results indicate that the commitment of zoos to continuously improve is having measurable consequences.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. The historical development of zoo elephant survivorship
- Author
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Scherer, Lara, primary, Bingaman Lackey, Laurie, additional, Clauss, Marcus, additional, Gries, Katrin, additional, Hagan, David, additional, Lawrenz, Arne, additional, Müller, Dennis W. H., additional, Roller, Marco, additional, Schiffmann, Christian, additional, and Oerke, Ann‐Kathrin, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Comparing free-ranging and captive populations reveals intra-specific variation in aging rates in large herbivores
- Author
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Lemaître, Jean-François, Gaillard, Jean-Michel, Lackey, Laurie Bingaman, Clauss, Marcus, and Müller, Dennis W.H.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Mating system, feeding type and ex situ conservation effort determine life expectancy in captive ruminants
- Author
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Müller, Dennis W. H., Lackey, Laurie Bingaman, Streich, W. Jürgen, Fickel, Jörns, Hatt, Jean-Michel, and Clauss, Marcus
- Published
- 2011
16. Basic considerations on seasonal breeding in mammals including their testing by comparing natural habitats and zoos
- Author
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Laurie Bingaman Lackey, Philipp Zerbe, Daryl Codron, Marcus Clauss, Dennis W. H. Müller, University of Zurich, and Clauss, Marcus
- Subjects
10253 Department of Small Animals ,Resource (biology) ,Adaptive value ,630 Agriculture ,Ecology ,Evolution ,animal diseases ,fungi ,Biology ,Seasonality ,medicine.disease ,Life history theory ,1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Behavior and Systematics ,Habitat ,Animal ecology ,Seasonal breeder ,medicine ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,Animal Science and Zoology ,1103 Animal Science and Zoology ,Mating ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Seasonal reproduction is common in mammals. Whereas specific conditions triggering a seasonal response can only be identified in controlled experiments, large-scale comparisons of reproduction in natural habitats and zoos can advance knowledge for taxa unavailable for experimentation. We outline how such a comparison can identify species whose seasonal physiology is linked to photoperiodic triggers, and those whose perceived seasonality in the wild is the consequence of fluctuating resources without a photoperiodic trigger. This concept groups species into those that do not change their aseasonal pattern between natural habitats and zoos because they are not constrained by resources in the wild, those that do not change a seasonal pattern between natural habitats and zoos because they are triggered by photoperiod irrespective of resources, and those that change from a more seasonal pattern in the natural habitat to an aseasonal pattern in zoos because the zoo environment alleviates resource limitations experienced in the wild. We explain how detailed comparisons of mating season timing in both environments can provide clues whether a specific daylength or a specific number of days after an equinox or solstice is the likely phototrigger for a taxon. We outline relationships between life history strategies and seasonality, with special focus on relative shortening of gestation periods in more seasonal mammals. Irrespective of whether such shortening results from the adaptive value of fitting a reproductive cycle within one seasonal cycle (minimizing ‘lost opportunity’), or from benefits deriving from separating birth and mating (to optimize resource use, or to reduce infanticide), reproductive seasonality may emerge as a relevant driver of life history acceleration. Comparisons of data from natural habitats and zoos will facilitate testing some of the resulting hypotheses.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Comparative mortality levels among selected species of captive animals
- Author
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Kohler, Iliana V., Preston, Samuel H., and Lackey, Laurie Bingaman
- Published
- 2006
18. The historical development of zoo elephant survivorship.
- Author
-
Scherer, Lara, Bingaman Lackey, Laurie, Clauss, Marcus, Gries, Katrin, Hagan, David, Lawrenz, Arne, Müller, Dennis W. H., Roller, Marco, Schiffmann, Christian, and Oerke, Ann‐Kathrin
- Abstract
In the discussion about zoo elephant husbandry, the report of Clubb et al. (2008, Science 322: 1649) that zoo elephants had a "compromised survivorship" compared to certain non‐zoo populations is a grave argument, and was possibly one of the triggers of a large variety of investigations into zoo elephant welfare, and changes in zoo elephant management. A side observation of that report was that whereas survivorship in African elephants (Loxodonta africana) improved since 1960, this was not the case in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). We used historical data (based on the Species360 database) to revisit this aspect, including recent developments since 2008. Assessing the North American and European populations from 1910 until today, there were significant improvements of adult (≥10 years) survivorship in both species. For the period from 1960 until today, survivorship improvement was significant for African elephants and close to a significant improvement in Asian elephants; Asian elephants generally had a higher survivorship than Africans. Juvenile (<10 years) survivorship did not change significantly since 1960 and was higher in African elephants, most likely due to the effect of elephant herpes virus on Asian elephants. Current zoo elephant survivorship is higher than some, and lower than some other non‐zoo populations. We discuss that in our view, the shape of the survivorship curve, and its change over time, are more relevant than comparisons with specific populations. Zoo elephant survivorship should be monitored continuously, and the expectation of a continuous trend towards improvement should be met. Research highlights: Survivorship of zoo‐managed adult African and Asian elephants has improved over time. Adult survivorship is within the range of historical data for some free‐ranging populations, for some of which survivorship is lower than the current zoo population. Rather than survivorship itself or another measure of "life expectancy" taken from free‐ranging populations, the development of these measures over time should be used as a benchmark. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. The historical development of juvenile mortality and adult longevity in zoo‐kept carnivores
- Author
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Roller, Marco, primary, Müller, Dennis W. H., additional, Bertelsen, Mads F., additional, Bingaman Lackey, Laurie, additional, Hatt, Jean‐Michel, additional, and Clauss, Marcus, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. The historical development of juvenile mortality and adult longevity in zoo-kept carnivores
- Author
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Roller, Marco, Müller, Dennis W.H., Bertelsen, Mads F., Bingaman Lackey, Laurie, Hatt, Jean Michel, Clauss, Marcus, Roller, Marco, Müller, Dennis W.H., Bertelsen, Mads F., Bingaman Lackey, Laurie, Hatt, Jean Michel, and Clauss, Marcus
- Abstract
Zoos need to evaluate their aim of high husbandry standards. One way of approaching this is to use the demographic data that has been collected by participating zoos for decades, assessing historical change over time to identify the presence or absence of progress. Using the example of carnivores, with data covering seven decades (1950–2019), 13 carnivore families, and 95 species, we show that juvenile mortality has decreased, and adult longevity increased, over this interval. While no reason for complacency, the results indicate that the commitment of zoos to continuously improve is having measurable consequences.
- Published
- 2021
21. Basic considerations on seasonal breeding in mammals including their testing by comparing natural habitats and zoos
- Author
-
Clauss, Marcus; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3841-6207, Zerbe, Philipp, Bingaman Lackey, Laurie, Codron, Daryl; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5223-9513, Müller, Dennis W H; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9996-064X, Clauss, Marcus; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3841-6207, Zerbe, Philipp, Bingaman Lackey, Laurie, Codron, Daryl; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5223-9513, and Müller, Dennis W H; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9996-064X
- Abstract
Seasonal reproduction is common in mammals. Whereas specific conditions triggering a seasonal response can only be identified in controlled experiments, large-scale comparisons of reproduction in natural habitats and zoos can advance knowledge for taxa unavailable for experimentation. We outline how such a comparison can identify species whose seasonal physiology is linked to photoperiodic triggers, and those whose perceived seasonality in the wild is the consequence of fluctuating resources without a photoperiodic trigger. This concept groups species into those that do not change their aseasonal pattern between natural habitats and zoos because they are not constrained by resources in the wild, those that do not change a seasonal pattern between natural habitats and zoos because they are triggered by photoperiod irrespective of resources, and those that change from a more seasonal pattern in the natural habitat to an aseasonal pattern in zoos because the zoo environment alleviates resource limitations experienced in the wild. We explain how detailed comparisons of mating season timing in both environments can provide clues whether a specific daylength or a specific number of days after an equinox or solstice is the likely phototrigger for a taxon. We outline relationships between life history strategies and seasonality, with special focus on relative shortening of gestation periods in more seasonal mammals. Irrespective of whether such shortening results from the adaptive value of fitting a reproductive cycle within one seasonal cycle (minimizing ‘lost opportunity’), or from benefits deriving from separating birth and mating (to optimize resource use, or to reduce infanticide), reproductive seasonality may emerge as a relevant driver of life history acceleration. Comparisons of data from natural habitats and zoos will facilitate testing some of the resulting hypotheses.
- Published
- 2021
22. The historical development of juvenile mortality and adult longevity in zoo‐kept carnivores
- Author
-
Roller, Marco; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5678-0892, Müller, Dennis W H; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9996-064X, Bertelsen, Mads F; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9201-7499, Bingaman Lackey, Laurie, Hatt, Jean-Michel; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7043-7430, Clauss, Marcus; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3841-6207, Roller, Marco; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5678-0892, Müller, Dennis W H; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9996-064X, Bertelsen, Mads F; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9201-7499, Bingaman Lackey, Laurie, Hatt, Jean-Michel; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7043-7430, and Clauss, Marcus; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3841-6207
- Abstract
Zoos need to evaluate their aim of high husbandry standards. One way of approaching this is to use the demographic data that has been collected by participating zoos for decades, assessing historical change over time to identify the presence or absence of progress. Using the example of carnivores, with data covering seven decades (1950–2019), 13 carnivore families, and 95 species, we show that juvenile mortality has decreased, and adult longevity increased, over this interval. While no reason for complacency, the results indicate that the commitment of zoos to continuously improve is having measurable consequences.
- Published
- 2021
23. Comparing life expectancy of three deer species between captive and wild populations
- Author
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Müller, Dennis W. H., Gaillard, Jean-Michel, Bingaman Lackey, Laurie, Hatt, Jean-Michel, and Clauss, Marcus
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Do Equids Live longer than Grazing Bovids?
- Author
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Laurie Bingaman Lackey, Jean-François Lemaître, Dennis W. H. Müller, Patrick Duncan, Marcus Clauss, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Morgane Tidière, Ecoépidémiologie évolutionniste, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biodémographie évolutive, Ecologie et évolution des populations, Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation (Fraunhofer IOSB), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), University of Zurich, Tidière, Morgane, and La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Senescence ,010506 paleontology ,demography ,10253 Department of Small Animals ,Evolution ,media_common.quotation_subject ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Zoology ,Gestation period ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Life history theory ,Behavior and Systematics ,Phylogenetics ,Grazing ,Survival rate ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,media_common ,Ecological niche ,630 Agriculture ,Ecology ,slow-fast continuum ,Longevity ,biological times ,actuarial senescence ,1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,pace of life ,570 Life sciences ,biology - Abstract
International audience; A large part of the diversity of longevity and actuarial senescence (i.e., the progressive decline of survival probabilities with age) across vertebrates can be related to body size, phylogeny, and the species' position on the slow-fast continuum of life histories. However, differences in mortality patterns between ecologically similar species, such as bovids and equids, remain poorly understood. Equids are commonly understood to outlive bovid species relative to their body mass, despite very similar feeding niches. Comparing survival patterns of 13 bovid and ten equid sub-species, our findings confirm that equids outlive bovid species, with a higher adult survival rate and a delayed onset of senescence for equids, but no difference of rate of actuarial senescence. These differences are associated with a slower generation time and longer inter-birth interval, due to a longer gestation period, for equids compared to bovids. Finally, our results suggest that all biological times (i.e., all life history traits expressed in time units) have evolved synchronously in bovids, whereas in equids gestation time and inter-birth interval either were never in synchrony with, or have slowed down relative to other biological times. Our findings suggest the existence of different selection pressures, or different constraints, on specific time-related traits between these two mammalian families.
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- 2020
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25. Reproductive seasonality in primates: patterns, concepts and unsolved questions
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Sandra A. Heldstab, Carel P. van Schaik, Dennis W. H. Müller, Eberhard Rensch, Laurie Bingaman Lackey, Philipp Zerbe, Jean‐Michel Hatt, Marcus Clauss, Ikki Matsuda, Sandra A. Heldstab, Carel P. van Schaik, Dennis W. H. Müller, Eberhard Rensch, Laurie Bingaman Lackey, Philipp Zerbe, Jean‐Michel Hatt, Marcus Clauss, and Ikki Matsuda
- Abstract
Primates, like other mammals, exhibit an annual reproductive pattern that ranges from strictly seasonal breeding to giving birth in all months of the year, but factors mediating this variation are not fully understood. We applied both a categorical description and quantitative measures of the birth peak breadth based on daily observations in zoos to characterise reproductive seasonality in 141 primate species with an average of 941 birth events per species. Absolute day length at the beginning of the mating season in seasonally reproducing species was not correlated between populations from natural habitats and zoos. The mid‐point of latitudinal range was a major factor associated with reproductive seasonality, indicating a correlation with photoperiod. Gestation length, annual mean temperature, natural diet and Malagasy origin were other important factors associated with reproductive seasonality. Birth seasons were shorter with increasing latitude of geographical origin, corresponding to the decreasing length of the favourable season. Species with longer gestation periods were less seasonal than species with shorter ones, possibly because shorter gestation periods more easily facilitate the synchronisation of reproductive activity with annual cycles. Habitat conditions with higher mean annual temperature were also linked to less‐seasonal reproduction, independently of the latitude effect. Species with a high percentage of leaves in their natural diet were generally non‐seasonal, potentially because the availability of mature leaves is comparatively independent of seasons. Malagasy primates were more seasonal in their births than species from other regions. This might be due to the low resting metabolism of Malagasy primates, the comparatively high degree of temporal predictability of Malagasy ecosystems, or historical constraints peculiar to Malagasy primates. Latitudinal range showed a weaker but also significant association with reproductive seasonality. Amongst
- Published
- 2020
26. Seasonality of reproduction in Asian elephantsElephas maximusand African elephantsLoxodonta africana: underlying photoperiodic cueing?
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Christian Schiffmann, Philipp Zerbe, Dennis W. H. Müller, Rahel Hufenus, Laurie Bingaman Lackey, Marcus Clauss, and Jean-Michel Hatt
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0106 biological sciences ,photoperiodism ,Wet season ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Zoology ,Biology ,Seasonality ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Latitude ,Geographic distribution ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Elephas ,Dry season ,medicine ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Reproduction ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,media_common - Abstract
1. Animals in seasonal environments often rely on photoperiodicity to time their reproduction. Elephants have a gestation length of approximately two years and a historical geographic distribution including higher latitudes than at present, so the evolution of a seasonal breeding pattern cued by photoperiodicity and timed to the long-day period is a theoretical option in both species. 2. We reviewed literature on reproductive patterns in free-ranging, semi-captive and captive Asian and African elephants, photoperiodic cueing, seasonal variation of body condition and other factors influencing their reproduction, as well as data from zoological collections on the timing of births. 3. Most of the free-ranging and all the semi-captive and captive elephant populations showed a moderate yet distinct seasonal breeding pattern. 4. Peak breeding activity of free-ranging Asian elephants took place in either the dry or the wet season, with no preference for short-day or long-day breeding at low latitudes (close to the equator) but a preference for long-day breeding at higher latitudes. Semi-captive Asian elephants mainly bred in the dry season when body condition was lowest and day-lengths were increasing. Peak conception often occurred in the wet season in free-ranging African elephants when body condition was highest, with no evident preference for short-day or long-day breeding at low latitudes but preference for long-day breeding at higher latitudes. 5. Asian and African elephants in zoos at latitudes from 43 to 53°N tended to conceive more often during spring and summer, i.e. when day-lengths were increasing. Body condition was not reported to vary significantly throughout the year and was rather high compared to in the wild. 6. We hypothesise that elephants are ‘long-day breeders’ in which the photoperiodic timing of conception can be influenced by many additional factors. Strategies to encourage natural conception in captive populations should include measures aimed at increasing breeding incentives in the northern hemisphere spring.
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- 2018
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27. Reproductive seasonality in captive wild ruminants: implications for biogeographical adaptation, photoperiodic control, and life history
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Zerbe, Philipp, Clauss, Marcus, Codron, Daryl, Bingaman Lackey, Laurie, Rensch, Eberhard, Streich, Jürgen W., Hatt, Jean-Michel, and Müller, Dennis W. H.
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- 2012
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28. Basic considerations on seasonal breeding in mammals including their testing by comparing natural habitats and zoos
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Clauss, Marcus, primary, Zerbe, Philipp, additional, Bingaman Lackey, Laurie, additional, Codron, Daryl, additional, and Müller, Dennis W. H., additional
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- 2020
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29. Reproductive seasonality in primates: patterns, concepts and unsolved questions
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Heldstab, Sandra A., primary, van Schaik, Carel P., additional, Müller, Dennis W. H., additional, Rensch, Eberhard, additional, Lackey, Laurie Bingaman, additional, Zerbe, Philipp, additional, Hatt, Jean‐Michel, additional, Clauss, Marcus, additional, and Matsuda, Ikki, additional
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- 2020
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30. Reproductive seasonality in primates: patterns, concepts and unsolved questions
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Sandra A. Heldstab, Philipp Zerbe, Ikki Matsuda, Dennis W. H. Müller, Eberhard Rensch, Carel P. van Schaik, Laurie Bingaman Lackey, Marcus Clauss, Jean-Michel Hatt, University of Zurich, Heldstab, Sandra A, and Clauss, Marcus
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,10207 Department of Anthropology ,Primates ,10253 Department of Small Animals ,Range (biology) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Photoperiod ,Zoology ,Captivity ,Genetics and Molecular Biology ,1100 General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,phenology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,gestation ,1300 General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Pregnancy ,medicine ,Seasonal breeder ,Madagascar ,Animals ,Ecosystem ,030304 developmental biology ,media_common ,0303 health sciences ,Phenology ,300 Social sciences, sociology & anthropology ,Reproduction ,latitude ,Seasonality ,medicine.disease ,seasonality ,Habitat ,General Biochemistry ,Female ,Seasons ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences - Abstract
Primates, like other mammals, exhibit an annual reproductive pattern that ranges from strictly seasonal breeding to giving birth in all months of the year, but factors mediating this variation are not fully understood. We applied both a categorical description and quantitative measures of the birth peak breadth based on daily observations in zoos to characterise reproductive seasonality in 141 primate species with an average of 941 birth events per species. Absolute day length at the beginning of the mating season in seasonally reproducing species was not correlated between populations from natural habitats and zoos. The mid-point of latitudinal range was a major factor associated with reproductive seasonality, indicating a correlation with photoperiod. Gestation length, annual mean temperature, natural diet and Malagasy origin were other important factors associated with reproductive seasonality. Birth seasons were shorter with increasing latitude of geographical origin, corresponding to the decreasing length of the favourable season. Species with longer gestation periods were less seasonal than species with shorter ones, possibly because shorter gestation periods more easily facilitate the synchronisation of reproductive activity with annual cycles. Habitat conditions with higher mean annual temperature were also linked to less-seasonal reproduction, independently of the latitude effect. Species with a high percentage of leaves in their natural diet were generally non-seasonal, potentially because the availability of mature leaves is comparatively independent of seasons. Malagasy primates were more seasonal in their births than species from other regions. This might be due to the low resting metabolism of Malagasy primates, the comparatively high degree of temporal predictability of Malagasy ecosystems, or historical constraints peculiar to Malagasy primates. Latitudinal range showed a weaker but also significant association with reproductive seasonality. Amongst species with seasonal reproduction in their natural habitats, smaller primate species were more likely than larger species to shift to non-seasonal breeding in captivity. The percentage of species that changed their breeding pattern in zoos was higher in primates (30%) than in previous studies on Carnivora and Ruminantia (13 and 10%, respectively), reflecting a higher concentration of primate species in the tropics. When comparing only species that showed seasonal reproduction in natural habitats at absolute latitudes ≤11.75°, primates did not differ significantly from these two other taxa in the proportion of species that changed to a less-seasonal pattern in zoos. However, in this latitude range, natural populations of primates and Carnivora had a significantly higher proportion of seasonally reproducing species than Ruminantia, suggesting that in spite of their generally more flexible diets, both primates and Carnivora are more exposed to resource fluctuation than ruminants.
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- 2019
31. Seasonal mortality in zoo ruminants
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Marcus Clauss, Philipp Zerbe, Dennis W. H. Müller, Jean-Michel Hatt, Lea Carisch, Laurie Bingaman Lackey, and Eberhard Rensch
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0106 biological sciences ,biology ,Ecology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Domestic sheep reproduction ,General Medicine ,Seasonality ,Animal husbandry ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,010601 ecology ,Habitat ,Ruminant ,medicine ,Life expectancy ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Reproduction ,Global biodiversity ,media_common - Abstract
While seasonality has often been investigated with respect to reproduction, seasonality of mortality has received less attention. We investigated whether a seasonal signal of mortality exists in wild ruminants kept in zoos, using data from 60,591 individuals of 88 species. We quantified the mortality in the 3 consecutive months with the highest above-baseline mortality (3 MM). 3 MM was not related to relative life expectancy of species, indicating that seasonal mortality does not necessarily impact husbandry success. Although 3 MM was mainly observed in autumn/winter months, there was no evidence for an expected negative relationship with the latitude of the species' natural habitat and no positive relationship between 3 MM and the mean temperature in that habitat, indicating no evidence for species from lower latitudes/warmer climates being more susceptible to seasonal mortality under zoo conditions. 3 MM was related to reproductive biology, with seasonally reproducing species also displaying more seasonal mortality. This pattern differed between groups: In cervids, the onset of seasonal mortality appeared linked to the onset of rut in both sexes. This was less evident in bovids, where in a number of species (especially caprids), the onset of female seasonal mortality was linked to the lambing period. While showing that the origin of a species from warmer climate zones does not constrain husbandry success in ruminants in terms of an increased seasonal mortality, the results suggest that husbandry measures aimed at protecting females from rutting males are important, especially in cervids. Zoo Biol. 36:74–86, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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- 2016
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32. Comparing life expectancy of three deer species between captive and wild populations
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Dennis W. H. Müller, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Laurie Bingaman Lackey, Marcus Clauss, Jean-Michel Hatt, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Zurich
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,[SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT] ,10253 Department of Small Animals ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Zoology ,Captivity ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,2309 Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Animal science ,Capreolus ,2308 Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,biology.animal ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,media_common ,630 Agriculture ,05 social sciences ,Longevity ,15. Life on land ,Animal husbandry ,biology.organism_classification ,Roe deer ,1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Life expectancy ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,Cervus elaphus - Abstract
Life in zoological gardens provides a number of benefits to captive animals, resulting in an artificial reduction of the “struggle for life” compared to their free-ranging counterparts. These advantages should result in a higher chance of surviving from 1 year to the next, and thus in longer average life expectancies for captive animals, given that the biological requirements of the species are adequately met. Here, we compare the life expectancy of captive and free-ranging populations of three deer species (reindeer Rangifer tarandus, red deer Cervus elaphus, and roe deer Capreolus capreolus). Whereas captive reindeer and red deer had life expectancies equal to or longer than free-ranging individuals, the life expectancy of captive roe deer was shorter than that of free-ranging animals. These results support the impression that roe deer are difficult to keep in zoos, whereas reindeer and red deer perform well under human care. We suggest that the mean life expectancy of captive populations relative to that of corresponding free-ranging populations is a reliable indicator to evaluate the husbandry success of a species in captivity.
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- 2018
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- View/download PDF
33. List of Contributors
- Author
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Samna Abdoulkarim, Osman G. Amir, Steven C. Amstrup, Leah Andresen, Ortwin Aschenborn, Zelealem T. Ashenafi, Jonathan D. Ballou, Anne A.M.J. Becker, Annie Beckhelling, Farid Belbachir, Laurie Bingaman Lackey, Charlene Bissett, Lorraine K. Boast, Birgit Braun, Christine Breitenmoser, Bruce Brewer, Femke Broekhuis, Rox Brummer, Tim Caro, Linda Castaneda, Pauline Charruau, Monica Chege, Elena V. Chelysheva, Marco Cherin, Deon Cilliers, Scott Citino, Hayley Clements, Guy Combes, Pierre Comizzoli, Bogdan Cristescu, Adrienne E. Crosier, Desiré L. Dalton, Harriet T. Davies-Mostert, Jacqueline T. Davis, Iracelma B. de Matos Machado, Sarah Depauw, Amy Dickman, Ellen S. Dierenfeld, Sarah M. Durant, Susie Ekard, Simon Eyre, Ezequiel Fabiano, Mohammad S. Farhadinia, Michael V. Flyman, Katherine Forsythe, Angela K. Fuller, Kyle Good, Jack Grisham, Rosemary Groom, Markus Gusset, Holly Haefele, Axel Hartmann, Matt W. Hayward, Cathryn Hilker, Jane Horgan, Courtney Hughes, Luke T.B. Hunter, Geert Huys, Audrey Ipavec, Geert P.J. Janssens, Richard M. Jeo, Douglas W. Johnson, Sandra Johnson, Warren E. Johnson, Houman Jowkar, Christine Kaandorp, Jacques Kaandorp, Katherine R. Kerr, Reinold Kharuxab, Kenneth F. Kitchell, Rebecca Klein, Diana C. Koester, Antoinette Kotzé, Imke Lüders, Flavio Lehner, Kristin Leus, Peter Lindsey, Michelle Lloyd, Hanneke Louwman, Jan Louwman, Jassiel L.J. M’soka, David W. Macdonald, Olivia Maes, Laurie Marker, Nikki Marks, Aaron Maule, Natasha McGowan, Jeannine McManus, Julie Meachen, Karen Z. Meeks, Joerg Melzheimer, Kerrie Mengersen, Marilyn Menotti-Raymond, Gus Mills, Emily Mitchell, Nicholas Mitchell, Ahmed Sh Mohanun, Tess Morrison, Alfons W. Mosimane, Maurus Msuha, Suzanne Murray, Matti T. Nghikembua, Abel R. Nhabanga, Kristin Nowell, Stephen J. O’Brien, Nick Oguge, Sarah Omusula, Stephane Ostrowski, Wilbur Ottichilo, Benison Pang, Osman D. Paulos, Ruben Portas, Gail Potgieter, Larkin A. Powell, Thomas Rabeil, Marcela Randau, Suzi Rapp, Robin S. Reid, Louisa Richmond-Coggan, James M. Robinson, Lorenzo Rook, Janet Rose-Hinostroza, Tatjana Rosen, Niki A. Rust, Alicia Sampson, Carlos R. Sanchez, M. Sanjayan, David M. Scantlebury, George B. Schaller, Anne Schmidt-Küntzel, Martin Schulman, Karin R. Schwartz, Moses Selebatso, Andrei Snyman, Etotépé A. Sogbohossou, Simone Sommer, Linda Stanek, Gerhard Steenkamp, Kelly Stoner, Chris Sutherland, Craig J. Tambling, Karen A. Terio, Amanda Tiffin, Carl Traeholt, Kathy Traylor-Holzer, Patricia Tricorache, Linda van Bommel, Esther van der Meer, Vincent van der Merwe, Leanne Van der Weyde, Kate Vannelli, Blaire Van Valkenburgh, Lars Versteege, Bettina Wachter, Eli H. Walker, Chris Walzer, Chris Weaver, Katherine Whitehouse-Tedd, Nadja Wielebnowski, J. Jason Williams, Günther Wirth, Ana Margarita Woc Colburn, Rosie Woodroffe, Claudia Wultsch, Mary Wykstra, and Kim Young-Overton
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- 2018
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34. Supplementary Material, Supplementary_material – Geographical Origin, Delayed Implantation, and Induced Ovulation Explain Reproductive Seasonality in the Carnivora
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Heldstab, Sandra A., Müller, Dennis W. H., Sereina M. Graber, Lackey, Laurie Bingaman, Rensch, Eberhard, Jean-Michel Hatt, Zerbe, Philipp, and Clauss, Marcus
- Subjects
FOS: Clinical medicine ,FOS: Biological sciences ,110306 Endocrinology ,69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Supplementary Material, Supplementary_material for Geographical Origin, Delayed Implantation, and Induced Ovulation Explain Reproductive Seasonality in the Carnivora by Sandra A. Heldstab, Dennis W. H. Müller, Sereina M. Graber, Laurie Bingaman Lackey, Eberhard Rensch, Jean-Michel Hatt, Philipp Zerbe and Marcus Clauss in Journal of Biological Rhythms
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- 2018
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35. History of Cheetahs in Zoos and Demographic Trends Through Managed Captive Breeding Programs
- Author
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Laurie Marker, Lars Versteege, Jan Louwman, Karen Meeks, Laurie Bingaman Lackey, Hanneke Louwman, Kate Vannelli, Markus Gusset, and Nadja Wielebnowski
- Subjects
Conservation planning ,Genetic diversity ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Population ,Private Facility ,Geography ,Effective population size ,Cooperative breeding ,biology.animal ,Captive breeding ,Acinonyx jubatus ,education ,Demography - Abstract
The captive cheetah ( Acinonyx jubatus ) population is an important component in conservation planning. Cheetahs have been recorded in zoos since 1829 in Europe. Since then the global captive population has grown to 1722 in 2014, due to a combination of collection from the wild and increasingly successful captive breeding efforts. Between 1956 and 2014, 33% of the 563 total facilities holding cheetah reported reproduction, and 15% of the total captive population bred. The International Cheetah Studbook, established in 1988 within the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums, aims to record all captive cheetahs worldwide, in both zoological and private facilities. Since the studbook’s establishment the effective population size (the proportion of living breeders in the current captive population) has increased from 11.9% in 1988 to 16.4% in 2014; however, this remains lower than necessary for retention of genetic diversity. Successful cooperative breeding programs have the goal of making the captive population self-sustaining and maintaining genetic diversity.
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- 2018
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36. Geographical origin, delayed implantation, and induced ovulation explain reproductive seasonality in the Carnivora
- Author
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Marcus Clauss, Sereina M. Graber, Jean-Michel Hatt, Philipp Zerbe, Dennis W. H. Müller, Laurie Bingaman Lackey, Sandra A. Heldstab, Eberhard Rensch, University of Zurich, and Heldstab, Sandra A
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Ovulation ,10207 Department of Anthropology ,10253 Department of Small Animals ,Physiology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Photoperiod ,Carnivora ,Zoology ,Captivity ,Gestation period ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,reproduction ,2737 Physiology (medical) ,gestation ,induced ovulation ,Induced ovulation ,Physiology (medical) ,medicine ,Animals ,Embryo Implantation ,Mating ,media_common ,delayed implantation ,Geography ,630 Agriculture ,photoperiodism ,seasonality ,latitude ,1314 Physiology ,Seasonality ,medicine.disease ,Circadian Rhythm ,010601 ecology ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,Female ,Seasons ,Reproduction ,Paternal care - Abstract
Patterns of reproductive seasonality in the Carnivora are difficult to study comparatively, due to limited numbers of species for which information is available. Long-term databases of captive populations could overcome this difficulty. We apply a categorical description and a quantitative high-resolution measure (birth peak breadth, the number of days in which 80% of all births occur) based on daily observations in captivity to characterize the degree of reproductive seasonality in the Carnivora for 114 species with on average 1357 births per species. We find that the majority of species retained the birth seasonality displayed in the wild. Latitude of natural origin, delayed implantation, and induced ovulation were the main factors influencing reproductive seasonality. Most species were short-day breeders, but there was no evidence of an absolute photoperiodic signal for the timing of mating or conception. The length of the gestation period (corrected for body mass) generally decreased with birth seasonality but increased in species with delayed implantation. Birth seasons become shorter with increasing latitude of geographical origin, likely because the length of the favorable season declines with increasing latitude, exerting a strong selective pressure on fitting both the reproductive cycle and the interval offspring needs for growth following the termination of parental care into the short time window of optimal environmental conditions. Species with induced ovulation exhibit a less seasonal reproductive pattern, potentially because mates do not have to meet during a short time window of a fixed ovulation. Seasonal species of Carnivora shorten their gestation period so reproduction can occur during the short time window of optimal environmental conditions. Alternatively, other Carnivora species lengthen their gestation periods in order to bridge long winters. Interestingly, this occurs not by decelerating intrauterine growth but by delaying implantation.
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- 2018
37. Do Equids Live longer than Grazing Bovids?
- Author
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Tidière, Morgane, primary, Duncan, Patrick, additional, Lemaître, Jean-François, additional, Gaillard, Jean-Michel, additional, Lackey, Laurie Bingaman, additional, Müller, Dennis W. H., additional, and Clauss, Marcus, additional
- Published
- 2019
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38. Does sexual selection shape sex differences in longevity and senescence patterns across vertebrates? A review and new insights from captive ruminants
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Jean-François Lemaître, Dennis W. H. Müller, Morgane Tidière, Olivier Gimenez, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Marcus Clauss, and Laurie Bingaman Lackey
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0106 biological sciences ,Senescence ,0303 health sciences ,Ecology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Longevity ,Zoology ,Biology ,Mating system ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Competition (biology) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Sexual selection ,Genetics ,Mating ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Polygyny ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,030304 developmental biology ,media_common ,Sex characteristics - Abstract
In most mammals, both sexes display different survival patterns, often involving faster senescence in males. Being under intense sexual competition to secure mating opportunities, males of polygynous species allocate resources to costly behaviors and conspicuous sexual traits, which might explain these observed differences in longevity and senescence patterns. However, comparative studies performed to date have led to conflicting results. We aimed to resolve this problem by first reviewing case studies of the relationship between the strength of sexual selection and age-specific survival metrics. Then, we performed a comprehensive comparative analysis to test whether such relationships exist among species of captive ruminants. We found that the strength of sexual selection negatively influenced the onset of actuarial senescence in males, with males senescing earlier in polygynous than in monogamous species, which led to reduced male longevity in polygynous species. Moreover, males of territorial species senesced earlier but slower, and have a shorter longevity than males of species displaying other mating tactics. We detected little influence of the strength of sexual selection on the rate of actuarial senescence. Our findings demonstrate that the onset of actuarial senescence, rather than its rate, is a side effect of physiological mechanisms linked to sexual selection, and potentially accounts for observed differences in longevity.
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- 2015
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39. Comparing life expectancy of three deer species between captive and wild populations
- Author
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Müller, Dennis, Gaillard, Jean-Michel, Bingaman Lackey, Laurie, Hatt, Jean-Michel, Clauss, Marcus, Müller, Dennis, Gaillard, Jean-Michel, Bingaman Lackey, Laurie, Hatt, Jean-Michel, and Clauss, Marcus
- Abstract
Life in zoological gardens provides a number of benefits to captive animals, resulting in an artificial reduction of the "struggle for life” compared to their free-ranging counterparts. These advantages should result in a higher chance of surviving from 1year to the next, and thus in longer average life expectancies for captive animals, given that the biological requirements of the species are adequately met. Here, we compare the life expectancy of captive and free-ranging populations of three deer species (reindeer Rangifer tarandus, red deer Cervus elaphus, and roe deer Capreolus capreolus). Whereas captive reindeer and red deer had life expectancies equal to or longer than free-ranging individuals, the life expectancy of captive roe deer was shorter than that of free-ranging animals. These results support the impression that roe deer are difficult to keep in zoos, whereas reindeer and red deer perform well under human care. We suggest that the mean life expectancy of captive populations relative to that of corresponding free-ranging populations is a reliable indicator to evaluate the husbandry success of a species in captivity
- Published
- 2018
40. Comparative mortality levels among selected species of captive animals
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Samuel H. Preston, Laurie Bingaman Lackey, and Iliana Kohler
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ISIS ,longevity ,mortality ,survivorship ,Demography. Population. Vital events ,HB848-3697 - Abstract
We present life tables by single year of age and sex for groups of animals and for 42 individual mostly mammalian species. Data are derived from the International Species Information System. The survivorship of most of these species has never been mapped systematically. We demonstrate that, in most of the groups, female survivorship significantly exceeds that of males above age five. Wild-born animals do not have mortality that differs significantly from captive-born animals. While most species have mortality that rises with age above the juvenile stage, there are several groups for which the age pattern of mortality is nearly level.
- Published
- 2006
41. Reproductive seasonality in primates: patterns, concepts and unsolved questions.
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Heldstab, Sandra A., van Schaik, Carel P., Müller, Dennis W. H., Rensch, Eberhard, Lackey, Laurie Bingaman, Zerbe, Philipp, Hatt, Jean‐Michel, Clauss, Marcus, and Matsuda, Ikki
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PRIMATES ,RUMINANTS ,CARNIVORA ,ZOOS ,PREGNANCY ,LEAF physiology - Abstract
Primates, like other mammals, exhibit an annual reproductive pattern that ranges from strictly seasonal breeding to giving birth in all months of the year, but factors mediating this variation are not fully understood. We applied both a categorical description and quantitative measures of the birth peak breadth based on daily observations in zoos to characterise reproductive seasonality in 141 primate species with an average of 941 birth events per species. Absolute day length at the beginning of the mating season in seasonally reproducing species was not correlated between populations from natural habitats and zoos. The mid‐point of latitudinal range was a major factor associated with reproductive seasonality, indicating a correlation with photoperiod. Gestation length, annual mean temperature, natural diet and Malagasy origin were other important factors associated with reproductive seasonality. Birth seasons were shorter with increasing latitude of geographical origin, corresponding to the decreasing length of the favourable season. Species with longer gestation periods were less seasonal than species with shorter ones, possibly because shorter gestation periods more easily facilitate the synchronisation of reproductive activity with annual cycles. Habitat conditions with higher mean annual temperature were also linked to less‐seasonal reproduction, independently of the latitude effect. Species with a high percentage of leaves in their natural diet were generally non‐seasonal, potentially because the availability of mature leaves is comparatively independent of seasons. Malagasy primates were more seasonal in their births than species from other regions. This might be due to the low resting metabolism of Malagasy primates, the comparatively high degree of temporal predictability of Malagasy ecosystems, or historical constraints peculiar to Malagasy primates. Latitudinal range showed a weaker but also significant association with reproductive seasonality. Amongst species with seasonal reproduction in their natural habitats, smaller primate species were more likely than larger species to shift to non‐seasonal breeding in captivity. The percentage of species that changed their breeding pattern in zoos was higher in primates (30%) than in previous studies on Carnivora and Ruminantia (13 and 10%, respectively), reflecting a higher concentration of primate species in the tropics. When comparing only species that showed seasonal reproduction in natural habitats at absolute latitudes ≤11.75°, primates did not differ significantly from these two other taxa in the proportion of species that changed to a less‐seasonal pattern in zoos. However, in this latitude range, natural populations of primates and Carnivora had a significantly higher proportion of seasonally reproducing species than Ruminantia, suggesting that in spite of their generally more flexible diets, both primates and Carnivora are more exposed to resource fluctuation than ruminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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42. Human longevity and post-fertile survival are not predicted by primate allometric patterns
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Levitis, Daniel A., primary and Bingaman Lackey, Laurie, additional
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- 2010
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43. To care or to fight: must primate males choose?
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Levitis, Daniel A., primary and Bingaman Lackey, Laurie, additional
- Published
- 2010
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44. Retrospective analysis of elective health examinations as preventative medicine interventions at a zoological collection
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Barrows, Michelle, Killick, Rowena, Saunders, Richard, Tahas, Stamatios A, Day, Charlotte, Wyatt, Kellie, Horspool, Teresa, Bingaman Lackey, Laurie, Cook, Jennie, and University of Zurich
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10253 Department of Small Animals ,630 Agriculture ,570 Life sciences ,biology - Published
- 2017
45. Seasonal mortality in zoo ruminants
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Carisch, Lea, Müller, Dennis W H, Hatt, Jean-Michel, Bingaman Lackey, Laurie, Rensch, E Eberhard, Clauss, Marcus, Zerbe, Philipp, University of Zurich, and Clauss, Marcus
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reproduction ,10253 Department of Small Animals ,630 Agriculture ,seasonality ,husbandry ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,ruminant ,1103 Animal Science and Zoology ,climate ,mortality - Published
- 2017
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46. Seasonality of reproduction in Asian elephantsElephas maximusand African elephantsLoxodonta africana: underlying photoperiodic cueing?
- Author
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Hufenus, Rahel, primary, Schiffmann, Christian, additional, Hatt, Jean-Michel, additional, Müller, Dennis W. H., additional, Lackey, Laurie Bingaman, additional, Clauss, Marcus, additional, and Zerbe, Philipp, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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47. Geographical Origin, Delayed Implantation, and Induced Ovulation Explain Reproductive Seasonality in the Carnivora
- Author
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Heldstab, Sandra A., primary, Müller, Dennis W. H., additional, Graber, Sereina M., additional, Bingaman Lackey, Laurie, additional, Rensch, Eberhard, additional, Hatt, Jean-Michel, additional, Zerbe, Philipp, additional, and Clauss, Marcus, additional
- Published
- 2018
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48. The human post-fertile lifespan in comparative evolutionary context
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Laurie Bingaman Lackey, Daniel A. Levitis, and Oskar F. Burger
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Reproductive senescence ,Evolutionary biology ,Anthropology ,Trait ,Context (language use) ,Grandparent ,General Medicine ,Comparative biology ,Socioecology ,Biology ,Special pleading ,Human Females ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
There persist two widely held but mutually inconsistent views on the evolution of post-fertile lifespan of human females. The first, prevalent within anthropology, sees post-fertile lifespan (PFLS) in the light of adaptive processes, focusing on the social and economic habits of humans that selected for a lengthy PFLS.[1-3] This view rests on the assumption that human PFLS is distinct from that of other species, and focuses on quantifying the selective causes and consequences of that difference. The second view, prevalent within gerontology and comparative biology, emphasizes that PFLS is a phylogenetically widespread trait[4-6] or that human PFLS is predictable based on life-history allometries.[7] In this view, human PFLS is part of a broad cross-species pattern and its genesis cannot, therefore, rely on human-specific traits. Those who advocate the second view have questioned the “special pleading” for human specific explanations of PFLS,[4] and have argued that human PFLS is quantitatively greater but not qualitatively different than PFLS in many other animals.[5, 8] Papers asking whether human PFLS is explained by the importance of mothers more than grandmothers, whether paternal or maternal grandparents have more of an effect on child survival, or who is providing the excess calories are associated with the first view that assumes the need to explain the existence of human PFLS on the basis of a uniquely human socioecology. Anthropologists largely see human PFLS as derived, while comparative gerontologists point to evidence that it is one instance of a ubiquitous cross-species pattern. The two groups generally occupy non-overlapping research circles, in terms of conferences and journals, and therefore interact little enough to largely avoid the need to reconcile their views, allowing the persistence of misconceptions in each field. Our goal is to identify and address the most important of these misconceptions and thereby make clear that both of these seemingly incongruent views contain valid points. We argue that two distinct but related traits have been lumped together under the same concept of “post-reproductive lifespan,” one (post-fertile viability) that is tremendously widespread and another (a post-fertile life stage) that is derived to hominins, and that the differences and connections between these two traits are necessary for understanding human life-history evolution.
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- 2013
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49. Comparative analyses of longevity and senescence reveal variable survival benefits of living in zoos across mammals
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Vérane Berger, Laurie Bingaman Lackey, Olivier Gimenez, Jean-François Lemaître, Marcus Clauss, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Dennis W. H. Müller, Morgane Tidière, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Zurich, and Tidière, Morgane
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Male ,0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Senescence ,10253 Department of Small Animals ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,animal diseases ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Longevity ,Zoology ,Captivity ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Intraspecific competition ,Predation ,03 medical and health sciences ,Species Specificity ,Animals ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,media_common ,Mammals ,1000 Multidisciplinary ,Multidisciplinary ,Extinction ,630 Agriculture ,Ecology ,030104 developmental biology ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,Animals, Zoo ,Female ,Mammal ,Reproduction - Abstract
While it is commonly believed that animals live longer in zoos than in the wild, this assumption has rarely been tested. We compared four survival metrics (longevity, baseline mortality, onset of senescence and rate of senescence) between both sexes of free-ranging and zoo populations of more than 50 mammal species. We found that mammals from zoo populations generally lived longer than their wild counterparts (84% of species). The effect was most notable in species with a faster pace of life (i.e. a short life span, high reproductive rate and high mortality in the wild) because zoos evidently offer protection against a number of relevant conditions like predation, intraspecific competition and diseases. Species with a slower pace of life (i.e. a long life span, low reproduction rate and low mortality in the wild) benefit less from captivity in terms of longevity; in such species, there is probably less potential for a reduction in mortality. These findings provide a first general explanation about the different magnitude of zoo environment benefits among mammalian species, and thereby highlight the effort that is needed to improve captive conditions for slow-living species that are particularly susceptible to extinction in the wild.
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- 2016
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50. Seasonal mortality in zoo ruminants
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Lea, Carisch, Dennis W H, Müller, Jean-Michel, Hatt, Laurie, Bingaman Lackey, E Eberhard, Rensch, Marcus, Clauss, and Philipp, Zerbe
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Male ,Sex Factors ,Animals ,Animals, Zoo ,Female ,Ruminants ,Seasons ,Animal Husbandry ,Environment ,Mortality ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
While seasonality has often been investigated with respect to reproduction, seasonality of mortality has received less attention. We investigated whether a seasonal signal of mortality exists in wild ruminants kept in zoos, using data from 60,591 individuals of 88 species. We quantified the mortality in the 3 consecutive months with the highest above-baseline mortality (3 MM). 3 MM was not related to relative life expectancy of species, indicating that seasonal mortality does not necessarily impact husbandry success. Although 3 MM was mainly observed in autumn/winter months, there was no evidence for an expected negative relationship with the latitude of the species' natural habitat and no positive relationship between 3 MM and the mean temperature in that habitat, indicating no evidence for species from lower latitudes/warmer climates being more susceptible to seasonal mortality under zoo conditions. 3 MM was related to reproductive biology, with seasonally reproducing species also displaying more seasonal mortality. This pattern differed between groups: In cervids, the onset of seasonal mortality appeared linked to the onset of rut in both sexes. This was less evident in bovids, where in a number of species (especially caprids), the onset of female seasonal mortality was linked to the lambing period. While showing that the origin of a species from warmer climate zones does not constrain husbandry success in ruminants in terms of an increased seasonal mortality, the results suggest that husbandry measures aimed at protecting females from rutting males are important, especially in cervids. Zoo Biol. 36:74-86, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
- Published
- 2016
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