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The surface mucosa that lines many of our organs houses myriad biometric signals and, therefore, has great potential as a sensor-tissue interface for high-fidelity and long-term biosensing. However, progress is still nascent for mucosa-interfacing electronics owing to challenges with establishing robust sensor-tissue interfaces; device localization, retention and removal; and power and data transfer. This is in sharp contrast to the rapidly advancing field of skin-interfacing electronics, which are replacing traditional hospital visits with minimally invasive, real-time, continuous and untethered biosensing. This Review aims to bridge the gap between skin-interfacing electronics and mucosa-interfacing electronics systems through a comparison of the properties and functions of the skin and internal mucosal surfaces. The major physiological signals accessible through mucosa-lined organs are surveyed and design considerations for the next generation of mucosa-interfacing electronics are outlined based on state-of-the-art developments in bio-integrated electronics. With this Review, we aim to inspire hardware solutions that can serve as a foundation for developing personalized biosensing from the mucosa, a relatively uncharted field with great scientific and clinical potential.

Extraction of mesiodens in high site is complicated. Here we introduce some technical skills to simply the process and achieve high success rate meanwhile.All patients should accept radiographic examination before surgery. According to the position of mesiodens based on cone-beam computed tomography, we choose the appropriate method and tool.A series of cases have proved that these skills are applicable and convenient.Dentists should analyze the inspection results seriously and select the optimal strategy to extract mesiodens in high site.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain cancer. Despite multimodal treatment including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, median patient survival has remained at ~15 months for decades. This situation demands an outside-the-box treatment approach. Using magnetic carbon nanotubes (mCNTs) and precision magnetic field control, we report a mechanical approach to treat chemoresistant GBM. We show that GBM cells internalize mCNTs, the mobilization of which by rotating magnetic field results in cell death. Spatiotemporally controlled mobilization of intratumorally delivered mCNTs suppresses GBM growth in vivo. Functionalization of mCNTs with anti-CD44 antibody, which recognizes GBM cell surface–enriched antigen CD44, increases mCNT recognition of cancer cells, prolongs mCNT enrichment within the tumor, and enhances therapeutic efficacy. Using mouse models of GBM with upfront or therapy-induced resistance to temozolomide, we show that mCNT treatment is effective in treating chemoresistant GBM. Together, we establish mCNT-based mechanical nanosurgery as a treatment option for GBM.

Low consumer-grade cameras attached to small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) can easily acquire high spatial resolution images, leading to convenient forest monitoring at small-scales for forest man...

Paper has been a popular material of choice for biomedical applications including for bioanalysis and cell biology studies. Regular cellulose paper-based devices, however, have several key limitations including slow fluid flow; large sample retention in the paper matrix for microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) application; serious solvent evaporation issues, and contamination and poor control of experimental conditions for cell culture. Here, we describe the development of two novel platforms, nanopaper-based analytical devices (nanoPADs) and nanofibrillated adherent cell-culture platforms (nanoFACEs), that use nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) paper, simply called nanopaper, as the substrate material to create transparent, pump-free and hollow-channel paper-based microfluidic devices. Due to the natural hydrophilicity and nanoscale pore size of nanopaper, the hollow-channel microfluidic devices can realize a totally pump-free flow without any complicated surface chemical functionalization on the nanopaper. Experimental results showed that within a certain range, larger hollow channel size leads to faster pump-free flows. Different from previous designs of paper-based hollow-channel microfluidic devices, the high transparency of the nanopaper substrate enabled the integration of various optical sensing and imaging technologies together with the nanoPADs and nanoFACEs. As proof-of-concept demonstrations, we demonstrated the use of nanoPADs for colorimetric sensing of glucose and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based detection of environmental pollutants and applied the nanoFACEs to the culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). These demonstrations show the great promise of nanoPADs and nanoFACEs for biomedical applications such as chemical/bioanalysis and cell biology studies.

Skin serves as a physical and hygroscopic barrier to protect the inner body, and also contains sensory receptors to perceive environmental and mechanical stimuli. To recapitulate these salient features, hydrogel-based artificial skins have been developed. However, existing designs are constrained by limited functionality, low stability, and requirement of external power. Herein, a novel artificial ionic skin (AIskin) – an analog of the diode based on controlled ion mobility – is demonstrated with high toughness, stretchability, ambient stability and transparency. The AIskin consists of a bilayer of oppositely-charged, double-network hydrogel, and converts mechanical stimuli and humidity into signals of resistance, capacitance, open-circuit voltage (OCV), and short-circuit current (SCC), among which the OCV- and SCC-based sensing signals are self-generated. Its multimodal sensation is maintained in a wide range of relative humidities (13–85%). It is demonstrated for wearable strain-humidity sensing, human–machine interaction and walking energy harvesting. This work will open new avenues toward next-generation, skin-inspired wearable electronics.

Fundamental motor skills (FMS) are the foundation for the development of advanced motor skills. To assess the effect of physical activity intervention on the promotion of FMS and explore the influencing factor of physical activity intervention on the development of FMS in preschool children. Trails with children aged 3-7yeas in kindergarten settings that applied physical activity intervention programs were included. We calculated the effects on overall FMS, locomotor skill and object control skill subscales (LMS and OCS) by weighted standardized mean differences using random-effects models. In this study, 23 trials involving 2258 preschoolers (aged 3.3-6.5years) were selected, including 7 high quality studies, 11 medium quality studies and 5 low quality studies. Analysis of the effects of physical activity intervention revealed significant differences among groups in favor of intervention group, FMS (SMD = 1.50, 95% CL [1.29, 1.71], I2 = 89.7%), locomotor skills (SMD = 1.56, 95% CL [1.38, 1.75], I2 = 59.2%), object control skills (SMD = 1.43, 95% CL [1.25, 1.61], I2 = 93.8%). Physical activity interventions can significantly improve FMS in healthy preschool aged children. However, we should be cautious due to the limited researches, low-quality evidence and immediate post-intervention effects without long-term follow-up.

The Martlets Society ( www.martlets-society.com ) is an independent non-profit organization found and run by young scholars. It aims to build a free and equal community for young scholars to build connections and have interdisciplinary exchanges. It currently holds talks and events with diverse topics to show young scholars the world of academia and beyond. It is also planning more events for the equality in education and academia.

Summary Skin-like electronics are developing rapidly to realize a variety of applications such as wearable sensing and soft robotics. Hydrogels, as soft biomaterials, have been studied intensively for skin-like electronic utilities due to their unique features such as softness, wetness, biocompatibility and ionic sensing capability. These features could potentially blur the gap between soft biological systems and hard artificial machines. However, the development of skin-like hydrogel devices is still in its infancy and faces challenges including limited functionality, low ambient stability, poor surface adhesion, and relatively high power consumption (as ionic sensors). This review aims to summarize current development of skin-inspired hydrogel devices to address these challenges. We first conduct an overview of hydrogels and existing strategies to increase their toughness and conductivity. Next, we describe current approaches to leverage hydrogel devices with advanced merits including anti-dehydration, anti-freezing, and adhesion. Thereafter, we highlight state-of-the-art skin-like hydrogel devices for applications including wearable electronics, soft robotics, and energy harvesting. Finally, we conclude and outline the future trends., Graphical abstract, Biodevices; Bioelectronics; Robotics; Biomaterials

Thinning and replanting are effective forest management measures to improve the stand structure and species composition of artificial forests. However, the effects of thinning and replanting on soil N

The status of the physical exercise of college students has been a popular topic in China. This study systematically reviewed the exercise status of Chinese college students and its influencing factors. A keyword and reference search were conducted in the Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane library, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Additionally, Google Scholar was searched to collect literatures related to physical activity of Chinese university students published in Chinese and English from 1 January 2017 to 30 July 2022. Fifteen studies met the selection criteria and were included in the review. The results show that the main motivation for Chinese college students to exercise is to strengthen their bodies, with running and walking ranking first and ball games ranking second in importance. Most of the college students exercised three times a week, which is the recommended minimum, and most of their workouts were of moderate intensity. Additionally, the workouts lasted for 30 min to 60 min. The main factors affecting college students’ exercise are lack of time due to academic pressure, facilities constraints, and lack of professional exercise guidance. In conclusion, the physical fitness of university students should not be underestimated, and this study provides additional reference to promote healthier lifestyles among Chinese college students.

Background Continuous long-term electrocardiography monitoring has been increasingly recognized for early diagnosis and management of different types of cardiovascular diseases. To find an alternative to Ag/AgCl gel electrodes that are improper for this application scenario, many efforts have been undertaken to develop novel flexible dry textile electrodes integrated into the everyday garments. With significant progresses made to address the potential issues (e.g., low signal-to-noise ratio, high skin–electrode impedance, motion artifact, and low durability), the lack of standard evaluation procedure hinders the further development of dry electrodes (mainly the design and optimization). Results A standard testing procedure and framework for skin–electrode impedance measurement is demonstrated for the development of novel dry textile electrodes. Different representative electrode materials have been screen-printed on textile substrates. To verify the performance of dry textile electrodes, impedance measurements are conducted on an agar skin model using a universal setup with consistent frequency and pressure. In addition, they are demonstrated for ECG signals acquisition, in comparison to those obtained using conventional gel electrodes. Conclusions Dry textile electrodes demonstrated similar impedance when in raised or flat structures. The tested pressure variations had an insignificant impact on electrode impedance. Looking at the effect of impedance on ECG signals, a noticeable effect on ECG signal performance metrics was not observed. Therefore, it is suggested that impedance alone is possibly not the primary indicator of signal quality. As well, the developed methods can also serve as useful guidelines for future textile dry-electrode design and testing for practical ECG monitoring applications.

Descending necrotizing mediastinitis is a serious complication of odontogenic infections. Incision and drainage of the maxillofacial infection with mediastinal drainage represent the principal management. However, chyle leakage after drainage in descending necrotizing mediastinitis is rare and has not been reported. Here the authors present a case of a 74-year-old man with chyle leakage after mediastinal drainage, which is successfully treated.

Naringin, a Chinese herbal medicine, has been demonstrated to concentration-dependently promote osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, it remains a challenge to load naringin on coatings for osteogenesis and further control the release kinetics. Here, we demonstrated that the release behavior of naringin on rutile nanorod films could be controlled by either mixing naringin with gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) before spinning onto the films or soaking the obtained GelMA-incorporated films with the naringin solution to achieve the distinct degradation-type release and diffusion-type release, respectively. We further revealed that the naringin-loaded coatings facilitated adhesion, proliferation and late differentiation, and mineralization of MSCs. Our findings provided a novel strategy to engineer the coatings with controlled release of naringin and emphasized the bioactivity of naringin for the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs.

Introduce Kuhn anemia as a complication during the inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB).Here, the authors reported a lesser-known complication called Kuhn anemia during the IANB. Then, the authors searched and reviewed relevant literature on the Web of Science.Vasospasm of the maxillary artery results in the phenomenon. Reasons, such as inaccurate injection, anatomical variation, drug diffusion, and so on, may account for the complication during the IANB.All in all, doctors should be prudent before and during the surgery.

Soft robotic grippers possess high structural compliance and adaptability for grasping objects with unknown and irregular shapes and sizes. To enable more dexterous manipulation, soft sensors with similar mechanical properties to common elastomer materials are desired to be integrated into soft grippers. In this paper, we develop ionic hydrogel-based strain and tactile sensors and integrate these sensors into a three-finger soft gripper for learning-based object recognition. Such hydrogel-based sensors have excellent conductivity, high stretchability and toughness, good ambient stability, and unique anti-freezing property, and can be readily attached to a soft gripper at desired locations for strain and tactile sensing. Based on a deep-learning model, we demonstrate the capability of the sensory soft gripper for object grasping and recognition at both room and freezing temperatures, and achieve high recognition accuracy close to 100% for 10 typical objects. With these abilities, our gripper can find interesting applications such as sorting food or chemicals in low temperature storage and cold chain transportation, or manipulating equipment in polar area.

Periosteum, a highly vascularized bilayer connective tissue membrane plays an indispensable role in the repair and regeneration of bone defects. It is involved in blood supply and delivery of progenitor cells and bioactive molecules in the defect area. However, sources of natural periosteum are limited, therefore, there is a need to develop tissue-engineered periosteum (TEP) mimicking the composition, structure, and function of natural periosteum. This review explores TEP construction strategies from the following perspectives: i) different materials for constructing TEP scaffolds; ii) mechanical properties and surface topography in TEP; iii) cell-based strategies for TEP construction; and iv) TEP combined with growth factors. In addition, current challenges and future perspectives for development of TEP are discussed.

Odontogenic foci are rarely linked with brain abscesses. The lack of an effective approach to match the causative origin with the infection can lead to late medical response of patients. Here we present a case of a 53-year-old man with brain abscesses that was probably caused by odontogenic foci. The imaging examinations clearly showed the periodontitis of mandibular left second molar and the destruction of greater sphenoid wing. Therefore, possible routes of extension through masticator space abscesses were indicated. For early infection of the maxillofacial space caused by potential odontogenic lesions, oral surgeons should eliminate the potentially odontogenic foci and use computerized tomography imaging to determine the existence of bone destruction around the oral cavity such as the skull to prevent further bone defect complications such as brain abscesses.

Background The operative environment poses many challenges to studying the relationship between surgical acts and patient outcomes in intracranial oncological neurosurgery. We sought to develop a framework in which neurosurgical performance and extent of resection could be precisely quantified in a controlled setting. Methods The stiffness of an alginate hydrogel-based tumor was modified with differing concentrations of the cross-linking agent calcium sulfate until biomechanical properties similar to those of human primary brain tumors measured at resection were achieved. The artificial tumor was subsequently incorporated into an ex-vivo animal brain as a final model. Magnetic resonance imaging enhancement and ultraviolet fluorescence was achieved by incorporating gadolinium and fluorescein solution, respectively. Video recordings from the operative microscope, ceiling cameras, and instrument-mounted fiducial markers within a surgical suite environment captured operative performance. Results A total of 24 rheometer measurements were conducted on alginate hydrogels containing 10-, 11-, and 12-mM concentrations of calcium sulfate. Sixty-eight stiffness measurements were conducted on eight patient tumor samples. No differences were found between the alginate and brain tumor stiffness values [Kruskal-Wallis χ2(4) = 9.187; P = 0.057]. Tumor was identified using ultraviolet fluorescence and ultrasonography. The volume and location of the resected white and gray matter and residual tumor could be quantified in 0.003-mm3 increments using a 7T magnetic resonance imaging coil. Ultrasonic aspirator and bipolar electrocautery movement data were successfully transformed into performance metrics. Conclusion The developed framework can offer clinicians, learners, and researchers the ability to perform operative rehearsal, teaching, and studies involving brain tumor surgery in a controlled laboratory environment and represents a crucial step in the understanding and training of expertise in neurosurgery.

Previous studies have suggested that the transforming growth factor- $$\upbeta $$ receptor ALK5 is crucial for articular chondrogenesis by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Here, the wild-type ALK5 plasmids were mutated by overlapping extended PCR and transfected into bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The knee joint osteoarthritis mouse model was constructed by cutting off the anterior cruciate ligament and divided into three groups: saline group, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and ALK5-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells group. HE staining showed that the articular cartilage lesions were more serious of saline group compared with that of mesenchymal stem cell group, and this trend was more pronounced as time goes on. Immunohistochemical staining showed that although the expression level of type II collagen in all three groups down-regulated gradually upon time, its expression in ALK5-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells group was significantly enhanced compared with the other two groups. Micro-CT also suggested that ALK5 transfection of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells would promote repairing the knee cartilage lesions with arthritis of the mice. Although the osteoarthritis mechanism underlying a variety of factors work together, and the appropriate proportion of ALK5/ALK1 was also emphasized for the treatment of osteoarthritis. This work therefore demonstrated that ALK5 transfection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells could be a promising stem cell therapy for repair of cartilage lesions.

We know of no universally accepted classification for intracapsular condylar fractures. We propose here a new classification based on the concept of a "disc-condyle" unit, and validate the classification based on outcomes of treatment. From 1 January 2010 - 31 December 2014, 55 patients with unilateral intracapsular condylar fractures were classified into three types: type A has no reduction in mandibular height or displacement of the disc (n=7); type B has displacement of the disc with no reduction in mandibular height (n=17); and type C has reduced mandibular height with or without displacement of the disc (n=31). We treated types B and C by open reduction and fixation, while type A fractures were managed non-surgically. At six month follow-up, we found no significant differences in the vertical height of the ramus, mandibular deviation, protrusion, or lateral protrusion between the fractured and healthy sides. All patients had normal occlusion postoperatively and only one patient (type C) reported pain. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography showed good osseous healing and disc-condylar relations in all cases. Our results show that this new classification of intracapsular condylar fractures is a safe and easy way to obtain satisfactory outcomes of treatment. However, it needs further independent validation.

High temperature promoted monoterpene emission from Cinnamomum camphora , and monoterpenes scavenged ROS and protected photosynthesis to improve thermotolerance in plants. High temperature impacts plant growth and development with a reduction in photosynthetic rate and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. To reveal the effects of monoterpene emissions on improving plant thermotolerance, the emissions of monoterpenes from Cinnamomum camphora under high-temperature stress and oxygenated monoterpenes under H2O2 stress were analyzed. ROS metabolism and photosynthetic abilities under high-temperature stress after monoterpene synthesis was blocked by fosmidomycin were also investigated. High temperature promoted the emission of monoterpenes as well as two oxygenated monoterpenes, eucalyptol and α-terpineol. In addition, seven new oxygenated monoterpenes occurred at 45 °C. Similar results were also found under H2O2 stress, suggesting that ROS induced by high temperature may oxidize monoterpenes to generate oxygenated forms. Fosmidomycin treatment caused an increase in ROS and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance content, even though antioxidant enzyme activities were also higher. However, no changes occurred in antioxidant carotenoids synthesized from the same precursors as monoterpenes, indicating that monoterpenes can serve as antioxidant agents in the cells. In addition, fosmidomycin caused a decline in photosynthesis under high temperature, due to the decrease of quantum yield and electron transport rate. Therefore, monoterpenes play an important role in plant thermotolerance by scavenging ROS and protecting photosystems.

This study evaluates the performance of drain device of a steam dryer in steam generator for PWR through experiments with water and air under ambient temperature and pressure. Two different test sections are designed and tested, one of which is equipped with a single drain pipe (test section I) and the other is equipped with double drain pipes (test section II). For the test section I, various slopes of bottom plate (3.5°–5°) and different numbers of water entrance holes (36–136) are investigated to study their effects on drainage performance of the drain device. For the test section II, only the influence of different entrance holes is studied. In experiments, flow fields in the drain device for different flow rates ranging form 13.8 m 3 /h to 165.7 m 3 /h are recorded using a video camera and the corresponding video images are processed by MATLAB to obtain the free liquid surface configuration. The experimental results show that the free liquid surface height of the test section I with single drain pipe is much bigger than that of the test section II with double drain pipes. In addition, the maximum free liquid surface height in the drain tank increases linearly with the increase of flow rate for both test sections while the number of entrance holes has no obvious effect on the maximum free liquid surface height. For the test section I, the bottom plate inclination influences the maximum free liquid surface height and 4° inclination meets the optimized value.