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The goal of this work was to develop a sensitive and accurate method based on high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) detection for determining the concentration of the Sinomenine derivative SWX in plasma and tissue of rat. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent SB-C18 (2.1*50 mm, 2.7 µm) column. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (solvent A) and 0.2 % formic acid in water (solvent B) with gradient elution as follows: 0-3 min, 50-90 % A, 3 min-3.01 min, 90-50 % A, 90 % A in 3.01 min-10 min. The flow rate was set to 0.3 mL/min. The column temperature was 40 °C, and the sample injection volume was 10 µL. The calibration curve had good linearity in the range of 10 ng/mL to 600 ng/mL. Biological samples were prepared by protein precipitation with acetonitrile. The area under the curve (AUC) and the peak drug concentration (C

Background: Lung cancer is by far the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and 85% of patients are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC is still very difficult to treat. Skp2 functions as an oncogene and participates in the processes of NSCLC. Here, we disclose a novel Skp2 inhibitor, which is firstly synthesized by our group based on our previous computer virtual screening and biomolecular interaction analysis (Biacore) technology screening. Methods: To unveil antitumor activity and underlying molecular mechanism of AAA-237, cell proliferation, migration and invasion assays, apoptosis, cell cycle, senescence, and xenograft mouse models were used.Results: AAA-237 inhibited the proliferation of NSCLC cells. AAA-237 regulated the process of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) by Skp2/Twist axis. Furthermore, AAA-237 induced arresting of cell cycle at G0/G1 phase by regulating the Skp2-Cip/Kip and PI3K/Akt-FOXO1 signaling pathways. More importantly, we found that treatment of high concentration AAA-237 could induce apoptosis of NSCLC cells via the mitochondrial pathway whereas treatment of low concentration AAA-237 for long-term could induce senescence of NSCLC cells by DNA damage. Senolytic drug quercetin could selectively eliminate senescent cells induced by AAA-237. In A549 xenograft nude mice model, AAA-237 dose-dependently inhibited the growth of tumor by inducing apoptosis and senescence.Conclusions: Taken together, we propose that AAA-237 is a promising therapeutic agent of NSCLC, especially when combined with senolytic drug.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a serious problem that directly hinders the effect of chemotherapeutics. In this study, we mainly explore the molecular mechanism of ROS-induced CD13 expression using hepatocarcinoma cells as the research object. We show that the drug of fluorouracil (5FU), epirubicin (EPI) and gemcitabine (GEM) can induce ROS generation, activate Ets2 and promote CD13 expression. Meanwhile, CD13 can activate NRF1 and up-regulate ROS scavenging genes transcription, such as SOD1, GPX1, GPX2 and GPX3, leading to down-regulation of intracellular ROS level and reducing the sensitivity of cells to chemotherapy agent. We also detected the anti-tumor effect of the combination therapy, CD13 inhibitor ubenimex and a variety of conventional anti-cancer drugs, such as 5FU, EPI, GEM, pemetrexed (Pem) and paclitaxel (PTX) were employed in combination. Ubenimex enhances the sensitivity of different chemotherapeutic agents and cooperates with chemotherapeutic agents to suppress tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. In general, overexpression of CD13 can lead to chemotherapy resistance, and CD13 inhibitor can reverse this effect. Combination of chemotherapy agent and ubenimex will become a potential treatment strategy for liver cancer resistance.

ETFE (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene) cushion integrated flexible photovoltaics (PV) is an extension of building integrated photovoltaics into membrane structures, which could be near zero-energy, sustainable and environmental-friendly buildings. This paper focused on a two-layer ETFE cushion integrated flexible photovoltaics with experimental study and theoretical analysis. Field experiments on a prototype were carried out to investigate temperature distribution and characteristics. It is found that temperature distribution was the result of solar irradiance, incident angle and surface curvature of ETFE cushion and that solar irradiance had an essential effect on temperature distribution. The theoretical thermal model was developed based on energy balance equation and the corresponding differential equation was solved by the Runge-Kutta method. Maximum temperature difference of 3.3 K between experimental and numerical results demonstrated that this thermal model could predict PV temperature appropriately. Furthermore, a modified equation to determine heat transfer coefficients was proposed and average heat transfer coefficients of PV and ETFE foil were 4.89 W/(m 2 K) and 4.39 W/(m 2 K). In general, this study could provide basic values and observations for investigating thermal performance of ETFE cushion integrated flexible photovoltaics.

This paper concerns energy performance of ETFE (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene) cushion roof integrated photovoltaic/thermal system (CIPV/T system). An experimental set-up composed of a three-layer ETFE cushion roof and amorphous silicon photovoltaic panels (a-Si PV) has been developed to investigate system energy performance. A series of tests from 10:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. were successfully carried out within ambient temperature of around 9 °C and 39 °C in December 2014 and August 2015, respectively. On the whole, experimental results show that this system operated smoothly and steadily. In this study, typical weather conditions ranging from low solar irradiance in winter to strong solar irradiance in summer were selected to investigate system energy performance, including solar energy utilization and structural parameters of ETFE cushion roof. Solar energy utilization could be evaluated by electricity and temperature which represent photovoltaic and thermal performance, respectively. It is found that average total and net electricity were 54.5 W h and 42.9 W h, indicating that this integration ensures the CIPVT system to be independent on external electricity. Meanwhile, measured air temperature inside ETFE cushion roof was 31.2–67.8 °C and it was 16.8–31.0 °C higher than ambient air temperature, showing an attractive potential in collecting thermal energy. Moreover, virtual system efficiency in terms of electricity and thermal energy was 25.5% based on average experimental results and an approximate method. This reasonable system efficiency is due to annealing effects of a-Si PV under high temperature conditions. For temperature distribution of ETFE cushion roof, temperatures on top-layer and bottom-layer ETFE foils were significantly lower than that on middle-layer ETFE foil, resulting in less temperature effects on structural behavior of ETFE cushion roof. This study could provide useful observations and explanations for evaluating energy performance of the CIPVT system concerning solar energy utilization.

A series of novel continuous inverse modes based on current element is proposed. The series of novel continuous inverse mode is extended by increasing the coefficient in the current equation of traditional inverse class F power amplifier (PA). The theoretical analysis shows that new current equation can provide a wide matching space for the design of broadband high efficiency PAs. To prove this theory, a wideband high efficiency PA is designed and fabricated. The experimental test results show that the drain efficiency is 65-78% in the 1.8-3G frequency range. The designed PA can obtain output power from 12.9 to 21 W and gain is from 10 to 13.3 dB in the interesting frequency range.

Temperature characteristics of amorphous silicon photovoltaic (a-Si PV) integrated in building roofs (e.g. the ETFE cushions) are indispensible for evaluating the thermal performances of a-Si PV and buildings. To investigate the temperature characteristics and temperature value, field experiments and numerical modeling were performed and compared in this paper. An experimental mock-up composed of a-Si PV and a three-layer ETFE cushion structure was constructed and experiments were carried out under four typical weather conditions (winter sunny, winter cloudy, summer sunny and summer cloudy). The measured solar irradiance and air temperature were used as the real weather conditions for the thermal model. On the other side, a theoretical thermal model was developed based on energy balance equation which was expressed as that absorbed energy was equal to converted energy and energy loss. The corresponding differential equation of PV temperature varying with weather conditions was solved by the Runge–Kutta method. The comparisons between the experimental and numerical results were focusing on the temperature characteristics and temperature value. For the temperature characteristics, good agreement was obtained by correlation analysis with the coefficients of 0.821–0.985, which validated the feasibility of the thermal model. For the temperature value, the temperature difference between the experimental and numerical results was only 0.9–4.6 K and the reasons could be the dramatical solar irradiance fluctuation and the varying parameters under cloudy conditions. This paper extends the investigation on temperature to the a-Si PV integrated in ETFE cushion roof. It could provide useful observations and explanations for evaluating the PV and building performances concerning the temperature.

Internet of vehicles(IOV) is an application of Internet of things in Intelligent Transport System, and has attracted high attention of researchers. IOV brings network connectivity to traditional vehicles, while also introduces security risks. This paper presents experimental analysis on the security of vehicles with Internet connections and propose an approach to Controlling a Car Through OBD Injection. In the experiments, we successfully penetrated several types of cars in a wireless way. We also put out a multi-level safety model of cars, which divides cars into different groups and gives analysis and explanations of each group. All of these things are done for indicating a point of view that traditional cars are not safe enough on information security. It is surely risky to put a car without the ability to resist the attack of informational ways into the Internet of vehicles.

A robot is a typical cyber-physical system whose behaviors are driven and controlled by software which are highly related with robot safety. In order to ensure the safety of robot behaviors, programmers need to embed safety logic into the programs in charge of behaviors. This paper proposes an AOP-based robot behaviors safety checking method to ensure robot behaviors safety at the programming level, which treats the safety constraints as a crosscutting concern to be automatically and transparently managed, thus enabling programmers to focus on the design of the robot behaviors themselves rather than safety. This paper considers two types of safety issues, stability and collision, and proposes corresponding algorithms for ensuring them at runtime. Experiments with real humanoid robots show that the method can effectively ensure the safety of robot behaviors with respect to the specified physical constraints.

The amorphous silicon photovoltaic (a-Si PV) cells are widely used for electricity generation from solar energy. When the a-Si PV cells are integrated into building roofs, such as ETFE (ethylene–tetrafouoroethylene) cushions, the temperature characteristics are indispensible for evaluating the thermal performances of a-Si PV and its constructions. This temperature value is directly dependent on the solar irradiance, wind velocity, ambient temperature and installation form. This paper concerns the field experiments and numerical modeling on the temperature characteristics and temperature value of the a-Si PV integrated in a double-layer ETFE cushion structure. To this end, an experimental model composed of two a-Si PV cells and a double-layer ETFE cushion was developed, and the corresponding experiments were carried out under two typical weather conditions (summer sunny and summer cloudy). The theoretical thermal model was developed based on an energy balance equation taking the short wave radiation, long wave radiation, convection and generated power into account. The measured solar irradiance and air temperature were used as real weather conditions for the thermal model. The corresponding differential equation of the a-Si PV temperature varying with the solar irradiance and air temperature was solved by a newly developed program based on the numerical method. The measured results show that the influence of solar irradiance on the temperature is much more significant than the other parameters, and the maximum temperature variation under sunny conditions is greater than that under cloudy conditions. The comparative study between the experimental and numerical results shows the correct predictions of the a-Si PV temperature under the sunny and cloudy conditions. The maximum difference is 3.9 °C with the acceptable reasons of the solar irradiance fluctuation and the PV thermal response time. These findings will provide useful observations and explanations for evaluating the PV and building performances in relation to temperature.