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This study investigates the tensile and impact property of TRIP (transformation-induced plasticity)-aided steel with different retained austenite (RA) stability at different temperatures. The RA stability of experimental steels processed by hot rolling-coiling at 450 °C, short tempering and long duration tempering followed the sequence: un-temper (C450)

Abstract The application of multimodal deep learning for emergency response and recovery, specifically in disaster social media analysis, is of utmost importance. It is worth noting that in real-world scenarios, sudden disaster events may differ from the training data, which may require the multimodal network to predict them as unknown classes instead of misclassifying them to known ones. Previous studies have primarily focused on model accuracy in a closed environment and may not be able to directly detect unknown classes. Thus, we propose a novel multimodal model for categorizing social media related to disasters in an open-world environment. Our methodology entails utilizing pre-trained unimodal models as encoders for each modality and performing information fusion with a cross-attention module to obtain the joint representation. For open-world detection, we use a multitask classifier that encompasses both a closed-world and an open-world classifier. The closed-world classifier is trained on the original data to classify known classes, whereas the open-world classifier is used to determine whether the input belongs to a known class. Furthermore, we propose a sample generation strategy that models the distribution of unknown samples using known data, which allows the open-world classifier to identify unknown samples. Our experiments were conducted on two public datasets, namely CrisisMMD and MHII. According to the experimental results, the proposed method outperforms other baselines and approaches in crisis information classification.

Abstract Background Gliomas are the most common malignant brain tumors characterized by angiogenesis and invasive growth. A detailed understanding of its molecular characteristics could provide potential therapeutic targets. In the present study, we sought to explore the key gene CXCL8 in methionine metabolism in gliomas and its potential role in angiogenesis. Methods U251 glioma cells were divided into control and methionine-restriction tolerant (constructed with 1/4 of the standard level of methionine in the culture medium) groups for transcriptome and metabolome analysis. To confirm the functions and mechanism of CXCL8 in glioma, heat map, volcano map, Go enrichment, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), protein–protein interaction network analysis, RT-PCR, western blotting assays, chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) test, chicken embryo yolk sac membrane (YSM) test and transplantation tumor nude mice model were performed. The TCGA database, CGGA database and clinical tissue samples were used to analyze CXCL8’s significance on prognosis for patients with glioma. Results CXCL8 expression was significantly up-regulated in methionine-restricted tolerance cells, it also activated vascular system development and triggered angiogenesis. CXCL8 expression is negatively correlated with survival prognosis in gliomas. Conclusions Glioma cells promote angiogenesis in methionine-restricted environments through the activation of CXCL8, compensating for nutrient deprivation, and possibly contributing to the failure of antiangiogenic therapy.

Abstract Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) with lymph node (LN) metastasis is linked to poor prognosis, yet the underlying mechanisms remain largely undefined. This study aimed to elucidate the immunogenomic landscape associated with LN metastasis in LUAD. Methods We employed broad-panel next-generation sequencing (NGS) on a cohort of 257 surgically treated LUAD patients to delineate the molecular landscape of primary tumors and identify actionable driver-gene alterations. Additionally, we used multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) on a propensity score-matched cohort, which enabled us to profile the immune microenvironment of primary tumors in detail while preserving cellular metaclusters, interactions, and neighborhood functional units. By integrating data from NGS and mIHC, we successfully identified spatial immunogenomic patterns and developed a predictive model for LN metastasis, which was subsequently validated independently. Results Our analysis revealed distinct immunogenomic alteration patterns associated with LN metastasis stages. Specifically, we observed increased mutation frequencies in genes such as PIK3CG and ATM in LN metastatic primary tumors. Moreover, LN positive primary tumors exhibited a higher presence of macrophage and regulatory T cell metaclusters, along with their enriched neighborhood units (p

Lactic acid bacteria have the ability to reduce sodium selenite to selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). To obtain SeNPs in a more environmentally friendly way, this study first explored the effects of selenium concentration in the medium, selenium addition time and cultivating duration on the synthesis of SeNPs by Lactobacillus acidophilus, followed by a study of the particle size, zeta potential and antibacterial activity of the SeNPs produced. The results showed that when the selenium content in the medium was 0~600 μg/mL, the higher the selenium concentration was, the more nano-selenium was obtained. When the selenium concentration in the medium was higher than 600 μg/mL, the content of SeNPs in the fermentation broth decreased. The addition of sodium selenite in the early logarithmic stage of bacterial growth was more conducive to the synthesis of SeNPs. After 32 h of culture, SeNPs were almost no longer synthesized. The analysis using scanning electron microscopy and particle size and zeta potential analyzer revealed that the SeNPs produced by L.acidophilus were spherical in shape. Ultrasound treatment contributed to their release. The SeNPs carried a negative charge, with an absolute potential value of 40~50 mV, and their particle size predominantly ranged from 170~210 nm, exhibiting good stability. The results of antibacterial experiments showed that the SeNPs produced by L.acidophilus had inhibitory effects on the growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. In conclusion, L.acidophilus can transform sodium selenite into SeNPs, which have good antibacterial activity.

Abstract Drug-induced gene expression profiles can identify potential mechanisms of toxicity. We focus on obtaining signatures for cardiotoxicity of FDA-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in human induced-pluripotent-stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes, using bulk transcriptomic profiles. We use singular value decomposition to identify drug-selective patterns across cell lines obtained from multiple healthy human subjects. Cellular pathways affected by cardiotoxic TKIs include energy metabolism, contractile, and extracellular matrix dynamics. Projecting these pathways to published single cell expression profiles indicates that TKI responses can be evoked in both cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. Integration of transcriptomic outlier analysis with whole genomic sequencing of our six cell lines enables us to correctly reidentify a genomic variant causally linked to anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity and predict genomic variants potentially associated with TKI-induced cardiotoxicity. We conclude that mRNA expression profiles when integrated with publicly available genomic, pathway, and single cell transcriptomic datasets, provide multiscale signatures for cardiotoxicity that could be used for drug development and patient stratification.

Abstract Accurate calculation of short‐circuit electromagnetic force is crucial for both mechanical strength check and the optimal design of gas‐insulated transmission lines (GIL). Since the full 3D numerical simulation method is highly time‐consuming, a novel lightweight 2D multi‐slice electromagnetic field‐circuit coupled method for computing transient electromagnetic force is proposed, where appropriate port voltage degrees of freedom (DoFs) are introduced for the solid GIL conductor terminals. When the transient magnetic field equations are combined with the constraint equations of circuit part, including nodal voltage and loop current DoFs, a direct field‐circuit coupling scheme is thus derived. The proposed method can simultaneously consider the effect of interphase‐shunts and ground wires, as well as the skin effect and proximity effect. It can accurately capture the transient electromagnetic characteristics of GIL spanning from several to tens of kilometers under different short‐circuit conditions. The transient electromagnetic forces, as well as the induced voltages and currents of the enclosure, are analysed by the proposed method for both single‐phase and three‐phase enclosed GIL under various short‐circuit conditions. The proposed method has the advantages of high accuracy and lightweight computational cost, and thus it is also suitable for conducting important simulation tasks such as mechanical strength checks during the design optimisation phase of long‐distance GIL.

Abstract Background Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) is a Gram-positive zoonotic pathogen that frequently leads to illness and death in young horses (foals). This study presents the complete genome sequence of R. equi strain BJ13, which was isolated from a thoroughbred racehorse breeding farm in Beijing, China. Results The BJ13 genome has a length of 5.30 Mb and consists of a complete chromosome and a plasmid measuring 5.22 Mb and 0.08 Mb, respectively. We predicted 4,929 coding gene open reading frames, along with 52 tRNAs and 12 rRNAs. Through analysis of mobile genetic elements, we identified 6 gene islands and 1 prophage gene. Pathogenic system analysis predicted the presence of 418 virulence factors and 225 drug resistance genes. Secretion system analysis revealed the prediction of 297 secreted proteins and 1,106 transmembrane proteins. BJ13 exhibits genomic features, virulence-associated genes, potential drug resistance, and a virulence plasmid structure that may contribute to the evolution of its pathogenicity. Lastly, the pathogenicity of the isolated strain was assessed through animal experiments, which resulted in inflammatory reactions or damage in the lungs, liver, and spleen of mice. Moreover, by the 7th day post-infection, the mortality rate of the mice reached 50.0%, indicating complex immune regulatory mechanisms, including overexpression of IL-10 and increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α. These findings validate the strong pathogenicity of the isolated strain and provide insights for studying the pathogenic mechanisms of Rhodococcus equi infection. Conclusions The complete genome sequence of R. equi strain BJ13 provides valuable insights into its genomic characteristics, virulence potential, drug resistance, and secretion systems. The strong pathogenicity observed in animal experiments underscores the need for further investigation into the pathogenic mechanisms of R. equi infection.

Abstract Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have demonstrated impressive capabilities in various tasks and attracted increasing interest as a natural language interface across many domains. Recently, large vision-language models (VLMs) that learn rich vision–language correlation from image–text pairs, like BLIP-2 and GPT-4, have been intensively investigated. However, despite these developments, the application of LLMs and VLMs in image quality assessment (IQA), particularly in medical imaging, remains unexplored. This is valuable for objective performance evaluation and potential supplement or even replacement of radiologists’ opinions. To this end, this study introduces IQAGPT, an innovative computed tomography (CT) IQA system that integrates image-quality captioning VLM with ChatGPT to generate quality scores and textual reports. First, a CT-IQA dataset comprising 1,000 CT slices with diverse quality levels is professionally annotated and compiled for training and evaluation. To better leverage the capabilities of LLMs, the annotated quality scores are converted into semantically rich text descriptions using a prompt template. Second, the image-quality captioning VLM is fine-tuned on the CT-IQA dataset to generate quality descriptions. The captioning model fuses image and text features through cross-modal attention. Third, based on the quality descriptions, users verbally request ChatGPT to rate image-quality scores or produce radiological quality reports. Results demonstrate the feasibility of assessing image quality using LLMs. The proposed IQAGPT outperformed GPT-4 and CLIP-IQA, as well as multitask classification and regression models that solely rely on images.

Abstract Background TBK1 positively regulates the growth factor-mediated mTOR signaling pathway by phosphorylating mTOR. However, it remains unclear how the TBK1-mTOR signaling pathway is regulated. Considering that STING not only interacts with TBK1 but also with MARCH1, we speculated that MARCH1 might regulate the mTOR signaling pathway by targeting TBK1. The aim of this study was to determine whether MARCH1 regulates the mTOR signaling pathway by targeting TBK1. Methods The co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay was used to verify the interaction between MARCH1 with STING or TBK1. The ubiquitination of STING or TBK1 was analyzed using denatured co-immunoprecipitation. The level of proteins detected in the co-immunoprecipitation or denatured co-immunoprecipitation samples were determined by Western blotting. Stable knocked-down cells were constructed by infecting lentivirus bearing the related shRNA sequences. Scratch wound healing and clonogenic cell survival assays were used to detect the migration and proliferation of breast cancer cells. Results We showed that MARCH1 played an important role in growth factor-induced the TBK1- mTOR signaling pathway. MARCH1 overexpression attenuated the growth factor-induced activation of mTOR signaling pathway, whereas its deficiency resulted in the opposite effect. Mechanistically, MARCH1 interacted with and promoted the K63-linked ubiquitination of TBK1. This ubiquitination of TBK1 then attenuated its interaction with mTOR, thereby inhibiting the growth factor-induced mTOR signaling pathway. Importantly, faster proliferation induced by MARCH1 deficiency was weakened by mTOR, STING, or TBK1 inhibition. Conclusion MARCH1 suppressed growth factors mediated the mTOR signaling pathway by targeting the STING-TBK1-mTOR axis.

Abstract Diabetes retinopathy (DR) is a critical clinical disease with that causes irreversible visual damage in adults, and may even lead to permanent blindness in serious cases. Early identification and treatment of DR is critical. Our aim was to train and externally validate a prediction nomogram for early prediction of DR. 2381 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were retrospective study from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University in Xinjiang, China, hospitalised between Jan 1, 2019 and Jun 30, 2022. 962 patients with T2DM from the Suzhou BenQ Hospital in Jiangsu, China hospitalised between Jul 1, 2020 to Jun 30, 2022 were considered for external validation. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors and establish a nomogram to predict the occurrence of DR. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), a calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Neutrophil, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], Duration of T2DM, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) were used to establish a nomogram model for predicting the risk of DR. In the development and external validation groups, the areas under the curve of the nomogram constructed from the above five factors were 0.834 (95%CI 0.820–0.849) and 0.851 (95%CI 0.829–0.874), respectively. The nomogram demonstrated excellent performance in the calibration curve and DCA. This research has developed and externally verified that the nomograph model shows a good predictive ability in assessing DR risk in people with type 2 diabetes. The application of this model will help clinicians to intervene early, thus effectively reducing the incidence rate and mortality of DR in the future, and has far-reaching significance in improving the long-term health prognosis of diabetes patients.

Abstract The collective modes of the superconducting order parameter fluctuation can provide key insights into the nature of the superconductor. Recently, a family of superconductors has emerged in non-magnetic kagome materials AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, Cs), exhibiting fertile emergent phenomenology. However, the collective behaviors of Cooper pairs have not been studied. Here, we report a distinct collective mode in CsV3-x Ta x Sb5 using scanning tunneling microscope/spectroscopy. The spectral line-shape is well-described by one isotropic and one anisotropic superconducting gap, and a bosonic mode due to electron-mode coupling. With increasing x, the two gaps move closer in energy, merge into two isotropic gaps of equal amplitude, and then increase synchronously. The mode energy decreases monotonically to well below $${{2}}{{\Delta }}$$ 2 Δ and survives even after the charge density wave order is suppressed. We propose the interpretation of this collective mode as Leggett mode between different superconducting components or the Bardasis-Schrieffer mode due to a subleading superconducting component.

Abstract Neuropilin-1 (NRP1), a co-receptor for various cytokines, including TGF-β, has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for fibrosis. However, its role and mechanism in renal fibrosis remains elusive. Here, we show that NRP1 is upregulated in distal tubular (DT) cells of patients with transplant renal insufficiency and mice with renal ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury. Knockout of Nrp1 reduces multiple endpoints of renal injury and fibrosis. We find that Nrp1 facilitates the binding of TNF-α to its receptor in DT cells after renal injury. This signaling results in a downregulation of lysine crotonylation of the metabolic enzyme Cox4i1, decreases cellular energetics and exacerbation of renal injury. Furthermore, by single-cell RNA-sequencing we find that Nrp1-positive DT cells secrete collagen and communicate with myofibroblasts, exacerbating acute kidney injury (AKI)-induced renal fibrosis by activating Smad3. Dual genetic deletion of Nrp1 and Tgfbr1 in DT cells better improves renal injury and fibrosis than either single knockout. Together, these results reveal that targeting of NRP1 represents a promising strategy for the treatment of AKI and subsequent chronic kidney disease.

Abstract Background Sublobar resection (wedge resection and segmentectomy) has been established as an oncologically equivalent option to lobectomy for early‐stage patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ≤ 2 cm. However, the optimal approach of sublobar resection remains subject to debate. In the present study we aimed to compare the oncological outcomes of wedge resection and segmentectomy in these patients. Methods We identified patients with pT1a‐bN0M0 NSCLC who underwent wedge resection and segmentectomy from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2010 and 2020. A Cox regression model and propensity‐score matching (PSM) analysis were used. Overall survival (OS) and lung cancer‐specific survival (LCSS) were compared using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results A total of 4190 patients met our selection criteria, including wedge resection in 3137 and segmentectomy in 1053. Patients undergoing wedge resection were less likely to have total lymph nodes resected (4 vs. 7, p

Abstract Recent advancements in genome assembly have greatly improved the prospects for comprehensive annotation of Transposable Elements (TEs). However, existing methods for TE annotation using genome assemblies suffer from limited accuracy and robustness, requiring extensive manual editing. In addition, the currently available gold-standard TE databases are not comprehensive, even for extensively studied species, highlighting the critical need for an automated TE detection method to supplement existing repositories. In this study, we introduce HiTE, a fast and accurate dynamic boundary adjustment approach designed to detect full-length TEs. The experimental results demonstrate that HiTE outperforms RepeatModeler2, the state-of-the-art tool, across various species. Furthermore, HiTE has identified numerous novel transposons with well-defined structures containing protein-coding domains, some of which are directly inserted within crucial genes, leading to direct alterations in gene expression. A Nextflow version of HiTE is also available, with enhanced parallelism, reproducibility, and portability.

Rock discontinuity information plays a key role in engineering activities. In severely fragmented and discontinuous samples, the identification accuracy of rock discontinuities can be improved with the help of geologic knowledge with identified spatial features and geoscience interaction mechanisms. Therefore, we proposed a new method – a knowledge-based intelligent recognition method for rock discontinuities that used point cloud data – to correct inaccurate identification by considering the spatial relationships of rock discontinuities. This paper integrated the geologic knowledge bases in rock discontinuity information extraction rules and combined the generative rule inference model with the region growing method for intelligent extraction. In the case study, we developed four typical rule sets as examples based on the constructed rule system to group rock discontinuities and subsume the fractured rock discontinuities. Results show that this new method is effective in identifying and classifying rock discontinuities of complex areas with a greater reduction in manual intervention.

With the rapid growth of information transmission via the Internet, efforts have been made to reduce network load to promote efficiency. One such application is semantic computing, which can extract and process semantic communication. Social media has enabled users to share their current emotions, opinions, and life events through their mobile devices. Notably, people suffering from mental health problems are more willing to share their feelings on social networks. Therefore, it is necessary to extract semantic information from social media (vlog data) to identify abnormal emotional states to facilitate early identification and intervention. Most studies do not consider spatio-temporal information when fusing multimodal information to identify abnormal emotional states such as depression. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a spatio-temporal squeeze transformer method for the extraction of semantic features of depression. First, a module with spatio-temporal data is embedded into the transformer encoder, which is utilized to obtain a representation of spatio-temporal features. Second, a classifier with a voting mechanism is designed to encourage the model to classify depression and non-depression effectively. Experiments are conducted on the D-Vlog dataset. The results show that the method is effective, and the accuracy rate can reach 70.70%. This work provides scaffolding for future work in the detection of affect recognition in semantic communication based on social media vlog data.

Abstract This paper explores the feasibility and potential implications of automated air-taxis as a new mode of urban transport. By applying flight simulation and operations research, we investigate different questions regarding travel time, travel costs, and transport sustainability. As practical application, we consider the transportation service between the city and the airport, as well as on-demand air-taxi services within the city of Vienna. We compare the air-taxis with gasoline taxis and e-taxis, as they serve analogous transportation needs and cater to a similar clientele. In our effort to assess the feasibility of air-taxis, we aim to answer crucial questions that will influence the future of urban transportation. Our study examines how efficient air-taxis are in reducing travel time and explores their cost dynamics, addressing the affordability for passengers and their value of travel time savings. Additionally, we investigate their environmental impact by looking into energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Through a rigorous analysis of empirical data and simulation outcomes, we aim to provide a comprehensive perspective that informs policy decisions and guides the evolution of urban transportation networks in the years to come.

Abstract. Background:. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has emerged as the leading cause of death from prostate cancer (PCa) in recent decades, bringing a great disease burden worldwide. Men with preexisting CVD have an increased risk for major adverse cardiovascular events when treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The present study aimed to explore the prevalence and risk evaluation of CVD among people with newly diagnosed PCa in China. Methods:. Clinical data of newly diagnosed PCa patients were retrospectively collected from 34 centers in China from 2010 to 2022 through convenience sampling. CVD was defined as myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, heart failure, stroke, ischemic heart disease, and others. CVD risk was estimated by calculating Framingham risk scores (FRS). Patients were accordingly divided into low-, medium-, and high-risk groups. χ2 or Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical variables. Results:. A total of 4253 patients were enrolled in the present study. A total of 27.0% (1147/4253) of patients had comorbid PCa and CVD, and 7.2% (307/4253) had two or more CVDs. The enrolled population was distributed in six regions of China, and approximately 71.0% (3019/4253) of patients lived in urban areas. With imaging and pathological evaluation, most PCa patients were diagnosed at an advanced stage, with 20.5% (871/4253) locally progressing and 20.5% (871/4253) showing metastasis. Most of them initiated prostatectomy (46.6%, 1983/4253) or regimens involving ADT therapy (45.7%, 1944/4253) for prostate cancer. In the present PCa cohort, 43.1% (1832/4253) of patients had hypertension, and half of them had poorly controlled blood pressure. With FRS stratification, as expected, a higher risk of CVD was related to aging and metabolic disturbance. However, we also found that patients with treatment involving ADT presented an originally higher risk of CVD than those without ADT. This was in accordance with clinical practice, i.e., aged patients or patients at advanced oncological stages were inclined to accept systematic integrative therapy instead of surgery. Among patients who underwent medical castration, only 4.0% (45/1118) received gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonists, in stark contrast to the grim situation of CVD prevalence and risk. Conclusions:. PCa patients in China are diagnosed at an advanced stage. A heavy CVD burden was present at the initiation of treatment. Patients who accepted ADT-related therapy showed an original higher risk of CVD, but the awareness of cardiovascular protection was far from sufficient.

Abstract Background This multicenter, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial (RCT) aims to assess the impact of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based model on the efficacy of intracranial aneurysm detection in CT angiography (CTA) and its influence on patients’ short-term and long-term outcomes. Methods Study design: Prospective, multicenter, double-blinded RCT. Settings: The model was designed for the automatic detection of intracranial aneurysms from original CTA images. Participants: Adult inpatients and outpatients who are scheduled for head CTA scanning. Randomization groups: (1) Experimental Group: Head CTA interpreted by radiologists with the assistance of the True-AI-integrated intracranial aneurysm diagnosis strategy (True-AI arm). (2) Control Group: Head CTA interpreted by radiologists with the assistance of the Sham-AI-integrated intracranial aneurysm diagnosis strategy (Sham-AI arm). Randomization: Block randomization, stratified by center, gender, and age group. Primary outcomes: Coprimary outcomes of superiority in patient-level sensitivity and noninferiority in specificity for the True-AI arm to the Sham-AI arm in intracranial aneurysms. Secondary outcomes: Diagnostic performance for other intracranial lesions, detection rates, workload of CTA interpretation, resource utilization, treatment-related clinical events, aneurysm-related events, quality of life, and cost-effectiveness analysis. Blinding: Study participants and participating radiologists will be blinded to the intervention. Sample size: Based on our pilot study, the patient-level sensitivity is assumed to be 0.65 for the Sham-AI arm and 0.75 for the True-AI arm, with specificities of 0.90 and 0.88, respectively. The prevalence of intracranial aneurysms for patients undergoing head CTA in the hospital is approximately 12%. To establish superiority in sensitivity and noninferiority in specificity with a margin of 5% using a one-sided α = 0.025 to ensure that the power of coprimary endpoint testing reached 0.80 and a 5% attrition rate, the sample size was determined to be 6450 in a 1:1 allocation to True-AI or Sham-AI arm. Discussion The study will determine the precise impact of the AI system on the detection performance for intracranial aneurysms in a double-blinded design and following the real-world effects on patients’ short-term and long-term outcomes. Trial registration This trial has been registered with the NIH, U.S. National Library of Medicine at ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT06118840 . Registered 11 November 2023.

Abstract Introduction Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a common pathological type of lung cancer. The presence of lymph node metastasis plays a crucial role in determining the overall treatment approach and long‐term prognosis for early LUAD, therefore accurate prediction of lymph node metastasis is essential to guide treatment decisions and ultimately improve patient outcomes. Methods We performed transcriptome sequencing on T1 LUAD patients with positive or negative lymph node metastases and combined this data with The Cancer Genome Atlas Program cohort to identify potential risk molecules at the tissue level. Subsequently, by detecting the expression of these risk molecules by real‐time quantitative PCR in serum samples, we developed a model to predict the risk of lymph node metastasis from a training cohort of 96 patients and a validation cohort of 158 patients. Results Through transcriptome sequencing analysis of tissue samples, we identified 11 RNA (miR‐412, miR‐219, miR‐371, FOXC1, ID1, MMP13, COL11A1, PODXL2, CXCL13, SPOCK1 and MECOM) associated with positive lymph node metastases in T1 LUAD. As the expression of FOXC1 and COL11A1 was not detected in serum, we constructed a predictive model that accurately identifies patients with positive lymph node metastases using the remaining nine RNA molecules in the serum of T1 LUAD patients. In the training set, the model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.89, and in the validation set, the AUC was 0.91. Conclusions We have established a new risk prediction model using serum samples from T1 LUAD patients, enabling noninvasive identification of those with positive lymph node metastases.

The integrative regeneration of both articular cartilage and subchondral bone remains an unmet clinical need due to the difficulties of mimicking spatial complexity in native osteochondral tissues for artificial implants. Layer-by-layer fabrication strategies, such as 3D printing, have emerged as a promising technology replicating the stratified zonal architecture and varying microstructures and mechanical properties. However, the dynamic and circulating physiological environments, such as mass transportation or cell migration, usually distort the pre-confined biological properties in the layered implants, leading to undistinguished spatial variations and subsequently inefficient regenerations. This study introduced a biomimetic calcified interfacial layer into the scaffold as a compact barrier between a cartilage layer and a subchondral bone layer to facilitate osteogenic–chondrogenic repair. The calcified interfacial layer consisting of compact polycaprolactone (PCL), nano-hydroxyapatite, and tasquinimod (TA) can physically and biologically separate the cartilage layer (TA-mixed, chondrocytes-load gelatin methacrylate) from the subchondral bond layer (porous PCL). This introduction preserved the as-designed independent biological environment in each layer for both cartilage and bone regeneration, successfully inhibiting vascular invasion into the cartilage layer and preventing hyaluronic cartilage calcification owing to devascularization of TA. The improved integrative regeneration of cartilage and subchondral bone was validated through gross examination, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and histological and immunohistochemical analyses based on an in vivo rat model. Moreover, gene and protein expression studies identified a key role of Caveolin (CAV-1) in promoting angiogenesis through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and indicated that TA in the calcified layer blocked angiogenesis by inhibiting CAV-1.

IntroductionGroundcover management plays a crucial role in improving water retention and soil nutrition in orchard systems, thereby preventing environmental constrains by non-point source pollution. However, effectiveness of groundcover management in citrus orchards developed on sloping farmland with eroded purple soil has not been studied in detail. In particular, information on the soil nutrient losses, e.g., nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), through interflow and its effects on growth and nutrition of citrus plants has not been reported.MethodsThe present study evaluated the effects of different cover crops, i.e., Lolium perenne L. (Lolium), Vicia villosa Roth (Vicia) and Orychophragmus violaceus (Ory), on nutrition and growth of citrus trees as well as water, soil and nutrient retention in an orchard developed in sloping farmland during two consecutive years.Results and discussionThe results show that the groundcover species Lolium and Vicia mediated nursing effects on nutrition and growth of citrus trees. These nursing effects included enhanced foliar levels of carbon(C), N and P as well as increased tree height, stem diameter, and crown width. Groundcover management generally reduced the annual surface runoff, interflow, soil loss, total N loss and total P loss. Among the cover crop species studied, Lolium and Vicia were overall more efficient than Ory in this context. Lolium reduced the average annual total loss of N and P by 42.53% and 49.23%, respectively, compared with clean tillage. The estimated annual reduction potentials of soil, N and P losses in Southwestern China were 16.3, 3.4 and 8.5 million tons yr-1, respectively. Obviously, Lolium and Vicia provide highly beneficial ground coverage on sloping farmland and, thus, can be used for future sustainable development of citrus orchards.

Lightning strikes on aircraft are mainly due to self-triggered bidirectional leader discharges. Understanding the physical processes of lightning strikes is the basis for designing appropriate lightning protection measures. For this purpose, the development processes of bidirectional leaders triggered by a floating conductor were studied in a laboratory. In this paper, an experimental platform for the observation of bidirectional leader discharges is established through a reasonable gap arrangement. The discharge processes were recorded by a high-speed camera with up to 504 000 f/s. The effects of negative streamer discharges on the positive leader propagation speed as well as brightness during the bidirectional leader discharge at different electric field rise rates were mainly studied and quantitatively analyzed by introducing incremental coefficients. The experimental results show that the discharge development at the negative end of the floating conductor lags behind that at the positive end, and there is a coupling phenomenon between the positive and the negative discharge. At low electric field rise rates, when a negative streamer discharge occurs, it causes a positive corona burst, resulting in a sharp increase in brightness, while on the contrary the leader speed change is not as pronounced as the brightness change. As the rate of rise of the electric field increases, the effect of the discharge at the negative end on the positive end gradually decreases. This work could provide a theoretical basis for understanding the physical process of lightning strikes on aircraft.

Abstract Background Breast cancer's complex transcriptional landscape requires an improved understanding of cellular diversity to identify effective treatments. The study of genetic variations among breast cancer subtypes at single‐cell resolution has potential to deepen our insights into cancer progression. Methods In this study, we amalgamate single‐cell RNA sequencing data from patient tumours and matched lymph metastasis, reduction mammoplasties, breast cancer patient‐derived xenografts (PDXs), PDX‐derived organoids (PDXOs), and cell lines resulting in a diverse dataset of 117 samples with 506 719 total cells. These samples encompass hormone receptor positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+), and triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes, including isogenic model pairs. Herein, we delineated similarities and distinctions across models and patient samples and explore therapeutic drug efficacy based on subtype proportions. Results PDX models more closely resemble patient samples in terms of tumour heterogeneity and cell cycle characteristics when compared with TNBC cell lines. Acquired drug resistance was associated with an increase in basal‐like cell proportions within TNBC PDX tumours as defined with SCSubtype and TNBCtype cell typing predictors. All patient samples contained a mixture of subtypes; compared to primary tumours HR+ lymph node metastases had lower proportions of HER2‐Enriched cells. PDXOs exhibited differences in metabolic‐related transcripts compared to PDX tumours. Correlative analyses of cytotoxic drugs on PDX cells identified therapeutic efficacy was based on subtype proportion. Conclusions We present a substantial multimodel dataset, a dynamic approach to cell‐wise sample annotation, and a comprehensive interrogation of models within systems of human breast cancer. This analysis and reference will facilitate informed decision‐making in preclinical research and therapeutic development through its elucidation of model limitations, subtype‐specific insights and novel targetable pathways. Key points Patient‐derived xenografts models more closely resemble patient samples in tumour heterogeneity and cell cycle characteristics when compared with cell lines. 3D organoid models exhibit differences in metabolic profiles compared to their in vivo counterparts. A valuable multimodel reference dataset that can be useful in elucidating model differences and novel targetable pathways.

Lysine succinylation (Ksu) has recently emerged as a protein modification that regulates diverse functions in various biological processes. However, the systemically and precise role of lysine succinylation in erythropoiesis remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, we noted a prominent increase of succinyl-CoA and lysine succinylation during human erythroid differentiation. To explore the functional significance of succinylation, we inhibited succinylation by either knock downing key succinyltransferases or overexpressing desuccinylases. Succinylation inhibition led to suppressed cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, and disrupted erythroid differentiation. In vivo overexpression of the desuccinylases SIRT5 delayed erythroid differentiation. Furthermore, integrative proteome and succinylome analysis identifies 939 succinylated proteins with 3,562 Ksu sites, distributed across various cellular compartments and involved in multiple cellular processes. Significantly, inconsistencies between protein expression levels and succinylation levels were observed, indicating that the succinylation of certain proteins may function independently of expression. Mechanistically, we implicated KAT2A-mediated succinylation of histone H3 K79, leading to chromatin remodeling and subsequently erythropoiesis regulation. Specially, we identified CYCS as a key regulator of erythropoiesis, which depends on its succinylation sites K28/K40. Taken together, our comprehensive investigation of the succinylation landscape during erythropoiesis provides valuable insights into its regulatory role and offer potential implications for erythroid-related diseases.

Summary: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental disorder with serious impacts on life and health. Neuroimaging offers valuable diagnostic insights. However, traditional computer-aided diagnosis methods are limited by reliance on researchers’ experience. To address this, we proposed an evolutionary neural architecture search (M-ENAS) framework for automatically diagnosing MDD using multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). M-ENAS determines the optimal weight and network architecture through a two-stage search method. Specifically, we designed a one-shot network architecture search (NAS) strategy to train supernet weights and a self-defined evolutionary search to optimize the network structure. Finally, M-ENAS was evaluated on two datasets, demonstrating that M-ENAS outperforms existing hand-designed methods. Additionally, our findings reveal that brain regions within the somatomotor network play important roles in the diagnosis of MDD, providing additional insight into the biological mechanisms underlying the disorder.

Parasite infection not only triggers the immune response of the host but also potentially affects the reproductive status, thereby influencing the population size. Therefore, understanding the impact of parasite infection on host immune and reproductive systems has long been an important issue in ecological research. To address this, we conducted field surveys (2021–2023) to investigate Capillaria hepatica infection status in Brandt's vole (Lasiopodomys brandtii) and performed controlled experiments in semi-natural enclosures and indoor laboratories. The results showed a negative correlation between the population size of Brandt's vole and the infection rate. To further explore the regulatory mechanisms, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were performed on the infected BALB/c mice. The study found that post-infection with Capillaria hepatica, up-regulated genes and proteins in the mice liver were primarily associated with immune functions, while down-regulated genes and proteins were related to metabolic functions such as retinol metabolism. Through validation experiments supplementing retinol to the host infected with Capillaria hepatica, it was found that infection with Capillaria hepatica leads to a decrease in systemic available retinol levels, disrupting the expression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis hormones, affecting the expression of CYP17A1, thereby regulating testosterone secretion related to spermatogenesis. This process results in abnormal spermatogenesis in the testes, thereby impacting the reproductive capacity of mice. This suggests that Capillaria hepatica regulates resource allocation in hosts, striking a “trade-off” between reproduction and survival, thereby exerting control over population size. These discoveries are crucial for comprehending the interaction between Capillaria hepatica and hosts, as well as their impacts on host reproduction and immune systems, and provide a scientific basis for controlling the transmission of Capillaria hepatica.

In the field of ophthalmology, orbital fat prolapse under the upper eyelid is less recognized than subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse. Despite its occasional occurrence in clinical practice, this condition is often inadequately understood and incorrectly classified due to its subtle manifestations and the limited number of focused studies. Typically affecting young patients, the prolapse is located subcutaneously in the mid-upper eyelid, resulting in a pseudo-occlusion. This study aims to investigate this specific ocular anomaly, we delineate the clinical presentations, surgical interventions, and differential diagnoses of this condition through three representative cases, proposing its classification as a distinct disease entity named Upper Eyelid Subcutaneous Orbital Fat Prolapse (UESOFP).

Abstract BackgroundDepression represents a pressing global public health concern, impacting the physical and mental well-being of hundreds of millions worldwide. Notwithstanding advances in clinical practice, an alarming number of individuals at risk for depression continue to face significant barriers to timely diagnosis and effective treatment, thereby exacerbating a burgeoning social health crisis. ObjectiveThis study seeks to develop a novel online depression risk detection method using natural language processing technology to identify individuals at risk of depression on the Chinese social media platform Sina Weibo. MethodsFirst, we collected approximately 527,333 posts publicly shared over 1 year from 1600 individuals with depression and 1600 individuals without depression on the Sina Weibo platform. We then developed a hierarchical transformer network for learning user-level semantic representations, which consists of 3 primary components: a word-level encoder, a post-level encoder, and a semantic aggregation encoder. The word-level encoder learns semantic embeddings from individual posts, while the post-level encoder explores features in user post sequences. The semantic aggregation encoder aggregates post sequence semantics to generate a user-level semantic representation that can be classified as depressed or nondepressed. Next, a classifier is employed to predict the risk of depression. Finally, we conducted statistical and linguistic analyses of the post content from individuals with and without depression using the Chinese Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count. ResultsWe divided the original data set into training, validation, and test sets. The training set consisted of 1000 individuals with depression and 1000 individuals without depression. Similarly, each validation and test set comprised 600 users, with 300 individuals from both cohorts (depression and nondepression). Our method achieved an accuracy of 84.62%, precision of 84.43%, recall of 84.50%, and F1F1 ConclusionsThe research results indicate the feasibility and effectiveness of using deep learning methods to detect the risk of depression. These findings provide insights into the potential for large-scale, automated, and noninvasive prediction of depression among online social media users.

Abstract Multi-objective optimization (MOO) endeavors to identify optimal solutions from a finite array of possibilities. In recent years, deep reinforcement learning (RL) has exhibited promise through its well-crafted heuristics in tackling NP-hard combinatorial optimization (CO) problems. Nonetheless, current methodologies grapple with two key challenges: (1) They primarily concentrate on single-objective optimization quandaries, rendering them less adaptable to the more prevalent MOO scenarios encountered in real-world applications. (2) These approaches furnish an approximate solution by imbibing heuristics, lacking a systematic means to enhance or substantiate optimality. Given these challenges, this study introduces an overarching hybrid strategy, dynamic programming with meta-reinforcement learning (DPML), to resolve MOO predicaments. The approach melds meta-learning into an RL framework, addressing multiple subproblems inherent to MOO. Furthermore, the precision of solutions is elevated by endowing exact dynamic programming with the prowess of meta-graph neural networks. Empirical results substantiate the supremacy of our methodology over previous RL and heuristics approaches, bridging the chasm between theoretical underpinnings and real-world applicability within this domain.

Objective: Speech recognition technology is widely used as a mature technical approach in many fields. In the study of depression recognition, speech signals are commonly used due to their convenience and ease of acquisition. Though speech recognition is popular in the research field of depression recognition, it has been little studied in somatisation disorder recognition. The reason for this is the lack of a publicly accessible database of relevant speech and benchmark studies. To this end, we introduced our somatisation disorder speech database and gave benchmark results. Methods: By collecting speech samples of somatisation disorder patients, in cooperation with the Shenzhen University General Hospital, we introduced our somatisation disorder speech database, the Shenzhen Somatisation Speech Corpus (SSSC). Moreover, a benchmark for SSSC using classic acoustic features and a machine learning model was proposed in our work. Results: To obtain a more scientific benchmark, we compared and analysed the performance of different acoustic features, i. e., the full ComPare feature set, or only Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs), fundamental frequency (F0), and frequency and bandwidth of the formants (F1-F3). By comparison, the best result of our benchmark was the 76.0% unweighted average recall achieved by a support vector machine with formants F1–F3. Conclusion: The proposal of SSSC may bridge a research gap in somatisation disorder, providing researchers with a publicly accessible speech database. In addition, the results of the benchmark could show the scientific validity and feasibility of computer audition for speech recognition in somatization disorders.

Abstract Background The surgical outcomes for younger patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features long‐term survival outcomes in younger individuals with NSCLC following surgery. Methods We queried the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 2010 to 2017, selecting all pathologically confirmed NSCLC cases that underwent cancer‐directed surgery. Younger patients were defined as those aged 18–50 years, while older patients were 51–80 years. Propensity score matching (PSM) was implemented to mitigate selection bias. Overall survival (OS) and lung cancer‐specific survival (LCSS) were compared using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results Among the 33 586 treated surgically patients, 2223 (6.6%) were young. Compared to the older group, younger patients had a higher frequency of female gender, non‐white ethnicity, carcinoid tumors, stage IV disease, pneumonectomy, and postoperative adjuvant therapies. The 5‐year OS rates were significantly higher for younger patients (79.3% vs. 62.0%; p

The microstructural characteristics of brazing seams significantly influence the mechanical properties of brazed joints. In this study, a novel Ni3Al-based single crystal superalloy(Alloy 1) with high Mo content was brazed with a Ni–B–Si–Ti filler. The evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of brazed joints were investigated after thermal exposure at 1000 °C up to 300h. The brazed joint was mainly composed of the athermally solidified zone (ASZ), isothermal solidification zone (ISZ), diffusion affected zone (DAZ), and base metal (BM). As the increase of thermal exposure time, the tensile strength of the joint at 980 °C decreases from 625 MPa at 0h of thermal exposure to 443 MPa after 300h of thermal exposure. It is suggested that as the duration of thermal exposure increases, the skeleton phases gradually aggregate at the ASZ/ISZ interface, reducing the relative barrier effect of the skeleton in ASZ. Simultaneously, the ASZ/ISZ interface becomes smoother over time, which in turn leads to rapid crack propagation.

Abstract Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common kidney tumor. The analysis from medical database showed that Scm-like with four MBT domains protein 2 (SFMBT2) was decreased in advanced clear cell RCC cases, and its downregulation was associated with the poor prognosis. This study aims to investigate the role of SFMBT2 in clear cell RCC. Methods The expression of SFMBT2 in clear cell RCC specimens were determined by immunohistochemistry staining and western blot. The overexpression and knockdown of SFMBT2 was realized by infection of lentivirus loaded with SFMBT2 coding sequence or silencing fragment in 786-O and 769-P cells, and its effects on proliferation and metastasis were assessed by MTT, colony formation, flow cytometry, wound healing, transwell assay, xenograft and metastasis experiments in nude mice. The interaction of SFMBT2 with histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and seven in absentia homolog 1 (SIAH1) was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. Results In our study, SFMBT2 exhibited lower expression in clear cell RCC specimens with advanced stages than those with early stages. Overexpression of SFMBT2 inhibited the growth and metastasis of clear cell RCC cells, 786-O and 769-P, in vitro and in vivo, and its silencing displayed opposites effects. HDAC3 led to deacetylation of SFMBT2, and the HDAC3 inhibitor-induced acetylation prevented SFMBT2 from SIAH1-mediated ubiquitination modification and proteasome degradation. K687 in SFMBT2 protein molecule may be the key site for acetylation and ubiquitination. Conclusions SFMBT2 exerted an anti-tumor role in clear cell RCC cells, and HDAC3-mediated deacetylation promoted SIAH1-controlled ubiquitination of SFMBT2. SFMBT2 may be considered as a novel clinical diagnostic marker and/or therapeutic target of clear cell RCC, and crosstalk between its post-translational modifications may provide novel insights for agent development.

Additive manufacturing high-strength steel has a unique manufacturing process and has broad application prospects in military equipment, aerospace, and other fields, but it is often threatened by dynamic loads such as explosion and high-speed impact during use, which has attracted wide attention. In this paper, the dynamic impact of additive manufacturing high-strength steel LMD-BK and wrought high-strength steel BK was carried out at strain rates of 1000 s−1–5000 s−1 by the Split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test, respectively, and the differences in the dynamic mechanical properties of the two were investigated under the impact of different strain rates. Using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) micro-observation techniques, the microstructure morphologies of LMD-BK and BK before and after dynamic impact were characterized, and the microstructure evolution mechanism of the two was investigated. The results show that both LMD-BK and BK are strain rate sensitive, and the dynamic compressive strength increases and then decreases with the increase of strain rate, with a maximum at 2000 s−1 and a minimum at 1000 s−1. The maximum and minimum values of dynamic compressive strength for LMD-BK are 1978 MPa and 1757 MPa, respectively; for BK, the maximum and minimum values of dynamic compressive strength are 1389 MPa and 1329 MPa, respectively. The final strain of the material increases as the strain rate increases. At the same strain rate, the final strain of BK is always larger than that of LMD-BK. With the increase in strain rate, the impact work absorbed by the material increases, and at the same strain rate, LMD-BK can absorb more impact work than BK. Microscopic observations show that after dynamic impact, LMD-BK undergoes fragmentation of the columnar structure and compression of the cellular structure to form a deformation localization zone. These results are of great significance for the study of dynamic mechanical properties and microstructure evolution mechanism of high-strength steel made by additive manufacturing under extreme environments such as explosion and high-speed impact.

Abstract The rational use and conversion of energy are the primary means for achieving the goal of carbon neutrality. MXenes can be used for photothermal conversion, but their opaque appearance limits wider applications. Herein, we successfully develop visible-light transparent and UV-absorbing polymer composite film by solution blending the MXene with polyethylene and then vacuum pressing. The resulting film could be quickly heated to 65 °C under 400 mW cm−2 light irradiation and maintained over 85% visible-light transmittance as well as low haze (

Abstract The conversion of CO2 into fuels and valuable chemicals presents a viable path toward carbon neutrality. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of metal-doped graphene catalysts in the reduction of CO2 to C1 products. 20 typical M-graphene (M = metal) catalysts were established based on DFT calculations. Six candidate catalysts, i.e., V-, Cr-, Mn-, Ni-, Mo-, and Ta-graphene catalysts, were selected by combining the hydrogen dissociation ability and the energy band gap of the catalysts. Subsequently, the adsorption characteristics and hydrogenation reactions of CO2 over the six candidates were explored. CO2 tends to adsorb at the M site through vertical adsorption and carbon–oxygen co-adsorption. V- and Cr-graphene catalysts promote the production of intermediate COOH, whereas Mn-, Ni-, Mo-, and Ta-doped surfaces are more favorable for HCOO formation. Concerning the hydrogenation to CO and HCOOH, V-, Cr-, Ni- and Mo-graphene catalysts preferentially yield CO from COOH, whereas Ta-doped graphene favors the formation of HCOOH. In total, the competitive hydrogenation of CO2 reveals the selectivity of the C1 products. Cr- and Ni-graphene favor the production of HCOOH and CH3OH, whereas V-, Mn-, Mo-, and Ta-graphene primarily yield CH3OH. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Introduction The aim of this work is to evaluate the accuracy of the Barrett Universal II (BU II), Emmetropia verifying optical (EVO) 2.0, Haigis, Hoffer Q, Hoffer QST (Savini/Taroni) (HQST), Holladay 1, Kane, Ladas Super, Sanders–Retzlaff–Kraff/theoretical (SRK/T), and T2 intraocular lens (IOL) power formulas for calculating spherical equivalent (SE) of toric IOL. Methods This study enrolled consecutive patients who underwent phacoemulsification and toric IOL implantation at the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University in Hangzhou from 2015 to 2022. We compared the new-generation formulas with Gaussian optics-based standard formulas, and calculated the mean absolute error (MAE), median absolute error (MedAE), and percentage of eyes within ± 0.25 diopter (D), ± 0.50 D, ± 0.75 D and ± 1.00 D of the target refraction. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the anterior chamber depth (ACD), keratometry (K), and toricity (T). Results A total of 207 eyes of 207 patients were included in this study. Overall, the Kane and EVO2.0 formulas demonstrated the lowest MedAEs. The EVO2.0 formula exhibited the highest percentage of eyes within ± 0.50 D, ± 0.75 D, ± 1.00 D. Moreover, the EVO2.0 formula showed the lowest MedAE for flat K subgroup, the highest percentage of eyes within ± 0.50 D, ± 1.00 D for shallow ACD subgroup, the highest percentage of eyes within ± 0.75 D for regular ACD, flat K, T2–T3, T4–T5 subgroups. The Kane and formula performed the lowest MedAE in the T4–T5 subgroup. Conclusions Application of the Kane and EVO2.0 formulas significantly improved the prediction of postoperative SE outcome for toric IOL compared to the other formulas.

Abstract To study the effect of different high-voltage electric field polarisation treatment process parameters on the viability of seeds of dried chili peppers. In this study, a high-voltage electrostatic polarisation treatment system was constructed to carry out experiments on the effects of different high-voltage electric field polarisation treatment process parameters on the viability of dried chili seeds. Conduct one-way tests to determine the preferred polarisation method and the preferred interval for output voltage and polarisation time. Two-factor, five-level central combination test with output voltage and polarization time as test factors and seed conductivity as a response indicator. Determining the better combination of parameters for output voltage and polarization time; Conducting seed germination trials to validate the effectiveness of the polarisation process. The results of the one-way test showed that: Negative-voltage polarisation was more effective than positive-voltage polarisation and alternating positive–negative-voltage polarisation in promoting seed vigor, with a better output voltage in the range of 10–14 kV, and a better polarisation time in the range of 20–40 s; The results of orthogonal tests showed that: Under the condition of negative voltage polarisation treatment, the output voltage of 12.08 kV and polarisation time of 30.32 s was the better parameter combination, at which the seed conductivity was minimum 159.87 uS/(cm g). Analyzing the function of cell membrane selective semi-permeability by seed conductivity change and revealing the mechanism of seed viability enhancement by high voltage electric field polarisation treatment; In the seed germination test, compared with the control group, seed germination potential increased by 9.09%, germination rate increased by 20.45%, germination index increased by 3.49, and vigor index increased by 41.66 under high-voltage electrostatic polarisation treatment, and all vigor indexes were significantly improved. The results of this study can provide a basis for the selection of processes and parameters for subsequent high-voltage electric field polarisation treatment of crop seeds.

Abstract Background Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) is a rare and highly malignant type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), for which the treatment of choice is surgery. For peripheral PSC growing outward and invading the chest wall, a complete resection of the affected lung lobes and the invaded chest wall can improve long-term prognosis. However, when the extent of the resected chest wall is large, reconstruction is often required to reduce the risk of postoperative complications. Here, we present a case of PSC invading the chest wall treated with successful extended radical resection for lung cancer and chest wall reconstruction. Case presentation A 58-year-old male patient with a nodule in the right upper lobe that had been identified on physical examination 2 years before presentation presented to our hospital with a recent cough, expectoration, and chest pain. Imaging revealed a mass in the right upper lobe that had invaded the chest wall. Preoperative puncture pathology revealed poorly differentiated NSCLC. We performed extended radical resection for lung cancer under open surgery and reconstructed the chest wall using stainless steel wire and polypropylene meshes. The procedure was uneventful, and the patient was discharged 7 days postoperatively. Furthermore, the final pathology revealed PSC. Conclusions This case underscores the feasibility of surgical R0 resection in patients with PSC with chest wall invasion and no lymph node metastasis, potentially enhancing long-term outcomes. The novel aspect of this case lies in the individualized chest wall reconstruction for a large defect, using cost-effective materials that offered satisfactory structural support and postoperative recovery, thereby providing a valuable reference for similar future surgical interventions.

Abstract The landslide of mine is of great harm and wide influence, which can easily cause huge economic losses and endanger the life safety of workers. Therefore, landslide failure mechanism and more efficient landslide treatment methods have been the focus of landslide research. Laoyinzui landslide with a volume of 250,000 m3 occurred along the gently inclined weak interlayer at 6:00 (UTC + 8) on 5 January 2019 in Huangshan Limestone Mine, Emei City, Sichuan Province, China. The deformation history and failure mechanism of the landslide were analyzed based on the field investigation and geological conditions of landslide area. The treatment method of using excavators to remove all sliding body within the arm length by excavating the small-bench in the bedrock was proposed. The slope stability after treatment was analyzed based on the monitoring data. The results showed that the landslide was triggered by rainfall and earthquake after long-term creep deformation under the action of various factors. Weak interlayer was the potential sliding surface of landslide. The tensile cracks at the back edge of the landslide and the joint fissures and karst caves of the upper limestone provided convenient conditions for rainwater infiltration. Mining activities, including excavation and blasting, resulted in deterioration of mechanical properties of rock mass. Rainfall was the main trigger for the landslide. Water accumulated in weak interlayer, leading to increase of pore water pressure and decrease of anti-sliding force. Earthquake was the trigger for the landslide, which resulted in the reduction of rock mass structural strength. The Laoyingzui landslide consisted of two stages. First, a traction landslide of + 825 m–915 m occurred, and then a push landslide of + 725 m–+ 825 m occurred under the compression of the upper rock mass. The slope displacement was small and the deformation tended to be stable. The treatment method was safe and efficient. This paper can provide reference for the failure mechanism research and treatment of similar landslides.

Abstract Atomically precise defect engineering is essential to manipulate the properties of emerging topological quantum materials for practical quantum applications. However, this remains challenging due to the obstacles in modifying the typically complex crystal lattice with atomic precision. Here, we report the atomically precise engineering of the vacancy-localized spin–orbit polarons in a kagome magnetic Weyl semimetal Co3Sn2S2, using scanning tunneling microscope. We achieve the step-by-step repair of the selected vacancies, leading to the formation of artificial sulfur vacancies with elaborate geometry. We find that that the bound states localized around these vacancies undergo a symmetry dependent energy shift towards Fermi level with increasing vacancy size. As the vacancy size increases, the localized magnetic moments of spin–orbit polarons become tunable and eventually become itinerantly negative due to spin–orbit coupling in the kagome flat band. These findings provide a platform for engineering atomic quantum states in topological quantum materials at the atomic scale.

An interesting phenomenon is found in Nickel-based single crystal superalloy thin-wall specimens which have the same [001] primary orientation and different secondary orientation with [100], [210], and [110] at 850 °C. Generally, the testing of cylindrical samples exhibits similar creep and tensile properties regardless of their vertical orientation distribution due to the circumferential symmetry of their geometric structure. However, the 850 °C experimental results of thin-wall specimens with the same [001] primary orientation show a significant difference in tensile ductility and creep life when the secondary orientation is different. The mechanism of the secondary orientation effect is completely discussed by combining experiment, digital image correlation (DIC), and finite element modelling (FEM), which result from the strengthening effect of Lomer-Cottrel dislocations and the ability to coordinate plastic deformation in tensile, the shrinkage rate of cross-section caused by the single slip system ({111} ) and deviation from [001] with a small angle in creep.

Temperature-swing adsorption (TSA) is an effective technique for CO2 capture, but the temperature swing procedure is energy-intensive. Herein, we report a low-energy-consumption system by combining passive radiative cooling and solar heating for the uptake of CO2 on commercial activated carbons (CACs). During adsorption, the adsorbents are coated with a layer of hierarchically porous poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene) [P(VdF-HFP)HP], which cools the adsorbents to a low temperature under sunlight through radiative cooling. For desorption, CACs with broad absorption of the solar spectrum are exposed to light irradiation for heating. The heating and cooling processes are completely driven by solar energy. Adsorption tests under mimicked sunlight using the CACs show that the performance of this system is comparable to that of the traditional ones. Furthermore, under real sunlight irradiation, the adsorption capacity of the CACs can be well maintained after multiple cycles. The present work may inspire the development of new temperature swing procedures with little energy consumption.

Drought stress is a major environmental factor limiting citrus productivity. Still, differences in drought sensitivity between citrus hybrids of different maturation periods have so far not been reported. Here, we selected a medium-maturing (Fertile orange: FO (Citrus reticulata cv. Fertile orange) and a late-maturing citrus hybrid (Newhall Navel orange: NO (Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv. Newhall) and determined the physiological and biochemical traits of leaves, roots, wood and bark. Our results showed that drought significantly decreased net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) of citrus leaves. Oxidative stress upon drought was indicated by enhanced foliar malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide contents, as well as a stimulation of the anti-oxidative system. This stimulation included the contents of dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in leaves, roots, wood and bark, as well as activities of antioxidative enzymes of glutathione reductase (GR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD). The late maturing NO hybrid not only showed better general physiological performance as indicated by increased Pn in leaves, but also higher biochemical ROS scavenging and osmotic capacity as indicated by increased ascorbic acids (ASA), DHA, and proline contents, as well as activities of enzymes of SOD, POD, ASA/DHA and GSH/GSSG ratios in the investigated tissues compared to the FO hybrid under drought and control conditions. Analysis of molecular mechanisms of signaling, regulatory and functional genes expression are suggested for future studies to elucidate the complex interplay of molecular, biochemical and physiological responses of citrus hybrids to drought.

ABSTRACTObjective: To assess the epidemiological characteristics and prognostic factors of acute leukemia (AL) in children and adolescents, and make comparisons between pediatric and adult patients.Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled AL patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 1975–2016. OS in children and adolescents and adults with AL was compared and analyzed separately by age and AL subtype.Results: Totally 61,694 AL patients were identified, with 45,411 (73.6%) adults and 16,283 (26.4%) children and adolescents. From 2000 to 2016, the incidence rates of AL [annual percent changes (APC) = 1.2, 95%CI = 0.9–1.6, P

Abstract Halogenation of Y‐series small‐molecule acceptors (Y‐SMAs) is identified as an effective strategy to optimize photoelectric properties for achieving improved power‐conversion‐efficiencies (PCEs) in binary organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the effect of different halogenation in the 2D‐structured large π‐fused core of guest Y‐SMAs on ternary OSCs has not yet been systematically studied. Herein, four 2D‐conjugated Y‐SMAs (X‐QTP‐4F, including halogen‐free H‐QTP‐4F, chlorinated Cl‐QTP‐4F, brominated Br‐QTP‐4F, and iodinated I‐QTP‐4F) by attaching different halogens into 2D‐conjugation extended dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline core are developed. Among these X‐QTP‐4F, Cl‐QTP‐4F has a higher absorption coefficient, optimized molecular crystallinity and packing, suitable cascade energy levels, and complementary absorption with PM6:L8‐BO host. Moreover, among ternary PM6:L8‐BO:X‐QTP‐4F blends, PM6:L8‐BO:Cl‐QTP‐4F obtains a more uniform and size‐suitable fibrillary network morphology, improved molecular crystallinity and packing, as well as optimized vertical phase distribution, thus boosting charge generation, transport, extraction, and suppressing energy loss of OSCs. Consequently, the PM6:L8‐BO:Cl‐QTP‐4F‐based OSCs achieve a 19.0% efficiency, which is among the state‐of‐the‐art OSCs based on 2D‐conjugated Y‐SMAs and superior to these devices based on PM6:L8‐BO host (17.70%) and with guests of H‐QTP‐4F (18.23%), Br‐QTP‐4F (18.39%), and I‐QTP‐4F (17.62%). The work indicates that halogenation in 2D‐structured dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline core of Y‐SMAs guests is a promising strategy to gain efficient ternary OSCs.

The static recrystallization (SRX) of the designed high γ′-fraction Ni-based single crystal superalloy (SX) AlloyX was investigated. The three-dimensional SRX threshold of AlloyX involves plastic strain – deformation temperature – heat treatment temperature established by isothermal deformation and heat treatment tests. The influence of different dislocation configurations obtained at different deformation temperatures on critical SRX temperature was analyzed. The high-density entangled dislocations were observed to gradually transition into low-angle grain boundaries at heat treatment temperature within the γ-channel, potentially serving as the primary driving force for the SRX of AlloyX. Compared with the lower γ′-fraction SX DD32, it is further determined that the preferential dissolution of the small-sized γ′ in the interdendritic region (IDR) caused by high Al is the important factor that induces the recrystallization to occur preferentially in the IDR of AlloyX rather than the dendrite region (DR).