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Abstract Background Hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte and platelet (HALP) score is derived from the counts of hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocytes, and platelets. It serves as a valuable tool for assessing both inflammation and nutritional status in critically ill patients. However, there hasn’t been a specific study exploring the role of the HALP score in critically ill patients. Additionally, whether the HALP score exhibits an incremental effect on the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score remains unknown. Methods In this study, we used the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV) version 2.2 database to evaluate the predictive value of HALP score for critically ill patients. The primary outcome investigated was intensive care unit (ICU) death, and the secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality, ICU length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS, and 28-day mortality. Results We analyzed 20,083 critically ill patients. In logistic regression, a low HALP score (HALP score

The application of point cloud registration technology for workpiece positioning compensation using optical three-dimensional measurement methods has attracted widespread attention in the manufacturing industry, particularly point cloud registration methods integrated with deep learning are booming. Since the training of current deep learning registration methods is often based on public datasets, the performance of point cloud registration of guide vanes depends on the relevance, quality, and quantity of the training dataset, if the training is directly based on the current public dataset used for guide vanes, the accuracy of the registration criteria cannot meet the requirements. Additionally, in real industrial scenarios, manually obtaining the real dataset is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and error-prone. To address these issues, this paper proposes a virtual simulation method based on the CAD model of the workpiece to set up a virtual camera so that a large number of near-real datasets can be generated quickly. The method can simulate the incomplete vane point cloud obtained by real shooting due to self-occlusion by setting multi-angle virtual cameras on the hemispherical surface wrapped in the CAD model. The experimental results show that the combination of the deep learning registration method and the virtual dataset method in this paper can improve the accuracy, efficiency, and stability of the deep learning registration for workpiece positioning compensation, which has a good prospect for practical application.

Abstract. With the aging of the global population, older people living with HIV (OPLWH) have emerged as a focal point in HIV/AIDS research. Although antiretroviral therapy has demonstrated positive effects in OPLWH, concerns persist regarding overall poor immune reconstitution and elevated rates of age-related comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, bone disease, and cognitive impairment. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms underlying immunosenescence and the interaction of immunosenescence with HIV infection, further exploring its role in the pathogenesis of HIV infection during aging. Aging-induced involution of the immune system, along with chronic inflammation and infection, can induce immunosenescence, leading to immune dysfunction that impairs the effective control of HIV infection. In addition, HIV infection induces immunosenescence through persistent inflammation and immune activation, even under treatment. The combined effects of aging and HIV infection accelerate the progression of immunosenescence in OPLWH, increasing their susceptibility to multiple age-related diseases. The unfavorable prognosis observed among OPLWH is largely attributed to increased levels of immunosenescence. A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between immunosenescence and HIV infection is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic strategies for this vulnerable population.

Abstract Objectives To investigate the feasibility and safety of Transvaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (V-NOTES) panhysterectomy. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 75 patients who underwent panhysterectomy for hysteromyoma in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Tongxiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital; Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC from June 2019 to June 2020. According to the operation mode, the patients were divided into two groups: the traditional multi-port laparoscopic surgery (MPLS) group (n = 45) and the Transvaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (V-NOTES) group (n = 30). The operation duration, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative exsufflation time, postoperative activity time, hospital stay, treatment cost, 6 h activities of daily living (ADL) score after the operation, cosmetic score, visual analog score, and complications were observed in the two groups. Results Perioperative period related indicators: Compared with the MPLS group, the total treatment cost and cosmetic score of the V-NOTES group were significantly better than those of the MPLS group, but the operation duration was longer, and the HB decreased more significantly (P 0.05). Postoperative pain: The VAS score 1 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h after the operation was lower in the V-NOTES group than in the MPLS group (P

ABSTRACT. Background:. T-cell-mediated immunity is crucial for the effective clearance of viral infection, but the T-cell-mediated immune responses that are induced by booster doses of inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) remain unclear. Methods:. Forty-five PLWH who had received antiretroviral therapy (ART) for more than two years and 29 healthy controls (HCs) at Beijing Youan Hospital were enrolled to assess the dynamic changes in T-cell responses between the day before the third vaccine dose (week 0) and 4 or 12 weeks (week 4 or week 12) after receiving the third dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot), and multiplex cytokines profiling were used to assess T-cell responses at the three timepoints in this study. Results:. The results of the ELISpot and activation-induced marker (AIM) assays showed that SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses were increased in both PLWH and HCs after the third dose of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, and a similar magnitude of immune response was induced against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant compared to the wild-type strain. In detail, spike-specific T-cell responses (measured by the ELISpot assay for interferon γ [IFN-γ] release) in both PLWH and HCs significantly increased in week 4, and the spike-specific T-cell responses in HCs were significantly stronger than those in PLWH 4 weeks after the third vaccination. In the AIM assay, spike-specific CD4+ T-cell responses peaked in both PLWH and HCs in week 12. Additionally, significantly higher spike-specific CD8+ T-cell responses were induced in PLWH than in HCs in week 12. In PLWH, the release of the cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and IL-22 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) that were stimulated with spike peptides increased in week 12. In addition, the levels of IL-4 and IL-5 were higher in PLWH than in HCs in week 12. Interestingly, the magnitude of SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses in PLWH was negatively associated with the extent of CD8+ T-cell activation and exhaustion. In addition, positive correlations were observed between the magnitude of spike-specific T-cell responses (determined by measuring IFN-γ release by ELISpot) and the amounts of IL-4, IL-5, IL-2 and IL-17F. Conclusions:. Our findings suggested that SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses could be enhanced by the booster dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines and further illustrate the importance of additional vaccination for PLWH.

Abstract Background Ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic form of regulated cell death, plays a critical role in the suppression of various tumor types, including ovarian cancer. Artesunate (ART), a derivative of artemisinin, exhibits extensive antitumor effects and is associated with ferroptosis. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms through which ART induces ferroptosis to inhibit ovarian cancer. Methods RNA sequencing was conducted to identify differentially expressed genes associated with ART-induced ferroptosis. Dual-luciferase reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays were performed to confirm the interaction between Homeobox C11 (HOXC11) and the Prominin 2 (PROM2) promoter. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays, flow cytometry, and wound healing assays were used to analyze the antitumor effects of ART. Western blot, biochemical assays and transmission electron microscope were utilized to further characterize ART-induced ferroptosis. In vivo, the effects of ART on ferroptosis were examined using a xenograft mouse model. Results RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the HOXC11, PROM2 and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/ Protein Kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathways were downregulated by ART. HOXC11 was found to regulate PROM2 expression by binding to its promoter directly. HOXC11 overexpression reversed ART-induced effects on ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis and ferroptosis by activating the PROM2/PI3K/AKT signaling axis. Conversely, silencing PROM2 in HOXC11-overexpressing cells restored ART-induced ferroptosis and its associated antitumor effects by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway. Consistently, in vivo studies using a xenograft mouse model confirmed that ART-induced tumor inhibition was mediated by ferroptosis through the suppression of the HOXC11/PROM2/PI3K/AKT pathway. Conclusion This study identifies the HOXC11/PROM2/PI3K/AKT axis as a novel regulatory mechanism underlying ART-induced ferroptosis in ovarian cancer. Targeting the HOXC11/PROM2 axis may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for enhancing ferroptosis, offering new insights for the treatment of ovarian cancer.

Abstract. Background:. Ainuovirine (ANV) is a new generation of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection. This study aimed to evaluate the population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) profile and exposure–response relationship of ANV among people living with HIV. Methods:. Plasma concentration-time data from phase 1 and phase 3 clinical trials of ANV were pooled for developing the PopPK model. Exposure estimates obtained from the final model were used in exposure–response analysis for virologic responses and safety responses. Results:. ANV exhibited a nonlinear pharmacokinetic profile, which was best described by a two-compartment model with first-order elimination. There were no significant covariates correlated to the pharmacokinetic parameters of ANV. The PopPK parameter estimate (relative standard error [%]) for clearance adjusted for bioavailability (CL/F) was 6.46 (15.00) L/h, and the clearance of ANV increased after multiple doses. The exposure–response model revealed no significant correlation between the virologic response (HIV-RNA

Biosafety hazards can trigger a host immune response after infection, invasion, or contact with the host. Whether infection with a microorganism results in disease or biosafety concerns depends to a large extent on the immune status of the population. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the immunological characteristics of the host and the mechanisms of biological threats and agents to protect the host more effectively. Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, such as the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, have raised concerns regarding both biosafety and immunology worldwide. Interdisciplinary studies involved in biosafety and immunology are relevant in many fields, including the development of vaccines and other immune interventions such as monoclonal antibodies and T-cells, herd immunity (or population-level barrier immunity), immunopathology, and multispecies immunity, i.e., animals and even plants. Meanwhile, advances in immunological science and technology are occurring rapidly, resulting in important research achievements that may contribute to the recognition of emerging biosafety hazards, as well as early warning, prevention, and defense systems. This review provides an overview of the interdisciplinary field of biosafety and immunology. Close collaboration and innovative application of immunology in the field of biosafety is becoming essential for human health.

Summary: Compared to air pollution, the Coal to Electricity (CtE) policy's impacts on the power system are less discussed. As China transitions to carbon neutrality, unstable wind, and photovoltaic (PV) units exacerbate power dispatching challenges amid increased heating loads. We simulate the electric heating and cooking loads in the ''2 + 26'' cities and integrate them into a provincial power dispatch model to assess CtE’s influence. CtE shows a slight CO2 reduction compared to heating with coal, potentially cutting emissions by up to two-thirds in high renewable energy scenarios. However, electricity prices fluctuate more in such scenarios, possibly increasing heating bills. CtE loads could increase the loss of load possibility in some provinces, especially with temperature drops and renewable capacity expansions. Overall, CtE places significant stress on the power system due to its additional loads and load fluctuations, requiring extra measures to ensure system adequacy amidst high wind and solar installations.

Summary: Faced with energy transition objectives, the ten countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have technology options to decarbonize power sector. This study investigates the hypothetical decarbonization pathways for ASEAN’s power sector. Here, we present an integrated power system capacity expansion model for ASEAN over 2018–2050. The results identify different pathways by strategically pursuing renewable energy, carbon capture and sequestration, and cross-border transmission. Transmission, while accounting for a marginal share in total cost (up to 0.5%), can reduce cumulative system costs by 11.9% and help achieve net-zero emissions. Across scenarios, generation infrastructure will require a cumulative investment equivalent to 29.6%–44.6% of ASEAN’s 2018 GDP (Gross Domestic Product). The investment requirements for the expansion plan, however, are unevenly distributed across countries, especially with the ambition to achieve a carbon-neutral power sector. Country-specific investments in decarbonization are a consideration for the region.

Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) co-infection presents a significant public health challenge worldwide. Comprehensive assessment of the immune response in HIV/Mtb co-infection is complex and challenging. CD8+T cells play a pivotal role in the adaptive immune response to both HIV and Mtb. The differentiation of CD8+T cells follow a hierarchical pattern, with varying degrees of exhaustion throughout the process. Memory stem T cells (TSCM cells) is at the apex of the memory T lymphocyte system, which has recently emerged as a promising target in immunotherapy. In this context, we discuss the alterations of CD8+TSCM cells in HIV/Mtb mono- and co-infection, their implications and clinical significance, and potential for improving immunotherapy.

In the context of the 1.5 °C warming target, there is a growing awareness of the increasingly frequent carbon flows between subregions. However, understanding the characteristics and pathways of cross-scale carbon flows between subregions and regions remains elusive and impedes achieving emission reduction targets. This study employs a nested multi-regional input–output model and the structural path analysis method, establishing the characteristics of the carbon emission transfer network within global supply chains and discerning the crucial structural pathways and nodes for carbon emissions. The study found that (1) in 36 major countries, the embodied carbon flows are predominantly influenced by the developed countries around China in Asia and the Pacific. (2) In 30 subregions, coastal subregions with large-scale foreign trade and energy-intensive subregions in China's central and western parts contribute significantly to the larger embodied carbon outflow due to exports. (3) “Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products (S09) → construction (S19)” and “manufacture and processing of metals (S10) → construction (S19)” are the two key pathways of paramount significance of embodied carbon emissions. (4) “R25 South Korea” has the highest number of key pathways and the greatest embodied carbon emissions from critical paths, followed by “R27 India” and “R22 United States.” These findings offer valuable insights for the development of regional emission reduction policies.

Abstract Background Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) emerges as a grave complication of tuberculosis in people living with HIV (PLWH). The diagnosis and treatment of TBM pose significant challenges, leading to elevated mortality rates. To comprehensively grasp the epidemiological landscape of TBM in PLWH, a systematic review and meta-analysis were meticulously undertaken. Methods We performed a comprehensive search in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from database inception to September 19th, 2023, with no limitations on the publication type. The search terms were HIV/AIDS terms (AIDS OR HIV OR PLWH) and TBM-related terms (tuberculous meningitis OR TBM). Studies included in this meta-analysis evaluated the incidence of TBM among PLWH, or we were able to calculate the incidence of TBM among PLWH from the research. Results The analysis revealed that the prevalence of TBM among PLWH was 13.6% (95% CI: 6.6–25.9%), with an incidence rate of 1.5 cases per 1000 persons per year. The case fatality rate was found to be 38.1% (95% CI: 24.3–54.1%). No significant publication bias was observed. Meta-regression analysis identified the proportion of females and finance situation as factors influencing the outcomes. Conclusions Our study highlights TBM as a prevalent opportunistic infection that targets the central nervous system in PLWH. The elevated case fatality rate is especially prominent among PLWH in impoverished regions, underscores the pressing necessity for enhanced management strategies for PLWH suffering from TBM. Trial registration PROSPERO; No: CRD42022338586.

Abstract GeTe is a promising p-type material with increasingly enhanced thermoelectric properties reported in recent years, demonstrating its superiority for mid-temperature applications. In this work, the thermoelectric performance of GeTe is improved by a facile composite approach. We find that incorporating a small amount of boron particles into the Bi-doped GeTe leads to significant enhancement in power factor and simultaneous reduction in thermal conductivity, through which the synergistic modulation of electrical and thermal transport properties is realized. The thermal mismatch between the boron particles and the matrix induces high-density dislocations that effectively scatter the mid-frequency phonons, accounting for a minimum lattice thermal conductivity of 0.43 Wm−1K−1 at 613 K. Furthermore, the presence of boron/GeTe interfaces modifies the interfacial potential barriers, resulting in increased Seebeck coefficient and hence enhanced power factor (25.4 μWcm−1K−2 at 300 K). Consequently, we obtain a maximum figure of merit Z max of 4.0 × 10−3 K−1 at 613 K in the GeTe-based composites, which is the record-high value in GeTe-based thermoelectric materials and also superior to most of thermoelectric systems for mid-temperature applications. This work provides an effective way to further enhance the performance of GeTe-based thermoelectrics.

Abstract Recapitulating the natural extracellular physical microenvironment has emerged as a promising method for tissue regeneration, as multiple physical interventions, including ultrasound, thermal and electrical therapy, have shown great potential. However, simultaneous coupling of multiple physical cues to highly bio-mimick natural characteristics for improved tissue regeneration still remains formidable. Coupling of intrinsic electrical and mechanical cues has been regarded as an effective way to modulate tissue repair. Nevertheless, precise and convenient manipulation on coupling of mechano-electrical signals within extracellular environment to facilitate tissue regeneration remains challengeable. Herein, a photothermal-sensitive piezoelectric membrane was designed for simultaneous integration of electrical and mechanical signals in response to NIR irradiation. The high-performance mechano-electrical coupling under NIR exposure synergistically triggered the promotion of osteogenic differentiation of stem cells and enhances bone defect regeneration by increasing cellular mechanical sensing, attachment, spreading and cytoskeleton remodeling. This study highlights the coupling of mechanical signals and electrical cues for modulation of osteogenesis, and sheds light on alternative bone tissue engineering therapies with multiple integrated physical cues for tissue repair. Graphical Abstract

Abstract The paradigm of lunar crust formation has been widely applied to other terrestrial bodies, but the nature of early crust building on the Moon remains enigmatic. Here we report non-Apollo-like highland clasts from the Chang’e-5 mission and find high-alumina melts enclosed in a noritic anorthosite. Geochemistry and phase equilibria modeling suggest that the melt is compositionally parental to lunar magnesian-suite rocks, and was sourced from a plagioclase-bearing, orthopyroxene-dominated upper mantle ( ~ 4.5 kbar and 1225°C). It was formed as a direct consequence of upper mantle melting at the onset of gravitational instability. We propose a continuous early crust formation on the Moon, started from multiple anorthositic cumulate flotations, to upper mantle melting caused by small-scale, in-situ overturn, and eventually ended up by decompression melting of lower mantle cumulates following large-scale, global overturn.

Abstract Purpose This pilot study aimed to investigate the effects of REX exoskeleton rehabilitation robot training on the balance and lower limb function in patients with sub-acute stroke. Methods This was a pilot, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Twenty-four patients with sub-acute stroke (with the course of disease ranging from 3 weeks to 3 months) were randomized into two groups, including a robot group and a control group. Patients in control group received upright bed rehabilitation (n = 12) and those in robot group received exoskeleton rehabilitation robot training (n = 12). The frequency of training in both groups was once a day (60 min each) for 5 days a week for a total of 4 weeks. Besides, the two groups were evaluated before, 2 weeks after and 4 weeks after the intervention, respectively. The primary assessment index was the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), whereas the secondary assessment indexes included the Fugl-Meyer Lower Extremity Motor Function Scale (FMA-LE), the Posture Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (PASS), the Activities of Daily Living Scale (Modified Barthel Index, MBI), the Tecnobody Balance Tester, and lower extremity muscle surface electromyography (sEMG). Results The robot group showed significant improvements (P

Abstract Background Early diagnosis of HIV infection decreases the time from HIV diagnosis to viral suppression and reduces further HIV transmission. The Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of HIV/AIDS (2021 edition) state that an HIV RNA level > 5,000 copies/mL is the threshold for diagnosing HIV infection. The impact of low viral load values on HIV diagnosis needs to be investigated. Methods There were 3455 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV1 + 2) antibody results (immunoblotting method) and 65,129 HIV viral load values at Beijing Youan Hospital from 2019 to 2022. A total of 2434 patients had both antibody confirmatory results and viral load results. The confirmatory antibody results and HIV viral load results of 2434 patients were analyzed to investigate the impact of low viral load values on HIV diagnosis. Results Of the 2434 patients who had both confirmatory antibody results and viral load results, the viral load values of 140 patients (5.8%) had viral loads ranging from 40 copies/mL to 5,000 copies/mL before positive confirmatory antibody result, and of these 140 patients, the sample receipt time for the viral load tests of 96 (66.7%) individuals was 1 to 6 days earlier than the corresponding sample receipt time for the confirmatory antibody test. In addition, 34 patients (1.4%) had low viral loads ranging from 40 copies/mL to 1,000 copies/mL before positive confirmatory antibody result. Conclusion This study revealed that there is a risk of missed diagnosis if a threshold of 5000 copies/mL is used for the diagnosis of HIV infection. These data provide valuable information for the early diagnosis of HIV infection, and our findings have potential benefits for decreasing HIV transmission.

The high morbidity and mortality rate of individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) coinfected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a tough challenge for current global tuberculosis prevention and control efforts. HIV/MTB coinfection is more complex than a single infection, and the interaction between the two diseases aggravates the deterioration caused by the disease, resulting in increased hospitalizations and deaths. Rapid screening and early diagnosis facilitate the timely initiation of anti-tuberculosis treatment in HIV/MTB coinfected individuals, thereby reducing transmission and the incidence of adverse prognoses. To date, pathogenic detection has remained the gold standard for diagnosing tuberculosis, but its sensitivity and specificity are greatly affected by the body's immune status, which limits its application in the diagnosis of HIV/MTB coinfection. Recently, immunology and molecular detection technology has developed rapidly. New detection technologies, such as interferon-γ release assays, interferon-gamma inducible protein 10, and GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay have overcome the limitations of traditional detection methods, significantly improved the sensitivity and specificity of tuberculosis diagnosis, and brought new hope to the detection of HIV/MTB coinfection. In this article, the principle, scope of application, and latest research progress of relevant detection methods are reviewed to provide a reference for the early diagnosis of HIV/MTB coinfection.

Uranium metal and alloys can be easily oxidized by the O-containing species such as O2 and H2O, etc. in atmosphere. Furthermore, the existence of H2 may also accelerates the oxidation of uranium metal. To prevent the corrosion of these materials, many techniques, such as alloying, coating, surface recrystallization, surface modification, etc. were developed to prevent this material from oxidation. In the surface modification processes, such as ion implantation, plasma nitriding and pulsed laser nitriding, UNx(U2N3+x or UN) layers are always formed on the metal surfaces to prevent the contact of the metal surfaces with the surrounding atmospheres. Thus the compatibilities of the as-prepared UNx layers with the surrounding atmospheres, especially O2, H2O and H2 molecules there, can play important role on the corrosion resistance of the modified layers, and thus are important topics in the nuclear industry. Here the compatibilities of UNx with O2, H2O and H2 molecules are reviewed, respectively. From the previous results, it seems that the as-prepared UNx, neither U2N3+x nor UN layers can directly prevent the diffusion of O2 into the solid phase. Instead, the surface of the modified layers can be easily oxidized to form UO2 or UO2Nx layers. For a UNx layer in which x is smaller than 1, it can be oxidized to a final product of UO2. However, under environmental temperature, for a layer in which x is no less than 1, only a thin layer(about several tens of nm) of UO2 can be formed on the layer surface. Moreover, a gradient layer in which the O content gradually decreases while the N content gradually increases from the surface to the deeper layer may effectively prevent the continuous diffusion of O into the substrate, and thus the modified layer presents excellent anticorrosion property against O2. However, the modified layers can not effectively prevent the diffusion of O2 under high temperature. For the hydrolysis process, the surface UO2 layers may restrain the hydrolysis of UNx under environmental temperature. However, the hydrolysis process of UNx can be effectively accelerated under high temperature, and the gaseous products during hydrolysis vary greatly with temperature and more research are needed on this topic. A very interesting phenomena during both the oxidation and hydrolysis processes is that N-rich layers can be always found under the oxide layers after oxidation or hydrolysis, and more research is needed to uncover the mechanism of this phenomena. For the compatibility of UNx with H2, it’s concluded that H2 has little effect on the layers. However, When there are defects in the layers, H2 can easily diffuses to the interface of the modified layers and the substrates and destroy the integrity of the layers. Thus, the uniformity and integrality of the modified layers are very important for the long-term storage of uranium metal.

Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are well-known prebiotics that have the potential to improve sow reproductive performance and increase piglet growth. However, previous studies were observed in sole FOS-supplemented diets of sows or weaned piglets and did not consider the sow-to-piglet transfer effect on the performance and diarrhea rate of weaned piglets. This study explores the effects of dietary FOS supplementation on the reproductive performance of sows, and the effects of FOS supplementation at different stages on the growth performance and diarrhea rate of weaned piglets. A split-plot experimental design was used with sow diet effect in the whole plot and differing piglet diet effect in the subplot. Fifty-two multiparous sows (223.24 ± 14.77 kg) were randomly divided into 2 groups (0 or 0.2% FOS). The experiment lasted from day 85 of gestation to day 21 of lactation. Reproductive performance, glucose tolerance, placental angiogenesis, and intestinal flora of sows were assessed. At weaning, 192 weaned piglets were grouped in 2 × 2 factorial designs, with the main effects of FOS supplemental level of sow diet (0 and 0.2%), and FOS supplemental level of weaned piglet diet (0 and 0.2%), respectively. The growth performance and diarrhea rate of the weaned piglets were analyzed during a 28-d experiment. Maternal dietary supplementation of FOS was shown to reduce the stillbirth and invalid piglet rates (P

Abstract. Background:. Total human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA and integrated HIV DNA are widely used markers of HIV persistence. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) can be used for absolute quantification without needing a standard curve. Here, we developed duplex ddPCR assays to detect and quantify total HIV DNA and integrated HIV DNA. Methods:. The limit of detection, dynamic ranges, sensitivity, and reproducibility were evaluated by plasmid constructs containing both the HIV long terminal repeat (LTR) and human CD3 gene (for total HIV DNA) and ACH-2 cells (for integrated HIV DNA). Forty-two cases on stable suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) were assayed in total HIV DNA and integrated HIV DNA. Correlation coefficient analysis was performed on the data related to DNA copies and cluster of differentiation 4 positive (CD4+) T-cell counts, CD8+ T-cell counts and CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio, respectively. The assay linear dynamic range and lower limit of detection (LLOD) were also assessed. Results:. The assay could detect the presence of HIV-1 copies 100% at concentrations of 6.3 copies/reaction, and the estimated LLOD of the ddPCR assay was 4.4 HIV DNA copies/reaction (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 3.6–6.5 copies/reaction) with linearity over a 5-log10-unit range in total HIV DNA assay. For the integrated HIV DNA assay, the LLOD was 8.0 copies/reaction (95% CI: 5.8–16.6 copies/reaction) with linearity over a 3-log10-unit range. Total HIV DNA in CD4+ T cells was positively associated with integrated HIV DNA (r = 0.76, P

Over the past two decades, (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 (KNN)-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics have made significant progress. However, attaining a high electrostrain with remarkable temperature stability and minimal hysteresis under low electric fields has remained a significant challenge. To address this long-standing issue, we have employed a collaborative approach that combines defect engineering, phase engineering, and relaxation engineering. The LKNNS-6BZH ceramic, when sintered at Tsint = 1170 ℃, demonstrates an impressive electrostrain with a d33∗ value of 0.276% and 1379 pm·V–1 under 20 kV·cm–1, which is comparable to or even surpasses that of other lead-free and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramics. Importantly, the electrostrain performance of this ceramic remains stable up to a temperature of 125 ℃, with the lowest hysteresis observed at 9.73% under 40 kV·cm–1. These excellent overall performances are attributed to the presence of defect dipoles involving VA′–VO∙∙ and BNb′–VO∙∙, the coexistence of R–O–T multiphase, and the tuning of the trade-off between long-range ordering and local heterogeneity. This work provides a lead-free alternative for piezoelectric actuators and a paradigm for designing piezoelectric materials with outstanding comprehensive performance under low electric fields.

Three-dimensional point cloud recognition is a very fundamental work in fields such as autonomous driving and face recognition. However, in real industrial scenarios, input point cloud data are often accompanied by factors such as occlusion, rotation, and noise. These factors make it challenging to apply existing point cloud classification algorithms in real industrial scenarios. Currently, most studies enhance model robustness from the perspective of neural network structure. However, researchers have found that simply adjusting the neural network structure has proven insufficient in addressing the decline in accuracy caused by data corruption. In this article, we use local feature descriptors as a preprocessing method to extract features from point cloud data and propose a new neural network architecture aligned with these local features, effectively enhancing performance even in extreme cases of data corruption. In addition, we conducted data augmentation to the 10 intentionally selected categories in ModelNet40. Finally, we conducted multiple experiments, including testing the robustness of the model to occlusion and coordinate transformation and then comparing the model with existing SOTA models. Furthermore, in actual scene experiments, we used depth cameras to capture objects and input the obtained data into the established model. The experimental results show that our model outperforms existing popular algorithms when dealing with corrupted point cloud data. Even when the input point cloud data are affected by occlusion or coordinate transformation, our proposed model can maintain high accuracy. This suggests that our method can alleviate the problem of decreased model accuracy caused by the aforementioned factors.

Introduction Approximately, 50% of stroke survivors experience impaired walking ability 6 months after conventional rehabilitation and standard care. However, compared with upper limb motor function, research on lower limbs rehabilitation through non-invasive neuromodulation like repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has received less attention. Limited evidence exists regarding the effectiveness of intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS), an optimised rTMS modality, on lower limbs rehabilitation after stroke. This study aims to evaluate the effects of iTBS on gait, balance and lower limbs motor function in stroke recovery while also exploring the underlying neural mechanisms using longitudinal analysis of multimodal neuroimaging data.Methods and analysis In this double-blinded randomised controlled trial, a total of 46 patients who had a stroke will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either 15 sessions of leg motor area iTBS consisting of 600 pulses or sham stimulation over the course of 3 weeks. Additionally, conventional rehabilitation therapy will be administered following the (sham) iTBS intervention. The primary outcome measure will be the 10 m walking test. Secondary outcomes include the Fugl-Meyer assessment of the lower extremity, Timed Up and Go Test, Functional Ambulation Category Scale, Berg Balance Scale, modified Barthel Index, Mini-Mental State Examination, montreal cognitive assessment, tecnobody balance assessment encompassing both static and dynamic stability evaluations, surface electromyography recording muscle activation of the lower limbs, three-dimensional gait analysis focusing on temporal and spatial parameters as well as ground reaction force measurements, corticomotor excitability tests including resting motor threshold, motor evoked potential and recruitment curves and multimodal functional MRI scanning. Outcome measures will be collected prior to and after the intervention period with follow-up at 3 weeks.Ethics and dissemination The study has received approval from the Medical Research Ethics Committee of Wuxi Mental Health Center/Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital (no. WXMHCCIRB2023LLky078). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences.Trial registration number ChiCTR2300077431.

Abstract Magnetic nanofluid possesses the characteristic of interfering with the propagation of the magnetic field, endowing it with the sensing property in motion. However, the residual adhesion of magnetic nanofluid as it flows over solid surfaces remains an open question. Liquid marbles allow for quantities of liquids to be encapsulated by hydrophobic particles, ensuring a unique nonstick property for utilization in different applications. In this study, being capsuled by hydrophobic nano‐/microscale powders, a magnetic nanofluid‐based liquid marble (MNLM) with well mechanical stability has been fabricated. A magnetic nanofluid posture detector (MNPD), which consists of an MNLM, a magnetic tube, and coils, has been assembled that can convert mechanical energy to electricity as it freely rolls on the solid surface. Gesture recognition can be achieved when combining five MNPDs with fingers. The fabricated MNPD possesses a good signal recognition capability, which can separately distinguish the bending of each finger. Moreover, a variety of language hand gestures with specific meanings (digits, letters, “OK,” and “I Love You”) can be further recognized through corresponding combinations. The potential of MNPD in the realm of gesture recognition will offer a novel avenue for flexible wearables.

Abstract Robotic fingers with multidirectional tactile perception are of great importance for the robotic exploration of complex unknown space, especially in environments in which visualization is not possible. Unfortunately, most existing tactile sensors for robotic fingers cannot detect multidirectional forces, which greatly limits their potential for further development in navigating complex environments. Here, we demonstrate a soft magnetoelectric finger (SMF) that can achieve self-generated-signal and multidirectional tactile sensing. The SMF is composed of two parts: a ‘finger’ covered with a skin-like flexible sheath containing five liquid metal (LM) coils and a ‘phalangeal bone’ containing a magnet. Due to the changes in magnetic flux through the LM coils caused by external forces, diverse induced voltages are generated and collected in real-time, which can be explained by Maxwell’s numerical simulation. By the analysis of the signals generated by the five LM coils, the SMF can detect forces in varied directions and distinguish 6 different common objects with varied Young’s moduli with an accuracy of 97.46%. These capabilities make the SMF suitable for complex unknown space exploration tasks, as proved by the black box exploration. The SMF can enable the development of self-generated-signal and multidirectional tactile perception for future robots.

Abstract Monitoring the position of orthopedic implants in vivo is paramount for enhancing postoperative rehabilitation. Traditional radiographic methods, although effective, pose inconveniences to patients in terms of specialized equipment requirements and delays in rehabilitation adjustment. Here, a nonradiographic design concept for real‐time and precisely monitoring the position of in vivo orthopedic implants is presented. The monitoring system encompasses an external magnetic field, a three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed superparamagnetic intervertebral body fusion cage (SIBFC), and a magnetometer. The SIBFC with a polyetheretherketone framework and a superparamagnetic Fe3O4 component was integrally fabricated by the high‐temperature selective laser sintering technology. Owing to the superparamagnetic component, the minor migration of SIBFC within the spine would cause the distribution change of the magnetic induction intensities, which can be monitored in real‐time by the magnetometer no matter in the static states or dynamic bending motions. Besides horizontal migration, occurrences of intervertebral subsidence in the vertical plane of the vertebrae can also be effectively distinguished based on the obtained characteristic variations of magnetic induction intensities. This strategy exemplifies the potential of superparamagnetic Fe3O4 particles in equipping 3D‐printed orthopedic implants with wireless monitoring capabilities, holding promise for aiding patients' rehabilitation.

The operational trajectory of a skilled operator holds significant guiding implications for the motion control of unmanned excavators. This study collects and analyzes the operational trajectories of experienced operators under specific working conditions, acquires standardized data, and proposes fluctuation judgment data in terms of joint motion speed and angle values at specific stages. Utilizing standardized data, a motion control trajectory is generated and combined with the Lagrange function and MPC algorithm to achieve decoupling of the four composite motions of excavators. Simulation verification and experimental comparison are conducted using the MPC algorithm. By adopting MPC motion control without altering the structure, hydraulic system, or electrical system of the experimental object, operating efficiency reaches 108.1% compared to that of skilled operators while significantly reducing fluctuations in operation trajectory. The average reduction in relative standard deviation and maximum fluctuation value, by 29.3% and 3.14deg/s respectively, signifies enhancements in velocity stability and position stability of over 36.2% and 12.85deg respectively, thereby presenting a novel approach for controlling work devices on unmanned excavators.

Abstract. Background:. T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif domains (TIGIT), an inhibitory receptor expressed on T cells, plays a dysfunctional role in antiviral infection and antitumor activity. However, it is unknown whether TIGIT expression on T cells influences the immunological effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inactivated vaccines. Methods:. Forty-five people living with HIV (PLWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for more than two years and 31 healthy controls (HCs), all received a third dose of a SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine, were enrolled in this study. The amounts, activation, proportion of cell subsets, and magnitude of the SARS-CoV-2-specific immune response of TIGIT+CD4+ and TIGIT+CD8+ T cells were investigated before the third dose but 6 months after the second vaccine dose (0W), 4 weeks (4W) and 12 weeks (12W) after the third dose. Results:. Compared to that in HCs, the frequency of TIGIT+ CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood of PLWH increased at 12W after the third dose of the inactivated vaccine, and the immune activation of TIGIT+CD8+ T cells also increased. A decrease in the ratio of both T naïve (TN) and central memory (TCM) cells among TIGIT+CD8+ T cells and an increase in the ratio of the effector memory (TEM) subpopulation were observed at 12W in PLWH. Interestingly, particularly at 12W, a higher proportion of TIGIT+CD8+ T cells expressing CD137 and CD69 simultaneously was observed in HCs than in PLWH based on the activation-induced marker assay. Compared with 0W, SARS-CoV-2-specific TIGIT+CD8+ T-cell responses in PLWH were not enhanced at 12W but were enhanced in HCs. Additionally, at all time points, the SARS-CoV-2-specific responses of TIGIT+CD8+ T cells in PLWH were significantly weaker than those of TIGIT-CD8+ T cells. However, in HCs, the difference in the SARS-CoV-2-specific responses induced between TIGIT+CD8+ T cells and TIGIT-CD8+ T cells was insignificant at 4W and 12W, except at 0W. Conclusions:. TIGIT expression on CD8+ T cells may hinder the T-cell immune response to a booster dose of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, suggesting weakened resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in PLWH. Furthermore, TIGIT may be used as a potential target to increase the production of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of vaccination.

Abstract. Background:. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine can induce a potent cellular and humoral immune response to protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, it was unknown whether SARS-CoV-2 vaccination can induce effective natural killer (NK) cell response in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) and healthy individuals. Methods:. Forty-seven PLWH and thirty healthy controls (HCs) inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine were enrolled from Beijing Youan Hospital in this study. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine on NK cell frequency, phenotype, and function in PLWH and HCs was evaluated by flow cytometry, and the response of NK cells to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Spike (SARS-2-OS) protein stimulation was also evaluated. Results:. SARS-CoV-2 vaccine inoculation elicited activation and degranulation of NK cells in PLWH, which peaked at 2 weeks and then decreased to a minimum at 12 weeks after the third dose of vaccine. However, in vitro stimulation of the corresponding peripheral blood monocular cells from PLWH with SARS-2-OS protein did not upregulate the expression of the aforementioned markers. Additionally, the frequencies of NK cells expressing the activation markers CD25 and CD69 in PLWH were significantly lower than those in HCs at 0, 4 and 12 weeks, but the percentage of CD16+ NK cells in PLWH was significantly higher than that in HCs at 2, 4 and 12 weeks after the third dose of vaccine. Interestingly, the frequency of CD16+ NK cells was significantly negatively correlated with the proportion of CD107a+ NK cells in PLWH at each time point after the third dose. Similarly, this phenomenon was also observed in HCs at 0, 2, and 4 weeks after the third dose. Finally, regardless of whether NK cells were stimulated with SARS-2-OS or not, we did not observe any differences in the expression of NK cell degranulation markers between PLWH and HCs. Conclusion:. s:SARS-CoV-2 vaccine elicited activation and degranulation of NK cells, indicating that the inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine enhances NK cell immune response.

In recent years, the enthusiasm for deep space missions has remained unabated, resulting in continuous advancements in the research field of space environment and particles. Many instruments carried on these missions have conducted detection of pickup ions (PUIs) in the solar system. For those instruments, simulation is an effective means and a crucial step for their performance optimization and future operation in-orbit. It holds great significance for the instrument’s in-orbit performance assessment, science operation optimization, and detection efficiency enhancement. In this paper, the traditional probability model and the Vasyliunas and Siscoe (V–S) model are used to generate the PUIs, which are the input for the simulation of the PUI detector. For further analysis, the numerical results of the simulation are processed to calculate the instrument’s geometric factor, mass resolution, and count rates. Then, two sets of experiments are carried out for the comparison of the traditional probability model and the V–S model. The results show that, for the simulation of the instrument in the design stage, the simulation results of the traditional probability model and the V–S model are not much different. However, for the simulation of the instrument performance in-orbit, the PUI data generated based on the V–S model gave a better result than those of the traditional probability model. This conclusion is of great significance for evaluating the detection ability of the PUI detector in future deep space explorations.

Abstract Mg3(Sb,Bi)2 is a promising thermoelectric material suited for electronic cooling, but there is still room to optimize its low-temperature performance. This work realizes >200% enhancement in room-temperature zT by incorporating metallic inclusions (Nb or Ta) into the Mg3(Sb,Bi)2-based matrix. The electrical conductivity is boosted in the range of 300–450 K, whereas the corresponding Seebeck coefficients remain unchanged, leading to an exceptionally high room-temperature power factor >30 μW cm−1 K−2; such an unusual effect originates mainly from the modified interfacial barriers. The reduced interfacial barriers are conducive to carrier transport at low and high temperatures. Furthermore, benefiting from the reduced lattice thermal conductivity, a record-high average zT > 1.5 and a maximum zT of 2.04 at 798 K are achieved, resulting in a high thermoelectric conversion efficiency of 15%. This work demonstrates an efficient nanocomposite strategy to enhance the wide-temperature-range thermoelectric performance of n-type Mg3(Sb,Bi)2, broadening their potential for practical applications.

Abstract. Over the past few years, the human virome and its complex interactions with microbial communities and the immune system have gained recognition as a crucial factor in human health. Individuals with compromised immune function encounter distinctive challenges due to their heightened vulnerability to a diverse range of infectious diseases. This review aims to comprehensively explore and analyze the growing evidence regarding the role of the virome in immunocompromised disease status. By surveying the latest literature, we present a detailed overview of virome alterations observed in various immunodeficiency conditions. We then delve into the influence and mechanisms of these virome changes on the pathogenesis of specific diseases in immunocompromised individuals. Furthermore, this review explores the clinical relevance of virome studies in the context of immunodeficiency, highlighting the potential diagnostic and therapeutic gains from a better understanding of virome contributions to disease manifestations.

Abstract. Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) can reduce the viral load in the plasma to undetectable levels in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals, ART alone cannot completely eliminate HIV due to its integration into the host cell genome to form viral reservoirs. To achieve a functional cure for HIV infection, numerous preclinical and clinical studies are underway to develop innovative immunotherapies to eliminate HIV reservoirs in the absence of ART. Early studies have tested adoptive T-cell therapies in HIV-infected individuals, but their effectiveness was limited. In recent years, with the technological progress and great success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy in the treatment of hematological malignancies, CAR therapy has gradually shown its advantages in the field of HIV infection. Many studies have identified a variety of HIV-specific CAR structures and types of cytolytic effector cells. Therefore, CAR therapy may be beneficial for enhancing HIV immunity, achieving HIV control, and eliminating HIV reservoirs, gradually becoming a promising strategy for achieving a functional HIV cure. In this review, we provide an overview of the design of anti-HIV CAR proteins, the cell types of anti-HIV CAR (including CAR T cells, CAR natural killer cells, and CAR-encoding hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells), the clinical application of CAR therapy in HIV infection, and the prospects and challenges in anti-HIV CAR therapy for maintaining viral suppression and eliminating HIV reservoirs.

Abstract Background Human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1) is the leading cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS remains a global public health concern but can be effectively suppressed by life-long administration of combination antiretroviral therapy. Early detection and diagnosis are two key strategies for the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS. Rapid and accurate point-of-care testing (POCT) provides critical tools for managing HIV-1 epidemic in high-risk areas and populations. Methods In this study, a POCT for HIV-1 RNA was developed by CRISPR-Cas13a lateral flow strip combined with reverse transcriptase recombinase-aided amplification (RT-RAA) technology, the results can be directly observed by naked eyes. Results Moreover, with the degenerate base-binding CRISPR-Cas13a system was introduced into the RT-RAA primer designing, the technology developed in this study can be used to test majority of HIV-1 RNA with limit of detection (LOD) 1 copy/μL, while no obvious cross-reaction with other pathogens. We evaluated this method for detecting HIV-1 RNA of clinical samples, the results showed that the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy were 91.81% (85.03- 96.19%), 100% (92.60–100%), 100% (96.41–100%), 39.14% (25.59–54.60%) and 92.22% (86.89–95.88%), respectively. The lowest viral load detectable by this method was 112copies/mL. Conclusion Above all, this method provides a point-of-care detection of HIV-1 RNA, which is stable, simple and with good sensitivity and specificity. This method has potential to be developed for promoting early diagnosis and treatment effect monitoring of HIV patients in clinical.

Abstract Despite the proven virological advantages, there remains some controversy regarding whether first-line integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) contributes to reducing mortality of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in clinical practice. Here we report a retrospective study comparing all-cause mortality among PLHIV in China who were on different initial ART regimens (nevirapine, efavirenz, dolutegravir, lopinavir, and others [including darunavir, raltegravie, elvitegravir and rilpivirine]) between 2017 and 2019. A total of 41,018 individuals were included across China, representing 21.3% of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases collectively in the country during this period. Only the differences in all-cause mortality of PLHIV between the efavirenz group and the nevirapine group, the dolutegravir group and the nevirapine group, and the lopinavir group and the nevirapine group, were observed in China. After stratifying the cause of mortality, we found that the differences in mortality between initial ART regimens were mainly observed in AIDS-related mortality.

Abstract With various potential health-promoting bioactivities, genistein has great prospects in treatment of a series of complex diseases and metabolic syndromes such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, menopausal symptoms and so on. However, poor solubility and unsatisfactory bioavailability seriously limits its clinical application and market development. To optimize the solubility and bioavailability of genistein, the cocrystal of genistein and piperazine was prepared by grinding assisted with solvent based on the concept of cocrystal engineering. Using a series of analytical techniques including single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, the cocrystal was characterized and confirmed. Then, structure analysis on the basis of theoretical calculation and a series of evaluation on the stability, dissolution and bioavailability were carried out. The results indicated that the cocrystal of genistein and piperazine improved the solubility and bioavailability of genistein. Compared with the previous studies on the cocrystal of genistein, this is a systematic and comprehensive investigation from the aspects of preparation, characterization, structural analysis, stability, solubility and bioavailability evaluation. As a simple, efficient and green approach, cocrystal engineering can pave a new path to optimize the pharmaceutical properties of natural products for successful drug formulation and delivery. Graphical Abstract

The control precision of the working device has always been a challenging aspect in unmanned excavator research due to the adoption of a triangular drive mode and a complex hydraulic system in the working mechanism. The article focuses on the research of autonomous control for the downward motion of a robotic arm in an unmanned excavator equipped with a regeneration valve. The study aims to achieve precise tracking of fast movement trajectories during operator manipulation, utilizing Model Predictive Control (MPC). Furthermore, the exceptional disturbance rejection capability of the MPC algorithm is demonstrated through interference application. A comprehensive model considering mechanical, hydraulic, and electrical factors is established for the excavator boom. The MPC algorithm is applied to achieve precise control over the boom descent process, providing a foundation for motion control in unmanned excavators. This article presents a theoretical analysis to elucidate the robustness principle of MPC in the descent control of uncertain dynamic arms. By incorporating real parameters, we successfully track predetermined planned paths at different speeds and validate them on a 20-ton hydraulic excavator. The results demonstrate that the MPC control algorithm accurately manipulates the boom descent motion while exhibiting excellent disturbance rejection performance. Compared to PID control algorithms, MPC offers wider target adaptability range and better disturbance rejection performance, making it suitable for rapid application in controlling working devices of unmanned excavators.

Summary: With the increasing electrification of road transport in China, there is a need to put eyes on the disposal of retired batteries. Reusing the retired batteries for rural electrification presents great promise, but this possibility has not been comprehensively investigated. We study how to contribute to sustainable development goals and carbon neutrality in China by establishing a battery-reusing system in rural residential sector from 2021 to 2060. Our results show that, before 2060, the accumulated rural residential installations of distributed solar photovoltaics with reused batteries can reach 364.2∼403.0 GW. The avoided annual CO2 emissions range from 505.9 to 536.4 million tons, and the total recovered lithium and cobalt from retired batteries will be no less than 88.8% and 60.0% of their respective 2021 global mining volumes. The system is believed to introduce changes to subsidy-driven policy to promote sustainable development by transitioning to one that is market based. Science for society: With increasing electrification of road transport in China, there will be rapid growth in the volume of retired electric vehicle batteries. However, effective systems of collection, recycling, and reuse of retired batteries are lacking. Meanwhile, the removal of subsidies on distributed solar photovoltaics (DSPVs) will slow down its deployment in China’s rural residential sectors. We study how to contribute to sustainable development goals and carbon neutrality in China by establishing a battery-reusing system through matching retired batteries to the deployment of DSPV in rural residential sector from 2021 to 2060. Results show that, before 2060, the accumulated rural residential installations of DSPV with reused batteries can reach 364.2∼403.0 GW, and the avoided annual CO2 emissions range from 505.9 to 536.4 million tons. The solution can be an important lever for China to decarbonize and potentially contributes to multiple sustainable development goals.

Abstract In order to study the temperature distribution in a multi-functional oven and optimize the structural parameters of the oven, the internal temperature uniformity was improved. The test was conducted and the numerical simulation was conducted in two ways. The distribution of temperature field in each layer of ovens was measured in real time using a 13-point distributed thermocouple, and the oven temperature uniformity index was measured and analyzed. The temperature field inside the oven was numerically simulated using computational fluid dynamics. Investigated the heat conduction, convection and radiation effects respectively, and found out the main heat transfer mode of the oven. Further through the test of temperature measurement, verify the accuracy of the numerical simulation method. According to the results of the experiment and simulation, the reason of the uneven temperature field in the original structure of the oven was revealed and analyzed. By changing the structure of the oven tailgate, adjusting the air volume distribution, changing the distribution of the air outlet and other measures, greatly improving the uniformity of the temperature field inside the oven.

Abstract Background In 2003, China implemented free antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with HIV (PLHIV), establishing an eligibility threshold of CD4 50 (+ 7.8%, IRR = 1.078, 95% CI: 1.000–1.161; P = 0.046), heterosexual transmission (+ 12.4%, IRR = 1.124, 95% CI: 1.042–1.213; P = 0.002) and Southwestern China (+ 12.9%, IRR = 1.129, 95% CI: 1.055–1.208; P

Abstract Fluorine (F) and chlorine (Cl) are important volatiles in olivine and its high-pressure polymorphs, which would significantly affect olivine phase transition, melting temperature, and physical property of the mantle. F and Cl concentrations in olivine can be detected by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). However, the analytical accuracy and precision can be impeded by severe peak overlaps, low peak intensities of traditional analytical crystals, and secondary fluorescence effects. In this study, we constructed an optimized analytical method with high accuracy and precision to analyze trace F and Cl in olivine. Key parameters of analytical crystals, beam conditions, peak overlaps, and secondary fluorescence effects were discussed. Variations in the levels of the analyzed trace elements fall within ± 10%. The detection limits (3σ) for F and Cl are lowered to 30 ppm and 5 ppm, respectively. This method can provide precise F and Cl analysis for natural olivine samples and help to provide significant information on its formation process.

Abstract Orbital observations of non-mare, highly silicic volcanic constructs on the Moon challenge the conventional view of the formation of silicic crusts in the presence of water and plate tectonics—the former the Moon has in very short supply and the latter it likely never ever had. Revealing the silica-rich magma origin may reshape our understanding of early planetary crust formation. However, the cause of lunar silicic magmatism remains enigmatic. Here we conduct phase equilibrium simulations for potential lunar igneous lithologies that demonstrate that the compositions of silicic volcanic constructs can be produced by partial melting of KREEP (potassium, rare earth elements, and phosphorus) basalts. Either internal radiogenic heating or external impact bombardment can provide the heat needed for KREEP basalt melting. Combined with silica-rich materials identified on other rocky planets, we suggest that highly evolved crusts might be more prevalent in the early solar system than anticipated as they can originate from crustal remelting in the absence of water and plate tectonics.

Background: Previous studies have found that inhibitory priming with continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) can enhance the effect of subsequent excitatory conditioning stimuli with intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) in the upper limbs. However, whether this combined stimulation approach elicits a comparable compensatory response in the lower extremities remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate how cTBS preconditioning modulated the effect of iTBS on motor cortex excitability related to the lower limb in healthy individuals. Methods: Using a randomised cross-over design, a total of 25 healthy participants (19 females, mean age = 24.80 yr) were recruited to undergo three different TBS protocols (cTBS + iTBS, sham cTBS + iTBS, sham cTBS + sham iTBS) in a random order. Each TBS intervention was administered with one-week intervals. cTBS and iTBS were administered at an intensity of 80% active motor threshold (AMT) delivering a total of 600 pulses. Before intervention (T0), immediately following intervention (T1), and 20 min after intervention (T2), the corticomotor excitability was measured for the tibialis anterior muscle of participants’ non-dominant leg using a Magneuro100 stimulator and matched double-cone coil. The average amplitude of the motor-evoked potential (MEP) induced by applying 20 consecutive monopulse stimuli at an intensity of 130% resting motor threshold (RMT) was collected and analysed. Results: Compare with T0 time, the MEP amplitude (raw and normalised) at T1 and T2 showed a statistically significant increase following the cTBS + iTBS protocol (p < 0.01), but no significant differences were observed in amplitude changes following other protocols (sham cTBS + iTBS and sham cTBS + sham iTBS) (p > 0.05). Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was found among the three protocols at any given time point (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Preconditioning the lower extremity motor cortex with cTBS prior to iTBS intervention can promptly enhance its excitability in healthy participants. This effect persists for a minimum duration of 20 min. Clinical Trial Registration: No: ChiCTR2300069315. Registered 13 March, 2023, https://www.chictr.org.cn.

Background: Hypochloremia and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) play important roles in congestive heart failure (CHF) pathophysiology, and they were associated with the prognosis of CHF. However, the prognostic value of chloride combined with RDW in patients with CHF remains unknown. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed critically ill patients with CHF. The database was derived from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV v2.0 (MIMIC-IV-v2.0) database. Results: In the final analysis, 5376 critically ill patients with CHF were included, and 2428 patients (45.2 %) experienced 5-year mortality. The restricted cubic spline model revealed a positive correlation between RDW and 5-year mortality, whereas chloride showed a U-shaped correlation with 5-year mortality. The median values of RDW and chloride were used to classify patients into four groups: high chloride/low RDW, low chloride/low RDW, high chloride/high RDW, and low chloride/high RDW. We observed the prognostic value of RDW combined with chloride in the Cox proportional hazard model, in predicting 5-year mortality, in-hospital mortality and 1-year mortality. Furthermore, we discovered that patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) had a higher 5-year mortality risk than patients without CKD. Conclusion: We found the translational potential role of chloride combined with RDW in prioritizing patients at high risk for short- and long-term mortality in a cohort of critically ill patients with CHF. Prospective multicenter investigations are warranted to validate our results.