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Abstract Iron-based nanozymes, recognized for their biocompatibility and peroxidase-like activities, hold promise as catalysts in tumor therapy. However, their concurrent catalase-like activity undermines therapeutic efficacy by converting hydrogen peroxide in tumor tissues into oxygen, thus diminishing hydroxyl radical production. Addressing this challenge, this study introduces the hemin–cysteine–Fe (HCFe) nanozyme, which exhibits exclusive peroxidase-like activity. Constructed through a supramolecular assembly approach involving Fmoc-l-cysteine, heme, and Fe²⁺ coordination, HCFe distinctly incorporates heme and [Fe–S] within its active center. Sulfur coordination to the central Fe atom of Hemin is crucial in modulating the catalytic preference of the HCFe nanozyme towards peroxidase-like activity. This unique mechanism distinguishes HCFe from other bifunctional iron-based nanozymes, enhancing its catalytic selectivity even beyond that of natural peroxidases. This selective activity allows HCFe to significantly elevate ROS production and exert cytotoxic effects, especially against cisplatin-resistant esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells and their xenografts in female mice when combined with cisplatin. These findings underscore HCFe’s potential as a crucial component in multimodal cancer therapy, notably in augmenting chemotherapy efficacy.

Abstract Liver fibrosis (LF) is a common sequela to diverse chronic liver injuries, leading to rising rates of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As the medicinal and edible homologous material, traditional teas have exhibited promising applications in the clinical management of liver fibrosis. Here, we generated a liver fibrosis mouse model to explore the potent therapeutic ability of Ampelopsis grossedentata (AG) tea on this condition by multi-omics analysis. The biochemistry results pointed towards mitigated increases of ALT, AST, TBIL, and ALP triggered by BDL in the AG-treated group. Examination using H&E and Sirius Red staining revealed severe liver injuries, inflammation infiltration, amplified fibrosed regions, and the creation of bile ducts, all of which were fallout from BDL. Immunohistochemistry findings also implicated a noteworthy upregulation of the HSC activation marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and the fibrosis marker collagen I in the BDL group. However, these symptoms demonstrated a significant improvement in the group treated with 100 mg/kg AG. Findings from the Western Blot test corroborated the prominent elevation of TNF-α, col1a1, α-SMA, and TGF-β, instigated by BDL, while AG treatment meaningfully modulated these proteins. Furthermore, our study underscored the potential involvement of several microbiota, such as Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, Eubacterium Ruminantium, Ruminococcus 1, Christensenellaceae R-7, Acetatifactor, Dubosiella, Parasutterella, Faecalibaculum, and Defluviitaleaceae UCG-011, in the progression of liver fibrosis and the therapeutic efficacy of AG. This investigation shows that during the process of AG ameliorating BDL-induced liver fibrosis, bile acid derivatives such as CDCA, TCDCA, 3-DHC, UCA, DCA, among others, play significant roles. In this study, we identified that several non-bile acid metabolites, such as Deltarasin, Thr-Ile-Arg, etc., are entailed in the process of AG improving liver fibrosis.

First, we construct a new type of feedforward neural network operators on finite intervals, and give the pointwise and global estimates of approximation by the new operators. The new operator can approximate the continuous functions with a very good rate, which can not be obtained by polynomial approximation. Second, we construct a new type of feedforward neural network operator on infinite intervals and estimate the rate of approximation by the new operators. Finally, we investigate the weighted approximation properties of the new operators on infinite intervals and show that our new neural networks are dense in a very wide class of functional spaces. Thus, we demonstrate that approximation by feedforward neural networks has some better properties than approximation by polynomials on infinite intervals.

Abstract Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most prevalent and lethal malignancies affecting the female reproductive system, due to its tendency for metastasis and recurrence. This study identified the overexpression of LINC01320 (or long intergenic nonprotein coding RNA 1320) in tissues of ovarian cancer through the analysis of patient samples and online datasets. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that silencing of LINC01320 expression led to inhibition of proliferation and metastasis of OC cells. RNA pull-down followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (RNA pull-down-LC-MS/MS) revealed that LINC01320 interacted with purine-rich element binding protein B (PURB), a transcriptional repressor. Furthermore, the RNA-seq analysis identified damage-specific DNA binding protein 2 (DDB2) as a major common target of LINC01320 and PURB. Mechanistically, LINC01320 could recruit PURB to the promoter region of DDB2 to repress DDB2 transcription; thus, promoting the expression of NEDD4L and impeding the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway, and ultimately facilitating the progression of OC. Finally, rescue experiments confirmed the involvement of the DDB2/NEDD4L/TGF-β axis in LINC01320-mediated OC progression. In conclusion, this study unveils for the first time the pivotal function of the LINC01320/PURB/DDB2/NEDD4L/TGF-β axis and explores its prospective clinical implications in OC.

Abstract Ginkgo biloba extract is reported to have therapeutic effects on aging‐related disorders. However, the specific component responsible for this biological function and its mechanism of action remain largely unknown. This study finds that Ginkgetin, an active ingredient of Ginkgo biloba extract, can alleviate cellular senescence and improve pathologies in multiple tissues of aging mice. To reveal the molecular mechanism of Ginkgetin's anti‐aging effect, a graph convolutional network‐based drug “on‐target” pathway prediction algorithm for prediction is employed. The results indicate that the cGAS‐STING pathway may be a potential target for Ginkgetin. Subsequent cell biological and biophysical data confirmed that Ginkgetin directly binds to the carboxy‐terminal domain of STING protein, thereby inhibiting STING activation and signal transduction. Furthermore, in vivo pharmacodynamic data showed that Ginkgetin effectively alleviates systemic inflammation in Trex1−/− mice and inhibits the abnormally activated STING signaling in aging mouse model. In summary, this study, utilizing an artificial intelligence algorithm combined with pharmacological methods, confirms STING serves as a critical target for Ginkgetin in alleviating inflammation and senescence. Importantly, this study elucidates the specific component and molecular mechanism underlying the anti‐aging effect of Ginkgo biloba extract, providing a robust theoretical basis for its therapeutic use.

The process of rapid urbanization has led to an increase in energy consumption and pollution emissions, posing a significant threat to the environment, as well as human life and health. This is particularly evident in resource-based cities and towns where factors of production rely heavily on unsustainable development patterns. It is imperative to establish an emergency response mechanism for high-priority risks. In this study, risk indices were used to analyze the characteristics of soil HM pollution. The Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) model and Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) model were used to assess the probabilistic health risks posed by HMs and were combined with the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model to identify the major sources contributing to these risks. The soil contamination and ecological risks were assessed to be at minimal levels, with Cd and Hg identified as the predominant contaminants. Probabilistic HHRA indicated that health risks were higher for children than for adults. Specifically, HMs present unacceptable non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks with probabilities of 8.63% and 30.83% for children, respectively, while adults faced negligible non-carcinogenic risks and acceptable carcinogenic risks, both with a certainty of 100%. The PMF model identified five sources, including fuel combustion, agriculture, natural processes, transportation emissions, and processing and manufacturing. These sources were found to contribute insignificantly to non-carcinogenic risks for all populations but presented notable carcinogenic risks. Ni and Cr were identified as the leading elements contributing to health hazards, with transportation recognized as a priority anthropogenic source warranting regulatory attention. In this study, the assessment of pollution levels and health hazards mostly relied on HM concentrations, demonstrating a limited influence of toxicity. This research exemplifies the use of probabilistic risk assessment based on specific sources, which can offer new perspectives on the risk assessment of soil HMs in resource-dependent cities and towns as well as valuable insights into the development of risk prevention and control strategies.

X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) is a common retinal genetic disease that occurs in juvenile males and causes progressive visual impairment. This presents a schisis in the macula or peripheral retina of bilateral eyes, which has no effective treatment. Here, we introduced the RS1 (c.C304T, p.R102W) mutation into a normal induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell line using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. This missense mutation was consistent with that observed in the XLRS patient-derived iPS cell line (CSUASOi001-A). Conclusively, establishing a directed gene mutation cell line (CSUi007-A) provides a useful cell resource to investigate XLRS pathogenesis.

Zirconium phosphate is the first artificially produced layered phosphate that can sorb a variety of nuclides from solutions. Sodium zirconium phosphate (NZP) was a type of α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP). The porous sodium zirconium phosphate pellets (p-NZP-P) with a diameter of more than ∼3 mm were prepared and used for uranium sorption. The p-NZP-P could be immersed in solutions for more than 5 days without dissolving and structurally collapsing. The sorption properties of U(Ⅵ) on p-NZP-P in solutions were investigated by both static and dynamic sorption tests. Synthetic p-NZP-P was analyzed in detail using various characterizations to investigate their character and structural changes. In the static sorption experiment, the equilibrium sorption capacity reached the 77.5 ± 1.5 mg·g−1 when the initial concentration of U(Ⅵ) was 100 mg/L, pHinitial = 4.5, T = 25 ℃. Uranium sorption increased by ∼69 % and ∼215 %, respectively, when the initial uranium concentration was increased from 100 to 300 mg·L−1 and the temperature was increased from 15 to 55 °C. Furthermore, uranium sorption increased by ∼541 % when the initial pH increased from 2.5 to 4.5, while it decreased by ∼39 % when the initial pH increased from 4.5 to 7.0. The sorption data corresponded to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model, as well as the theoretically predicted value of sorption capacity (∼199.9 mg·g−1). The results of the dynamic sorption experiment showed that decreasing the quality, increasing the flow rate and the initial U(Ⅵ) concentration would shorten the breakthrough time. The dynamic sorption data agreed well with the Thomas model. The characterization confirmed the porous properties, while the U(Ⅵ) sorption mechanisms relate to –OH coordination and ion exchange. A radioactive rare earth wastewater treatment test suggested that p-NZP-P could be the potential uranium sorbent due to its good stability and efficiency. This paper opened opportunities for the development of practical materials for treating radioactive wastewater in the application of actual scenarios.

Abstract Natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and enzymes (AMEs) are promising non-antibiotic candidates against antimicrobial resistance but suffer from low efficiency and poor stability. Here, we develop peptide nanozymes which mimic the mode of action of AMPs and AMEs through de novo design and peptide assembly. Through modelling a minimal building block of IHIHICI is proposed by combining critical amino acids in AMPs and AMEs and hydrophobic isoleucine to conduct assembly. Experimental validations reveal that IHIHICI assemble into helical β-sheet nanotubes with acetate modulation and perform phospholipase C-like and peroxidase-like activities with Ni coordination, demonstrating high thermostability and resistance to enzymatic degradation. The assembled nanotubes demonstrate cascade antifungal actions including outer mannan docking, wall disruption, lipid peroxidation and subsequent ferroptotic death, synergistically killing >90% Candida albicans within 10 min on disinfection pad. These findings demonstrate an effective de novo design strategy for developing materials with multi-antimicrobial mode of actions.

To investigate the influence of the flow channel’s width-to-narrow ratio on the Tesla valve’s flow characteristics, this paper establishes five Tesla valve models with different width-to-narrow ratios. Employing the laminar flow model, CFD methods were used to numerically simulate both the forward and reverse flows through the Tesla valve across a spectrum of width-to-narrow ratios, ranging from 0.2 to 1. The results reveal the flow trends in the straight or arc channels show opposite variation patterns when flowing in forward and reverse directions. The flow rate passing through straight channel is more sensitive to the response of a small width-to-narrow ratio. Irrespective of the flow direction, as the width-to-narrow ratio increases, the fluid flow within the valve demonstrates increasingly pronounced stratification. The pressure curve of the diversion section assumes an “∞” shape in forward flow, whereas in reverse flow, it assumes a “flat plate” shape.

Objective: This study explores the mechanism of AAC in intervening heart failure (HF) using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro experimental validation. Methods: The “active component-target” network and the “drug-disease target” protein interaction network were constructed using Cytoscape 3.9.0 and STRING Database. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was performed using DAVID database. Then, the molecular docking of major compounds and target proteins was carried out using Autodock 1.5.7, and visualized with PyMOL 2.4.0 software. Finally, in vitro experimental validation was performed to explore the potential targets of AAC in treating HF. Results: The study revealed significant targets implicated in a variety of GO bioprocess programs and KEGG signaling networks. The primary chemicals to have strong binding ability with target proteins in molecular docking, with quercetin having the best binding energy with MAPK at −6.72 Kcal/Mol.Validation of cellular experiments showed that AAC might reduce the apoptosis that doxorubicin causes in AC16 cells by controlling the levels of PIK3CA, AKT1, and MAPK1. Conclusion: This study preliminarily reveals that AAC can treat HF through multiple components and multiple targets by using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation.

Neurological diseases have consistently represented a significant challenge in both clinical treatment and scientific research. As research has progressed, the significance of mitochondria in the pathogenesis and progression of neurological diseases has become increasingly prominent. Mitochondria serve not only as a source of energy, but also as regulators of cellular growth and death. Both oxidative stress and mitophagy are intimately associated with mitochondria, and there is mounting evidence that mitophagy and oxidative stress exert a pivotal regulatory influence on the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. In recent years, there has been a notable rise in the prevalence of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI), vascular dementia (VaD), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which collectively represent a significant public health concern. Reduced levels of mitophagy have been observed in CI/RI, VaD and AD. The improvement of associated pathology has been demonstrated through the increase of mitophagy levels. CI/RI results in cerebral tissue ischemia and hypoxia, which causes oxidative stress, disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and damage to the cerebral vasculature. The BBB disruption and cerebral vascular injury may induce or exacerbate VaD to some extent. In addition, inadequate cerebral perfusion due to vascular injury or altered function may exacerbate the accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) thereby contributing to or exacerbating AD pathology. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA; alteplase) and endovascular thrombectomy are effective treatments for stroke. However, there is a narrow window of opportunity for the administration of tPA and thrombectomy, which results in a markedly elevated incidence of disability among patients with CI/RI. It is regrettable that there are currently no there are still no specific drugs for VaD and AD. Despite the availability of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved clinical first-line drugs for AD, including memantine, donepezil hydrochloride, and galantamine, these agents do not fundamentally block the pathological process of AD. In this paper, we undertake a review of the mechanisms of mitophagy and oxidative stress in neurological disorders, a summary of the clinical trials conducted in recent years, and a proposal for a new strategy for targeted treatment of neurological disorders based on both mitophagy and oxidative stress.

Leveraging the trait activation theory, the study constructs a model featuring moderated chain mediation to explore how perceived overqualification influences employee innovation performance. After conducting two surveys with Chinese employees, this study collects 363 valid questionnaires. The findings reveal that perceived overqualification is positively related to employee innovation performance. Both self-oriented perfectionism and job crafting are partial mediators between perceived overqualification and innovation performance, and they collectively play a chain mediating role. Furthermore, independent self-construction positively moderates the link between perceived overqualification and self-oriented perfectionism, and informal status positively moderates the relationship between job crafting and employee innovation performance. Additionally, the indirect influence of perceived overqualification on employee innovation performance is moderated by independent self-construction and informal status. This study adds to the current body of literature on perceived overqualification and offers practical implications for organizations aiming to enhance innovation performance.

BackgroundLife events are important risk factors for depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Physical activity is a beneficial behavior to physiological and psychological health. While it has not been reported at present the combined effect of physical activity and life events on individual depression and PTSD, and whether it can alleviate the psychological risks induced by life events.ObjectiveTo comprehensively investigate the current status of life events experiences in Chinese students aged 16–24 years and analyze the combined effects of physical activity and life events on their depression and PTSD.MethodsAn online cross-sectional survey was conducted on physical activity levels, life events experiences, depression and PTSD of 1,552 Chinese students aged 16–24 using short version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-S), adolescent self-rating life events checklist (ASLEC), PTSD Check List-Civilian Version (PCL-C) and Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale. Then, logistic regression equation and stratified analysis were used to explore the combined effects of physical activity and life events on depression and PTSD.ResultsRegression analysis showed that, except for female,

Abstract Individuals of the general public can perform both consumer and citizen roles in farm animal welfare, and attitudes toward farm animal welfare may differ between these roles. However, scant research is available regarding this distinction, especially in developing countries such as China. The present study aimed to explore consumer-citizen gaps in Chinese public attitudes toward farm animal welfare across three dimensions and across demographic characteristics. A 36-item scale was designed, and completed by 5284 Chinese participants in a large-scale cross-sectional survey. Consumer-citizen gaps in attitudes toward farm animal welfare across three dimensions and demographic characteristics were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and effects of demographic characteristics on attitudes were further explored by linear regression analysis. A significant consumer-citizen gap was found in overall attitudes, although the consumer role was only slightly more positive than the citizen role. The consumer-citizen gap is driven by differences in both cognitive attitudes and behavioral attitudes. The gap is most pronounced in cognitive attitudes, where the consumer role is significantly more positive, and smaller in behavioral attitudes, where the citizen role is significantly more positive. The consumer-citizen gap varies significantly among different demographic groups, including gender, age, education, monthly household income, area of residence, and occupation. Additionally, education, monthly household income, and area of residence have significant effects on attitudes in the dual role, whereas gender only affect consumer-role attitudes significantly. The findings provide evidence that consumer-citizen gaps in Chinese public attitudes toward farm animal welfare exist, and this distinction is mainly determined by demographic characteristics.

BackgroundCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) stand as the foremost global cause of mortality, prompting a growing interest in using the potential of immune cells for heart injury treatment. This study aims to assess the causal association between immune cells and CVDs.MethodsA total of 731 immune cells were derived from a previously published genome-wide association study (GWAS), which included approximately 22 million genetic variants among 3,757 individuals of Sardinian ancestry. Genetic associations with atrial fibrillation (AF), heart failure, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction and stroke were extracted from large-scale GWAS. A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to assess the causal association between immune cells and CVDs. Replication MR analysis based on FinnGen dataset and meta-analysis are sequentially conducted to validate causal relationships.ResultsCollectively, genetically predicted 4 immune cell traits were associated with AF and 5 immune cell traits were associated with stroke. Increased levels of IgD- CD38dim absolute count were associated with a higher susceptibility to AF, while increased expression of CD14+ CD16+ monocytes, CD62L on CD62L+ myeloid dendritic cells, and CD16 on CD14- CD16+ monocytes were linked to a decreased susceptibility to AF. Additionally, an elevated susceptibility to stroke was linked to an increase in the percentage of CD39+ resting Tregs and heightened CD27 expression on IgD- CD38+ cells. Conversely, a decreased susceptibility to stroke was associated with increased CD40 expression on monocytes, particularly on CD14+ CD16+ and CD14+ CD16- monocytes, with the latter two showing the most compelling evidence.ConclusionThis study identified several immune cell traits that have a causal relationship with CVDs, thus confirming that immune cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of these diseases.

Abstract Well‐defined nanostructures are crucial for precisely understanding nano‐bio interactions. However, nanoparticles (NPs) fabricated through conventional synthesis approaches often lack poor controllability and reproducibility. Herein, a synthetic biology‐based strategy is introduced to fabricate uniformly reproducible protein‐based NPs, achieving precise control over heterogeneous components of the NPs. Specifically, a ferritin assembly toolbox system is developed that enables intracellular assembly of ferritin subunits/variants in Escherichia coli. Using this strategy, a proof‐of‐concept study is provided to explore the interplay between ligand density of NPs and their tumor targets/penetration. Various ferritin hybrid nanocages (FHn) containing human ferritin heavy chains (FH) and light chains are accurately assembled, leveraging their intrinsic binding with tumor cells and prolonged circulation time in blood, respectively. Further studies reveal that tumor cell uptake is FH density‐dependent through active binding with transferrin receptor 1, whereas in vivo tumor accumulation and tissue penetration are found to be correlated to heterogeneous assembly of FHn and vascular permeability of tumors. Densities of 3.7 FH/100 nm2 on the nanoparticle surface exhibit the highest degree of tumor accumulation and penetration, particularly in tumors with high permeability compared to those with low permeability. This study underscores the significance of nanoparticle heterogeneity in determining particle fate in biological systems.

The innovation factor allocation efficiency (IFAE), indicated by R&D institutions' technical input information and manufacturers’ technical output information, is mainly optimized by transformation of incomplete technical information into relatively complete information and finally complete technical information. There are two optimization mechanisms, namely single optimization and continuous optimization. The empirical analysis selected data from 73 listed companies in software development and 596 listed companies in processing and manufacturing, and testified its hypotheses with GMM regression results. The research finds that the differences in benefits are caused by gradual changes in technical information. With shared goals of benefit maximization between R&D institutions and manufacturers, a correct strategy for technical information can optimize the IFAE. Single optimization refers to the one-time recognition or identification of relatively complete technical information and complete information, acquisition of technical information from one-time cognition, and thorough application of resource input, thus realizing high-level technology progress gradually. Continuous optimization, based on single optimization, involves the prioritized reporting of complete technical information by participants, thus achieving optimal IFAE. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate the improvement in the incentive mechanisms for technology innovation efficiency. R&D institutions should promote original innovation and integrated innovation, expand technical information increment, deepen the cooperation with manufacturers actively, and facilitate the technical information sharing.

Abstract The neutron capture cross section of $$ ^{181} $$ 181 Ta is relevant to s-process of nuclear astrophysics, extraterrestrial samples analysis in planetary geology and new generation nuclear energy system design. The $$^{181}$$ 181 Ta( $$n,\gamma $$ n , γ ) cross section had been measured between 1 eV and 800 keV at the back-streaming white neutron facility (Back-n) of China spallation neutron source(CSNS) using the time-of-flight (TOF) technique and $$\hbox {C}_{6}\,\hbox {D}_{6}$$ C 6 D 6 liquid scintillator detectors. The experimental results are compared with the data of several evaluated libraries and previous experiments in the resolved and unresolved resonance region. Resonance parameters are extracted using the R-Matrix code SAMMY in the 1–700 eV region. The astrophysical Maxwell average cross section(MACS) from kT = 5 to 100 keV is calculated over a sufficiently wide range of neutron energies. For the characteristic thermal energy of an astrophysical site, at kT = 30keV the MACS value of $$^{181}$$ 181 Ta is 834 ± 75 mb, which shows an obvious discrepancy with the Karlsruhe Astrophysical Database of Nucleosynthesis in Stars (KADoNiS) recommended value 766 ± 15 mb. The new measurements strongly constrain the MACS of $$^{181}$$ 181 Ta( $$n,\gamma $$ n , γ ) reaction in the stellar s-process temperatures.

PurposeTo quantify the global impact of vision impairment in individuals aged 65 years and older between 1990 and 2019, segmented by disease, age, and sociodemographic index (SDI).MethodsUsing the Global Burden of Diseases 2019 (GBD 2019) dataset, a retrospective demographic evaluation was undertaken to ascertain the magnitude of vision loss over this period. Metrics evaluated included case numbers, prevalence rates per 100,000 individuals, and shifts in prevalence rates via average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) and years lived with disability (YLDs).ResultsFrom 1990 to 2019, vision impairment rates for individuals aged 65 years and older increased from 40,027.0 (95% UI: 32,232.9-49,945.1) to 40,965.8 (95% UI: 32,911-51,358.3, AAPC: 0.11). YLDs associated with vision loss saw a significant decrease, moving from 1713.5 (95% UI: 1216.2–2339.7) to 1579.1 (95% UI: 1108.3–2168.9, AAPC: −0.12). Gender-based evaluation showed males had lower global prevalence and YLD rates compared to females. Cataracts and near vision impairment were the major factors, raising prevalence by 6.95 and 2.11%, respectively. Cataract prevalence in high-middle SDI regions and near vision deficits in high SDI regions significantly influenced YLDs variation between 1990 and 2019.ConclusionOver the past three decades, there has been a significant decrease in the vision impairment burden in individuals aged 65 and older worldwide. However, disparities continue, based on disease type, regional SDI, and age brackets. Enhancing eye care services, both in scope and quality, is crucial for reducing the global vision impairment burden among the older adults.

The death of cells can occur through various pathways, including apoptosis, necroptosis, mitophagy, pyroptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, and disulfide-driven necrosis. Increasing evidence suggests that mitophagy and ferroptosis play crucial regulatory roles in the development of stroke. In recent years, the incidence of stroke has been gradually increasing, posing a significant threat to human health. Hemorrhagic stroke accounts for only 15% of all strokes, while ischemic stroke is the predominant type, representing 85% of all stroke cases. Ischemic stroke refers to a clinical syndrome characterized by local ischemic-hypoxic necrosis of brain tissue due to various cerebrovascular disorders, leading to rapid onset of corresponding neurological deficits. Currently, specific therapeutic approaches targeting the pathophysiological mechanisms of ischemic brain tissue injury mainly include intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular intervention. Despite some clinical efficacy, these approaches inevitably lead to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Therefore, exploration of treatment options for ischemic stroke remains a challenging task. In light of this background, advancements in targeted therapy for cerebrovascular diseases through mitophagy and ferroptosis offer a new direction for the treatment of such diseases. In this review, we summarize the progress of mitophagy and ferroptosis in regulating ischemia-reperfusion injury in stroke and emphasize their potential molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis. Importantly, we systematically elucidate the role of medicinal plants and their active metabolites in targeting mitophagy and ferroptosis in ischemia-reperfusion injury in stroke, providing new insights and perspectives for the clinical development of therapeutic drugs for these diseases.

Abstract Silicon (Si)‐based solid‐state batteries (Si‐SSBs) are attracting tremendous attention because of their high energy density and unprecedented safety, making them become promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage systems. Nevertheless, the commercialization of Si‐SSBs is significantly impeded by enormous challenges including large volume variation, severe interfacial problems, elusive fundamental mechanisms, and unsatisfied electrochemical performance. Besides, some unknown electrochemical processes in Si‐based anode, solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs), and Si‐based anode/SSE interfaces are still needed to be explored, while an in‐depth understanding of solid–solid interfacial chemistry is insufficient in Si‐SSBs. This review aims to summarize the current scientific and technological advances and insights into tackling challenges to promote the deployment of Si‐SSBs. First, the differences between various conventional liquid electrolyte‐dominated Si‐based lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with Si‐SSBs are discussed. Subsequently, the interfacial mechanical contact model, chemical reaction properties, and charge transfer kinetics (mechanical–chemical kinetics) between Si‐based anode and three different SSEs (inorganic (oxides) SSEs, organic–inorganic composite SSEs, and inorganic (sulfides) SSEs) are systemically reviewed, respectively. Moreover, the progress for promising inorganic (sulfides) SSE‐based Si‐SSBs on the aspects of electrode constitution, three‐dimensional structured electrodes, and external stack pressure is highlighted, respectively. Finally, future research directions and prospects in the development of Si‐SSBs are proposed.

Muscle strength (MS) is related to our neural and muscle systems, essential for clinical diagnosis and rehabilitation evaluation. Although emerging wearable technology seems promising for MS assessment, problems still exist, including inaccuracy, spatiotemporal differences, and analyzing methods. In this study, we propose a wearable device consisting of myoelectric and strain sensors, synchronously acquiring surface electromyography and mechanical signals at the same spot during muscle activities, and then employ a deep learning model based on temporal convolutional network (TCN) + Transformer (Tcnformer), achieving accurate grading and prediction of MS. Moreover, by combining with deep clustering, named Tcnformer deep cluster (TDC), we further obtain a 25-level classification for MS assessment, refining the conventional 5 levels. Quantification and validation showcase a patient’s postoperative recovery from level 3.2 to level 3.6 in the first few days after surgery. We anticipate that this system will importantly advance precise MS assessment, potentially improving relevant clinical diagnosis and rehabilitation outcomes.

X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) is one of the most common retinal genetic diseases with progressive visual impairment in childhood affecting males. It is manifested with macular and/or peripheral schisis in neural retinas with no effective treatment. Previously, we successfully generated a human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line from an XLRS patient carrying the hemizygous RS1 c. 304C > T (p.R102W) mutation. Here, we corrected the c.304C > T mutation in the RS1 gene using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate an isogenic control. This cell line is valuable for the study of XLRS.

Excipient emulsions were prepared using different emulsifiers (pectin and sodium caseinate, individually or compositely) to study the emulsifying properties and their co-digested effects on the retention and bioaccessibility of carotenoids in mandarin juice, which is a good source of carotenoids in people's diet. Results showed that both pectin (PC) and pectin-sodium caseinate (PC-SC) emulsion significantly increased the carotenoids retention and bioaccessibility of mandarin juice, with the effects depending on both emulsifiers and polymer concentration. Whether for PC or PC-SC emulsion, lower pectin content accompanied with lower viscosity showed higher carotenoids bioaccessibility. And for the complexed emulsions, appropriate sodium caseinate addition could be more beneficial in improving carotenoids bioaccessibility. It had been found that the viscosity comparing with particle size seemed to play a more important role in affecting carotenoid bioaccessibility during the co-digestion. This study could provide a basis for improving the carotenoids bioaccessibility in the real system of fruits and vegetables with excipient emulsions.

Background: Traumatic events can cause social tension, anxiety, panic and other psychological crises, and can even cause post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suicide. Physical activity has a good role in promoting mental health, and has a great application prospect in individual psychological intervention after traumatic events. However, no systematic review of the relationship between physical activity and individual mental health after traumatic events affecting many people has been published so far, which makes it impossible for people to understand the research status in this field from a holistic perspective. Objective: This review explores the relationship between physical activity and individual psychology, physiology, subjective quality of life and well-being after traumatic events, so as to provide some valuable clues or enlightenment for individual psychological intervention after traumatic events. Method: Relevant literature was searched in five databases, summarised, sorted and studied. Results: Thirty-three study papers were included in this review, the main study findings include: (1) Physical activity is positively correlated with individual mental resilience and subjective well-being after traumatic events, and negatively correlated with anxiety, depression, tension and PTSD. (2) Individuals with higher levels of physical activity have better mental health status after traumatic events than those who do not regularly engage in physical activity. (3) Physical activity can promote sleep quality, self-efficacy, subjective quality of life and various physiological functions of those experiencing traumatic events. (4) Physical activity (including exercise) is regarded as one of the preferred nursing measures to buffer against mental stress and maintain physical and mental health for those experiencing traumatic events. Conclusion: The level of physical activity is positively correlated with individual physical and mental health before and after traumatic events. Physical activity can be used as one of the effective measures to improve individual mental health after traumatic events.

With the rapid development of the power system and increasing demand for intelligence, substation operation training has received more attention. Action recognition is a monitoring and analysis system based on computer vision and artificial intelligence technology that can automatically identify and track personnel actions in video frames. The system accurately identifies abnormal behaviors such as illegal operations and provides real-time feedback to trainers or surveillance systems. The commonly adopted strategy for action recognition is to first extract human skeletons from videos and then recognize the skeleton sequences. Although graph convolutional networks (GCN)-based skeleton-based recognition methods have achieved impressive performance, they operate in spatial dimensions and cannot accurately describe the dependence between different time intervals in the temporal dimension. Additionally, existing methods typically handle the temporal and spatial dimensions separately, lacking effective communication between them. To address these issues, we propose a skeleton-based method that aggregates convolutional information of different scales in the time dimension to form a new scale dimension. We also introduce a space-time-scale attention module that enables effective communication and weight generation between the three dimensions for prediction. Our proposed method is validated on public datasets NTU60 and NTU120, with experimental results verifying its effectiveness. For substation operation training, we built a real-time recognition system based on our proposed method. We collected over 400 videos for evaluation, including 5 categories of actions, and achieved an accuracy of over 98%.

It is critical to understand the factors that are associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) progression, metastasis and response to therapy. Here, the authors analyse primary and metastatic NPC samples using bulk and single-cell sequencing, and find two distinct evolutionary routes that lead to metastasis.

Abstract Background Strokes significantly impair quality of life and incur high economic and societal burdens. The triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index is a biochemical marker of insulin resistance (IR) and may have important value in the prediction of strokes, especially ischemic stroke (IS). Our study aims to investigate the relationship between TyG index and IS and ascertain whether TyG index is independently associated with IS adverse outcomes. Methods The Cochrane, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, and other relevant English databases and related websites were systematically searched for articles on ‘‘TyG index’’ and "stroke" published from inception to April 4, 2022. We reviewed the available literature on the TyG index and its relation to predicting IS occurrence in the general population and adverse clinical outcomes. We calculated odds ratios (OR) of TyG index and its predictability of IS occurrence and adverse outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed using the Meta Package in STATA, version 12.0. Results A total of 18 studies and 592,635 patients were included in our analysis. The pooled effect values of all stroke types showed that higher TyG index was associated with increased the risk of IS in the general population (OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.22–1.54) in a total sample of 554,334 cases with a high level of heterogeneity (P = 0.000, I 2 = 74.10%). In addition, compared to IS patients with a lower TyG index, IS patients with a higher TyG index was associated with higher risk of stroke recurrence (OR: 1.50; 95% CI 1.19–1.89) and increased risk of mortality (OR 1.40 95% CI 1.14–1.71). No correlation was found in the effect value combinations of poor functional outcomes (OR 1.12; 95% CI 0.88–1.43) and neurological worsening (OR: 1.76; 95% CI 0.79–3.95) in a total sample of 38,301 cases with a high level of heterogeneity (P = 0.000; I 2 = 77.20%). Conclusions TyG index has potential value in optimizing risk stratification for IS in the general population. Furthermore, there is a significant association between high TyG index and many adverse outcomes of stroke, especially stroke recurrence and high mortality. Future studies should focus on multi-center and multi-regional designs in order to further explore the relationship between IS and TyG index.

Abstract Background In 2021, a once-in-a-century heavy rainstorm suddenly attacked Zhengzhou, an important inland city in northern China. However, there have been no studies on the psychological health of disaster-stricken residents. This study is the first to comprehensively report on the mental health status and related factors of local ordinary residents after the heavy rainstorm. Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the mental health status and related influencing factors of local ordinary residents after the flood disaster, and to provide reference for government departments to formulate disaster psychological intervention countermeasures based on evidence-driven strategies. Methods The snowball sampling technique was used in this study, and measurement tools of Rainstorm Exposure Questionnaire, Subjective Perception of Rainstorm, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian version (PCL-C), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DAS-21) and Chinese version of Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) were used to evaluate the rainstorm exposure, subjective perception of the rainstorm, psychological symptoms and social support of the disaster-stricken residents within a week after the rainstorm. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the psychological status and related factors of local residents after the rainstorm disaster. Results A total of 469 valid samples were obtained in this study. All the subjects were in the disaster area and experienced the rainstorm personally, with normal intelligence. The statistical results showed that 25.37% people had experienced at least three rainstorm-related stresses, nearly 20.26% people had post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and 39.3%, 53.92% and 65.83% people had depression, anxiety and stress symptoms, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analyses indicated that female (all p

Ras homolog enriched in brain (Rheb) is a small GTPase that activates mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Previous studies have shown that constitutively active Rheb can enhance the regeneration of sensory axons after spinal cord injury by activating downstream effectors of mTOR. S6K1 and 4E-BP1 are important downstream effectors of mTORC1. In this study, we investigated the role of Rheb/mTOR and its downstream effectors S6K1 and 4E-BP1 in the protection of retinal ganglion cells. We transfected an optic nerve crush mouse model with adeno-associated viral 2-mediated constitutively active Rheb and observed the effects on retinal ganglion cell survival and axon regeneration. We found that overexpression of constitutively active Rheb promoted survival of retinal ganglion cells in the acute (14 days) and chronic (21 and 42 days) stages of injury. We also found that either co-expression of the dominant-negative S6K1 mutant or the constitutively active 4E-BP1 mutant together with constitutively active Rheb markedly inhibited axon regeneration of retinal ganglion cells. This suggests that mTORC1-mediated S6K1 activation and 4E-BP1 inhibition were necessary components for constitutively active Rheb-induced axon regeneration. However, only S6K1 activation, but not 4E-BP1 knockdown, induced axon regeneration when applied alone. Furthermore, S6K1 activation promoted the survival of retinal ganglion cells at 14 days post-injury, whereas 4E-BP1 knockdown unexpectedly slightly decreased the survival of retinal ganglion cells at 14 days post-injury. Overexpression of constitutively active 4E-BP1 increased the survival of retinal ganglion cells at 14 days post-injury. Likewise, co-expressing constitutively active Rheb and constitutively active 4E-BP1 markedly increased the survival of retinal ganglion cells compared with overexpression of constitutively active Rheb alone at 14 days post-injury. These findings indicate that functional 4E-BP1 and S6K1 are neuroprotective and that 4E-BP1 may exert protective effects through a pathway at least partially independent of Rheb/mTOR. Together, our results show that constitutively active Rheb promotes the survival of retinal ganglion cells and axon regeneration through modulating S6K1 and 4E-BP1 activity. Phosphorylated S6K1 and 4E-BP1 promote axon regeneration but play an antagonistic role in the survival of retinal ganglion cells.

Alhagi maurorum (camelthorn) is one of the popular medicinal plants. The plant has many pharmaceutical uses in traditional medicine. In this study, nickel nanoparticles were synthesized according to green chemistry rules using the aqueous extract of A. maurorum. The green-synthesized NiNPs were characterized using different techniques such as EDX, FE-SEM, XRD, UV–vis and FT-IR. The FE-SEM results confirm spherical morphology for the nanoparticles with size of 20.56–36.63 nm. In the oncological part of the present study, the treated cells with NiNPs were assessed by MTT assay for 48 h about the cytotoxicity and anti-human ovarian cancer properties on normal (HUVEC) and ovarian cancer cell lines i.e. OVCAR-3, ES-2, TOV-21G, OV-90 and UWB1.289. The viability of malignant ovarian cell lines reduced dose-dependently in the presence of NiNPs. The IC50 of NiNPs was 191, 312, 250, 396 and 241 µg/mL against OVCAR-3, ES-2, TOV-21G, OV-90 and UWB1.289 cell lines respectively.

With the expansion of the scale of application of photovoltaic (PV) power generation, PV maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology has been transformed from uniform environmental conditions (UEC) to partial shading conditions (PSC), but there are certain limitations in the application of existing technologies under PSC. At present, a large number of several different PV MPPT algorithms have been proposed. In the research on MPPT technology under UEC, the MPPT technology based on the output characteristics of PV cells is used and the MPPT tracking speed has reached 20 times, in another improvement, the MPPT technology based on PV cell model is used, and the MPPT tracking accuracy has reached 99.4428%. In the process of MPPT technology transformation, there is a lack of sufficient comparative analysis and systematic review of these methods. This paper focuses on the tracking problem of the Voltage–Power (U–P) single-peak curve under the UEC to the U–P​ multi-peak curve under the partial shading conditions (PSC), and discuss four key issues in the development of PV MPPT research: (1) Under UEC, the performance of MPPT algorithms based on PV output characteristics and PV cell model; (2) The failure phenomenon when traditional MPPT technology is applied under PSC; (3) Under the PSC, the application process of the traditional methods and the swarm intelligence optimization algorithm (SIOA); (4) The bottlenecks faced by SIOA applications under PSC and the analysis of solutions. Through the analysis and comparison presented in this study, researchers can comprehensively understand the development and the important changes brought by PSC to MPPT technology. This could lead to exploration and research into the applications of SIOA in MPPT technology under PSC. The relevant conclusions will provide important directions for future research in the field of MPPT under PSC.

Immunotherapy is currently the most promising clinical treatment for lung cancer, not only revolutionizing second-line therapy but now also approved for first-line treatment. However, its clinical efficiency is not high and not all patients benefit from it. Thus, finding the best combination strategy to expand anti-PD-1/PD-L1-based immunotherapy is now a hot research topic. The conventional use of chemotherapeutic drugs and targeted drugs inevitably leads to resistance, toxic side effects and other problems. Recent research, however, suggests that by adjusting the dosage of drugs and blocking the activation of mutational mechanisms that depend on acquired resistance, it is possible to reduce toxic side effects, activate immune cells, and reshape the immune microenvironment of lung cancer. Here, we discuss the effects of different chemotherapeutic drugs and targeted drugs on the immune microenvironment. We explore the effects of adjusting the dosing sequence and timing, and the mechanisms of such responses, and show how the effectiveness and reliability of combined immunotherapy provide improved treatment outcomes.

The neutron capture measurement of natural rhenium was performed with the time-of-flight technique at the Back-n facility of the China Spallation Neutron Source in the energy range from 1 to 500 eV of the resolved resonance region (RRR) and from 5 to 400 keV in the unresolved resonance region (URR). Prompt γ-rays originating from neutron-induced capture events were detected by four C_{6}D_{6} detectors. The pulse height weighting technique and the double-bunch unfolding method based on the Bayesian theory were used in the data analysis. To obtain reliable measurement results, background subtraction, normalization, and corrections were carefully considered. The multilevel R-matrix Bayesian code SAMMY was used to extract the resonance parameters in the RRR. An absence of resonance near 392 eV is observed in our measurement, which has been observed in previous works. The average cross sections in the URR of natural rhenium relative to ^{197}Au were obtained in logarithmical equidistant energy bins with 20 bins per energy decade. The talys code was used to describe the average cross sections in the URR; the Maxwellian-averaged cross sections (MACSs) of ^{185}Re and ^{187}Re are given from kT=5 to 100 keV. At a thermal energy of kT=30 keV, the MACS value for ^{185}Re (1469±127 mb) is in good agreement with the Karlsruhe Astrophysical Database of Nucleosynthesis in Stars (KADoNIS) recommended value (1535±62 mb) within the error bars. By contrast, the value of 1361±118 mb for ^{187}Re shows a discrepancy with the KADoNiS recommended value (1160±57 mb).